mirror of
https://github.com/django/django.git
synced 2025-11-04 18:07:54 +03:00
203 lines
7.3 KiB
Plaintext
203 lines
7.3 KiB
Plaintext
==============================================
|
|
``django.core.urlresolvers`` utility functions
|
|
==============================================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: django.core.urlresolvers
|
|
|
|
reverse()
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
If you need to use something similar to the :ttag:`url` template tag in
|
|
your code, Django provides the following function:
|
|
|
|
.. function:: reverse(viewname, [urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None])
|
|
|
|
``viewname`` is either the function name (either a function reference, or the
|
|
string version of the name, if you used that form in ``urlpatterns``) or the
|
|
:ref:`URL pattern name <naming-url-patterns>`. Normally, you won't need to
|
|
worry about the ``urlconf`` parameter and will only pass in the positional and
|
|
keyword arguments to use in the URL matching. For example::
|
|
|
|
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
|
|
|
|
def myview(request):
|
|
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('arch-summary', args=[1945]))
|
|
|
|
The ``reverse()`` function can reverse a large variety of regular expression
|
|
patterns for URLs, but not every possible one. The main restriction at the
|
|
moment is that the pattern cannot contain alternative choices using the
|
|
vertical bar (``"|"``) character. You can quite happily use such patterns for
|
|
matching against incoming URLs and sending them off to views, but you cannot
|
|
reverse such patterns.
|
|
|
|
The ``current_app`` argument allows you to provide a hint to the resolver
|
|
indicating the application to which the currently executing view belongs.
|
|
This ``current_app`` argument is used as a hint to resolve application
|
|
namespaces into URLs on specific application instances, according to the
|
|
:ref:`namespaced URL resolution strategy <topics-http-reversing-url-namespaces>`.
|
|
|
|
You can use ``kwargs`` instead of ``args``. For example::
|
|
|
|
>>> reverse('admin:app_list', kwargs={'app_label': 'auth'})
|
|
'/admin/auth/'
|
|
|
|
``args`` and ``kwargs`` cannot be passed to ``reverse()`` at the same time.
|
|
|
|
.. admonition:: Make sure your views are all correct.
|
|
|
|
As part of working out which URL names map to which patterns, the
|
|
``reverse()`` function has to import all of your URLconf files and examine
|
|
the name of each view. This involves importing each view function. If
|
|
there are *any* errors whilst importing any of your view functions, it
|
|
will cause ``reverse()`` to raise an error, even if that view function is
|
|
not the one you are trying to reverse.
|
|
|
|
Make sure that any views you reference in your URLconf files exist and can
|
|
be imported correctly. Do not include lines that reference views you
|
|
haven't written yet, because those views will not be importable.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The string returned by ``reverse()`` is already
|
|
:ref:`urlquoted <uri-and-iri-handling>`. For example::
|
|
|
|
>>> reverse('cities', args=[u'Orléans'])
|
|
'.../Orl%C3%A9ans/'
|
|
|
|
Applying further encoding (such as :meth:`~django.utils.http.urlquote` or
|
|
``urllib.quote``) to the output of ``reverse()`` may produce undesirable
|
|
results.
|
|
|
|
reverse_lazy()
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.4
|
|
|
|
A lazily evaluated version of `reverse()`_.
|
|
|
|
.. function:: reverse_lazy(viewname, [urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None])
|
|
|
|
It is useful for when you need to use a URL reversal before your project's
|
|
URLConf is loaded. Some common cases where this function is necessary are:
|
|
|
|
* providing a reversed URL as the ``url`` attribute of a generic class-based
|
|
view.
|
|
|
|
* providing a reversed URL to a decorator (such as the ``login_url`` argument
|
|
for the :func:`django.contrib.auth.decorators.permission_required`
|
|
decorator).
|
|
|
|
* providing a reversed URL as a default value for a parameter in a function's
|
|
signature.
|
|
|
|
resolve()
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
The ``resolve()`` function can be used for resolving URL paths to the
|
|
corresponding view functions. It has the following signature:
|
|
|
|
.. function:: resolve(path, urlconf=None)
|
|
|
|
``path`` is the URL path you want to resolve. As with
|
|
:func:`~django.core.urlresolvers.reverse`, you don't need to
|
|
worry about the ``urlconf`` parameter. The function returns a
|
|
:class:`ResolverMatch` object that allows you
|
|
to access various meta-data about the resolved URL.
|
|
|
|
If the URL does not resolve, the function raises an
|
|
:class:`~django.http.Http404` exception.
|
|
|
|
.. class:: ResolverMatch
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.func
|
|
|
|
The view function that would be used to serve the URL
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.args
|
|
|
|
The arguments that would be passed to the view function, as
|
|
parsed from the URL.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.kwargs
|
|
|
|
The keyword arguments that would be passed to the view
|
|
function, as parsed from the URL.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.url_name
|
|
|
|
The name of the URL pattern that matches the URL.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.app_name
|
|
|
|
The application namespace for the URL pattern that matches the
|
|
URL.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.namespace
|
|
|
|
The instance namespace for the URL pattern that matches the
|
|
URL.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ResolverMatch.namespaces
|
|
|
|
The list of individual namespace components in the full
|
|
instance namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL.
|
|
i.e., if the namespace is ``foo:bar``, then namespaces will be
|
|
``['foo', 'bar']``.
|
|
|
|
A :class:`ResolverMatch` object can then be interrogated to provide
|
|
information about the URL pattern that matches a URL::
|
|
|
|
# Resolve a URL
|
|
match = resolve('/some/path/')
|
|
# Print the URL pattern that matches the URL
|
|
print(match.url_name)
|
|
|
|
A :class:`ResolverMatch` object can also be assigned to a triple::
|
|
|
|
func, args, kwargs = resolve('/some/path/')
|
|
|
|
One possible use of :func:`~django.core.urlresolvers.resolve` would be to test
|
|
whether a view would raise a ``Http404`` error before redirecting to it::
|
|
|
|
from urlparse import urlparse
|
|
from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve
|
|
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, Http404
|
|
|
|
def myview(request):
|
|
next = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', None) or '/'
|
|
response = HttpResponseRedirect(next)
|
|
|
|
# modify the request and response as required, e.g. change locale
|
|
# and set corresponding locale cookie
|
|
|
|
view, args, kwargs = resolve(urlparse(next)[2])
|
|
kwargs['request'] = request
|
|
try:
|
|
view(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
except Http404:
|
|
return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
|
|
return response
|
|
|
|
|
|
permalink()
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
The :func:`~django.db.models.permalink` decorator is useful for writing short
|
|
methods that return a full URL path. For example, a model's
|
|
``get_absolute_url()`` method. See :func:`django.db.models.permalink` for more.
|
|
|
|
get_script_prefix()
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
.. function:: get_script_prefix()
|
|
|
|
Normally, you should always use :func:`~django.core.urlresolvers.reverse` or
|
|
:func:`~django.db.models.permalink` to define URLs within your application.
|
|
However, if your application constructs part of the URL hierarchy itself, you
|
|
may occasionally need to generate URLs. In that case, you need to be able to
|
|
find the base URL of the Django project within its Web server
|
|
(normally, :func:`~django.core.urlresolvers.reverse` takes care of this for
|
|
you). In that case, you can call ``get_script_prefix()``, which will return the
|
|
script prefix portion of the URL for your Django project. If your Django
|
|
project is at the root of its Web server, this is always ``"/"``.
|