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Update docs
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Ryan P Kilby
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@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ If you have specific requirements for creating schema endpoints that are accesse
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For example, the following additional route could be used on a viewset to provide a linkable schema endpoint.
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@list_route(methods=['GET'])
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@action(methods=['GET'], detail=False)
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def schema(self, request):
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meta = self.metadata_class()
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data = meta.determine_metadata(request, self)
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@ -81,62 +81,45 @@ Router URL patterns can also be namespaces.
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If using namespacing with hyperlinked serializers you'll also need to ensure that any `view_name` parameters on the serializers correctly reflect the namespace. In the example above you'd need to include a parameter such as `view_name='api:user-detail'` for serializer fields hyperlinked to the user detail view.
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### Extra link and actions
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### Routing for extra actions
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Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@detail_route` or `@list_route` will also be routed.
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For example, given a method like this on the `UserViewSet` class:
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Any method on the viewset decorated with `@action` will be included in the generated routes. For example, given a method like this on the `UserViewSet` class:
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from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
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from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
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from rest_framework.decorators import action
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class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
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...
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@detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
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@action(methods=['post'], detail=True, permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
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def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
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...
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The following URL pattern would additionally be generated:
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The following route would be generated:
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* URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` Name: `'user-set-password'`
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* URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/set_password/$`
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* URL name: `'user-set-password'`
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If you do not want to use the default URL generated for your custom action, you can instead use the url_path parameter to customize it.
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By default, the URL pattern is based on the method name, and the URL name is the combination of the `ViewSet.basename` and the hyphenated method name.
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If you don't want to use the default URL or default name, you can instead pass the `url_path` and `url_name` arguments to the `@action` decorator.
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For example, if you want to change the URL for our custom action to `^users/{pk}/change-password/$`, you could write:
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from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
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from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
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from rest_framework.decorators import action
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class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
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...
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@detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf], url_path='change-password')
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@action(methods=['post'], detail=True, permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf],
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url_path='change-password', url_name='change_password')
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def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
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...
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The above example would now generate the following URL pattern:
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* URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/change-password/$` Name: `'user-change-password'`
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In the case you do not want to use the default name generated for your custom action, you can use the url_name parameter to customize it.
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For example, if you want to change the name of our custom action to `'user-change-password'`, you could write:
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from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
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from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
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class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
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...
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@detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf], url_name='change-password')
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def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
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...
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The above example would now generate the following URL pattern:
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* URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` Name: `'user-change-password'`
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You can also use url_path and url_name parameters together to obtain extra control on URL generation for custom views.
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* URL path: `^users/{pk}/change-password/$`
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* URL name: `'user-change_password'`
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For more information see the viewset documentation on [marking extra actions for routing][route-decorators].
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@ -144,18 +127,18 @@ For more information see the viewset documentation on [marking extra actions for
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## SimpleRouter
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This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions. The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators.
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This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions. The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@action` decorator.
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<table border=1>
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<tr><th>URL Style</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr>
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<tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{url_path}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@action(detail=False)` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{url_name}</td></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr>
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<tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr>
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<tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr>
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<tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{url_path}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@action(detail=True)` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{url_name}</td></tr>
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</table>
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By default the URLs created by `SimpleRouter` are appended with a trailing slash.
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@ -180,12 +163,12 @@ This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a d
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<tr><td>[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>automatically generated root view</td><td>api-root</td></tr></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr>
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<tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{url_path}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@action(detail=False)` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{url_name}</td></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr>
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<tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr>
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<tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr>
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<tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
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<tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{url_path}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@action(detail=True)` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{url_name}</td></tr>
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</table>
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As with `SimpleRouter` the trailing slashes on the URL routes can be removed by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False` when instantiating the router.
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@ -212,18 +195,18 @@ The arguments to the `Route` named tuple are:
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* `{basename}` - The base to use for the URL names that are created.
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**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view. Note that the `suffix` argument is reserved for identifying the viewset type, used when generating the view name and breadcrumb links.
