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ReStructuredText
147 lines
5.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _accessing-the-full-api:
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======================
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Accessing the Full API
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======================
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.. important::
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While you have access to this, you should always use the friendly
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methods listed on :ref:`telethon-package` unless you have a better
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reason not to, like a method not existing or you wanting more control.
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The ``TelegramClient`` doesn't offer a method for every single request
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the Telegram API supports. However, it's very simple to *call* or *invoke*
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any request. Whenever you need something, don't forget to `check the
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documentation`__ and look for the `method you need`__. There you can go
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through a sorted list of everything you can do.
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.. note::
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The reason to keep both https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon and this
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documentation alive is that the former allows instant search results
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as you type, and a "Copy import" button. If you like namespaces, you
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can also do ``from telethon.tl import types, functions``. Both work.
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You should also refer to the documentation to see what the objects
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(constructors) Telegram returns look like. Every constructor inherits
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from a common type, and that's the reason for this distinction.
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Say ``client.send_message()`` didn't exist, we could use the `search`__
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to look for "message". There we would find :tl:`SendMessageRequest`,
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which we can work with.
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Every request is a Python class, and has the parameters needed for you
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to invoke it. You can also call ``help(request)`` for information on
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what input parameters it takes. Remember to "Copy import to the
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clipboard", or your script won't be aware of this class! Now we have:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.tl.functions.messages import SendMessageRequest
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If you're going to use a lot of these, you may do:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.tl import types, functions
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# We now have access to 'functions.messages.SendMessageRequest'
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We see that this request must take at least two parameters, a ``peer``
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of type :tl:`InputPeer`, and a ``message`` which is just a Python
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``str``\ ing.
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How can we retrieve this :tl:`InputPeer`? We have two options. We manually
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construct one, for instance:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.tl.types import InputPeerUser
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peer = InputPeerUser(user_id, user_hash)
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Or we call ``.get_input_entity()``:
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.. code-block:: python
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peer = client.get_input_entity('someone')
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When you're going to invoke an API method, most require you to pass an
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:tl:`InputUser`, :tl:`InputChat`, or so on, this is why using
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``.get_input_entity()`` is more straightforward (and often
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immediate, if you've seen the user before, know their ID, etc.).
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If you also need to have information about the whole user, use
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``.get_entity()`` instead:
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.. code-block:: python
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entity = client.get_entity('someone')
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In the later case, when you use the entity, the library will cast it to
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its "input" version for you. If you already have the complete user and
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want to cache its input version so the library doesn't have to do this
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every time its used, simply call ``.get_input_peer``:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import utils
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peer = utils.get_input_user(entity)
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.. note::
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Since ``v0.16.2`` this is further simplified. The ``Request`` itself
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will call ``client.get_input_entity()`` for you when required, but
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it's good to remember what's happening.
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After this small parenthesis about ``.get_entity`` versus
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``.get_input_entity``, we have everything we need. To ``.invoke()`` our
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request we do:
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.. code-block:: python
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result = client(SendMessageRequest(peer, 'Hello there!'))
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# __call__ is an alias for client.invoke(request). Both will work
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Message sent! Of course, this is only an example. There are nearly 250
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methods available as of layer 73, and you can use every single of them
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as you wish. Remember to use the right types! To sum up:
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.. code-block:: python
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result = client(SendMessageRequest(
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client.get_input_entity('username'), 'Hello there!'
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))
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This can further be simplified to:
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.. code-block:: python
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result = client(SendMessageRequest('username', 'Hello there!'))
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# Or even
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result = client(SendMessageRequest(PeerChannel(id), 'Hello there!'))
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.. note::
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Note that some requests have a "hash" parameter. This is **not**
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your ``api_hash``! It likely isn't your self-user ``.access_hash`` either.
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It's a special hash used by Telegram to only send a difference of new data
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that you don't already have with that request, so you can leave it to 0,
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and it should work (which means no hash is known yet).
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For those requests having a "limit" parameter, you can often set it to
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zero to signify "return default amount". This won't work for all of them
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though, for instance, in "messages.search" it will actually return 0 items.
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__ https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon
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__ https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/methods/index.html
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__ https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/?q=message&redirect=no
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