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752 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
752 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _telegram-client-example:
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========================
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Examples with the Client
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========================
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This section explores the methods defined in the :ref:`telegram-client`
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with some practical examples. The section assumes that you have imported
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the ``telethon.sync`` package and that you have a client ready to use.
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.. note::
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There are some very common errors (such as forgetting to add
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``import telethon.sync``) for newcomers to ``asyncio``:
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.. code-block:: python
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# AttributeError: 'coroutine' object has no attribute 'first_name'
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print(client.get_me().first_name)
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# TypeError: 'AsyncGenerator' object is not iterable
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for message in client.iter_messages('me'):
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...
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# RuntimeError: This event loop is already running
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with client.conversation('me') as conv:
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...
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That error means you're probably inside an ``async def`` so you
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need to use:
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.. code-block:: python
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print((await client.get_me()).first_name)
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async for message in client.iter_messages('me'):
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...
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async with client.conversation('me') as conv:
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...
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You can of course call other ``def`` functions from your ``async def``
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event handlers, but if they need making API calls, make your own
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functions ``async def`` so you can ``await`` things:
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.. code-block:: python
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async def helper(client):
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await client.send_message('me', 'Hi')
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If you're not inside an ``async def`` you can enter one like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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import asyncio
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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loop.run_until_complete(my_async_def())
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.. contents::
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Authorization
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*************
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Starting the client is as easy as calling `client.start()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.start>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.start()
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... # code using the client
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client.disconnect()
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And you can even use a ``with`` block:
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.. code-block:: python
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with client:
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... # code using the client
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.. note::
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Remember we assume you have ``import telethon.sync``. You can of course
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use the library without importing it. The code would be rewritten as:
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.. code-block:: python
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import asyncio
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loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
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async def main():
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await client.start()
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...
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await client.disconnect()
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# or
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async with client:
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...
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loop.run_until_complete(main())
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All methods that need access to the network (e.g. to make an API call)
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**must** be awaited (or their equivalent such as ``async for`` and
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``async with``). You can do this yourself or you can let the library
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do it for you by using ``import telethon.sync``. With event handlers,
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you must do this yourself.
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The cleanest way to delete your ``*.session`` file is `client.log_out
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.log_out>`. Note that you will obviously
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need to login again if you use this:
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.. code-block:: python
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# Logs out and deletes the session file; you will need to sign in again
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client.log_out()
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# You often simply want to disconnect. You will not need to sign in again
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client.disconnect()
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Group Chats
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***********
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You can easily iterate over all the :tl:`User` in a chat and
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do anything you want with them by using `client.iter_participants
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<telethon.client.chats.ChatMethods.iter_participants>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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for user in client.iter_participants(chat):
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... # do something with the user
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You can also search by their name:
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.. code-block:: python
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for user in client.iter_participants(chat, search='name'):
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...
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Or by their type (e.g. if they are admin) with :tl:`ChannelParticipantsFilter`:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.tl.types import ChannelParticipantsAdmins
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for user in client.iter_participants(chat, filter=ChannelParticipantsAdmins):
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...
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Open Conversations and Joined Channels
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**************************************
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The conversations you have open and the channels you have joined
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are in your "dialogs", so to get them you need to `client.get_dialogs
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<telethon.client.dialogs.DialogMethods.get_dialogs>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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dialogs = client.get_dialogs()
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first = dialogs[0]
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print(first.title)
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You can then use the dialog as if it were a peer:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_message(first, 'hi')
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You can access `dialog.draft <telethon.tl.custom.draft.Draft>` or you can
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get them all at once without getting the dialogs:
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.. code-block:: python
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drafts = client.get_drafts()
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Downloading Media
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*****************
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It's easy to `download_profile_photo
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<telethon.client.downloads.DownloadMethods.download_profile_photo>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.download_profile_photo(user)
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Or `download_media <telethon.client.downloads.DownloadMethods.download_media>`
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from a message:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.download_media(message)
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client.download_media(message, filename)
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# or
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message.download_media()
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message.download_media(filename)
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Remember that these methods return the final filename where the
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media was downloaded (e.g. it may add the extension automatically).
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Getting Messages
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****************
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You can easily iterate over all the `messages
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<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>` of a chat with `iter_messages
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<telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.iter_messages>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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for message in client.iter_messages(chat):
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... # do something with the message from recent to older
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for message in client.iter_messages(chat, reverse=True):
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... # going from the oldest to the most recent
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You can also use it to search for messages from a specific person:
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.. code-block:: python
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for message in client.iter_messages(chat, from_user='me'):
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...
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Or you can search by text:
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.. code-block:: python
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for message in client.iter_messages(chat, search='hello'):
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...
