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104 lines
3.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
104 lines
3.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _telegram-client:
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==============
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TelegramClient
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==============
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Introduction
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************
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.. note::
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Check the :ref:`telethon-package` if you're looking for the methods
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reference instead of this tutorial.
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The ``TelegramClient`` is the central class of the library, the one
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you will be using most of the time. For this reason, it's important
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to know what it offers.
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Since we're working with Python, one must not forget that we can do
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``help(client)`` or ``help(TelegramClient)`` at any time for a more
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detailed description and a list of all the available methods. Calling
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``help()`` from an interactive Python session will always list all the
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methods for any object, even yours!
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Interacting with the Telegram API is done through sending **requests**,
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this is, any "method" listed on the API. There are a few methods (and
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growing!) on the ``TelegramClient`` class that abstract you from the
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need of manually importing the requests you need.
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For instance, retrieving your own user can be done in a single line:
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``myself = client.get_me()``
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Internally, this method has sent a request to Telegram, who replied with
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the information about your own user, and then the desired information
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was extracted from their response.
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If you want to retrieve any other user, chat or channel (channels are a
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special subset of chats), you want to retrieve their "entity". This is
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how the library refers to either of these:
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.. code-block:: python
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# The method will infer that you've passed an username
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# It also accepts phone numbers, and will get the user
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# from your contact list.
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lonami = client.get_entity('lonami')
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The so called "entities" are another important whole concept on its own,
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but for now you don't need to worry about it. Simply know that they are
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a good way to get information about an user, chat or channel.
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Many other common methods for quick scripts are also available:
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.. code-block:: python
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# Note that you can use 'me' or 'self' to message yourself
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client.send_message('username', 'Hello World from Telethon!')
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# .send_message's parse mode defaults to markdown, so you
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# can use **bold**, __italics__, [links](https://example.com), `code`,
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# and even [mentions](@username)/[mentions](tg://user?id=123456789)
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client.send_message('username', '**Using** __markdown__ `too`!')
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client.send_file('username', '/home/myself/Pictures/holidays.jpg')
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# The utils package has some goodies, like .get_display_name()
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from telethon import utils
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for message in client.get_message_history('username', limit=10):
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print(utils.get_display_name(message.sender), message.message)
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# Dialogs are the conversations you have open
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for dialog in client.get_dialogs(limit=10):
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print(utils.get_display_name(dialog.entity), dialog.draft.message)
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# Default path is the working directory
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client.download_profile_photo('username')
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# Call .disconnect() when you're done
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client.disconnect()
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Remember that you can call ``.stringify()`` to any object Telegram returns
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to pretty print it. Calling ``str(result)`` does the same operation, but on
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a single line.
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Available methods
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*****************
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The :ref:`reference <telethon-package>` lists all the "handy" methods
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available for you to use in the ``TelegramClient`` class. These are simply
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wrappers around the "raw" Telegram API, making it much more manageable and
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easier to work with.
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Please refer to :ref:`accessing-the-full-api` if these aren't enough,
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and don't be afraid to read the source code of the InteractiveTelegramClient_
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or even the TelegramClient_ itself to learn how it works.
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See the mentioned :ref:`telethon-package` to find the available methods.
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.. _InteractiveTelegramClient: https://github.com/LonamiWebs/Telethon/blob/master/telethon_examples/interactive_telegram_client.py
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.. _TelegramClient: https://github.com/LonamiWebs/Telethon/blob/master/telethon/telegram_client.py
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