django-rest-framework/rest_framework/generics.py

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"""
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Generic views that provide commonly needed behaviour.
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals
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from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, PermissionDenied
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, InvalidPage
from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404 as _get_object_or_404
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
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from rest_framework import views, mixins, exceptions
from rest_framework.request import clone_request
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
import warnings
def strict_positive_int(integer_string, cutoff=None):
"""
Cast a string to a strictly positive integer.
"""
ret = int(integer_string)
if ret <= 0:
raise ValueError()
if cutoff:
ret = min(ret, cutoff)
return ret
def get_object_or_404(queryset, **filter_kwargs):
"""
Same as Django's standard shortcut, but make sure to raise 404
if the filter_kwargs don't match the required types.
"""
try:
return _get_object_or_404(queryset, **filter_kwargs)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise Http404
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class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
"""
Base class for all other generic views.
"""
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# You'll need to either set these attributes,
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# or override `get_queryset()`/`get_serializer_class()`.
queryset = None
serializer_class = None
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# This shortcut may be used instead of setting either or both
# of the `queryset`/`serializer_class` attributes, although using
# the explicit style is generally preferred.
model = None
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# If you want to use object lookups other than pk, set this attribute.
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# For more complex lookup requirements override `get_object()`.
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lookup_field = 'pk'
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# Pagination settings
paginate_by = api_settings.PAGINATE_BY
paginate_by_param = api_settings.PAGINATE_BY_PARAM
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max_paginate_by = api_settings.MAX_PAGINATE_BY
pagination_serializer_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS
page_kwarg = 'page'
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# The filter backend classes to use for queryset filtering
filter_backends = api_settings.DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS
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# The following attributes may be subject to change,
# and should be considered private API.
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model_serializer_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS
paginator_class = Paginator
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######################################
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# These are pending deprecation...
pk_url_kwarg = 'pk'
slug_url_kwarg = 'slug'
slug_field = 'slug'
allow_empty = True
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filter_backend = api_settings.FILTER_BACKEND
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def get_serializer_context(self):
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"""
Extra context provided to the serializer class.
"""
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return {
'request': self.request,
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'format': self.format_kwarg,
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'view': self
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}
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def get_serializer(self, instance=None, data=None,
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files=None, many=False, partial=False):
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"""
Return the serializer instance that should be used for validating and
deserializing input, and for serializing output.
"""
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serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
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context = self.get_serializer_context()
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return serializer_class(instance, data=data, files=files,
many=many, partial=partial, context=context)
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def get_pagination_serializer(self, page):
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"""
Return a serializer instance to use with paginated data.
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"""
class SerializerClass(self.pagination_serializer_class):
class Meta:
object_serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
pagination_serializer_class = SerializerClass
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context = self.get_serializer_context()
return pagination_serializer_class(instance=page, context=context)
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def paginate_queryset(self, queryset, page_size=None):
"""
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Paginate a queryset if required, either returning a page object,
or `None` if pagination is not configured for this view.
"""
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deprecated_style = False
if page_size is not None:
warnings.warn('The `page_size` parameter to `paginate_queryset()` '
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'is deprecated. '
'Note that the return style of this method is also '
'changed, and will simply return a page object '
'when called without a `page_size` argument.',
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DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
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deprecated_style = True
else:
# Determine the required page size.
# If pagination is not configured, simply return None.
page_size = self.get_paginate_by()
if not page_size:
return None
if not self.allow_empty:
warnings.warn(
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'The `allow_empty` parameter is deprecated. '
'To use `allow_empty=False` style behavior, You should override '
'`get_queryset()` and explicitly raise a 404 on empty querysets.',
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DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
paginator = self.paginator_class(queryset, page_size,
allow_empty_first_page=self.allow_empty)
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page_kwarg = self.kwargs.get(self.page_kwarg)
page_query_param = self.request.QUERY_PARAMS.get(self.page_kwarg)
page = page_kwarg or page_query_param or 1
try:
page_number = strict_positive_int(page)
except ValueError:
if page == 'last':
page_number = paginator.num_pages
else:
raise Http404(_("Page is not 'last', nor can it be converted to an int."))
try:
page = paginator.page(page_number)
except InvalidPage as e:
raise Http404(_('Invalid page (%(page_number)s): %(message)s') % {
'page_number': page_number,
'message': str(e)
})
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if deprecated_style:
return (paginator, page, page.object_list, page.has_other_pages())
return page
def filter_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
Given a queryset, filter it with whichever filter backend is in use.
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You are unlikely to want to override this method, although you may need
to call it either from a list view, or from a custom `get_object`
method if you want to apply the configured filtering backend to the
default queryset.
"""
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filter_backends = self.filter_backends or []
if not filter_backends and self.filter_backend:
warnings.warn(
'The `filter_backend` attribute and `FILTER_BACKEND` setting '
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'are deprecated in favor of a `filter_backends` '
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'attribute and `DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS` setting, that take '
'a *list* of filter backend classes.',
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DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
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)
filter_backends = [self.filter_backend]
for backend in filter_backends:
queryset = backend().filter_queryset(self.request, queryset, self)
return queryset
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########################
### The following methods provide default implementations
### that you may want to override for more complex cases.
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def get_paginate_by(self, queryset=None):
"""
Return the size of pages to use with pagination.
If `PAGINATE_BY_PARAM` is set it will attempt to get the page size
from a named query parameter in the url, eg. ?page_size=100
Otherwise defaults to using `self.paginate_by`.
