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264 lines
8.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
264 lines
8.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _creating-a-client:
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=================
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Creating a Client
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=================
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Before working with Telegram's API, you need to get your own API ID and hash:
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1. Follow `this link <https://my.telegram.org/>`_ and login with your
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phone number.
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2. Click under API Development tools.
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3. A *Create new application* window will appear. Fill in your application
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details. There is no need to enter any *URL*, and only the first two
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fields (*App title* and *Short name*) can currently be changed later.
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4. Click on *Create application* at the end. Remember that your
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**API hash is secret** and Telegram won't let you revoke it.
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Don't post it anywhere!
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Once that's ready, the next step is to create a ``TelegramClient``.
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This class will be your main interface with Telegram's API, and creating
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one is very simple:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import TelegramClient, sync
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# Use your own values here
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api_id = 12345
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api_hash = '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef'
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client = TelegramClient('some_name', api_id, api_hash)
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Note that ``'some_name'`` will be used to save your session (persistent
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information such as access key and others) as ``'some_name.session'`` in
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your disk. This is by default a database file using Python's ``sqlite3``.
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.. note::
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It's important that the library always accesses the same session file so
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that you don't need to re-send the code over and over again. By default it
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creates the file in your working directory, but absolute paths work too.
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Once you have a client ready, simply `.start()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.start>` it:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.start()
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This line connects to Telegram, checks whether the current user is
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authorized or not, and if it's not, it begins the login or sign up process.
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When you're done with your code, you should always disconnect:
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.. code-block:: python
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client = TelegramClient(...)
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try:
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client.start()
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... # your code here
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finally:
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client.disconnect()
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You can also use a ``with`` block to achieve the same effect:
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.. code-block:: python
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client = TelegramClient(...)
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with client:
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... # your code here
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# or
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with TelegramClient(...) as client:
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... # your code here
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Wrapping it all together:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import TelegramClient, sync
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with TelegramClient('session_name', api_id, api_hash) as client:
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... # your code
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Just two setup lines.
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.. warning::
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Please note that if you fail to login around 5 times (or change the first
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parameter of the :ref:`TelegramClient <telethon-client>`, which is the session
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name) you will receive a ``FloodWaitError`` of around 22 hours, so be
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careful not to mess this up! This shouldn't happen if you're doing things
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as explained, though.
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.. note::
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If you want to use a **proxy**, you have to `install PySocks`__
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(via pip or manual) and then set the appropriated parameters:
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.. code-block:: python
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import socks
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client = TelegramClient('session_id',
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api_id=12345, api_hash='0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
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proxy=(socks.SOCKS5, 'localhost', 4444)
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)
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The ``proxy=`` argument should be a tuple, a list or a dict,
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consisting of parameters described `here`__.
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Manually Signing In
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*******************
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.. note::
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Skip this unless you need more control when connecting.
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If you need more control, you can replicate what `client.start()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.start>` is doing behind the scenes
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for your convenience. The first step is to connect to the servers:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.connect()
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You may or may not be authorized yet. You must be authorized
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before you're able to send any request:
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.. code-block:: python
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client.is_user_authorized() # Returns True if you can send requests
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If you're not authorized, you need to `.sign_in
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.sign_in>`:
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.. code-block:: python
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phone_number = '+34600000000'
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client.send_code_request(phone_number)
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myself = client.sign_in(phone_number, input('Enter code: '))
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# If .sign_in raises PhoneNumberUnoccupiedError, use .sign_up instead
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# If .sign_in raises SessionPasswordNeeded error, call .sign_in(password=...)
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# You can import both exceptions from telethon.errors.
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.. note::
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If you send the code that Telegram sent you over the app through the
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app itself, it will expire immediately. You can still send the code
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through the app by "obfuscating" it (maybe add a magic constant, like
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``12345``, and then subtract it to get the real code back) or any other
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technique.
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``myself`` is your Telegram user. You can view all the information about
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yourself by doing ``print(myself.stringify())``. You're now ready to use
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the client as you wish! Remember that any object returned by the API has
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mentioned ``.stringify()`` method, and printing these might prove useful.
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As a full example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon import TelegramClient, sync
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client = TelegramClient('session_name', api_id, api_hash)
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client.connect()
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if not client.is_user_authorized():
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client.send_code_request(phone_number)
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me = client.sign_in(phone_number, input('Enter code: '))
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Remember that this is the manual process and it's so much easier
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to use the code snippets shown at the beginning of the page.
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The code shown is just what `.start()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.start>` will be doing behind the scenes
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(with a few extra checks), so that you know how to sign in case you want
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to avoid using ``input()`` (the default) for whatever reason. If no phone
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or bot token is provided, you will be asked one through ``input()``. The
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method also accepts a ``phone=`` and ``bot_token`` parameters.
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You can use either, as both will work. Determining which
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is just a matter of taste, and how much control you need.
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Remember that you can get yourself at any time with `client.get_me()
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<telethon.client.users.UserMethods.get_me>`.
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Two Factor Authorization (2FA)
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------------------------------
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If you have Two Factor Authorization (from now on, 2FA) enabled on your
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account, calling `.sign_in()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.sign_in>` will raise a
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``SessionPasswordNeededError``. When this happens, just use the method
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again with a ``password=``:
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.. code-block:: python
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import getpass
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from telethon.errors import SessionPasswordNeededError
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client.sign_in(phone)
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try:
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client.sign_in(code=input('Enter code: '))
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except SessionPasswordNeededError:
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client.sign_in(password=getpass.getpass())
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The mentioned `.start()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.start>` method will handle this for you as
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well, but you must set the ``password=`` parameter beforehand (it won't be
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asked).
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If you don't have 2FA enabled, but you would like to do so through the
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library, use `client.edit_2fa()
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<telethon.client.auth.AuthMethods.edit_2fa>`.
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Be sure to know what you're doing when using this function and
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you won't run into any problems. Take note that if you want to
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set only the email/hint and leave the current password unchanged,
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you need to "redo" the 2fa.
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See the examples below:
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.. code-block:: python
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from telethon.errors import EmailUnconfirmedError
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# Sets 2FA password for first time:
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client.edit_2fa(new_password='supersecurepassword')
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# Changes password:
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client.edit_2fa(current_password='supersecurepassword',
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new_password='changedmymind')
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# Clears current password (i.e. removes 2FA):
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client.edit_2fa(current_password='changedmymind', new_password=None)
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# Sets new password with recovery email:
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try:
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client.edit_2fa(new_password='memes and dreams',
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email='JohnSmith@example.com')
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# Raises error (you need to check your email to complete 2FA setup.)
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except EmailUnconfirmedError:
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# You can put email checking code here if desired.
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pass
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# Also take note that unless you remove 2FA or explicitly
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# give email parameter again it will keep the last used setting
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# Set hint after already setting password:
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client.edit_2fa(current_password='memes and dreams',
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new_password='memes and dreams',
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hint='It keeps you alive')
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__ https://github.com/Anorov/PySocks#installation
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__ https://github.com/Anorov/PySocks#usage-1
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