django-rest-framework/djangorestframework/views.py

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"""
The :mod:`views` module provides the Views you will most probably
be subclassing in your implementation.
By setting or modifying class attributes on your view, you change it's predefined behaviour.
"""
import re
from django.utils.html import escape
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
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from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from djangorestframework.compat import View as DjangoView, apply_markdown
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from djangorestframework.response import Response, ImmediateResponse
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from djangorestframework.request import Request
from djangorestframework import renderers, parsers, authentication, permissions, status, exceptions
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__all__ = (
'View',
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'ModelView',
'InstanceModelView',
'ListModelView',
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'ListOrCreateModelView'
)
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def _remove_trailing_string(content, trailing):
"""
Strip trailing component `trailing` from `content` if it exists.
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Used when generating names from view classes.
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"""
if content.endswith(trailing) and content != trailing:
return content[:-len(trailing)]
return content
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def _remove_leading_indent(content):
"""
Remove leading indent from a block of text.
Used when generating descriptions from docstrings.
"""
whitespace_counts = [len(line) - len(line.lstrip(' '))
for line in content.splitlines()[1:] if line.lstrip()]
# unindent the content if needed
if whitespace_counts:
whitespace_pattern = '^' + (' ' * min(whitespace_counts))
return re.sub(re.compile(whitespace_pattern, re.MULTILINE), '', content)
return content
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def _camelcase_to_spaces(content):
"""
Translate 'CamelCaseNames' to 'Camel Case Names'.
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Used when generating names from view classes.
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"""
camelcase_boundry = '(((?<=[a-z])[A-Z])|([A-Z](?![A-Z]|$)))'
return re.sub(camelcase_boundry, ' \\1', content).strip()
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class View(DjangoView):
"""
Handles incoming requests and maps them to REST operations.
Performs request deserialization, response serialization, authentication and input validation.
"""
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renderers = renderers.DEFAULT_RENDERERS
"""
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List of renderer classes the view can serialize the response with, ordered by preference.
"""
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parsers = parsers.DEFAULT_PARSERS
"""
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List of parser classes the view can parse the request with.
"""
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authentication = (authentication.UserLoggedInAuthentication,
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authentication.BasicAuthentication)
"""
List of all authenticating methods to attempt.
"""
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permission_classes = (permissions.FullAnonAccess,)
"""
List of all permissions that must be checked.
"""
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@classmethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""
Override the default :meth:`as_view` to store an instance of the view
as an attribute on the callable function. This allows us to discover
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information about the view when we do URL reverse lookups.
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"""
view = super(View, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
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view.cls_instance = cls(**initkwargs)
return view
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@property
def allowed_methods(self):
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"""
Return the list of allowed HTTP methods, uppercased.
"""
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return [method.upper() for method in self.http_method_names
if hasattr(self, method)]
@property
def default_response_headers(self):
return {
'Allow': ', '.join(self.allowed_methods),
'Vary': 'Authenticate, Accept'
}
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def get_name(self):
"""
Return the resource or view class name for use as this view's name.
Override to customize.
"""
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name = self.__class__.__name__
name = _remove_trailing_string(name, 'View')
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return _camelcase_to_spaces(name)
def get_description(self, html=False):
"""
Return the resource or view docstring for use as this view's description.
Override to customize.
"""
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description = self.__doc__ or ''
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description = _remove_leading_indent(description)
if html:
return self.markup_description(description)
return description
def markup_description(self, description):
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"""
Apply HTML markup to the description of this view.
"""
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if apply_markdown:
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description = apply_markdown(description)
else:
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description = escape(description).replace('\n', '<br />')
return mark_safe(description)
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def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
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Return an HTTP 405 error if an operation is called which does not have
a handler method.
"""
raise exceptions.MethodNotAllowed(request.method)
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@property
def _parsed_media_types(self):
"""
Return a list of all the media types that this view can parse.
"""
return [parser.media_type for parser in self.parsers]
@property
def _default_parser(self):
"""
Return the view's default parser class.
"""
return self.parsers[0]
@property
def _rendered_media_types(self):
"""
Return an list of all the media types that this response can render.
"""
return [renderer.media_type for renderer in self.renderers]
@property
def _rendered_formats(self):
"""
Return a list of all the formats that this response can render.
"""
return [renderer.format for renderer in self.renderers]
@property
def _default_renderer(self):
"""
Return the response's default renderer class.
"""
return self.renderers[0]
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def get_permissions(self):
"""
Instantiates and returns the list of permissions that this view requires.
"""
return [permission(self) for permission in self.permission_classes]
def check_permissions(self, user):
"""
Check user permissions and either raise an ``ImmediateResponse`` or return.
"""
for permission in self.get_permissions():
permission.check_permission(user)
def initial(self, request, *args, **kargs):
"""
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This method is a hook for any code that needs to run prior to
anything else.
Required if you want to do things like set `request.upload_handlers`
before the authentication and dispatch handling is run.
"""
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pass
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def final(self, request, response, *args, **kargs):
"""
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This method is a hook for any code that needs to run after everything
else in the view.
Returns the final response object.
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"""
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response.view = self
response.request = request
response.renderers = self.renderers
for key, value in self.headers.items():
response[key] = value
return response
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# Note: session based authentication is explicitly CSRF validated,
# all other authentication is CSRF exempt.
@csrf_exempt
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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request = Request(request, parsers=self.parsers, authentication=self.authentication)
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self.request = request
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self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
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self.headers = self.default_response_headers
try:
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self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
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# check that user has the relevant permissions
self.check_permissions(request.user)
# Get the appropriate handler method
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
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response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
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except ImmediateResponse, exc:
response = exc.response
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except (exceptions.ParseError, exceptions.PermissionDenied) as exc:
response = Response({'detail': exc.detail}, status=exc.status_code)
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self.response = self.final(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
return self.response
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def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
content = {
'name': self.get_name(),
'description': self.get_description(),
'renders': self._rendered_media_types,
'parses': self._parsed_media_types,
}
form = self.get_bound_form()
if form is not None:
field_name_types = {}
for name, field in form.fields.iteritems():
field_name_types[name] = field.__class__.__name__
content['fields'] = field_name_types
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raise ImmediateResponse(content, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)