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Update examples with the TelegramClient
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Lonami Exo
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@ -9,6 +9,55 @@ This section explores the methods defined in the :ref:`telegram-client`
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with some practical examples. The section assumes that you have imported
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the ``telethon.sync`` package and that you have a client ready to use.
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.. note::
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There are some very common errors (such as forgetting to add
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``import telethon.sync``) for newcomers to ``asyncio``:
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.. code-block:: python
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# AttributeError: 'coroutine' object has no attribute 'first_name'
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print(client.get_me().first_name)
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# TypeError: 'AsyncGenerator' object is not iterable
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for message in client.iter_messages('me'):
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...
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# RuntimeError: This event loop is already running
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with client.conversation('me') as conv:
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...
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That error means you're probably inside an ``async def`` so you
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need to use:
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.. code-block:: python
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print((await client.get_me()).first_name)
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async for message in client.iter_messages('me'):
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...
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async with client.conversation('me') as conv:
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...
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You can of course call other ``def`` functions from your ``async def``
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event handlers, but if they need making API calls, make your own
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functions ``async def`` so you can ``await`` things:
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.. code-block:: python
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async def helper(client):
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await client.send_message('me', 'Hi')
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If you're not inside an ``async def`` you can enter one like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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import asyncio
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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loop.run_until_complete(my_async_def())
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.. contents::
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Authorization
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@ -31,6 +80,46 @@ And you can even use a ``with`` block:
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... # code using the client
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.. note::
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Remember we assume you have ``import telethon.sync``. You can of course
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use the library without importing it. The code would be rewritten as:
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.. code-block:: python
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import asyncio
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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async def main():
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await client.start()
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...
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await client.disconnect()
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# or
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async with client:
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...
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loop.run_until_complete(main())
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All methods that need access to the network (e.g. to make an API call)
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**must** be awaited (or their equivalent such as ``async for`` and
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``async with``). You can do this yourself or you can let the library
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do it for you by using ``import telethon.sync``. With event handlers,
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you must do this yourself.
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The cleanest way to delete your ``*.session`` file is `client.log_out
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.log_out>`. Note that you will obviously
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need to login again if you use this:
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.. code-block:: python
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# Logs out and deletes the session file; you will need to sign in again
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client.log_out()
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# You often simply want to disconnect. You will not need to sign in again
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client.disconnect()
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Group Chats
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***********
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@ -192,6 +281,43 @@ You can also `reply <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>` or
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message.reply('Hello')
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message.respond('World')
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Sending Markdown or HTML messages
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*********************************
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Markdown (``'md'`` or ``'markdown'``) is the default `parse_mode
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<telethon.client.messageparse.MessageParseMethods.parse_mode>`
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for the client. You can change the default parse mode like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.parse_mode = 'html'
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Now all messages will be formatted as HTML by default:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_message('me', 'Some <b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i> text')
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client.send_message('me', 'An <a href="https://example.com">URL</b>')
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client.send_message('me', '<code>code</code> and <pre>pre\nblocks</pre>')
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client.send_message('me', '<a href="tg://user?id=me">Mentions</a>')
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You can override the default parse mode to use for special cases:
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.. code-block:: python
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# No parse mode by default
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client.parse_mode = None
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# ...but here I want markdown
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client.send_message('me', 'Hello, **world**!', parse_mode='md')
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# ...and here I need HTML
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client.send_message('me', 'Hello, <i>world</i>!', parse_mode='html')
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The rules are the same as for Bot API, so please refer to
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https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#formatting-options.
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Sending Messages with Media
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***************************
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@ -289,6 +415,101 @@ Forcing a reply or removing the keyboard can also be done:
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Remember to check `Button <telethon.tl.custom.button.Button>` for more.
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Making Inline Queries
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*********************
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You can send messages ``via @bot`` by first making an inline query:
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.. code-block:: python
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results = client.inline_query('like', 'Do you like Telethon?')
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Then access the result you want and `click
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<telethon.tl.custom.inlineresult.InlineResult.click>` it in the chat
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where you want to send it to:
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.. code-block:: python
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message = results[0].click('TelethonOffTopic')
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Sending messages through inline bots lets you use buttons as a normal user.
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Clicking Buttons
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****************
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Let's `click <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.click>`
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the message we sent in the example above!
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.. code-block:: python
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message.click(0)
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This will click the first button in the message. You could also
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``click(row, column)``, using some text such as ``click(text='👍')``
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or even the data directly ``click(data=b'payload')``.
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Conversations: Waiting for Messages or Replies
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**********************************************
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This one is really useful for unit testing your bots, which you can
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even write within Telethon itself! You can open a `Conversation
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<telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation>` in any chat as:
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.. code-block:: python
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with client.conversation(chat) as conv:
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...
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Conversations let you program a finite state machine with the
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higher-level constructs we are all used to, such as ``while``
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and ``if`` conditionals instead setting the state and jumping
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from one place to another which is less clean.
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For instance, let's imagine ``you`` are the bot talking to ``usr``:
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.. code-block:: text
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<you> Hi!
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<usr> Hello!
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<you> Please tell me your name
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<usr> ?
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<you> Your name didn't have any letters! Try again
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<usr> Lonami
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<you> Thanks!
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This can be programmed as follows:
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.. code-block:: python
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with bot.conversation(chat) as conv:
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conv.send_message('Hi!')
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hello = conv.get_response()
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conv.send_message('Please tell me your name')
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name = conv.get_response().raw_text
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while not any(x.isalpha() for x in name):
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conv.send_message("Your name didn't have any letters! Try again")
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name = conv.get_response().raw_text
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conv.send_message('Thanks {}!'.format(name))
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Note how we sent a message **with the conversation**, not with the client.
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This is important so the conversation remembers what messages you sent.
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The method reference for getting a response, getting a reply or marking
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the conversation as read can be found by clicking here: `Conversation
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<telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation>`.
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Sending a message or getting a response returns a `Message
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<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`. Reading its documentation
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will also be really useful!
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If a reply never arrives or too many messages come in, getting
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responses will raise ``asyncio.TimeoutError`` or ``ValueError``
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respectively. You may want to ``except`` these and tell the user
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they were too slow, or simply drop the conversation.
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Forwarding Messages
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*******************
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