Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework

docs/api-guide/authentication.md

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ The only thing needed to make the `OAuth2Authentication` class work is to insert
 
 The command line to test the authentication looks like:
 
-    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <your-access-token>" http://localhost:8000/api/?client_id=YOUR_CLIENT_ID\&client_secret=YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET
+    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <your-access-token>" http://localhost:8000/api/
 
 ---
 

docs/topics/release-notes.md

@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ You can determine your currently installed version using `pip freeze`:
 
 ## 2.2.x series
 
+### Master
+
+* OAuth2 authentication no longer requires unneccessary URL parameters in addition to the token.
+* URL hyperlinking in browseable API now handles more cases correctly.
+* Bugfix: Fix regression with DjangoFilterBackend not worthing correctly with single object views.
+
 ### 2.2.5
 
 **Date**: 26th March 2013

rest_framework/authentication.py

@@ -2,14 +2,16 @@
 Provides a set of pluggable authentication policies.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import base64
+from datetime import datetime
+
 from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from rest_framework import exceptions, HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
 from rest_framework.compat import CsrfViewMiddleware
 from rest_framework.compat import oauth, oauth_provider, oauth_provider_store
-from rest_framework.compat import oauth2_provider, oauth2_provider_forms, oauth2_provider_backends
+from rest_framework.compat import oauth2_provider, oauth2_provider_forms
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
-import base64
 
 
 def get_authorization_header(request):
@@ -315,21 +317,15 @@ class OAuth2Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
         Authenticate the request, given the access token.
         """
 
-        # Authenticate the client
+        try:
-        oauth2_client_form = oauth2_provider_forms.ClientAuthForm(request.REQUEST)
+            token = oauth2_provider.models.AccessToken.objects.select_related('user')
-        if not oauth2_client_form.is_valid():
+            # TODO: Change to timezone aware datetime when oauth2_provider add
-            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('Client could not be validated')
+            # support to it.
-        client = oauth2_client_form.cleaned_data.get('client')
+            token = token.get(token=access_token, expires__gt=datetime.now())
-
+        except oauth2_provider.models.AccessToken.DoesNotExist:
-        # Retrieve the `OAuth2AccessToken` instance from the access_token
-        auth_backend = oauth2_provider_backends.AccessTokenBackend()
-        token = auth_backend.authenticate(access_token, client)
-        if token is None:
             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('Invalid token')
 
-        user = token.user
+        if not token.user.is_active:
-
-        if not user.is_active:
             msg = 'User inactive or deleted: %s' % user.username
             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
 

rest_framework/compat.py

@@ -395,6 +395,37 @@ except ImportError:
             kw = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kw.iteritems() if v is not None)
             return datetime.datetime(**kw)
 
+
+# smart_urlquote is new on Django 1.4
+try:
+    from django.utils.html import smart_urlquote
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from urllib.parse import quote, urlsplit, urlunsplit
+    except ImportError:     # Python 2
+        from urllib import quote
+        from urlparse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+
+    def smart_urlquote(url):
+        "Quotes a URL if it isn't already quoted."
+        # Handle IDN before quoting.
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url)
+        try:
+            netloc = netloc.encode('idna').decode('ascii') # IDN -> ACE
+        except UnicodeError: # invalid domain part
+            pass
+        else:
+            url = urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))
+
+        # An URL is considered unquoted if it contains no % characters or
+        # contains a % not followed by two hexadecimal digits. See #9655.
+        if '%' not in url or unquoted_percents_re.search(url):
+            # See http://bugs.python.org/issue2637
+            url = quote(force_bytes(url), safe=b'!*\'();:@&=+$,/?#[]~')
+
+        return force_text(url)
+
+
 # Markdown is optional
 try:
     import markdown
@@ -445,14 +476,12 @@ except ImportError:
 # OAuth 2 support is optional
 try:
     import provider.oauth2 as oauth2_provider
-    from provider.oauth2 import backends as oauth2_provider_backends
     from provider.oauth2 import models as oauth2_provider_models
     from provider.oauth2 import forms as oauth2_provider_forms
     from provider import scope as oauth2_provider_scope
     from provider import constants as oauth2_constants
 except ImportError:
     oauth2_provider = None
-    oauth2_provider_backends = None
     oauth2_provider_models = None
     oauth2_provider_forms = None
     oauth2_provider_scope = None

rest_framework/filters.py

@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@ class DjangoFilterBackend(BaseFilterBackend):
         filter_class = self.get_filter_class(view)
 
         if filter_class:
-            return filter_class(request.QUERY_PARAMS, queryset=queryset)
+            return filter_class(request.QUERY_PARAMS, queryset=queryset).qs
 
         return queryset

rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py

@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@ from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse, NoReverseMatch
 from django.http import QueryDict
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, mark_safe
-from rest_framework.compat import urlparse
+from rest_framework.compat import urlparse, force_text, six, smart_urlquote
-from rest_framework.compat import force_text
+import re, string
-from rest_framework.compat import six
-import re
-import string
 
 register = template.Library()
 