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Or you can search by media with a :tl:`MessagesFilter`:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.tl.types import InputMessagesFilterPhotos
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for message in client.iter_messages(chat, filter=InputMessagesFilterPhotos):
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...
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If you want a list instead, use the get variant. The second
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argument is the limit, and ``None`` means "get them all":
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.tl.types import InputMessagesFilterPhotos
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# Get 0 photos and print the total
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photos = client.get_messages(chat, 0, filter=InputMessagesFilterPhotos)
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print(photos.total)
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# Get all the photos
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photos = client.get_messages(chat, None, filter=InputMessagesFilterPhotos)
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Or just some IDs:
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.. code-block:: python
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message_1337 = client.get_messages(chats, ids=1337)
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Exporting Messages
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******************
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If you plan on exporting data from your Telegram account, such as the entire
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message history from your private conversations, chats or channels, or if you
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plan to download a lot of media, you may prefer to do this within a *takeout*
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session. Takeout sessions let you export data from your account with lower
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flood wait limits.
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To start a takeout session, simply call `client.takeout()
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<telethon.client.account.AccountMethods.takeout>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import errors
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try:
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with client.takeout() as takeout:
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for message in takeout.iter_messages(chat, wait_time=0):
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... # Do something with the message
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except errors.TakeoutInitDelayError as e:
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print('Must wait', e.seconds, 'before takeout')
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Depending on the condition of the session (for example, when it's very
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young and the method has not been called before), you may or not need
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to ``except errors.TakeoutInitDelayError``. However, it is good practice.
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Sending Messages
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****************
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Just use `send_message <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.send_message>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_message('lonami', 'Thanks for the Telethon library!')
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The function returns the `custom.Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`
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that was sent so you can do more things with it if you want.
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You can also `reply <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>` or
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`respond <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.respond>` to messages:
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.. code-block:: python
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message.reply('Hello')
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message.respond('World')
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Sending Markdown or HTML messages
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*********************************
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Markdown (``'md'`` or ``'markdown'``) is the default `parse_mode
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<telethon.client.messageparse.MessageParseMethods.parse_mode>`
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for the client. You can change the default parse mode like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.parse_mode = 'html'
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Now all messages will be formatted as HTML by default:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_message('me', 'Some <b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i> text')
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client.send_message('me', 'An <a href="https://example.com">URL</a>')
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client.send_message('me', '<code>code</code> and <pre>pre\nblocks</pre>')
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client.send_message('me', '<a href="tg://user?id=me">Mentions</a>')
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You can override the default parse mode to use for special cases:
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.. code-block:: python
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# No parse mode by default
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client.parse_mode = None
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# ...but here I want markdown
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client.send_message('me', 'Hello, **world**!', parse_mode='md')
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# ...and here I need HTML
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client.send_message('me', 'Hello, <i>world</i>!', parse_mode='html')
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The rules are the same as for Bot API, so please refer to
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https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#formatting-options.
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Sending Messages with Media
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***************************
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Sending media can be done with `send_file
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<telethon.client.uploads.UploadMethods.send_file>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(chat, '/my/photos/me.jpg', caption="It's me!")
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# or
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client.send_message(chat, "It's me!", file='/my/photos/me.jpg')
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You can send voice notes or round videos by setting the right arguments:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(chat, '/my/songs/song.mp3', voice_note=True)
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client.send_file(chat, '/my/videos/video.mp4', video_note=True)
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You can set a JPG thumbnail for any document:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(chat, '/my/documents/doc.txt', thumb='photo.jpg')
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You can force sending images as documents:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(chat, '/my/photos/photo.png', force_document=True)
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You can send albums if you pass more than one file:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(chat, [
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'/my/photos/holiday1.jpg',
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'/my/photos/holiday2.jpg',
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'/my/drawings/portrait.png'
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])
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The caption can also be a list to match the different photos.
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Reusing Uploaded Files
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**********************
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All files you send are automatically cached, so if you do:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(first_chat, 'document.txt')
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client.send_file(second_chat, 'document.txt')
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The ``'document.txt'`` file will only be uploaded once. You
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can disable this behaviour by settings ``allow_cache=False``:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_file(first_chat, 'document.txt', allow_cache=False)
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client.send_file(second_chat, 'document.txt', allow_cache=False)
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Disabling cache is the only way to send the same document with different
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attributes (for example, you send an ``.ogg`` as a song but now you want
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it to show as a voice note; you probably need to disable the cache).
