django-rest-framework/tests/test_model_serializer.py

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"""
The `ModelSerializer` and `HyperlinkedModelSerializer` classes are essentially
shortcuts for automatically creating serializers based on a given model class.
These tests deal with ensuring that we correctly map the model fields onto
an appropriate set of serializer fields for each case.
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals
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import decimal
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import django
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import pytest
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
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from django.core.validators import (
MaxValueValidator, MinLengthValidator, MinValueValidator
)
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from django.db import models
from django.test import TestCase
from django.utils import six
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from rest_framework import serializers
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from rest_framework.compat import DurationField as ModelDurationField
from rest_framework.compat import unicode_repr
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def dedent(blocktext):
return '\n'.join([line[12:] for line in blocktext.splitlines()[1:-1]])
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# Tests for regular field mappings.
# ---------------------------------
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class CustomField(models.Field):
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"""
A custom model field simply for testing purposes.
"""
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pass
class OneFieldModel(models.Model):
char_field = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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class RegularFieldsModel(models.Model):
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"""
A model class for testing regular flat fields.
"""
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auto_field = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
big_integer_field = models.BigIntegerField()
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boolean_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
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char_field = models.CharField(max_length=100)
comma_separated_integer_field = models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField(max_length=100)
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date_field = models.DateField()
datetime_field = models.DateTimeField()
decimal_field = models.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1)
email_field = models.EmailField(max_length=100)
float_field = models.FloatField()
integer_field = models.IntegerField()
null_boolean_field = models.NullBooleanField()
positive_integer_field = models.PositiveIntegerField()
positive_small_integer_field = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
slug_field = models.SlugField(max_length=100)
small_integer_field = models.SmallIntegerField()
text_field = models.TextField()
time_field = models.TimeField()
url_field = models.URLField(max_length=100)
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custom_field = CustomField()
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def method(self):
return 'method'
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COLOR_CHOICES = (('red', 'Red'), ('blue', 'Blue'), ('green', 'Green'))
DECIMAL_CHOICES = (('low', decimal.Decimal('0.1')), ('medium', decimal.Decimal('0.5')), ('high', decimal.Decimal('0.9')))
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class FieldOptionsModel(models.Model):
value_limit_field = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(1), MaxValueValidator(10)])
length_limit_field = models.CharField(validators=[MinLengthValidator(3)], max_length=12)
blank_field = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=10)
null_field = models.IntegerField(null=True)
default_field = models.IntegerField(default=0)
descriptive_field = models.IntegerField(help_text='Some help text', verbose_name='A label')
choices_field = models.CharField(max_length=100, choices=COLOR_CHOICES)
class ChoicesModel(models.Model):
choices_field_with_nonstandard_args = models.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1, choices=DECIMAL_CHOICES, verbose_name='A label')
class TestModelSerializer(TestCase):
def test_create_method(self):
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
non_model_field = serializers.CharField()
class Meta:
model = OneFieldModel
fields = ('char_field', 'non_model_field')
serializer = TestSerializer(data={
'char_field': 'foo',
'non_model_field': 'bar',
})
serializer.is_valid()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as excinfo:
serializer.save()
msginitial = 'Got a `TypeError` when calling `OneFieldModel.objects.create()`.'
assert str(excinfo.exception).startswith(msginitial)
def test_abstract_model(self):
"""
Test that trying to use ModelSerializer with Abstract Models
throws a ValueError exception.
"""
class AbstractModel(models.Model):
afield = models.CharField(max_length=255)
class Meta:
abstract = True
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = AbstractModel
fields = ('afield',)
serializer = TestSerializer(data={
'afield': 'foo',
})
with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as excinfo:
serializer.is_valid()
msginitial = 'Cannot use ModelSerializer with Abstract Models.'
assert str(excinfo.exception).startswith(msginitial)
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class TestRegularFieldMappings(TestCase):
def test_regular_fields(self):
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"""
Model fields should map to their equivelent serializer fields.
"""
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
auto_field = IntegerField(read_only=True)
big_integer_field = IntegerField()
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boolean_field = BooleanField(required=False)
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char_field = CharField(max_length=100)
comma_separated_integer_field = CharField(max_length=100, validators=[<django.core.validators.RegexValidator object>])
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date_field = DateField()
datetime_field = DateTimeField()
decimal_field = DecimalField(decimal_places=1, max_digits=3)
email_field = EmailField(max_length=100)
float_field = FloatField()
integer_field = IntegerField()
null_boolean_field = NullBooleanField(required=False)
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positive_integer_field = IntegerField()
positive_small_integer_field = IntegerField()
slug_field = SlugField(max_length=100)
small_integer_field = IntegerField()
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text_field = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
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time_field = TimeField()
url_field = URLField(max_length=100)
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custom_field = ModelField(model_field=<tests.test_model_serializer.CustomField: custom_field>)
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""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_field_options(self):
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = FieldOptionsModel
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
value_limit_field = IntegerField(max_value=10, min_value=1)
length_limit_field = CharField(max_length=12, min_length=3)
blank_field = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=10, required=False)
null_field = IntegerField(allow_null=True, required=False)
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default_field = IntegerField(required=False)
descriptive_field = IntegerField(help_text='Some help text', label='A label')
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choices_field = ChoiceField(choices=(('red', 'Red'), ('blue', 'Blue'), ('green', 'Green')))
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""")
if six.PY2:
