encode/django-rest-framework
1
1
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git synced 2024-11-27 03:54:01 +03:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
fd207b6c66
django-rest-framework/tutorial/3-class-based-views/index.html

615 lines
24 KiB
HTML
Raw Normal View History

Deployed de497a9b with MkDocs version: 1.0.4
2020-06-02 12:07:44 +03:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>3 - Class based views - Django REST framework</title>
<link href="../../img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views/" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, 3 - Class based views">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="../../css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script');
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script>
<style>
#sidebarInclude img {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#sidebarInclude a.promo {
color: black;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
div.promo {
display: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="-page">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="next" href="../4-authentication-and-permissions/">
Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i>
</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="prev" href="../2-requests-and-responses/">
<i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous
</a>
<a id="search_modal_show" class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#mkdocs_search_modal" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkdocs_search_modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/">Django REST framework</a>
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
<!-- Main navigation -->
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li >
<a href="../..">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown active">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../quickstart/">Quickstart</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../1-serialization/">1 - Serialization</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../2-requests-and-responses/">2 - Requests and responses</a>
</li>
<li class="active" >
<a href="./">3 - Class based views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../4-authentication-and-permissions/">4 - Authentication and permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis/">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../6-viewsets-and-routers/">6 - Viewsets and routers</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/requests/">Requests</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/responses/">Responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/views/">Views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/generic-views/">Generic views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/viewsets/">Viewsets</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/routers/">Routers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/parsers/">Parsers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/renderers/">Renderers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/serializers/">Serializers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/fields/">Serializer fields</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/relations/">Serializer relations</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/validators/">Validators</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/authentication/">Authentication</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/permissions/">Permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/caching/">Caching</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/throttling/">Throttling</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/filtering/">Filtering</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/pagination/">Pagination</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/versioning/">Versioning</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/content-negotiation/">Content negotiation</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/metadata/">Metadata</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/schemas/">Schemas</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/format-suffixes/">Format suffixes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/reverse/">Returning URLs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/exceptions/">Exceptions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/status-codes/">Status codes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/testing/">Testing</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/settings/">Settings</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../topics/documenting-your-api/">Documenting your API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/api-clients/">API Clients</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/internationalization/">Internationalization</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/ajax-csrf-cors/">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/html-and-forms/">HTML & Forms</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/browser-enhancements/">Browser Enhancements</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/browsable-api/">The Browsable API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas/">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Community <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../community/tutorials-and-resources/">Tutorials and Resources</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/third-party-packages/">Third Party Packages</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/contributing/">Contributing to REST framework</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/project-management/">Project management</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/release-notes/">Release Notes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.11-announcement/">3.11 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.10-announcement/">3.10 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.9-announcement/">3.9 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.8-announcement/">3.8 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.7-announcement/">3.7 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.6-announcement/">3.6 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.5-announcement/">3.5 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.4-announcement/">3.4 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.3-announcement/">3.3 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.2-announcement/">3.2 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.1-announcement/">3.1 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/3.0-announcement/">3.0 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/kickstarter-announcement/">Kickstarter Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/mozilla-grant/">Mozilla Grant</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/funding/">Funding</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../community/jobs/">Jobs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="body-content">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Search Modal -->
<div id="mkdocs_search_modal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form role="form" autocomplete="off">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..." id="mkdocs-search-query">
</div>
</form>
<div id="mkdocs-search-results"></div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span3">
<div id="table-of-contents">
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
<li class="main">
<a href="#tutorial-3-class-based-views">Tutorial 3: Class-based Views</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class-based views</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#using-mixins">Using mixins</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#using-generic-class-based-views">Using generic class-based views</a>
</li>
<div class="promo">
<hr/>
<div id="sidebarInclude">
</div>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
<h1 id="tutorial-3-class-based-views"><a class="toclink" href="#tutorial-3-class-based-views">Tutorial 3: Class-based Views</a></h1>
<p>We can also write our API views using class-based views, rather than function based views. As we'll see this is a powerful pattern that allows us to reuse common functionality, and helps us keep our code <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_repeat_yourself">DRY</a>.</p>
<h2 id="rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views"><a class="toclink" href="#rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class-based views</a></h2>
<p>We'll start by rewriting the root view as a class-based view. All this involves is a little bit of refactoring of <code>views.py</code>.</p>
<pre><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from django.http import Http404
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
class SnippetList(APIView):
"""
List all snippets, or create a new snippet.