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However, you can *upload* the file once (not sending it yet!), and *then*
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you can send it with different attributes. This means you can send an image
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as a photo and a document:
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.. code-block:: python
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file = client.upload_file('photo.jpg')
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client.send_file(chat, file) # sends as photo
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client.send_file(chat, file, force_document=True) # sends as document
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file.name = 'not a photo.jpg'
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client.send_file(chat, file, force_document=True) # document, new name
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Or, the example described before:
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.. code-block:: python
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file = client.upload_file('song.ogg')
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client.send_file(chat, file) # sends as song
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client.send_file(chat, file, voice_note=True) # sends as voice note
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The ``file`` returned by `client.upload_file
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<telethon.client.uploads.UploadMethods.upload_file>` represents the uploaded
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file, not an immutable document (that's why the attributes can change, because
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they are set later). This handle can be used only for a limited amount of time
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(somewhere within a day). Telegram decides this limit and it is not public.
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However, a day is often more than enough.
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Sending Messages with Buttons
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*****************************
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**You must sign in as a bot** in order to add inline buttons (or normal
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keyboards) to your messages. Once you have signed in as a bot specify
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the `Button <telethon.tl.custom.button.Button>` or buttons to use:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import events
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from telethon.tl.custom import Button
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@client.on(events.CallbackQuery)
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async def callback(event):
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await event.edit('Thank you for clicking {}!'.format(event.data))
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client.send_message(chat, 'A single button, with "clk1" as data',
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buttons=Button.inline('Click me', b'clk1'))
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client.send_message(chat, 'Pick one from this grid', buttons=[
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[Button.inline('Left'), Button.inline('Right')],
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[Button.url('Check this site!', 'https://lonamiwebs.github.io')]
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])
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You can also use normal buttons (not inline) to request the user's
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location, phone number, or simply for them to easily send a message:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_message(chat, 'Welcome', buttons=[
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Button.text('Thanks!', resize=True, single_use=True),
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Button.request_phone('Send phone'),
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Button.request_location('Send location')
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])
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Forcing a reply or removing the keyboard can also be done:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.send_message(chat, 'Reply to me', buttons=Button.force_reply())
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client.send_message(chat, 'Bye Keyboard!', buttons=Button.clear())
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Remember to check `Button <telethon.tl.custom.button.Button>` for more.
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Making Inline Queries
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*********************
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You can send messages ``via @bot`` by first making an inline query:
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.. code-block:: python
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results = client.inline_query('like', 'Do you like Telethon?')
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Then access the result you want and `click
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<telethon.tl.custom.inlineresult.InlineResult.click>` it in the chat
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where you want to send it to:
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.. code-block:: python
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message = results[0].click('TelethonOffTopic')
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Sending messages through inline bots lets you use buttons as a normal user.
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It can look a bit strange at first, but you can make inline queries in no
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chat in particular, and then click a *result* to send it to some chat.
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Clicking Buttons
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****************
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Let's `click <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.click>`
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the message we sent in the example above!
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.. code-block:: python
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message.click(0)
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This will click the first button in the message. You could also
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``click(row, column)``, using some text such as ``click(text='👍')``
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or even the data directly ``click(data=b'payload')``.
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Answering Inline Queries
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************************
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As a bot, you can answer to inline queries with `events.InlineQuery
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<telethon.events.inlinequery.InlineQuery>`. You should make use of the
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`builder <telethon.tl.custom.inlinebuilder.InlineBuilder>` property
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to conveniently build the list of results to show to the user. Remember
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to check the properties of the `InlineQuery.Event
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<telethon.events.inlinequery.InlineQuery.Event>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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@bot.on(events.InlineQuery)
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async def handler(event):
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builder = event.builder
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rev_text = event.text[::-1]
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await event.answer([
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builder.article('Reverse text', text=rev_text),
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builder.photo('/path/to/photo.jpg')
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])
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Conversations: Waiting for Messages or Replies
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**********************************************
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This one is really useful for unit testing your bots, which you can
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even write within Telethon itself! You can open a `Conversation
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<telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation>` in any chat as:
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.. code-block:: python
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with client.conversation(chat) as conv:
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...
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Conversations let you program a finite state machine with the
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higher-level constructs we are all used to, such as ``while``
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and ``if`` conditionals instead setting the state and jumping
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from one place to another which is less clean.
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For instance, let's imagine ``you`` are the bot talking to ``usr``:
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|
|
|
.. code-block:: text
|
|
|
|
<you> Hi!
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|
<usr> Hello!
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|
<you> Please tell me your name
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|
<usr> ?
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|
<you> Your name didn't have any letters! Try again
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|
<usr> Lonami
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|
<you> Thanks Lonami!
|
|
|
|
This can be programmed as follows:
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|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
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|
|
|
with bot.conversation(chat) as conv:
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|
conv.send_message('Hi!')
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hello = conv.get_response()
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|
|
|
conv.send_message('Please tell me your name')
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|
name = conv.get_response().raw_text
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while not any(x.isalpha() for x in name):
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|
conv.send_message("Your name didn't have any letters! Try again")
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name = conv.get_response().raw_text
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|
|
|
conv.send_message('Thanks {}!'.format(name))
|
|
|
|
Note how we sent a message **with the conversation**, not with the client.