# This particular case is too awkward to resolve fully across
# both py2 and py3.
expected = expected.replace(
"('red', 'Red'), ('blue', 'Blue'), ('green', 'Green')",
"(u'red', u'Red'), (u'blue', u'Blue'), (u'green', u'Green')"
)
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_method_field(self):
"""
Properties and methods on the model should be allowed as `Meta.fields`
values, and should map to `ReadOnlyField`.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
fields = ('auto_field', 'method')
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
auto_field = IntegerField(read_only=True)
method = ReadOnlyField()
""")
self.assertEqual(repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
def test_pk_fields(self):
"""
Both `pk` and the actual primary key name are valid in `Meta.fields`.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
fields = ('pk', 'auto_field')
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
pk = IntegerField(label='Auto field', read_only=True)
auto_field = IntegerField(read_only=True)
""")
self.assertEqual(repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
def test_extra_field_kwargs(self):
"""
Ensure `extra_kwargs` are passed to generated fields.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
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fields = ('auto_field', 'char_field')
extra_kwargs = {'char_field': {'default': 'extra'}}
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
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auto_field = IntegerField(read_only=True)
char_field = CharField(default='extra', max_length=100)
""")
self.assertEqual(repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
def test_extra_field_kwargs_required(self):
"""
Ensure `extra_kwargs` are passed to generated fields.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
fields = ('auto_field', 'char_field')
extra_kwargs = {'auto_field': {'required': False, 'read_only': False}}
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
auto_field = IntegerField(read_only=False, required=False)
char_field = CharField(max_length=100)
""")
self.assertEqual(repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
def test_invalid_field(self):
"""
Field names that do not map to a model field or relationship should
raise a configuration errror.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
fields = ('auto_field', 'invalid')
with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured) as excinfo:
TestSerializer().fields
expected = 'Field name `invalid` is not valid for model `RegularFieldsModel`.'
assert str(excinfo.exception) == expected
def test_missing_field(self):
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"""
Fields that have been declared on the serializer class must be included
in the `Meta.fields` if it exists.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
missing = serializers.ReadOnlyField()
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
fields = ('auto_field',)
with self.assertRaises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
TestSerializer().fields
expected = (
"The field 'missing' was declared on serializer TestSerializer, "
"but has not been included in the 'fields' option."
)
assert str(excinfo.exception) == expected
def test_missing_superclass_field(self):
"""
Fields that have been declared on a parent of the serializer class may
be excluded from the `Meta.fields` option.
"""
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
missing = serializers.ReadOnlyField()
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
class ChildSerializer(TestSerializer):
missing = serializers.ReadOnlyField()
class Meta:
model = RegularFieldsModel
fields = ('auto_field',)
ChildSerializer().fields
def test_choices_with_nonstandard_args(self):
class ExampleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = ChoicesModel
ExampleSerializer()
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@pytest.mark.skipif(django.VERSION < (1, 8),
reason='DurationField is only available for django1.8+')
class TestDurationFieldMapping(TestCase):
def test_duration_field(self):
class DurationFieldModel(models.Model):
"""
A model that defines DurationField.
"""
duration_field = ModelDurationField()
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = DurationFieldModel
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
duration_field = DurationField()
""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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# Tests for relational field mappings.
