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< h1 id = "html-forms" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#html-forms" > HTML & Forms< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > REST framework is suitable for returning both API style responses, and regular HTML pages. Additionally, serializers can used as HTML forms and rendered in templates.< / p >
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< h2 id = "rendering-html" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#rendering-html" > Rendering HTML< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > In order to return HTML responses you'll need to either < code > TemplateHTMLRenderer< / code > , or < code > StaticHTMLRenderer< / code > .< / p >
< p > The < code > TemplateHTMLRenderer< / code > class expects the response to contain a dictionary of context data, and renders an HTML page based on a template that must be specified either in the view or on the response.< / p >
< p > The < code > StaticHTMLRender< / code > class expects the response to contain a string of the pre-rendered HTML content.< / p >
< p > Because static HTML pages typically have different behavior from API responses you'll probably need to write any HTML views explicitly, rather than relying on the built-in generic views.< / p >
< p > Here's an example of a view that returns a list of "Profile" instances, rendered in an HTML template:< / p >
< p > < strong > views.py< / strong > :< / p >
< pre > < code > from my_project.example.models import Profile
from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer
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from rest_framework.response import Response
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from rest_framework.views import APIView
class ProfileList(APIView):
renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
template_name = 'profile_list.html'
def get(self, request):
queryset = Profile.objects.all()
return Response({'profiles': queryset})
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > profile_list.html< / strong > :< / p >
< pre > < code > < html> < body>
< h1> Profiles< /h1>
< ul>
{% for profile in profiles %}
< li> {{ profile.name }}< /li>
{% endfor %}
< /ul>
< /body> < /html>
< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "rendering-forms" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#rendering-forms" > Rendering Forms< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Serializers may be rendered as forms by using the < code > render_form< / code > template tag, and including the serializer instance as context to the template.< / p >
< p > The following view demonstrates an example of using a serializer in a template for viewing and updating a model instance:< / p >
< p > < strong > views.py< / strong > :< / p >
< pre > < code > from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from my_project.example.models import Profile
from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class ProfileDetail(APIView):
renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
template_name = 'profile_detail.html'
def get(self, request, pk):
profile = get_object_or_404(Profile, pk=pk)
serializer = ProfileSerializer(profile)
return Response({'serializer': serializer, 'profile': profile})
def post(self, request, pk):
profile = get_object_or_404(Profile, pk=pk)
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serializer = ProfileSerializer(profile, data=request.data)
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if not serializer.is_valid():
return Response({'serializer': serializer, 'profile': profile})
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serializer.save()
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return redirect('profile-list')
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > profile_detail.html< / strong > :< / p >
< pre > < code > {% load rest_framework %}
< html> < body>
< h1> Profile - {{ profile.name }}< /h1>
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< form action="{% url 'profile-detail' pk=profile.pk %}" method="POST">
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{% csrf_token %}
{% render_form serializer %}
< input type="submit" value="Save">
< /form>
< /body> < /html>
< / code > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "using-template-packs" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#using-template-packs" > Using template packs< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > The < code > render_form< / code > tag takes an optional < code > template_pack< / code > argument, that specifies which template directory should be used for rendering the form and form fields.< / p >
< p > REST framework includes three built-in template packs, all based on Bootstrap 3. The built-in styles are < code > horizontal< / code > , < code > vertical< / code > , and < code > inline< / code > . The default style is < code > horizontal< / code > . To use any of these template packs you'll want to also include the Bootstrap 3 CSS.< / p >
< p > The following HTML will link to a CDN hosted version of the Bootstrap 3 CSS:< / p >
< pre > < code > < head>
…
< link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
< /head>
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Third party packages may include alternate template packs, by bundling a template directory containing the necessary form and field templates.< / p >
< p > Let's take a look at how to render each of the three available template packs. For these examples we'll use a single serializer class to present a "Login" form.< / p >
< pre > < code > class LoginSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
email = serializers.EmailField(
max_length=100,
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style={'placeholder': 'Email', 'autofocus': True}
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)
password = serializers.CharField(
max_length=100,
style={'input_type': 'password', 'placeholder': 'Password'}
)
remember_me = serializers.BooleanField()
< / code > < / pre >
< hr / >
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< h4 id = "rest_frameworkvertical" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#rest_frameworkvertical" > < code > rest_framework/vertical< / code > < / a > < / h4 >
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< p > Presents form labels above their corresponding control inputs, using the standard Bootstrap layout.< / p >
< p > < em > This is the default template pack.< / em > < / p >
< pre > < code > {% load rest_framework %}
...
