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< a href = "#quickstart" > Quickstart< / a >
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< a href = "#project-setup" > Project setup< / a >
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< a href = "#serializers" > Serializers< / a >
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< h1 id = "quickstart" > Quickstart< / h1 >
< p > We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.< / p >
< h2 id = "project-setup" > Project setup< / h2 >
< p > Create a new Django project named < code > tutorial< / code > , then start a new app called < code > quickstart< / code > .< / p >
< pre > < code > # Create the project directory
mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial
# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
# Set up a new project with a single application
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django-admin.py startproject tutorial .
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cd tutorial
django-admin.py startapp quickstart
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cd ..
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > Now sync your database for the first time:< / p >
< pre > < code > python manage.py migrate
< / code > < / pre >
< p > We'll also create an initial user named < code > admin< / code > with a password of < code > password< / code > . We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.< / p >
< pre > < code > python manage.py createsuperuser
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Once you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...< / p >
< h2 id = "serializers" > Serializers< / h2 >
< p > First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named < code > tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py< / code > that we'll use for our data representations.< / p >
< pre > < code > from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with < code > HyperlinkedModelSerializer< / code > . You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.< / p >
< h2 id = "views" > Views< / h2 >
< p > Right, we'd better write some views then. Open < code > tutorial/quickstart/views.py< / code > and get typing.< / p >
< pre > < code > from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called < code > ViewSets< / code > .< / p >
< p > We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.< / p >
< p > Notice that our viewset classes here are a little different from those in the < a href = "../../../#example" > frontpage example< / a > , as they include < code > queryset< / code > and < code > serializer_class< / code > attributes, instead of a < code > model< / code > attribute.< / p >
< p > For trivial cases you can simply set a < code > model< / code > attribute on the < code > ViewSet< / code > class and the serializer and queryset will be automatically generated for you. Setting the < code > queryset< / code > and/or < code > serializer_class< / code > attributes gives you more explicit control of the API behaviour, and is the recommended style for most applications.< / p >
< h2 id = "urls" > URLs< / h2 >
< p > Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to < code > tutorial/urls.py< / code > ...< / p >
< pre > < code > from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
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# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
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urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.< / p >
< p > Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.< / p >
< p > Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.< / p >
< h2 id = "settings" > Settings< / h2 >
< p > We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in < code > tutorial/settings.py< / code > < / p >
< pre > < code > INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
'PAGINATE_BY': 10
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Okay, we're done.< / p >
< hr / >
< h2 id = "testing-our-api" > Testing our API< / h2 >
< p > We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.< / p >
< pre > < code > python ./manage.py runserver
< / code > < / pre >
< p > We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like < code > curl< / code > ...< / p >
< pre > < code > bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
"username": "admin"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Or using the < a href = "https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation" > httpie< / a > , command line tool...< / p >
< pre > < code > bash: http -a username:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
"username": "paul"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Or directly through the browser...< / p >
< p > < img alt = "Quick start image" src = "../../../img/quickstart.png" / > < / p >
< p > If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in the top right corner.< / p >
< p > Great, that was easy!< / p >
< p > If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to < a href = "../1-serialization" > the tutorial< / a > , or start browsing the < a href = "../../../#api-guide" > API guide< / a > .< / p >
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