# ------------------------------------
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class ForeignKeyTargetModel(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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class ManyToManyTargetModel(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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class OneToOneTargetModel(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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class ThroughTargetModel(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
class Supplementary(models.Model):
extra = models.IntegerField()
forwards = models.ForeignKey('ThroughTargetModel')
backwards = models.ForeignKey('RelationalModel')
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class RelationalModel(models.Model):
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foreign_key = models.ForeignKey(ForeignKeyTargetModel, related_name='reverse_foreign_key')
many_to_many = models.ManyToManyField(ManyToManyTargetModel, related_name='reverse_many_to_many')
one_to_one = models.OneToOneField(OneToOneTargetModel, related_name='reverse_one_to_one')
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through = models.ManyToManyField(ThroughTargetModel, through=Supplementary, related_name='reverse_through')
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class UniqueTogetherModel(models.Model):
foreign_key = models.ForeignKey(ForeignKeyTargetModel, related_name='unique_foreign_key')
one_to_one = models.OneToOneField(OneToOneTargetModel, related_name='unique_one_to_one')
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class Meta:
unique_together = ("foreign_key", "one_to_one")
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class TestRelationalFieldMappings(TestCase):
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def test_pk_relations(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
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expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
foreign_key = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=ForeignKeyTargetModel.objects.all())
one_to_one = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=OneToOneTargetModel.objects.all(), validators=[<UniqueValidator(queryset=RelationalModel.objects.all())>])
many_to_many = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(allow_empty=False, many=True, queryset=ManyToManyTargetModel.objects.all())
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through = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True)
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""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_nested_relations(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
depth = 1
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expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
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foreign_key = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
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id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
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one_to_one = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
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id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
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many_to_many = NestedSerializer(many=True, read_only=True):
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id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
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through = NestedSerializer(many=True, read_only=True):
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id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
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""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_hyperlinked_relations(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
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expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='relationalmodel-detail')
foreign_key = HyperlinkedRelatedField(queryset=ForeignKeyTargetModel.objects.all(), view_name='foreignkeytargetmodel-detail')
one_to_one = HyperlinkedRelatedField(queryset=OneToOneTargetModel.objects.all(), validators=[<UniqueValidator(queryset=RelationalModel.objects.all())>], view_name='onetoonetargetmodel-detail')
many_to_many = HyperlinkedRelatedField(allow_empty=False, many=True, queryset=ManyToManyTargetModel.objects.all(), view_name='manytomanytargetmodel-detail')
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through = HyperlinkedRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True, view_name='throughtargetmodel-detail')
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""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_nested_hyperlinked_relations(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
depth = 1
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expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='relationalmodel-detail')
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foreign_key = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
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url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='foreignkeytargetmodel-detail')
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name = CharField(max_length=100)
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one_to_one = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
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url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='onetoonetargetmodel-detail')
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name = CharField(max_length=100)
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many_to_many = NestedSerializer(many=True, read_only=True):
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url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='manytomanytargetmodel-detail')
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name = CharField(max_length=100)
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through = NestedSerializer(many=True, read_only=True):
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url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='throughtargetmodel-detail')
name = CharField(max_length=100)
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""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_nested_unique_together_relations(self):
class TestSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UniqueTogetherModel
depth = 1
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='uniquetogethermodel-detail')
foreign_key = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='foreignkeytargetmodel-detail')
name = CharField(max_length=100)
one_to_one = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
url = HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='onetoonetargetmodel-detail')
name = CharField(max_length=100)
class Meta:
validators = [<UniqueTogetherValidator(queryset=UniqueTogetherModel.objects.all(), fields=('foreign_key', 'one_to_one'))>]
""")
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if six.PY2:
# This case is also too awkward to resolve fully across both py2
# and py3. (See above)
expected = expected.replace(
"('foreign_key', 'one_to_one')",
"(u'foreign_key', u'one_to_one')"
)
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self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_pk_reverse_foreign_key(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = ForeignKeyTargetModel
fields = ('id', 'name', 'reverse_foreign_key')
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
reverse_foreign_key = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=RelationalModel.objects.all())
""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_pk_reverse_one_to_one(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = OneToOneTargetModel
fields = ('id', 'name', 'reverse_one_to_one')
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
reverse_one_to_one = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=RelationalModel.objects.all())
""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_pk_reverse_many_to_many(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = ManyToManyTargetModel
fields = ('id', 'name', 'reverse_many_to_many')
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
reverse_many_to_many = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=RelationalModel.objects.all())
""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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def test_pk_reverse_through(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = ThroughTargetModel
fields = ('id', 'name', 'reverse_through')
expected = dedent("""
TestSerializer():
id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
name = CharField(max_length=100)
reverse_through = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True)
""")
self.assertEqual(unicode_repr(TestSerializer()), expected)
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class TestIntegration(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.foreign_key_target = ForeignKeyTargetModel.objects.create(
name='foreign_key'
)
self.one_to_one_target = OneToOneTargetModel.objects.create(
name='one_to_one'
)
self.many_to_many_targets = [
ManyToManyTargetModel.objects.create(
name='many_to_many (%d)' % idx
) for idx in range(3)
]
self.instance = RelationalModel.objects.create(
foreign_key=self.foreign_key_target,
one_to_one=self.one_to_one_target,
)
self.instance.many_to_many = self.many_to_many_targets
self.instance.save()
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def test_pk_retrival(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
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serializer = TestSerializer(self.instance)
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expected = {
'id': self.instance.pk,
'foreign_key': self.foreign_key_target.pk,
'one_to_one': self.one_to_one_target.pk,
'many_to_many': [item.pk for item in self.many_to_many_targets],
'through': []
}
self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
def test_pk_create(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
new_foreign_key = ForeignKeyTargetModel.objects.create(
name='foreign_key'
)
new_one_to_one = OneToOneTargetModel.objects.create(
name='one_to_one'
)
new_many_to_many = [
ManyToManyTargetModel.objects.create(
name='new many_to_many (%d)' % idx
) for idx in range(3)
]
