django-rest-framework/rest_framework/fields.py

import copy
import datetime
import inspect
import warnings

from django.core import validators
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist, ValidationError
from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve
from django.conf import settings
from django.forms import widgets
from django.utils.encoding import is_protected_type, smart_unicode
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
from rest_framework.compat import parse_date, parse_datetime
from rest_framework.compat import timezone


def is_simple_callable(obj):
    """
    True if the object is a callable that takes no arguments.
    """
    return (
        (inspect.isfunction(obj) and not inspect.getargspec(obj)[0]) or
        (inspect.ismethod(obj) and len(inspect.getargspec(obj)[0]) <= 1)
    )


class Field(object):
    creation_counter = 0
    empty = ''
    type_name = None

    def __init__(self, source=None):
        self.parent = None

        self.creation_counter = Field.creation_counter
        Field.creation_counter += 1

        self.source = source

    def initialize(self, parent):
        """
        Called to set up a field prior to field_to_native or field_from_native.

        parent - The parent serializer.
        model_field - The model field this field corrosponds to, if one exists.
        """
        self.parent = parent
        self.root = parent.root or parent
        self.context = self.root.context

    def field_from_native(self, data, field_name, into):
        """
        Given a dictionary and a field name, updates the dictionary `into`,
        with the field and it's deserialized value.
        """
        return

    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        """
        Given and object and a field name, returns the value that should be
        serialized for that field.
        """
        if obj is None:
            return self.empty

        if self.source == '*':
            return self.to_native(obj)

        if self.source:
            value = obj
            for component in self.source.split('.'):
                value = getattr(value, component)
                if is_simple_callable(value):
                    value = value()
        else:
            value = getattr(obj, field_name)
        return self.to_native(value)

    def to_native(self, value):
        """
        Converts the field's value into it's simple representation.
        """
        if is_simple_callable(value):
            value = value()

        if is_protected_type(value):
            return value
        elif hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (dict, basestring)):
            return [self.to_native(item) for item in value]
        return smart_unicode(value)

    def attributes(self):
        """
        Returns a dictionary of attributes to be used when serializing to xml.
        """
        if self.type_name:
            return {'type': self.type_name}
        return {}


class WritableField(Field):
    """
    Base for read/write fields.
    """
    default_validators = []
    default_error_messages = {
        'required': _('This field is required.'),
        'invalid': _('Invalid value.'),
    }
    widget = widgets.TextInput
    default = None

    def __init__(self, source=None, read_only=False, required=None,
                 validators=[], error_messages=None, widget=None,
                 default=None):

        super(WritableField, self).__init__(source=source)

        self.read_only = read_only
        if required is None:
            self.required = not(read_only)
        else:
            assert not read_only, "Cannot set required=True and read_only=True"
            self.required = required

        messages = {}
        for c in reversed(self.__class__.__mro__):
            messages.update(getattr(c, 'default_error_messages', {}))
        messages.update(error_messages or {})
        self.error_messages = messages

        self.validators = self.default_validators + validators
        self.default = default or self.default

        # Widgets are ony used for HTML forms.
        widget = widget or self.widget
        if isinstance(widget, type):
            widget = widget()
        self.widget = widget

    def validate(self, value):
        if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES and self.required:
            raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required'])

    def run_validators(self, value):
        if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
            return
        errors = []
        for v in self.validators:
            try:
                v(value)
            except ValidationError as e:
                if hasattr(e, 'code') and e.code in self.error_messages:
                    message = self.error_messages[e.code]
                    if e.params:
                        message = message % e.params
                    errors.append(message)
                else:
                    errors.extend(e.messages)
        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)

    def field_from_native(self, data, field_name, into):
        """
        Given a dictionary and a field name, updates the dictionary `into`,
        with the field and it's deserialized value.
        """
        if self.read_only:
            return

        try:
            native = data[field_name]
        except KeyError:
            if self.default is not None:
                native = self.default
            else:
                if self.required:
                    raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required'])
                return

        value = self.from_native(native)
        if self.source == '*':
            if value:
                into.update(value)
        else:
            self.validate(value)
            self.run_validators(value)
            into[self.source or field_name] = value

    def from_native(self, value):
        """
        Reverts a simple representation back to the field's value.
        """
        return value


class ModelField(WritableField):
    """
    A generic field that can be used against an arbirtrary model field.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            self.model_field = kwargs.pop('model_field')
        except:
            raise ValueError("ModelField requires 'model_field' kwarg")
        super(ModelField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def from_native(self, value):
        try:
            rel = self.model_field.rel
        except:
            return self.model_field.to_python(value)
        return rel.to._meta.get_field(rel.field_name).to_python(value)

    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        value = self.model_field._get_val_from_obj(obj)
        if is_protected_type(value):
            return value
        return self.model_field.value_to_string(obj)

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            "type": self.model_field.get_internal_type()
        }