< form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% render_form serializer template_pack='rest_framework/vertical' %}
< button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> Sign in< /button>
< /form>
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < img alt = "Vertical form example" src = "../../img/vertical.png" / > < / p >
< hr / >
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< h4 id = "rest_frameworkhorizontal" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#rest_frameworkhorizontal" > < code > rest_framework/horizontal< / code > < / a > < / h4 >
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< p > Presents labels and controls alongside each other, using a 2/10 column split.< / p >
< p > < em > This is the form style used in the browsable API and admin renderers.< / em > < / p >
< pre > < code > {% load rest_framework %}
...
< form class="form-horizontal" action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% render_form serializer %}
< div class="form-group">
< div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
< button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> Sign in< /button>
< /div>
< /div>
< /form>
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < img alt = "Horizontal form example" src = "../../img/horizontal.png" / > < / p >
< hr / >
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< h4 id = "rest_frameworkinline" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#rest_frameworkinline" > < code > rest_framework/inline< / code > < / a > < / h4 >
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< p > A compact form style that presents all the controls inline.< / p >
< pre > < code > {% load rest_framework %}
...
< form class="form-inline" action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% render_form serializer template_pack='rest_framework/inline' %}
< button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> Sign in< /button>
< /form>
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < img alt = "Inline form example" src = "../../img/inline.png" / > < / p >
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< h2 id = "field-styles" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#field-styles" > Field styles< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Serializer fields can have their rendering style customized by using the < code > style< / code > keyword argument. This argument is a dictionary of options that control the template and layout used.< / p >
< p > The most common way to customize the field style is to use the < code > base_template< / code > style keyword argument to select which template in the template pack should be use.< / p >
< p > For example, to render a < code > CharField< / code > as an HTML textarea rather than the default HTML input, you would use something like this:< / p >
< pre > < code > details = serializers.CharField(
max_length=1000,
style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}
)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > If you instead want a field to be rendered using a custom template that is < em > not part of an included template pack< / em > , you can instead use the < code > template< / code > style option, to fully specify a template name:< / p >
< pre > < code > details = serializers.CharField(
max_length=1000,
style={'template': 'my-field-templates/custom-input.html'}
)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Field templates can also use additional style properties, depending on their type. For example, the < code > textarea.html< / code > template also accepts a < code > rows< / code > property that can be used to affect the sizing of the control.< / p >
< pre > < code > details = serializers.CharField(
max_length=1000,
style={'base_template': 'textarea.html', 'rows': 10}
)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > The complete list of < code > base_template< / code > options and their associated style options is listed below.< / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > base_template< / th >
< th > Valid field types< / th >
< th > Additional style options< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > input.html< / td >
< td > Any string, numeric or date/time field< / td >
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< td > input_type, placeholder, hide_label, autofocus< / td >
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< / tr >
< tr >
< td > textarea.html< / td >
< td > < code > CharField< / code > < / td >
< td > rows, placeholder, hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > select.html< / td >
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< td > < code > ChoiceField< / code > or relational field types< / td >
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< td > hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > radio.html< / td >
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< td > < code > ChoiceField< / code > or relational field types< / td >
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< td > inline, hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > select_multiple.html< / td >
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< td > < code > MultipleChoiceField< / code > or relational fields with < code > many=True< / code > < / td >
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< td > hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > checkbox_multiple.html< / td >
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< td > < code > MultipleChoiceField< / code > or relational fields with < code > many=True< / code > < / td >
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< td > inline, hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > checkbox.html< / td >
< td > < code > BooleanField< / code > < / td >
< td > hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > fieldset.html< / td >
< td > Nested serializer< / td >
< td > hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > list_fieldset.html< / td >
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< td > < code > ListField< / code > or nested serializer with < code > many=True< / code > < / td >
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< td > hide_label< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< / div > <!-- /span -->
< / div > <!-- /row -->
< / div > <!-- /.fluid - container -->
< / div > <!-- /.body content -->
< div id = "push" > < / div >
< / div > <!-- /.wrapper -->
< footer class = "span12" >
< p > Documentation built with < a href = "http://www.mkdocs.org/" > MkDocs< / a > .
< / p >
< / footer >
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
< script src = "../../js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../../js/prettify-1.0.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../../js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "https://fund.django-rest-framework.org/sidebar_include.js" > < / script >
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< script > var base _url = '../..' ; < / script >
< script src = "../../mkdocs/js/require.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../../js/theme.js" > < / script >
< script >
var shiftWindow = function() {
scrollBy(0, -50)
};
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
event.stopPropagation();
});
// Dynamically force sidenav/dropdown to no higher than browser window
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
$(function() {
$(window).resize(function() {
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
});
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
