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160 lines
4.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
160 lines
4.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
=======
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Updates
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=======
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Updates are an important topic in a messaging platform like Telegram.
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After all, you want to be notified when a new message arrives, when
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a member joins, when someone starts typing, etc.
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For that, you can use **events**.
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.. important::
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It is strongly advised to enable logging when working with events,
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since exceptions in event handlers are hidden by default. Please
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add the following snippet to the very top of your file:
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.. code-block:: python
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import logging
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logging.basicConfig(format='[%(levelname) 5s/%(asctime)s] %(name)s: %(message)s',
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level=logging.WARNING)
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Getting Started
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===============
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Let's start things with an example to automate replies:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import TelegramClient, events
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client = TelegramClient('anon', api_id, api_hash)
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@client.on(events.NewMessage)
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async def my_event_handler(event):
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if 'hello' in event.raw_text:
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await event.reply('hi!')
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client.start()
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client.run_until_disconnected()
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This code isn't much, but there might be some things unclear.
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Let's break it down:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import TelegramClient, events
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client = TelegramClient('anon', api_id, api_hash)
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This is normal creation (of course, pass session name, API ID and hash).
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Nothing we don't know already.
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.. code-block:: python
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@client.on(events.NewMessage)
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This Python decorator will attach itself to the ``my_event_handler``
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definition, and basically means that *on* a `NewMessage
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<telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage>` *event*,
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the callback function you're about to define will be called:
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.. code-block:: python
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async def my_event_handler(event):
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if 'hello' in event.raw_text:
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await event.reply('hi!')
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If a `NewMessage
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<telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage>` event occurs,
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and ``'hello'`` is in the text of the message, we `reply()
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<telethon.tl.custom.message.Message.reply>` to the event
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with a ``'hi!'`` message.
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.. note::
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Event handlers **must** be ``async def``. After all,
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Telethon is an asynchronous library based on `asyncio`,
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which is a safer and often faster approach to threads.
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You **must** ``await`` all method calls that use
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network requests, which is most of them.
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More Examples
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=============
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Replying to messages with hello is fun, but, can we do more?
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.. code-block:: python
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@client.on(events.NewMessage(outgoing=True, pattern=r'\.save'))
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async def handler(event):
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if event.is_reply:
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replied = await event.get_reply_message()
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sender = replied.sender
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await client.download_profile_photo(sender)
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await event.respond('Saved your photo {}'.format(sender.username))
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We could also get replies. This event filters outgoing messages
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(only those that we send will trigger the method), then we filter
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by the regex ``r'\.save'``, which will match messages starting
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with ``".save"``.
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Inside the method, we check whether the event is replying to another message
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or not. If it is, we get the reply message and the sender of that message,
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and download their profile photo.
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Let's delete messages which contain "heck". We don't allow swearing here.
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.. code-block:: python
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@client.on(events.NewMessage(pattern=r'(?i).*heck'))
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async def handler(event):
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await event.delete()
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With the ``r'(?i).*heck'`` regex, we match case-insensitive
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"heck" anywhere in the message. Regex is very powerful and you
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can learn more at https://regexone.com/.
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So far, we have only seen the `NewMessage
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<telethon.events.newmessage.NewMessage>`, but there are many more
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which will be covered later. This is only a small introduction to updates.
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Entities
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========
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When you need the user or chat where an event occurred, you **must** use
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the following methods:
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.. code-block:: python
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async def handler(event):
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# Good
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chat = await event.get_chat()
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sender = await event.get_sender()
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chat_id = event.chat_id
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sender_id = event.sender_id
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# BAD. Don't do this
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chat = event.chat
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sender = event.sender
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chat_id = event.chat.id
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sender_id = event.sender.id
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Events are like messages, but don't have all the information a message has!
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When you manually get a message, it will have all the information it needs.
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When you receive an update about a message, it **won't** have all the
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information, so you have to **use the methods**, not the properties.
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Make sure you understand the code seen here before continuing!
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As a rule of thumb, remember that new message events behave just
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like message objects, so you can do with them everything you can
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do with a message object.
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