mirror of
https://github.com/LonamiWebs/Telethon.git
synced 2025-10-31 07:57:38 +03:00
274 lines
9.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
274 lines
9.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _working-with-updates:
|
|
|
|
====================
|
|
Working with Updates
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
.. important::
|
|
|
|
Make sure you have read at least the first part of :ref:`asyncio-magic`
|
|
before working with updates. **This is a big change from Telethon pre-1.0
|
|
and 1.0, and your old handlers won't work with this version**.
|
|
|
|
To port your code to the new version, you should just prefix all your
|
|
event handlers with ``async`` and ``await`` everything that makes an
|
|
API call, such as replying, deleting messages, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The library comes with the `telethon.events` module. *Events* are an abstraction
|
|
over what Telegram calls `updates`__, and are meant to ease simple and common
|
|
usage when dealing with them, since there are many updates. If you're looking
|
|
for the method reference, check :ref:`telethon-events-package`, otherwise,
|
|
let's dive in!
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. important::
|
|
|
|
The library logs by default no output, and any exception that occurs
|
|
inside your handlers will be "hidden" from you to prevent the thread
|
|
from terminating (so it can still deliver events). You should enable
|
|
logging when working with events, at least the error level, to see if
|
|
this is happening so you can debug the error.
|
|
|
|
**When using updates, please enable logging:**
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
import logging
|
|
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. contents::
|
|
|
|
|
|
Getting Started
|
|
***************
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
from telethon import TelegramClient, events
|
|
|
|
client = TelegramClient('name', api_id, api_hash)
|
|
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage)
|
|
async def my_event_handler(event):
|
|
if 'hello' in event.raw_text:
|
|
await event.reply('hi!')
|
|
|
|
client.start()
|
|
client.run_until_disconnected()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not much, but there might be some things unclear. What does this code do?
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
from telethon import TelegramClient, events
|
|
|
|
client = TelegramClient('name', api_id, api_hash)
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is normal creation (of course, pass session name, API ID and hash).
|
|
Nothing we don't know already.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage)
|
|
|
|
|
|
This Python decorator will attach itself to the ``my_event_handler``
|
|
definition, and basically means that *on* a `NewMessage
|
|
<telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage>` *event*,
|
|
the callback function you're about to define will be called:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
async def my_event_handler(event):
|
|
if 'hello' in event.raw_text:
|
|
await event.reply('hi!')
|
|
|
|
|
|
If a `NewMessage
|
|
<telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage>` event occurs,
|
|
and ``'hello'`` is in the text of the message, we `.reply()
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>` to the event
|
|
with a ``'hi!'`` message.
|
|
|
|
Do you notice anything different? Yes! Event handlers **must** be ``async``
|
|
for them to work, and **every method using the network** needs to have an
|
|
``await``, otherwise, Python's ``asyncio`` will tell you that you forgot
|
|
to do so, so you can easily add it.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
client.start()
|
|
client.run_until_disconnected()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finally, this tells the client that we're done with our code. We run the
|
|
``asyncio`` loop until the client starts (this is done behind the scenes,
|
|
since the method is so common), and then we run it again until we are
|
|
disconnected. Of course, you can do other things instead of running
|
|
until disconnected. For this refer to :ref:`update-modes`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
More on events
|
|
**************
|
|
|
|
The `NewMessage <telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage>` event has much
|
|
more than what was shown. You can access the `.sender
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.sender>` of the message
|
|
through that member, or even see if the message had `.media
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.media>`, a `.photo
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.photo>` or a `.document
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.document>` (which you
|
|
could download with for example `client.download_media(event.photo)
|
|
<telethon.client.downloads.DownloadMethods.download_media>`.
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to `.reply()
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>` as a reply,
|
|
you can use the `.respond() <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.respond>`
|
|
method instead. Of course, there are more events such as `ChatAction
|
|
<telethon.events.chataction.ChatAction>` or `UserUpdate
|
|
<telethon.events.userupdate.UserUpdate>`, and they're all
|
|
used in the same way. Simply add the `@client.on(events.XYZ)
|
|
<telethon.client.updates.UpdateMethods.on>` decorator on the top
|
|
of your handler and you're done! The event that will be passed always
|
|
is of type ``XYZ.Event`` (for instance, `NewMessage.Event
|
|
<telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage.Event>`), except for the `Raw
|
|
<telethon.events.raw.Raw>` event which just passes the :tl:`Update` object.