data = {
'foreign_key': new_foreign_key.pk,
'one_to_one': new_one_to_one.pk,
'many_to_many': [item.pk for item in new_many_to_many],
}
# Serializer should validate okay.
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serializer = TestSerializer(data=data)
assert serializer.is_valid()
# Creating the instance, relationship attributes should be set.
instance = serializer.save()
assert instance.foreign_key.pk == new_foreign_key.pk
assert instance.one_to_one.pk == new_one_to_one.pk
assert [
item.pk for item in instance.many_to_many.all()
] == [
item.pk for item in new_many_to_many
]
assert list(instance.through.all()) == []
# Representation should be correct.
expected = {
'id': instance.pk,
'foreign_key': new_foreign_key.pk,
'one_to_one': new_one_to_one.pk,
'many_to_many': [item.pk for item in new_many_to_many],
'through': []
}
self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
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def test_pk_update(self):
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class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = RelationalModel
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new_foreign_key = ForeignKeyTargetModel.objects.create(
name='foreign_key'
)
new_one_to_one = OneToOneTargetModel.objects.create(
name='one_to_one'
)
new_many_to_many = [
ManyToManyTargetModel.objects.create(
name='new many_to_many (%d)' % idx
) for idx in range(3)
]
data = {
'foreign_key': new_foreign_key.pk,
'one_to_one': new_one_to_one.pk,
'many_to_many': [item.pk for item in new_many_to_many],
}
# Serializer should validate okay.
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serializer = TestSerializer(self.instance, data=data)
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assert serializer.is_valid()
# Creating the instance, relationship attributes should be set.
instance = serializer.save()
assert instance.foreign_key.pk == new_foreign_key.pk
assert instance.one_to_one.pk == new_one_to_one.pk
assert [
item.pk for item in instance.many_to_many.all()
] == [
item.pk for item in new_many_to_many
]
assert list(instance.through.all()) == []
# Representation should be correct.
expected = {
'id': self.instance.pk,
'foreign_key': new_foreign_key.pk,
'one_to_one': new_one_to_one.pk,
'many_to_many': [item.pk for item in new_many_to_many],
'through': []
}
self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
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# Tests for bulk create using `ListSerializer`.
class BulkCreateModel(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
class TestBulkCreate(TestCase):
def test_bulk_create(self):
class BasicModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = BulkCreateModel
fields = ('name',)
class BulkCreateSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer):
child = BasicModelSerializer()
data = [{'name': 'a'}, {'name': 'b'}, {'name': 'c'}]
serializer = BulkCreateSerializer(data=data)
assert serializer.is_valid()
# Objects are returned by save().
instances = serializer.save()
assert len(instances) == 3
assert [item.name for item in instances] == ['a', 'b', 'c']
# Objects have been created in the database.
assert BulkCreateModel.objects.count() == 3
assert list(BulkCreateModel.objects.values_list('name', flat=True)) == ['a', 'b', 'c']
# Serializer returns correct data.
assert serializer.data == data
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class TestMetaClassModel(models.Model):
text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
class TestSerializerMetaClass(TestCase):
def test_meta_class_fields_option(self):
class ExampleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = TestMetaClassModel
fields = 'text'
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as result:
ExampleSerializer().fields
exception = result.exception
assert str(exception).startswith(
"The `fields` option must be a list or tuple"
)
def test_meta_class_exclude_option(self):
class ExampleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = TestMetaClassModel
exclude = 'text'
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as result:
ExampleSerializer().fields
exception = result.exception
assert str(exception).startswith(
"The `exclude` option must be a list or tuple"
)
def test_meta_class_fields_and_exclude_options(self):
class ExampleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = TestMetaClassModel
fields = ('text',)
exclude = ('text',)
with self.assertRaises(AssertionError) as result:
ExampleSerializer().fields
exception = result.exception
self.assertEqual(
str(exception),
"Cannot set both 'fields' and 'exclude' options on serializer ExampleSerializer."
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)
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class Issue2704TestCase(TestCase):
def test_queryset_all(self):
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
additional_attr = serializers.CharField()
class Meta:
model = OneFieldModel
fields = ('char_field', 'additional_attr')
OneFieldModel.objects.create(char_field='abc')
qs = OneFieldModel.objects.all()
for o in qs:
o.additional_attr = '123'
serializer = TestSerializer(instance=qs, many=True)
expected = [{
'char_field': 'abc',
'additional_attr': '123',
}]
assert serializer.data == expected