@@ -112,22 +109,6 @@ def replace_query_param(url, key, val):
 class_re = re.compile(r'(?<=class=["\'])(.*)(?=["\'])')
 
 
-# Bunch of stuff cloned from urlize
-LEADING_PUNCTUATION = ['(', '<', '&lt;', '"', "'"]
-TRAILING_PUNCTUATION = ['.', ',', ')', '>', '\n', '&gt;', '"', "'"]
-DOTS = ['&middot;', '*', '\xe2\x80\xa2', '&#149;', '&bull;', '&#8226;']
-unencoded_ampersands_re = re.compile(r'&(?!(\w+|#\d+);)')
-word_split_re = re.compile(r'(\s+)')
-punctuation_re = re.compile('^(?P<lead>(?:%s)*)(?P<middle>.*?)(?P<trail>(?:%s)*)$' % \
-    ('|'.join([re.escape(x) for x in LEADING_PUNCTUATION]),
-    '|'.join([re.escape(x) for x in TRAILING_PUNCTUATION])))
-simple_email_re = re.compile(r'^\S+@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$')
-link_target_attribute_re = re.compile(r'(<a [^>]*?)target=[^\s>]+')
-html_gunk_re = re.compile(r'(?:<br clear="all">|<i><\/i>|<b><\/b>|<em><\/em>|<strong><\/strong>|<\/?smallcaps>|<\/?uppercase>)', re.IGNORECASE)
-hard_coded_bullets_re = re.compile(r'((?:<p>(?:%s).*?[a-zA-Z].*?</p>\s*)+)' % '|'.join([re.escape(x) for x in DOTS]), re.DOTALL)
-trailing_empty_content_re = re.compile(r'(?:<p>(?:&nbsp;|\s|<br \/>)*?</p>\s*)+\Z')
-
-
 # And the template tags themselves...
 
 @register.simple_tag
@@ -195,15 +176,25 @@ def add_class(value, css_class):
     return value
 
 
+# Bunch of stuff cloned from urlize
+TRAILING_PUNCTUATION = ['.', ',', ':', ';', '.)', '"', "'"]
+WRAPPING_PUNCTUATION = [('(', ')'), ('<', '>'), ('[', ']'), ('&lt;', '&gt;'),
+                        ('"', '"'), ("'", "'")]
+word_split_re = re.compile(r'(\s+)')
+simple_url_re = re.compile(r'^https?://\w', re.IGNORECASE)
+simple_url_2_re = re.compile(r'^www\.|^(?!http)\w[^@]+\.(com|edu|gov|int|mil|net|org)$', re.IGNORECASE)
+simple_email_re = re.compile(r'^\S+@\S+\.\S+$')
+
+
 @register.filter
 def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=True):
     """
     Converts any URLs in text into clickable links.
 
-    Works on http://, https://, www. links and links ending in .org, .net or
+    Works on http://, https://, www. links, and also on links ending in one of
-    .com. Links can have trailing punctuation (periods, commas, close-parens)
+    the original seven gTLDs (.com, .edu, .gov, .int, .mil, .net, and .org).
-    and leading punctuation (opening parens) and it'll still do the right
+    Links can have trailing punctuation (periods, commas, close-parens) and
-    thing.
+    leading punctuation (opening parens) and it'll still do the right thing.
 
     If trim_url_limit is not None, the URLs in link text longer than this limit
     will truncated to trim_url_limit-3 characters and appended with an elipsis.
@@ -216,24 +207,41 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
     trim_url = lambda x, limit=trim_url_limit: limit is not None and (len(x) > limit and ('%s...' % x[:max(0, limit - 3)])) or x
     safe_input = isinstance(text, SafeData)
     words = word_split_re.split(force_text(text))
-    nofollow_attr = nofollow and ' rel="nofollow"' or ''
     for i, word in enumerate(words):
         match = None
         if '.' in word or '@' in word or ':' in word:
-            match = punctuation_re.match(word)
+            # Deal with punctuation.
-        if match:
+            lead, middle, trail = '', word, ''
-            lead, middle, trail = match.groups()
+            for punctuation in TRAILING_PUNCTUATION:
+                if middle.endswith(punctuation):
+                    middle = middle[:-len(punctuation)]
+                    trail = punctuation + trail
+            for opening, closing in WRAPPING_PUNCTUATION:
+                if middle.startswith(opening):
+                    middle = middle[len(opening):]
+                    lead = lead + opening
+                # Keep parentheses at the end only if they're balanced.
+                if (middle.endswith(closing)
+                    and middle.count(closing) == middle.count(opening) + 1):
+                    middle = middle[:-len(closing)]
+                    trail = closing + trail
+
             # Make URL we want to point to.
             url = None
-            if middle.startswith('http://') or middle.startswith('https://'):
+            nofollow_attr = ' rel="nofollow"' if nofollow else ''
-                url = middle
+            if simple_url_re.match(middle):
-            elif middle.startswith('www.') or ('@' not in middle and \
+                url = smart_urlquote(middle)
-                    middle and middle[0] in string.ascii_letters + string.digits and \
+            elif simple_url_2_re.match(middle):
-                    (middle.endswith('.org') or middle.endswith('.net') or middle.endswith('.com'))):
+                url = smart_urlquote('http://%s' % middle)
-                url = 'http://%s' % middle
+            elif not ':' in middle and simple_email_re.match(middle):
-            elif '@' in middle and not ':' in middle and simple_email_re.match(middle):
+                local, domain = middle.rsplit('@', 1)
-                url = 'mailto:%s' % middle
+                try:
+                    domain = domain.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
+                except UnicodeError:
+                    continue
+                url = 'mailto:%s@%s' % (local, domain)
                 nofollow_attr = ''
+
             # Make link.
             if url:
                 trimmed = trim_url(middle)
@@ -251,4 +259,4 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
             words[i] = mark_safe(word)
         elif autoescape:
             words[i] = escape(word)
-    return mark_safe(''.join(words))
+    return ''.join(words)

