Telethon/telethon/network/connection.py

import os
from datetime import timedelta
from zlib import crc32
from enum import Enum

import errno

from ..crypto import AESModeCTR
from ..extensions import BinaryWriter, TcpClient
from ..errors import InvalidChecksumError


class ConnectionMode(Enum):
    """Represents which mode should be used to stabilise a connection.

    TCP_FULL: Default Telegram mode. Sends 12 additional bytes and
              needs to calculate the CRC value of the packet itself.

    TCP_INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate mode between TCP_FULL and TCP_ABRIDGED.
                      Always sends 4 extra bytes for the packet length.

    TCP_ABRIDGED: This is the mode with the lowest overhead, as it will
                  only require 1 byte if the packet length is less than
                  508 bytes (127 << 2, which is very common).

    TCP_OBFUSCATED: Encodes the packet just like TCP_ABRIDGED, but encrypts
                    every message with a randomly generated key using the
                    AES-CTR mode so the packets are harder to discern.
    """
    TCP_FULL = 1
    TCP_INTERMEDIATE = 2
    TCP_ABRIDGED = 3
    TCP_OBFUSCATED = 4


class Connection:
    """Represents an abstract connection (TCP, TCP abridged...).
       'mode' must be any of the ConnectionMode enumeration.

       Note that '.send()' and '.recv()' refer to messages, which
       will be packed accordingly, whereas '.write()' and '.read()'
       work on plain bytes, with no further additions.
    """

    def __init__(self, ip, port, mode=ConnectionMode.TCP_FULL,
                 proxy=None, timeout=timedelta(seconds=5)):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port
        self._mode = mode

        self._send_counter = 0
        self._aes_encrypt, self._aes_decrypt = None, None

        # TODO Rename "TcpClient" as some sort of generic socket?
        self.conn = TcpClient(proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout)

        # Sending messages
        if mode == ConnectionMode.TCP_FULL:
            setattr(self, 'send', self._send_tcp_full)
            setattr(self, 'recv', self._recv_tcp_full)

        elif mode == ConnectionMode.TCP_INTERMEDIATE:
            setattr(self, 'send', self._send_intermediate)
            setattr(self, 'recv', self._recv_intermediate)

        elif mode in (ConnectionMode.TCP_ABRIDGED,
                      ConnectionMode.TCP_OBFUSCATED):
            setattr(self, 'send', self._send_abridged)
            setattr(self, 'recv', self._recv_abridged)

        # Writing and reading from the socket
        if mode == ConnectionMode.TCP_OBFUSCATED:
            setattr(self, 'write', self._write_obfuscated)
            setattr(self, 'read', self._read_obfuscated)
        else:
            setattr(self, 'write', self._write_plain)
            setattr(self, 'read', self._read_plain)

    def connect(self):
        try:
            self.conn.connect(self.ip, self.port)
        except OSError as e:
            if e.errno == errno.EISCONN:
                return  # Already connected, no need to re-set everything up
            else:
                raise

        self._send_counter = 0
        if self._mode == ConnectionMode.TCP_ABRIDGED:
            self.conn.write(b'\xef')
        elif self._mode == ConnectionMode.TCP_INTERMEDIATE:
            self.conn.write(b'\xee\xee\xee\xee')
        elif self._mode == ConnectionMode.TCP_OBFUSCATED:
            self._setup_obfuscation()

    def _setup_obfuscation(self):
        # Obfuscated messages secrets cannot start with any of these
        keywords = (b'PVrG', b'GET ', b'POST', b'\xee' * 4)
        while True:
            random = os.urandom(64)
            if (random[0] != b'\xef' and
                    random[:4] not in keywords and
                    random[4:4] != b'\0\0\0\0'):
                # Invalid random generated
                break

        random = list(random)
        random[56] = random[57] = random[58] = random[59] = 0xef
        random_reversed = random[55:7:-1]  # Reversed (8, len=48)

        # encryption has "continuous buffer" enabled
        encrypt_key = bytes(random[8:40])
        encrypt_iv = bytes(random[40:56])
        decrypt_key = bytes(random_reversed[:32])
        decrypt_iv = bytes(random_reversed[32:48])

        self._aes_encrypt = AESModeCTR(encrypt_key, encrypt_iv)
        self._aes_decrypt = AESModeCTR(decrypt_key, decrypt_iv)

        random[56:64] = self._aes_encrypt.encrypt(bytes(random))[56:64]
        self.conn.write(bytes(random))

    def is_connected(self):
        return self.conn.connected

    def close(self):
        self.conn.close()

    # region Receive message implementations

    def recv(self):
        """Receives and unpacks a message"""
        # Default implementation is just an error
        raise ValueError('Invalid connection mode specified: ' + str(self._mode))

    def _recv_tcp_full(self):
        packet_length_bytes = self.read(4)
        packet_length = int.from_bytes(packet_length_bytes, 'little')

        seq_bytes = self.read(4)
        seq = int.from_bytes(seq_bytes, 'little')

        body = self.read(packet_length - 12)
        checksum = int.from_bytes(self.read(4), 'little')

        valid_checksum = crc32(packet_length_bytes + seq_bytes + body)
        if checksum != valid_checksum:
            raise InvalidChecksumError(checksum, valid_checksum)

        return body

    def _recv_intermediate(self):
        return self.read(int.from_bytes(self.read(4), 'little'))

    def _recv_abridged(self):
        length = int.from_bytes(self.read(1), 'little')
        if length >= 127:
            length = int.from_bytes(self.read(3) + b'\0', 'little')

        return self.read(length << 2)

    # endregion

    # region Send message implementations

    def send(self, message):
        """Encapsulates and sends the given message"""
        # Default implementation is just an error
        raise ValueError('Invalid connection mode specified: ' + str(self._mode))

    def _send_tcp_full(self, message):
        # https://core.telegram.org/mtproto#tcp-transport
        # total length, sequence number, packet and checksum (CRC32)
        length = len(message) + 12
        with BinaryWriter(known_length=length) as writer:
            writer.write_int(length)
            writer.write_int(self._send_counter)
            writer.write(message)
            writer.write_int(crc32(writer.get_bytes()), signed=False)
            self._send_counter += 1
            self.write(writer.get_bytes())

    def _send_intermediate(self, message):
        with BinaryWriter(known_length=len(message) + 4) as writer:
            writer.write_int(len(message))
            writer.write(message)
            self.write(writer.get_bytes())

    def _send_abridged(self, message):
        with BinaryWriter(known_length=len(message) + 4) as writer:
            length = len(message) >> 2
            if length < 127:
                writer.write_byte(length)
            else:
                writer.write_byte(127)
                writer.write(int.to_bytes(length, 3, 'little'))
            writer.write(message)
            self.write(writer.get_bytes())

    # endregion

    # region Read implementations

    def read(self, length):
        raise ValueError('Invalid connection mode specified: ' + str(self._mode))

    def _read_plain(self, length):
        return self.conn.read(length)

    def _read_obfuscated(self, length):
        return self._aes_decrypt.encrypt(
            self.conn.read(length)
        )

    # endregion

    # region Write implementations

    def write(self, data):
        raise ValueError('Invalid connection mode specified: ' + str(self._mode))

    def _write_plain(self, data):
        self.conn.write(data)

    def _write_obfuscated(self, data):
        self.conn.write(self._aes_encrypt.encrypt(data))

    # endregion