django-rest-framework/topics/browser-enhancements/index.html

571 lines
23 KiB
HTML
Raw Normal View History

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Browser Enhancements - Django REST framework</title>
<link href="../../img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/browser-enhancements/" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, Browser Enhancements">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="../../css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script');
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script>
<style>
#sidebarInclude img {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#sidebarInclude a.promo {
color: black;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
div.promo {
display: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="-page">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="next" href="../browsable-api/">
Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i>
</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="prev" href="../html-and-forms/">
<i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous
</a>
<a id="search_modal_show" class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#mkdocs_search_modal" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkdocs_search_modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/">Django REST framework</a>
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
<!-- Main navigation -->
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li >
<a href="../..">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/quickstart/">Quickstart</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/1-serialization/">1 - Serialization</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/2-requests-and-responses/">2 - Requests and responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/3-class-based-views/">3 - Class based views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions/">4 - Authentication and permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis/">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers/">6 - Viewsets and routers</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/requests/">Requests</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/responses/">Responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/views/">Views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/generic-views/">Generic views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/viewsets/">Viewsets</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/routers/">Routers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/parsers/">Parsers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/renderers/">Renderers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/serializers/">Serializers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/fields/">Serializer fields</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/relations/">Serializer relations</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/validators/">Validators</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/authentication/">Authentication</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/permissions/">Permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/caching/">Caching</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/throttling/">Throttling</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/filtering/">Filtering</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/pagination/">Pagination</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/versioning/">Versioning</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/content-negotiation/">Content negotiation</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/metadata/">Metadata</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/schemas/">Schemas</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/format-suffixes/">Format suffixes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/reverse/">Returning URLs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/exceptions/">Exceptions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/status-codes/">Status codes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/testing/">Testing</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/settings/">Settings</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown active">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../documenting-your-api/">Documenting your API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../api-clients/">API Clients</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../internationalization/">Internationalization</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../ajax-csrf-cors/">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../html-and-forms/">HTML & Forms</a>
</li>
<li class="active" >
<a href="./">Browser Enhancements</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../browsable-api/">The Browsable API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../rest-hypermedia-hateoas/">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Community <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../community/tutorials-and-resources/">Tutorials and Resources</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/third-party-packages/">Third Party Packages</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/contributing/">Contributing to REST framework</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/project-management/">Project management</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/release-notes/">Release Notes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.14-announcement/">3.14 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.13-announcement/">3.13 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.12-announcement/">3.12 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.11-announcement/">3.11 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.10-announcement/">3.10 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.9-announcement/">3.9 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.8-announcement/">3.8 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.7-announcement/">3.7 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.6-announcement/">3.6 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.5-announcement/">3.5 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.4-announcement/">3.4 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.3-announcement/">3.3 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.2-announcement/">3.2 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.1-announcement/">3.1 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.0-announcement/">3.0 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/kickstarter-announcement/">Kickstarter Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/mozilla-grant/">Mozilla Grant</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/funding/">Funding</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/jobs/">Jobs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="body-content">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Search Modal -->
<div id="mkdocs_search_modal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form role="form" autocomplete="off">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..." id="mkdocs-search-query">
</div>
</form>
<div id="mkdocs-search-results"></div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span3">
<div id="table-of-contents">
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
<li class="main">
<a href="#browser-enhancements">Browser enhancements</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#browser-based-put-delete-etc">Browser based PUT, DELETE, etc...</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#browser-based-submission-of-non-form-content">Browser based submission of non-form content</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#url-based-format-suffixes">URL based format suffixes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#http-header-based-method-overriding">HTTP header based method overriding</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#url-based-accept-headers">URL based accept headers</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#doesnt-html5-support-put-and-delete-forms">Doesn't HTML5 support PUT and DELETE forms?</a>
</li>
<div class="promo">
<hr/>
<div id="sidebarInclude">
</div>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
<h1 id="browser-enhancements"><a class="toclink" href="#browser-enhancements">Browser enhancements</a></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>"There are two noncontroversial uses for overloaded POST. The first is to <em>simulate</em> HTTP's uniform interface for clients like web browsers that don't support PUT or DELETE"</p>
<p>&mdash; <a href="https://www.amazon.com/RESTful-Web-Services-Leonard-Richardson/dp/0596529260">RESTful Web Services</a>, Leonard Richardson &amp; Sam Ruby.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In order to allow the browsable API to function, there are a couple of browser enhancements that REST framework needs to provide.</p>
<p>As of version 3.3.0 onwards these are enabled with javascript, using the <a href="https://github.com/tomchristie/ajax-form">ajax-form</a> library.</p>
<h2 id="browser-based-put-delete-etc"><a class="toclink" href="#browser-based-put-delete-etc">Browser based PUT, DELETE, etc...</a></h2>
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/tomchristie/ajax-form">AJAX form library</a> supports browser-based <code>PUT</code>, <code>DELETE</code> and other methods on HTML forms.</p>
<p>After including the library, use the <code>data-method</code> attribute on the form, like so:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;form action="/" data-method="PUT"&gt;
&lt;input name='foo'/&gt;
...