##### Relational fields #####


class RelatedField(WritableField):
    """
    Base class for related model fields.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.queryset = kwargs.pop('queryset', None)
        super(RelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        value = getattr(obj, self.source or field_name)
        return self.to_native(value)

    def field_from_native(self, data, field_name, into):
        if self.read_only:
            return

        value = data.get(field_name)
        into[(self.source or field_name) + '_id'] = self.from_native(value)


class ManyRelatedMixin(object):
    """
    Mixin to convert a related field to a many related field.
    """
    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        value = getattr(obj, self.source or field_name)
        return [self.to_native(item) for item in value.all()]

    def field_from_native(self, data, field_name, into):
        if self.read_only:
            return

        try:
            # Form data
            value = data.getlist(self.source or field_name)
        except:
            # Non-form data
            value = data.get(self.source or field_name)
        else:
            if value == ['']:
                value = []
        into[field_name] = [self.from_native(item) for item in value]


class ManyRelatedField(ManyRelatedMixin, RelatedField):
    """
    Base class for related model managers.
    """
    pass


### PrimaryKey relationships

class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField):
    """
    Serializes a related field or related object to a pk value.
    """

    def to_native(self, pk):
        return pk

    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        try:
            # Prefer obj.serializable_value for performance reasons
            pk = obj.serializable_value(self.source or field_name)
        except AttributeError:
            # RelatedObject (reverse relationship)
            obj = getattr(obj, self.source or field_name)
            return self.to_native(obj.pk)
        # Forward relationship
        return self.to_native(pk)


class ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField(ManyRelatedField):
    """
    Serializes a to-many related field or related manager to a pk value.
    """
    def to_native(self, pk):
        return pk

    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        try:
            # Prefer obj.serializable_value for performance reasons
            queryset = obj.serializable_value(self.source or field_name)
        except AttributeError:
            # RelatedManager (reverse relationship)
            queryset = getattr(obj, self.source or field_name)
            return [self.to_native(item.pk) for item in queryset.all()]
        # Forward relationship
        return [self.to_native(item.pk) for item in queryset.all()]


### Hyperlinked relationships

class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
    pk_url_kwarg = 'pk'
    slug_url_kwarg = 'slug'
    slug_field = 'slug'

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            self.view_name = kwargs.pop('view_name')
        except:
            raise ValueError("Hyperlinked field requires 'view_name' kwarg")
        self.format = kwargs.pop('format', None)
        super(HyperlinkedRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def to_native(self, obj):
        view_name = self.view_name
        request = self.context.get('request', None)
        format = self.format or self.context.get('format', None)
        kwargs = {self.pk_url_kwarg: obj.pk}
        try:
            return reverse(view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format)
        except:
            pass

        slug = getattr(obj, self.slug_field, None)

        if not slug:
            raise ValidationError('Could not resolve URL for field using view name "%s"' % view_name)

        kwargs = {self.slug_url_kwarg: slug}
        try:
            return reverse(self.view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format)
        except:
            pass

        kwargs = {self.pk_url_kwarg: obj.pk, self.slug_url_kwarg: slug}
        try:
            return reverse(self.view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format)
        except:
            pass

        raise ValidationError('Could not resolve URL for field using view name "%s"', view_name)

    def from_native(self, value):
        # Convert URL -> model instance pk
        # TODO: Use values_list
        try:
            match = resolve(value)
        except:
            raise ValidationError('Invalid hyperlink - No URL match')

        if match.url_name != self.view_name:
            raise ValidationError('Invalid hyperlink - Incorrect URL match')

        pk = match.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None)
        slug = match.kwargs.get(self.slug_url_kwarg, None)

        # Try explicit primary key.
        if pk is not None:
            return pk
        # Next, try looking up by slug.
        elif slug is not None:
            slug_field = self.get_slug_field()
            queryset = self.queryset.filter(**{slug_field: slug})
        # If none of those are defined, it's an error.
        else:
            raise ValidationError('Invalid hyperlink')

        try:
            obj = queryset.get()
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            raise ValidationError('Invalid hyperlink - object does not exist.')
        return obj.pk


class ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField(ManyRelatedMixin, HyperlinkedRelatedField):
    pass


class HyperlinkedIdentityField(Field):
    """
    A field that represents the model's identity using a hyperlink.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # TODO: Make this mandatory, and have the HyperlinkedModelSerializer
        # set it on-the-fly
        self.view_name = kwargs.pop('view_name', None)
        self.format = kwargs.pop('format', None)
        super(HyperlinkedIdentityField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
        request = self.context.get('request', None)
        format = self.format or self.context.get('format', None)
        view_name = self.view_name or self.parent.opts.view_name
        view_kwargs = {'pk': obj.pk}
        return reverse(view_name, kwargs=view_kwargs, request=request, format=format)


##### Typed Fields #####

class BooleanField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'BooleanField'
    widget = widgets.CheckboxInput
    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid': _(u"'%s' value must be either True or False."),
    }
    empty = False