|
|
|
|
Note that `.reply()
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>` and `.respond()
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.respond>` are just wrappers around the
|
|
`client.send_message() <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.send_message>`
|
|
method which supports the ``file=`` parameter.
|
|
This means you can reply with a photo if you do `event.reply(file=photo)
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>`.
|
|
|
|
You can put the same event on many handlers, and even different events on
|
|
the same handler. You can also have a handler work on only specific chats,
|
|
for example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
import ast
|
|
import random
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Either a single item or a list of them will work for the chats.
|
|
# You can also use the IDs, Peers, or even User/Chat/Channel objects.
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage(chats=('TelethonChat', 'TelethonOffTopic')))
|
|
async def normal_handler(event):
|
|
if 'roll' in event.raw_text:
|
|
await event.reply(str(random.randint(1, 6)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Similarly, you can use incoming=True for messages that you receive
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage(chats='TelethonOffTopic', outgoing=True,
|
|
pattern='eval (.+)'))
|
|
async def admin_handler(event):
|
|
expression = event.pattern_match.group(1)
|
|
await event.reply(str(ast.literal_eval(expression)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can pass one or more chats to the ``chats`` parameter (as a list or tuple),
|
|
and only events from there will be processed. You can also specify whether you
|
|
want to handle incoming or outgoing messages (those you receive or those you
|
|
send). In this example, people can say ``'roll'`` and you will reply with a
|
|
random number, while if you say ``'eval 4+4'``, you will reply with the
|
|
solution. Try it!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Properties vs. methods
|
|
**********************
|
|
|
|
The event shown above acts just like a `custom.Message
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`, which means you
|
|
can access all the properties it has, like ``.sender``.
|
|
|
|
**However** events are different to other methods in the client, like
|
|
`client.get_messages <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.get_messages>`.
|
|
Events *may not* send information about the sender or chat, which means it
|
|
can be ``None``, but all the methods defined in the client always have this
|
|
information so it doesn't need to be re-fetched. For this reason, you have
|
|
``get_`` methods, which will make a network call if necessary.
|
|
|
|
In short, you should do this:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage)
|
|
async def handler(event):
|
|
# event.input_chat may be None, use event.get_input_chat()
|
|
chat = await event.get_input_chat()
|
|
sender = await event.get_sender()
|
|
buttons = await event.get_buttons()
|
|
|
|
async def main():
|
|
async for message in client.iter_messages('me', 10):
|
|
# Methods from the client always have these properties ready
|
|
chat = message.input_chat
|
|
sender = message.sender
|
|
buttons = message.buttons
|
|
|
|
Notice, properties (`message.sender
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.sender>`) don't need an ``await``, but
|
|
methods (`message.get_sender
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.get_sender>`) **do** need an ``await``,
|
|
and you should use methods in events for these properties that may need network.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Events without decorators
|
|
*************************
|
|
|
|
If for any reason you can't use the `@client.on
|
|
<telethon.client.updates.UpdateMethods.on>` syntax, don't worry.
|
|
You can call `client.add_event_handler(callback, event)
|
|
<telethon.client.updates.UpdateMethods.add_event_handler>` to achieve
|
|
the same effect.
|
|
|
|
Similarly, you also have `client.remove_event_handler
|
|
<telethon.client.updates.UpdateMethods.remove_event_handler>`
|
|
and `client.list_event_handlers
|
|
<telethon.client.updates.UpdateMethods.list_event_handlers>`.
|
|
|
|
The ``event`` type is optional in all methods and defaults to
|
|
`events.Raw <telethon.events.raw.Raw>` for adding, and ``None`` when
|
|
removing (so all callbacks would be removed).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stopping propagation of Updates
|
|
*******************************
|
|
|
|
There might be cases when an event handler is supposed to be used solitary and
|
|
it makes no sense to process any other handlers in the chain. For this case,
|
|
it is possible to raise a `telethon.events.StopPropagation` exception which
|
|
will cause the propagation of the update through your handlers to stop:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
from telethon.events import StopPropagation
|
|
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage)
|
|
async def _(event):
|
|
# ... some conditions
|
|
await event.delete()
|
|
|
|
# Other handlers won't have an event to work with
|
|
raise StopPropagation
|
|
|
|
@client.on(events.NewMessage)
|
|
async def _(event):
|
|
# Will never be reached, because it is the second handler
|
|
# in the chain.
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remember to check :ref:`telethon-events-package` if you're looking for
|
|
the methods reference.
|
|
|
|
|
|
__ https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/types/update.html
|