&lt;/form&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Note that prior to 3.3.0, this support was server-side rather than javascript based. The method overloading style (as used in <a href="https://guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html#how-do-forms-with-put-or-delete-methods-work">Ruby on Rails</a>) is no longer supported due to subtle issues that it introduces in request parsing.</p>
<h2 id="browser-based-submission-of-non-form-content"><a class="toclink" href="#browser-based-submission-of-non-form-content">Browser based submission of non-form content</a></h2>
<p>Browser-based submission of content types such as JSON are supported by the <a href="https://github.com/tomchristie/ajax-form">AJAX form library</a>, using form fields with <code>data-override='content-type'</code> and <code>data-override='content'</code> attributes.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code> &lt;form action="/"&gt;
&lt;input data-override='content-type' value='application/json' type='hidden'/&gt;
&lt;textarea data-override='content'&gt;{}&lt;/textarea&gt;
&lt;input type="submit"/&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Note that prior to 3.3.0, this support was server-side rather than javascript based.</p>
<h2 id="url-based-format-suffixes"><a class="toclink" href="#url-based-format-suffixes">URL based format suffixes</a></h2>
<p>REST framework can take <code>?format=json</code> style URL parameters, which can be a
useful shortcut for determining which content type should be returned from
the view.</p>
<p>This behavior is controlled using the <code>URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE</code> setting.</p>
<h2 id="http-header-based-method-overriding"><a class="toclink" href="#http-header-based-method-overriding">HTTP header based method overriding</a></h2>
<p>Prior to version 3.3.0 the semi extension header <code>X-HTTP-Method-Override</code> was supported for overriding the request method. This behavior is no longer in core, but can be adding if needed using middleware.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code>METHOD_OVERRIDE_HEADER = 'HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE'
class MethodOverrideMiddleware:
def __init__(self, get_response):
self.get_response = get_response
def __call__(self, request):
if request.method == 'POST' and METHOD_OVERRIDE_HEADER in request.META:
request.method = request.META[METHOD_OVERRIDE_HEADER]
return self.get_response(request)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="url-based-accept-headers"><a class="toclink" href="#url-based-accept-headers">URL based accept headers</a></h2>
<p>Until version 3.3.0 REST framework included built-in support for <code>?accept=application/json</code> style URL parameters, which would allow the <code>Accept</code> header to be overridden.</p>
<p>Since the introduction of the content negotiation API this behavior is no longer included in core, but may be added using a custom content negotiation class, if needed.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code>class AcceptQueryParamOverride()
def get_accept_list(self, request):
header = request.META.get('HTTP_ACCEPT', '*/*')
header = request.query_params.get('_accept', header)
return [token.strip() for token in header.split(',')]
</code></pre>
<h2 id="doesnt-html5-support-put-and-delete-forms"><a class="toclink" href="#doesnt-html5-support-put-and-delete-forms">Doesn't HTML5 support PUT and DELETE forms?</a></h2>
<p>Nope. It was at one point intended to support <code>PUT</code> and <code>DELETE</code> forms, but
was later <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/#changes-2010-06-24">dropped from the spec</a>. There remains
<a href="http://amundsen.com/examples/put-delete-forms/">ongoing discussion</a> about adding support for <code>PUT</code> and <code>DELETE</code>,
as well as how to support content types other than form-encoded data.</p>
</div> <!--/span-->
</div> <!--/row-->
</div> <!--/.fluid-container-->
</div> <!--/.body content-->
<div id="push"></div>
</div> <!--/.wrapper -->
<footer class="span12">
<p>Documentation built with <a href="http://www.mkdocs.org/">MkDocs</a>.
</p>
</footer>
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script async src="https://fund.django-rest-framework.org/sidebar_include.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/theme.js"></script>
<script>var base_url = '../..';</script>
<script src="../../search/main.js" defer></script>
<script>
var shiftWindow = function() {
scrollBy(0, -50)
};
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
event.stopPropagation();
});
// Dynamically force sidenav/dropdown to no higher than browser window
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
$(function() {
$(window).resize(function() {
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>