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**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view. Note that the `detail`, `basename`, and `suffix` arguments are reserved for viewset introspection and are also used by the browsable API to generate the view name and breadcrumb links.
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## Customizing dynamic routes
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You can also customize how the `@list_route` and `@detail_route` decorators are routed.
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To route either or both of these decorators, include a `DynamicListRoute` and/or `DynamicDetailRoute` named tuple in the `.routes` list.
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You can also customize how the `@action` decorator is routed. Include the `DynamicRoute` named tuple in the `.routes` list, setting the `detail` argument as appropriate for the list-based and detail-based routes. In addition to `detail`, the arguments to `DynamicRoute` are:
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The arguments to `DynamicListRoute` and `DynamicDetailRoute` are:
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**url**: A string representing the URL to be routed. May include the same format strings as `Route`, and additionally accepts the `{url_path}` format string.
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**url**: A string representing the URL to be routed. May include the same format strings as `Route`, and additionally accepts the `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}` format strings.
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**name**: The name of the URL as used in `reverse` calls. May include the following format strings:
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**name**: The name of the URL as used in `reverse` calls. May include the following format strings: `{basename}`, `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}`.
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* `{basename}` - The base to use for the URL names that are created.
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* `{url_name}` - The `url_name` provided to the `@action`.
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**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view.
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@ -231,7 +214,7 @@ The arguments to `DynamicListRoute` and `DynamicDetailRoute` are:
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The following example will only route to the `list` and `retrieve` actions, and does not use the trailing slash convention.
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from rest_framework.routers import Route, DynamicDetailRoute, SimpleRouter
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from rest_framework.routers import Route, DynamicRoute, SimpleRouter
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class CustomReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter):
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"""
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@ -250,9 +233,10 @@ The following example will only route to the `list` and `retrieve` actions, and
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name='{basename}-detail',
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initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'}
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),
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DynamicDetailRoute(
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url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodnamehyphen}$',
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name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
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DynamicRoute(
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url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{url_path}$',
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name='{basename}-{url_name}',
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detail=True,
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initkwargs={}
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)
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]
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@ -269,7 +253,7 @@ Let's take a look at the routes our `CustomReadOnlyRouter` would generate for a
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serializer_class = UserSerializer
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lookup_field = 'username'
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@detail_route()
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@action(detail=True)
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def group_names(self, request, pk=None):
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"""
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Returns a list of all the group names that the given
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@ -102,10 +102,16 @@ The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a stand
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def destroy(self, request, pk=None):
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pass
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During dispatch the name of the current action is available via the `.action` attribute.
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You may inspect `.action` to adjust behaviour based on the current action.
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## Introspecting ViewSet actions
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For example, you could restrict permissions to everything except the `list` action similar to this:
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During dispatch, the following attributes are available on the `ViewSet`.
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* `basename` - the base to use for the URL names that are created.
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* `action` - the name of the current action (e.g., `list`, `create`).
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* `detail` - boolean indicating if the current action is configured for a list or detail view.
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* `suffix` - the display suffix for the viewset type - mirrors the `detail` attribute.
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You may inspect these attributes to adjust behaviour based on the current action. For example, you could restrict permissions to everything except the `list` action similar to this:
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def get_permissions(self):
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"""
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@ -119,16 +125,13 @@ For example, you could restrict permissions to everything except the `list` acti
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## Marking extra actions for routing
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If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators.
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If you have ad-hoc methods that should be routable, you can mark them as such with the `@action` decorator. Like regular actions, extra actions may be intended for either a list of objects, or a single instance. To indicate this, set the `detail` argument to `True` or `False`. The router will configure its URL patterns accordingly. e.g., the `DefaultRouter` will configure detail actions to contain `pk` in their URL patterns.
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The `@detail_route` decorator contains `pk` in its URL pattern and is intended for methods which require a single instance. The `@list_route` decorator is intended for methods which operate on a list of objects.