"""
if queryset is not None:
warnings.warn('The `queryset` parameter to `get_paginate_by()` '
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'is deprecated.',
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
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if self.paginate_by_param:
try:
return strict_positive_int(
self.request.QUERY_PARAMS[self.paginate_by_param],
cutoff=self.max_paginate_by
)
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except (KeyError, ValueError):
pass
return self.paginate_by
def get_serializer_class(self):
"""
Return the class to use for the serializer.
Defaults to using `self.serializer_class`.
You may want to override this if you need to provide different
serializations depending on the incoming request.
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(Eg. admins get full serialization, others get basic serialization)
"""
serializer_class = self.serializer_class
if serializer_class is not None:
return serializer_class
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assert self.model is not None, \
"'%s' should either include a 'serializer_class' attribute, " \
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"or use the 'model' attribute as a shortcut for " \
"automatically generating a serializer class." \
% self.__class__.__name__
class DefaultSerializer(self.model_serializer_class):
class Meta:
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model = self.model
return DefaultSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Get the list of items for this view.
This must be an iterable, and may be a queryset.
Defaults to using `self.queryset`.
You may want to override this if you need to provide different
querysets depending on the incoming request.
(Eg. return a list of items that is specific to the user)
"""
if self.queryset is not None:
return self.queryset._clone()
if self.model is not None:
return self.model._default_manager.all()
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raise ImproperlyConfigured("'%s' must define 'queryset' or 'model'"
% self.__class__.__name__)
def get_object(self, queryset=None):
"""
Returns the object the view is displaying.
You may want to override this if you need to provide non-standard
queryset lookups. Eg if objects are referenced using multiple
keyword arguments in the url conf.
"""
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# Determine the base queryset to use.
if queryset is None:
queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
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else:
pass # Deprecation warning
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# Perform the lookup filtering.
pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None)
slug = self.kwargs.get(self.slug_url_kwarg, None)
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lookup = self.kwargs.get(self.lookup_field, None)
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if lookup is not None:
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filter_kwargs = {self.lookup_field: lookup}
elif pk is not None and self.lookup_field == 'pk':
warnings.warn(
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'The `pk_url_kwarg` attribute is deprecated. '
'Use the `lookup_field` attribute instead',
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DeprecationWarning
)
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filter_kwargs = {'pk': pk}
elif slug is not None and self.lookup_field == 'pk':
warnings.warn(
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'The `slug_url_kwarg` attribute is deprecated. '
'Use the `lookup_field` attribute instead',
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DeprecationWarning
)
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filter_kwargs = {self.slug_field: slug}
else:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
'Expected view %s to be called with a URL keyword argument '
'named "%s". Fix your URL conf, or set the `.lookup_field` '
'attribute on the view correctly.' %
(self.__class__.__name__, self.lookup_field)
)
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obj = get_object_or_404(queryset, **filter_kwargs)
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# May raise a permission denied
self.check_object_permissions(self.request, obj)
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return obj
########################
### The following are placeholder methods,
### and are intended to be overridden.
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###
### The are not called by GenericAPIView directly,
### but are used by the mixin methods.
def pre_save(self, obj):
"""
Placeholder method for calling before saving an object.
May be used to set attributes on the object that are implicit
in either the request, or the url.
"""
pass
def post_save(self, obj, created=False):
"""
Placeholder method for calling after saving an object.
"""
pass
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def metadata(self, request):
"""
Return a dictionary of metadata about the view.
Used to return responses for OPTIONS requests.
We override the default behavior, and add some extra information
about the required request body for POST and PUT operations.
"""
ret = super(GenericAPIView, self).metadata(request)
actions = {}
for method in ('PUT', 'POST'):
if method not in self.allowed_methods:
continue
cloned_request = clone_request(request, method)
try:
# Test global permissions
self.check_permissions(cloned_request)
# Test object permissions
if method == 'PUT':
try:
self.get_object()
except Http404:
# Http404 should be acceptable and the serializer
# metadata should be populated. Except this so the
# outer "else" clause of the try-except-else block
# will be executed.
pass
except (exceptions.APIException, PermissionDenied):
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pass
else:
# If user has appropriate permissions for the view, include
# appropriate metadata about the fields that should be supplied.
serializer = self.get_serializer()
actions[method] = serializer.metadata()
if actions:
ret['actions'] = actions
return ret
##########################################################
### Concrete view classes that provide method handlers ###
### by composing the mixin classes with the base view. ###
##########################################################
class CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
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GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for creating a model instance.
"""
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for listing a queryset.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
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class RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
class DestroyAPIView(mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for deleting a model instance.
"""
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
class UpdateAPIView(mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for updating a model instance.
"""
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for listing a queryset or creating a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
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class RetrieveUpdateAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
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"""
Concrete view for retrieving, updating a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
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class RetrieveDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving or deleting a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
GenericAPIView):
"""
Concrete view for retrieving, updating or deleting a model instance.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
##########################
### Deprecated classes ###
##########################
class MultipleObjectAPIView(GenericAPIView):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
warnings.warn(
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'Subclassing `MultipleObjectAPIView` is deprecated. '
'You should simply subclass `GenericAPIView` instead.',
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DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
super(MultipleObjectAPIView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class SingleObjectAPIView(GenericAPIView):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
warnings.warn(
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'Subclassing `SingleObjectAPIView` is deprecated. '
'You should simply subclass `GenericAPIView` instead.',
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DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
super(SingleObjectAPIView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)