    # Note: we set default to `False` in order to fill in missing value not
    # supplied by html form.  TODO: Fix so that only html form input gets
    # this behavior.
    default = False

    def from_native(self, value):
        if value in ('t', 'True', '1'):
            return True
        if value in ('f', 'False', '0'):
            return False
        return bool(value)


class CharField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'CharField'

    def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, *args, **kwargs):
        self.max_length, self.min_length = max_length, min_length
        super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if min_length is not None:
            self.validators.append(validators.MinLengthValidator(min_length))
        if max_length is not None:
            self.validators.append(validators.MaxLengthValidator(max_length))

    def from_native(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, basestring) or value is None:
            return value
        return smart_unicode(value)


class ChoiceField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'ChoiceField'
    widget = widgets.Select
    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid_choice': _('Select a valid choice. %(value)s is not one of the available choices.'),
    }

    def __init__(self, choices=(), *args, **kwargs):
        super(ChoiceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.choices = choices

    def _get_choices(self):
        return self._choices

    def _set_choices(self, value):
        # Setting choices also sets the choices on the widget.
        # choices can be any iterable, but we call list() on it because
        # it will be consumed more than once.
        self._choices = self.widget.choices = list(value)

    choices = property(_get_choices, _set_choices)

    def validate(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input is in self.choices.
        """
        super(ChoiceField, self).validate(value)
        if value and not self.valid_value(value):
            raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': value})

    def valid_value(self, value):
        """
        Check to see if the provided value is a valid choice.
        """
        for k, v in self.choices:
            if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)):
                # This is an optgroup, so look inside the group for options
                for k2, v2 in v:
                    if value == smart_unicode(k2):
                        return True
            else:
                if value == smart_unicode(k):
                    return True
        return False


class EmailField(CharField):
    type_name = 'EmailField'

    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid': _('Enter a valid e-mail address.'),
    }
    default_validators = [validators.validate_email]

    def from_native(self, value):
        ret = super(EmailField, self).from_native(value)
        if ret is None:
            return None
        return ret.strip()

    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        result = copy.copy(self)
        memo[id(self)] = result
        #result.widget = copy.deepcopy(self.widget, memo)
        result.validators = self.validators[:]
        return result


class DateField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'DateField'

    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid': _(u"'%s' value has an invalid date format. It must be "
                     u"in YYYY-MM-DD format."),
        'invalid_date': _(u"'%s' value has the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD) "
                          u"but it is an invalid date."),
    }
    empty = None

    def from_native(self, value):
        if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None

        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
            if timezone and settings.USE_TZ and timezone.is_aware(value):
                # Convert aware datetimes to the default time zone
                # before casting them to dates (#17742).
                default_timezone = timezone.get_default_timezone()
                value = timezone.make_naive(value, default_timezone)
            return value.date()
        if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
            return value

        try:
            parsed = parse_date(value)
            if parsed is not None:
                return parsed
        except ValueError:
            msg = self.error_messages['invalid_date'] % value
            raise ValidationError(msg)

        msg = self.error_messages['invalid'] % value
        raise ValidationError(msg)


class DateTimeField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'DateTimeField'

    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid': _(u"'%s' value has an invalid format. It must be in "
                     u"YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ] format."),
        'invalid_date': _(u"'%s' value has the correct format "
                          u"(YYYY-MM-DD) but it is an invalid date."),
        'invalid_datetime': _(u"'%s' value has the correct format "
                              u"(YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ]) "
                              u"but it is an invalid date/time."),
    }
    empty = None

    def from_native(self, value):
        if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None

        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
            return value
        if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
            value = datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
            if settings.USE_TZ:
                # For backwards compatibility, interpret naive datetimes in
                # local time. This won't work during DST change, but we can't
                # do much about it, so we let the exceptions percolate up the
                # call stack.
                warnings.warn(u"DateTimeField received a naive datetime (%s)"
                              u" while time zone support is active." % value,
                              RuntimeWarning)
                default_timezone = timezone.get_default_timezone()
                value = timezone.make_aware(value, default_timezone)
            return value

        try:
            parsed = parse_datetime(value)
            if parsed is not None:
                return parsed
        except ValueError:
            msg = self.error_messages['invalid_datetime'] % value
            raise ValidationError(msg)

        try:
            parsed = parse_date(value)
            if parsed is not None:
                return datetime.datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, parsed.day)
        except ValueError:
            msg = self.error_messages['invalid_date'] % value
            raise ValidationError(msg)

        msg = self.error_messages['invalid'] % value
        raise ValidationError(msg)


class IntegerField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'IntegerField'

    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid': _('Enter a whole number.'),
        'max_value': _('Ensure this value is less than or equal to %(limit_value)s.'),
        'min_value': _('Ensure this value is greater than or equal to %(limit_value)s.'),
    }

    def __init__(self, max_value=None, min_value=None, *args, **kwargs):
        self.max_value, self.min_value = max_value, min_value
        super(IntegerField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        if max_value is not None:
            self.validators.append(validators.MaxValueValidator(max_value))
        if min_value is not None:
            self.validators.append(validators.MinValueValidator(min_value))

    def from_native(self, value):
        if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None

        try:
            value = int(str(value))
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid'])
        return value


class FloatField(WritableField):
    type_name = 'FloatField'

    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid': _("'%s' value must be a float."),
    }

    def from_native(self, value):
        if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None

        try:
            return float(value)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            msg = self.error_messages['invalid'] % value
            raise ValidationError(msg)