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For example:
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A more complete example of extra actions:
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from django.contrib.auth.models import User
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from rest_framework import status
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from rest_framework import viewsets
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from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route, list_route
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from rest_framework import status, viewsets
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from rest_framework.decorators import action
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from rest_framework.response import Response
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from myapp.serializers import UserSerializer, PasswordSerializer
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@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ For example:
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queryset = User.objects.all()
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serializer_class = UserSerializer
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@detail_route(methods=['post'])
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@action(methods=['post'], detail=True)
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def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
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user = self.get_object()
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serializer = PasswordSerializer(data=request.data)
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@ -151,7 +154,7 @@ For example:
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return Response(serializer.errors,
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status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
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@list_route()
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@action(detail=False)
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def recent_users(self, request):
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recent_users = User.objects.all().order('-last_login')
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@ -163,20 +166,22 @@ For example:
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serializer = self.get_serializer(recent_users, many=True)
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return Response(serializer.data)
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The decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only. For example...
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The decorator can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only. For example:
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@detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
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@action(methods=['post'], detail=True, permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
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def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
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...
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These decorators will route `GET` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `methods` argument. For example:
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These decorator will route `GET` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods by setting the `methods` argument. For example:
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@detail_route(methods=['post', 'delete'])
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@action(methods=['post', 'delete'], detail=True)
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def unset_password(self, request, pk=None):
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...
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The two new actions will then be available at the urls `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` and `^users/{pk}/unset_password/$`
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To view all extra actions, call the `.get_extra_actions()` method.
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## Reversing action URLs
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If you need to get the URL of an action, use the `.reverse_action()` method. This is a convenience wrapper for `reverse()`, automatically passing the view's `request` object and prepending the `url_name` with the `.basename` attribute.
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@ -190,7 +195,14 @@ Using the example from the previous section:
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'http://localhost:8000/api/users/1/set_password'
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```
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The `url_name` argument should match the same argument to the `@list_route` and `@detail_route` decorators. Additionally, this can be used to reverse the default `list` and `detail` routes.
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Alternatively, you can use the `url_name` attribute set by the `@action` decorator.
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```python
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>>> view.reverse_action(view.set_password.url_name, args=['1'])
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'http://localhost:8000/api/users/1/set_password'
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```
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The `url_name` argument for `.reverse_action()` should match the same argument to the `@action` decorator. Additionally, this method can be used to reverse the default actions, such as `list` and `create`.
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---
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Here we've used the `ReadOnlyModelViewSet` class to automatically provide the de
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Next we're going to replace the `SnippetList`, `SnippetDetail` and `SnippetHighlight` view classes. We can remove the three views, and again replace them with a single class.
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from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
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from rest_framework.decorators import action
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from rest_framework.response import Response
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class SnippetViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Next we're going to replace the `SnippetList`, `SnippetDetail` and `SnippetHighl
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permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,
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IsOwnerOrReadOnly,)
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@detail_route(renderer_classes=[renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer])
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@action(detail=True, renderer_classes=[renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer])
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def highlight(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
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snippet = self.get_object()
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return Response(snippet.highlighted)
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@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ Next we're going to replace the `SnippetList`, `SnippetDetail` and `SnippetHighl
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This time we've used the `ModelViewSet` class in order to get the complete set of default read and write operations.
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Notice that we've also used the `@detail_route` decorator to create a custom action, named `highlight`. This decorator can be used to add any custom endpoints that don't fit into the standard `create`/`update`/`delete` style.
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Notice that we've also used the `@action` decorator to create a custom action, named `highlight`. This decorator can be used to add any custom endpoints that don't fit into the standard `create`/`update`/`delete` style.
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Custom actions which use the `@detail_route` decorator will respond to `GET` requests by default. We can use the `methods` argument if we wanted an action that responded to `POST` requests.
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Custom actions which use the `@action` decorator will respond to `GET` requests by default. We can use the `methods` argument if we wanted an action that responded to `POST` requests.
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The URLs for custom actions by default depend on the method name itself. If you want to change the way url should be constructed, you can include url_path as a decorator keyword argument.
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The URLs for custom actions by default depend on the method name itself. If you want to change the way url should be constructed, you can include `url_path` as a decorator keyword argument.
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## Binding ViewSets to URLs explicitly
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