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Destroyed Retrieving an entity (markdown)

Lonami 2018-06-25 09:29:06 +02:00
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Retrieving-an-entity.md

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An "entity" is used to refer to either an [`User`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/types/user.html) or a [`Chat`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/types/chat.html) (which includes a [`Channel`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/constructors/channel.html)). The most straightforward way to get an entity is to use `TelegramClient.get_entity()`. This method accepts either a string, which can be a username, phone number or [t.me](https://t.me)-like link, or an integer that will be the ID of an **user**. You can use it like so:
```python
# all of these work
lonami = client.get_entity('lonami')
lonami = client.get_entity('t.me/lonami')
lonami = client.get_entity('https://telegram.dog/lonami')
# other kind of entities
channel = client.get_entity('telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAEkk2WdoDrB4-Q8-gg')
contact = client.get_entity('+34xxxxxxxxx')
friend = client.get_entity(friend_id)
```
For the last one to work, the library must have "seen" the user at least once. The library will "see" the user as long as any request contains them, so if you've called `.get_dialogs()` for instance, and your friend was there, the library will know about them. For more, read about the [Session Files](Session-Files).
If you want to get a channel or chat by ID, you need to specify that they are a channel or a chat. The library can't infer what they are by just their ID (unless the ID is marked, but this is only done internally), so you need to wrap the ID around a [`Peer`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/types/peer.html) object:
```python
from telethon.tl.types import PeerUser, PeerChat, PeerChannel
my_user = client.get_entity(PeerUser(some_id))
my_chat = client.get_entity(PeerChat(some_id))
my_channel = client.get_entity(PeerChannel(some_id))
```
**Note** that most requests don't ask for an `User`, or a `Chat`, but rather for `InputUser`, `InputChat`, and so on. If this is the case, you should prefer `.get_input_entity()` over `.get_entity()`, as it will be immediate if you provide an ID (whereas `.get_entity()` may need to find who the entity is first).
## Via your open "chats" (dialogs)
Simply call `client.get_dialogs()`. If you pass `limit=None`, all dialogs will be retrieved. These contain an `.entity` attribute. Use `help(result)` for more.
## Via ResolveUsernameRequest
This is the request used by `.get_entity` internally, but you can also use it by hand:
```python
from telethon.tl.functions.contacts import ResolveUsernameRequest
result = client(ResolveUsernameRequest('username'))
found_chats = result.chats
found_users = result.users
# result.peer may be a PeerUser, PeerChat or PeerChannel
```
See [`Peer`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/types/peer.html) for more information about this result.
## Via MessageFwdHeader
If all you have is a [`MessageFwdHeader`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/constructors/message_fwd_header.html) after you retrieved a bunch of messages, this gives you access to the `from_id` (if forwarded from an user) and `channel_id` (if forwarded from a channel). Invoking [`GetMessagesRequest`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/methods/messages/get_messages.html) also returns a list of `chats` and `users`, and you can find the desired entity there:
```python
# Logic to retrieve messages with `GetMessagesRequest´
messages = foo()
fwd_header = bar()
user = next(u for u in messages.users if u.id == fwd_header.from_id)
channel = next(c for c in messages.chats if c.id == fwd_header.channel_id)
```
Or you can just call `.get_entity()` with the ID, as you should have seen that user or channel before. A call to `GetMessagesRequest` may still be neeed.
## Via GetContactsRequest
The library will call this for you if you pass a phone number to `.get_entity`, but again, it can be done manually. If the user you want to talk to is a contact, you can use [`GetContactsRequest`](https://lonamiwebs.github.io/Telethon/methods/contacts/get_contacts.html):
```python
from telethon.tl.functions.contacts import GetContactsRequest
from telethon.tl.types.contacts import Contacts
contacts = client(GetContactsRequest(0))
if isinstance(contacts, Contacts):
users = contacts.users
contacts = contacts.contacts
```