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|
This is important so the conversation remembers what messages you sent.
|
|
|
|
The method reference for getting a response, getting a reply or marking
|
|
the conversation as read can be found by clicking here: `Conversation
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation>`.
|
|
|
|
Sending a message or getting a response returns a `Message
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`. Reading its documentation
|
|
will also be really useful!
|
|
|
|
If a reply never arrives or too many messages come in, getting
|
|
responses will raise ``asyncio.TimeoutError`` or ``ValueError``
|
|
respectively. You may want to ``except`` these and tell the user
|
|
they were too slow, or simply drop the conversation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forwarding Messages
|
|
*******************
|
|
|
|
You can forward up to 100 messages with `forward_messages
|
|
<telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.forward_messages>`,
|
|
or a single one if you have the message with `forward_to
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.forward_to>`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# a single one
|
|
client.forward_messages(chat, message)
|
|
# or
|
|
client.forward_messages(chat, message_id, from_chat)
|
|
# or
|
|
message.forward_to(chat)
|
|
|
|
# multiple
|
|
client.forward_messages(chat, messages)
|
|
# or
|
|
client.forward_messages(chat, message_ids, from_chat)
|
|
|
|
You can also "forward" messages without showing "Forwarded from" by
|
|
re-sending the message:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
client.send_message(chat, message)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Editing Messages
|
|
****************
|
|
|
|
With `edit_message <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.edit_message>`
|
|
or `message.edit <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.edit>`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
client.edit_message(message, 'New text')
|
|
# or
|
|
message.edit('New text')
|
|
# or
|
|
client.edit_message(chat, message_id, 'New text')
|
|
|
|
Deleting Messages
|
|
*****************
|
|
|
|
With `delete_messages <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.delete_messages>`
|
|
or `message.delete <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.delete>`. Note that the
|
|
first one supports deleting entire chats at once!:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
client.delete_messages(chat, messages)
|
|
# or
|
|
message.delete()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marking Messages as Read
|
|
************************
|
|
|
|
Marking messages up to a certain point as read with `send_read_acknowledge
|
|
<telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.send_read_acknowledge>`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
client.send_read_acknowledge(last_message)
|
|
# or
|
|
client.send_read_acknowledge(last_message_id)
|
|
# or
|
|
client.send_read_acknowledge(messages)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Getting Entities
|
|
****************
|
|
|
|
Entities are users, chats, or channels. You can get them by their ID if
|
|
you have seen them before (e.g. you probably need to get all dialogs or
|
|
all the members from a chat first):
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
from telethon import utils
|
|
|
|
me = client.get_entity('me')
|
|
print(utils.get_display_name(me))
|
|
|
|
chat = client.get_input_entity('username')
|
|
for message in client.iter_messages(chat):
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
# Note that you could have used the username directly, but it's
|
|
# good to use get_input_entity if you will reuse it a lot.
|
|
for message in client.iter_messages('username'):
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
# Note that for this to work the phone number must be in your contacts
|
|
some_id = client.get_peer_id('+34123456789')
|
|
|
|
The documentation for shown methods are `get_entity
|
|
<telethon.client.users.UserMethods.get_entity>`, `get_input_entity
|
|
<telethon.client.users.UserMethods.get_input_entity>` and `get_peer_id
|
|
<telethon.client.users.UserMethods.get_peer_id>`.
|
|
|
|
Note that the utils package also has a `get_peer_id
|
|
<telethon.utils.get_peer_id>` but it won't work with things
|
|
that need access to the network such as usernames or phones,
|
|
which need to be in your contact list.
|
|
|
|
Getting the Admin Log
|
|
*********************
|
|
|
|
If you're an administrator in a channel or megagroup, then you have access
|
|
to the admin log. This is a list of events within the last 48 hours of
|
|
different actions, such as joining or leaving members, edited or deleted
|
|
messages, new promotions, bans or restrictions.
|
|
|
|
You can iterate over all the available actions like so:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
for event in client.iter_admin_log(channel):
|
|
if event.changed_title:
|
|
print('The title changed from', event.old, 'to', event.new)
|
|
|
|
You can also filter to only show some text or actions.
|
|
Let's find people who swear to ban them:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# Get a list of deleted message events which said "heck"
|
|
events = client.get_admin_log(channel, search='heck', delete=True)
|
|
|
|
# Print the old message before it was deleted
|
|
print(events[0].old)
|
|
|
|
You can find here the documentation for `client.iter_admin_log
|
|
<telethon.client.chats.ChatMethods.iter_admin_log>`, and be sure
|
|
to also check the properties of the returned `AdminLogEvent
|
|
<telethon.tl.custom.adminlogevent.AdminLogEvent>` to know what
|
|
you can access.
|