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187 lines
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ReStructuredText
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187 lines
9.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
Executable File
Telethon
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========
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**Telethon** is Telegram client implementation in Python which uses the latest available API of Telegram.
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The project's **core only** is based on TLSharp, a C# Telegram client implementation.
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.. contents:: Table of contents
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Why Telethon?
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=============
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.. epigraph::
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Why should I bother with Telethon? There are more mature projects already, such as
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`telegram-cli <https://github.com/vysheng/tg>`_ with even (limited) Python support. And we have the
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`official <https://github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop>`_ `clients <https://github.com/DrKLO/Telegram>`_!
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With Telethon you don't really need to know anything before using it. Create a client with your settings.
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Connect. You're ready to go.
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Being written **entirely** on Python, Telethon can run as a script under any environment you wish, (yes,
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`Android too <https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=termux&fdid=com.termux>`_). You can schedule it,
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or use it in any other script you have. Want to send a message to someone when you're available? Write a script.
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Do you want check for new messages at a given time and find relevant ones? Write a script.
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Hungry for more API calls which the :code:`TelegramClient` class doesn't *seem* to have implemented?
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Please read [this section](#using-more-than-just-telegramclient).
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Obtaining your Telegram :code:`API ID` and :code:`Hash`
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=======================================================
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In order to use Telethon, you first need to obtain your very own API ID and Hash:
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1. Follow `this link <https://my.telegram.org>`_ and login with your phone number.
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2. Click under *API Development tools*.
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3. A *Create new application* window will appear. Fill in your application details.
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There is no need to enter any *URL*, and only the first two fields (*App title* and *Short name*)
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can be changed later as long as I'm aware.
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4. Click on *Create application* at the end.
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Now that you know your :code:`API ID` and :code:`Hash`, you can continue installing Telethon.
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Installing Telethon
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===================
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Installing Telethon via :code:`pip`
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-----------------------------------
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On a terminal, issue the following command:
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.. code:: sh
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sudo -H pip install telethon
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You're ready to go.
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Installing Telethon manually
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----------------------------
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1. Install the required :code:`pyaes` module: :code:`sudo -H pip install pyaes`
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(`GitHub <https://github.com/ricmoo/pyaes>`_, `package index <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyaes>`_)
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2. Clone Telethon's GitHub repository: :code:`git clone https://github.com/LonamiWebs/Telethon.git`
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3. Enter the cloned repository: :code:`cd Telethon`
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4. Run the code generator: :code:`python3 telethon_generator/tl_generator.py`
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5. Done!
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Running Telethon
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================
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If you've installed Telethon via pip, launch an interactive python3 session and enter the following:
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.. code:: python
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>>> from telethon import InteractiveTelegramClient
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>>> # 'sessionid' can be 'yourname'. It'll be saved as yourname.session
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>>> # Also (obviously) replace the api_id and api_hash with your values
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...
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>>> client = InteractiveTelegramClient('sessionid', '+34600000000',
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... api_id=12345, api_hash='0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef')
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Initialization │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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Initializing interactive example...
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Connecting to Telegram servers...
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>>> client.run()
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If, on the other hand, you've installed Telethon manually, head to the :code:`api/` directory and create a
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copy of the :code:`settings_example` file, naming it :code:`settings` (lowercase!). Then fill the file with the
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corresponding values (your :code:`api_id`, :code:`api_hash` and phone number in international format).
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Then, simply run :code:`python3 try_telethon.py` to start the interactive example.
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Advanced uses
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=============
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Using more than just `TelegramClient`
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-------------------------------------
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The :code:`TelegramClient` class should be used to provide a quick, well-documented and simplified starting point.
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It is **not** meant to be a place for _all_ the available Telegram :code:`Request`'s, because there are simply too many.
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However, this doesn't mean that you cannot :code:`invoke` all the power of Telegram's API.
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Whenever you need to :code:`invoke` a Telegram :code:`Request`, all you need to do is the following:
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.. code:: python
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result = client.invoke(SomeRequest(...))
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You have just :code:`invoke`'d :code:`SomeRequest` and retrieved its :code:`result`! That wasn't hard at all, was it?