"""
def get(self, request, format=None):
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
def post(self, request, format=None):
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
</code></pre>
<p>So far, so good. It looks pretty similar to the previous case, but we've got better separation between the different HTTP methods. We'll also need to update the instance view in <code>views.py</code>.</p>
<pre><code>class SnippetDetail(APIView):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a snippet instance.
"""
def get_object(self, pk):
try:
return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404
def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
return Response(serializer.data)
def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
snippet.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
</code></pre>
<p>That's looking good. Again, it's still pretty similar to the function based view right now.</p>
<p>We'll also need to refactor our <code>snippets/urls.py</code> slightly now that we're using class-based views.</p>
<pre><code>from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
path('snippets/', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
path('snippets/&lt;int:pk&gt;/', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
]
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
</code></pre>
<p>Okay, we're done. If you run the development server everything should be working just as before.</p>
<h2 id="using-mixins"><a class="toclink" href="#using-mixins">Using mixins</a></h2>
<p>One of the big wins of using class-based views is that it allows us to easily compose reusable bits of behaviour.</p>
<p>The create/retrieve/update/delete operations that we've been using so far are going to be pretty similar for any model-backed API views we create. Those bits of common behaviour are implemented in REST framework's mixin classes.</p>
<p>Let's take a look at how we can compose the views by using the mixin classes. Here's our <code>views.py</code> module again.</p>
<pre><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
</code></pre>
<p>We'll take a moment to examine exactly what's happening here. We're building our view using <code>GenericAPIView</code>, and adding in <code>ListModelMixin</code> and <code>CreateModelMixin</code>.</p>
<p>The base class provides the core functionality, and the mixin classes provide the <code>.list()</code> and <code>.create()</code> actions. We're then explicitly binding the <code>get</code> and <code>post</code> methods to the appropriate actions. Simple enough stuff so far.</p>
<pre><code>class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
</code></pre>
<p>Pretty similar. Again we're using the <code>GenericAPIView</code> class to provide the core functionality, and adding in mixins to provide the <code>.retrieve()</code>, <code>.update()</code> and <code>.destroy()</code> actions.</p>
<h2 id="using-generic-class-based-views"><a class="toclink" href="#using-generic-class-based-views">Using generic class-based views</a></h2>
<p>Using the mixin classes we've rewritten the views to use slightly less code than before, but we can go one step further. REST framework provides a set of already mixed-in generic views that we can use to trim down our <code>views.py</code> module even more.</p>
<pre><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
</code></pre>
<p>Wow, that's pretty concise. We've gotten a huge amount for free, and our code looks like good, clean, idiomatic Django.</p>
<p>Next we'll move onto <a href="../4-authentication-and-permissions/">part 4 of the tutorial</a>, where we'll take a look at how we can deal with authentication and permissions for our API.</p>
</div> <!--/span-->
</div> <!--/row-->
</div> <!--/.fluid-container-->
</div> <!--/.body content-->
<div id="push"></div>
</div> <!--/.wrapper -->
<footer class="span12">
<p>Documentation built with <a href="http://www.mkdocs.org/">MkDocs</a>.
</p>
</footer>
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script async src="https://fund.django-rest-framework.org/sidebar_include.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/theme.js"></script>
<script>var base_url = '../..';</script>
<script src="../../search/main.js" defer></script>
<script>
var shiftWindow = function() {
scrollBy(0, -50)
};
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
event.stopPropagation();
});
// Dynamically force sidenav/dropdown to no higher than browser window
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
$(function() {
$(window).resize(function() {
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in New Issue Copy Permalink