mirror of
https://github.com/LonamiWebs/Telethon.git
synced 2024-11-15 05:56:36 +03:00
152 lines
6.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
152 lines
6.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _entities:
|
|
|
|
=========================
|
|
Users, Chats and Channels
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Introduction
|
|
************
|
|
|
|
The library widely uses the concept of "entities". An entity will refer
|
|
to any :tl:`User`, :tl:`Chat` or :tl:`Channel` object that the API may return
|
|
in response to certain methods, such as :tl:`GetUsersRequest`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
When something "entity-like" is required, it means that you need to
|
|
provide something that can be turned into an entity. These things include,
|
|
but are not limited to, usernames, exact titles, IDs, :tl:`Peer` objects,
|
|
or even entire :tl:`User`, :tl:`Chat` and :tl:`Channel` objects and even
|
|
phone numbers from people you have in your contacts.
|
|
|
|
To "encounter" an ID, you would have to "find it" like you would in the
|
|
normal app. If the peer is in your dialogs, you would need to
|
|
`client.get_dialogs() <telethon.telegram_client.TelegramClient.get_dialogs>`.
|
|
If the peer is someone in a group, you would similarly
|
|
`client.get_participants(group) <telethon.telegram_client.TelegramClient.get_participants>`.
|
|
|
|
Once you have encountered an ID, the library will (by default) have saved
|
|
their ``access_hash`` for you, which is needed to invoke most methods.
|
|
This is why sometimes you might encounter this error when working with
|
|
the library. You should ``except ValueError`` and run code that you know
|
|
should work to find the entity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Getting entities
|
|
****************
|
|
|
|
Through the use of the :ref:`sessions`, the library will automatically
|
|
remember the ID and hash pair, along with some extra information, so
|
|
you're able to just do this:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# Dialogs are the "conversations you have open".
|
|
# This method returns a list of Dialog, which
|
|
# has the .entity attribute and other information.
|
|
dialogs = client.get_dialogs()
|
|
|
|
# All of these work and do the same.
|
|
lonami = client.get_entity('lonami')
|
|
lonami = client.get_entity('t.me/lonami')
|
|
lonami = client.get_entity('https://telegram.dog/lonami')
|
|
|
|
# Other kind of entities.
|
|
channel = client.get_entity('telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAEkk2WdoDrB4-Q8-gg')
|
|
contact = client.get_entity('+34xxxxxxxxx')
|
|
friend = client.get_entity(friend_id)
|
|
|
|
# Getting entities through their ID (User, Chat or Channel)
|
|
entity = client.get_entity(some_id)
|
|
|
|
# You can be more explicit about the type for said ID by wrapping
|
|
# it inside a Peer instance. This is recommended but not necessary.
|
|
from telethon.tl.types import PeerUser, PeerChat, PeerChannel
|
|
|
|
my_user = client.get_entity(PeerUser(some_id))
|
|
my_chat = client.get_entity(PeerChat(some_id))
|
|
my_channel = client.get_entity(PeerChannel(some_id))
|
|
|
|
|
|
All methods in the :ref:`telegram-client` call ``.get_input_entity()`` prior
|
|
to sending the requst to save you from the hassle of doing so manually.
|
|
That way, convenience calls such as ``client.send_message('lonami', 'hi!')``
|
|
become possible.
|
|
|
|
Every entity the library encounters (in any response to any call) will by
|
|
default be cached in the ``.session`` file (an SQLite database), to avoid
|
|
performing unnecessary API calls. If the entity cannot be found, additonal
|
|
calls like :tl:`ResolveUsernameRequest` or :tl:`GetContactsRequest` may be
|
|
made to obtain the required information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Entities vs. Input Entities
|
|
***************************
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Don't worry if you don't understand this section, just remember some
|
|
of the details listed here are important. When you're calling a method,
|
|
don't call ``.get_entity()`` beforehand, just use the username or phone,
|
|
or the entity retrieved by other means like ``.get_dialogs()``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
On top of the normal types, the API also make use of what they call their
|
|
``Input*`` versions of objects. The input version of an entity (e.g.
|
|
:tl:`InputPeerUser`, :tl:`InputChat`, etc.) only contains the minimum
|
|
information that's required from Telegram to be able to identify
|
|
who you're referring to: a :tl:`Peer`'s **ID** and **hash**.
|
|
|
|
This ID/hash pair is unique per user, so if you use the pair given by another
|
|
user **or bot** it will **not** work.
|
|
|
|
To save *even more* bandwidth, the API also makes use of the :tl:`Peer`
|
|
versions, which just have an ID. This serves to identify them, but
|
|
peers alone are not enough to use them. You need to know their hash
|
|
before you can "use them".
|
|
|
|
As we just mentioned, API calls don't need to know the whole information
|
|
about the entities, only their ID and hash. For this reason, another method,
|
|
``.get_input_entity()`` is available. This will always use the cache while
|
|
possible, making zero API calls most of the time. When a request is made,
|
|
if you provided the full entity, e.g. an :tl:`User`, the library will convert
|
|
it to the required :tl:`InputPeer` automatically for you.
|
|
|
|
**You should always favour** ``.get_input_entity()`` **over** ``.get_entity()``
|
|
for this reason! Calling the latter will always make an API call to get
|
|
the most recent information about said entity, but invoking requests don't
|
|
need this information, just the ``InputPeer``. Only use ``.get_entity()``
|
|
if you need to get actual information, like the username, name, title, etc.
|
|
of the entity.
|
|
|
|
To further simplify the workflow, since the version ``0.16.2`` of the
|
|
library, the raw requests you make to the API are also able to call
|
|
``.get_input_entity`` wherever needed, so you can even do things like:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
client(SendMessageRequest('username', 'hello'))
|
|
|
|
The library will call the ``.resolve()`` method of the request, which will
|
|
resolve ``'username'`` with the appropriated :tl:`InputPeer`. Don't worry if
|
|
you don't get this yet, but remember some of the details here are important.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full entities
|
|
*************
|
|
|
|
In addition to :tl:`PeerUser`, :tl:`InputPeerUser`, :tl:`User` (and its
|
|
variants for chats and channels), there is also the concept of :tl:`UserFull`.
|
|
|
|
This full variant has additional information such as whether the user is
|
|
blocked, its notification settings, the bio or about of the user, etc.
|
|
|
|
There is also :tl:`messages.ChatFull` which is the equivalent of full entities
|
|
for chats and channels, with also the about section of the channel. Note that
|
|
the ``users`` field only contains bots for the channel (so that clients can
|
|
suggest commands to use).
|
|
|
|
You can get both of these by invoking :tl:`GetFullUser`, :tl:`GetFullChat`
|
|
and :tl:`GetFullChannel` respectively.
|