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Now you may wonder, what's the deal with *all the power of Telegram's API*? Have a look under :code:`tl/functions/`.
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That is *everything* you can do. You have **over 200 API `Request`'s** at your disposal.
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However, we don't pretty know *how* that :code:`result` looks like. Easy. :code:`print(str(result))` should
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give you a quick overview. Nevertheless, there may be more than a single :code:`result`! Let's have a look at
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this seemingly innocent :code:`TL` definition:
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`messages.getWebPagePreview#25223e24 message:string = MessageMedia;`
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Focusing on the end, we can see that the `result` of invoking `GetWebPagePreviewRequest` is `MessageMedia`. But how
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can `MessageMedia` exactly look like? It's time to have another look, but this time under `tl/types/`:
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.. code:: sh
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$ tree -P "message_media_*"
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.
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├── tl
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│ └── types
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│ ├── message_media_contact.py
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│ ├── message_media_document.py
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│ ├── message_media_empty.py
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│ ├── message_media_geo.py
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│ ├── message_media_photo.py
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│ ├── message_media_unsupported.py
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│ ├── message_media_venue.py
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│ └── message_media_web_page.py
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Those are *eight* different types! How do we know what exact type it is to determine its properties? A simple
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:code:`if type(result) == MessageMediaContact:` or similar will do. Now you're ready to take advantage of
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Telegram's polymorphism.
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Tips for porting Telethon
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-------------------------
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First of all, you need to understand how the :code:`scheme.tl` (:code:`TL` language) works. Every object
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definition is written as follows:
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:code:`name#id argument_name:argument_type = CommonType`
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This means that in a single line you know what the :code:`TLObject` name is. You know it's unique ID, and you
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know what arguments it has. It really isn't that hard to write a generator for generating code to any platform!
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The generated code should also be able to *encode* the :code:`Request` into bytes, so they can be sent over
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the network. This isn't a big deal either, because you know how the :code:`TLObject`'s are made.
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Once you have your own [code generator](telethon_generator/tl_generator.py), start by looking at the
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`first release <https://github.com/LonamiWebs/Telethon/releases/tag/v0.1>`_ of Telethon.
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The code there is simple to understand, easy to read and hence easy to port. No extra useless features.
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Only the bare bones. Perfect for starting a *new implementation*.
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P.S.: I may have lied a bit. The :code:`TL` language is not that easy. But it's not that hard either.
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You're free to sniff the :code:`parser/` files and learn how to parse other more complex lines.
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Or simply use that code and change the [SourceBuilder](telethon_generator/parser/source_builder.py)!
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Code generator limitations
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--------------------------
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The current code generator is not complete, yet adding the missing features would only over-complicate an
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already hard-to-read code. Some parts of the :code:`.tl` file *should* be omitted, because they're "built-in"
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in the generated code (such as writing booleans, etc.).
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In order to make sure that all the generated files will work, please make sure to **always** comment out these
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lines in :code:`scheme.tl` (the latest version can always be found
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`here <https://github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop/blob/master/Telegram/SourceFiles/mtproto/scheme.tl>`_):
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.. code:: c
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// boolFalse#bc799737 = Bool;
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// boolTrue#997275b5 = Bool;
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// true#3fedd339 = True;
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// vector#1cb5c415 {t:Type} # [ t ] = Vector t;
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Also please make sure to rename :code:`updates#74ae4240 ...` to :code:`updates_tg#74ae4240 ...` or similar to
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avoid confusion between the :code:`updates` folder and the :code:`updates.py` file! Note that depending on the name,
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it may break things somewhere else. So please stick with the suggested name or give one which is still descriptive
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enough and easy to remember.
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Updating the :code:`scheme.tl`
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------------------------------
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Have you found a more updated version of the :code:`scheme.tl` file? Those are great news! Updating is as simple
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as grabbing the
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`latest version <https://github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop/blob/master/Telegram/SourceFiles/mtproto/scheme.tl>`_
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and replacing the one you can find in this same directory by the updated one.
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Don't forget to run :code:`python3 tl_generator.py`.
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If the changes weren't too big, everything should still work the same way as it did before; but with extra features.
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