rest_framework/tests/authentication.py

@@ -466,17 +466,13 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
     def _create_authorization_header(self, token=None):
         return "Bearer {0}".format(token or self.access_token.token)
 
-    def _client_credentials_params(self):
-        return {'client_id': self.CLIENT_ID, 'client_secret': self.CLIENT_SECRET}
-
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
     def test_get_form_with_wrong_authorization_header_token_type_failing(self):
         """Ensure that a wrong token type lead to the correct HTTP error status code"""
         auth = "Wrong token-type-obsviously"
         response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', {}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
@@ -485,8 +481,7 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         auth = "Bearer wrong token format"
         response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', {}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
@@ -495,33 +490,21 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         auth = "Bearer wrong-token"
         response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', {}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-
-    @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
-    def test_get_form_with_wrong_client_data_failing_auth(self):
-        """Ensure GETing form over OAuth with incorrect client credentials fails"""
-        auth = self._create_authorization_header()
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
-        params['client_id'] += 'a'
-        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
     def test_get_form_passing_auth(self):
         """Ensure GETing form over OAuth with correct client credentials succeed"""
         auth = self._create_authorization_header()
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
     def test_post_form_passing_auth(self):
         """Ensure POSTing form over OAuth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF"""
         auth = self._create_authorization_header()
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
@@ -529,16 +512,14 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         """Ensure POSTing when there is no OAuth access token in db fails"""
         self.access_token.delete()
         auth = self._create_authorization_header()
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN))
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
     def test_post_form_with_refresh_token_failing_auth(self):
         """Ensure POSTing with refresh token instead of access token fails"""
         auth = self._create_authorization_header(token=self.refresh_token.token)
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN))
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
@@ -547,8 +528,7 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         self.access_token.expires = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=10)  # 10 seconds late
         self.access_token.save()
         auth = self._create_authorization_header()
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN))
         self.assertIn('Invalid token', response.content)
 
@@ -559,10 +539,9 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         read_only_access_token.scope = oauth2_provider_scope.SCOPE_NAME_DICT['read']
         read_only_access_token.save()
         auth = self._create_authorization_header(token=read_only_access_token.token)
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
+        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
@@ -572,6 +551,5 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         read_write_access_token.scope = oauth2_provider_scope.SCOPE_NAME_DICT['write']
         read_write_access_token.save()
         auth = self._create_authorization_header(token=read_write_access_token.token)
-        params = self._client_credentials_params()
+        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', params, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

rest_framework/tests/filterset.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
+from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
 from django.utils import unittest
 from rest_framework import generics, status, filters
-from rest_framework.compat import django_filters
+from rest_framework.compat import django_filters, patterns, url
 from rest_framework.tests.models import FilterableItem, BasicModel
 
 factory = RequestFactory()
@@ -46,11 +47,20 @@ if django_filters:
         filter_class = MisconfiguredFilter
         filter_backend = filters.DjangoFilterBackend
 
+    class FilterClassDetailView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
+        model = FilterableItem
+        filter_class = SeveralFieldsFilter
+        filter_backend = filters.DjangoFilterBackend
 
-class IntegrationTestFiltering(TestCase):
+    urlpatterns = patterns('',
-    """
+        url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', FilterClassDetailView.as_view(), name='detail-view'),
-    Integration tests for filtered list views.
+        url(r'^$', FilterClassRootView.as_view(), name='root-view'),
-    """
+    )
+
+
+class CommonFilteringTestCase(TestCase):
+    def _serialize_object(self, obj):
+        return {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text, 'decimal': obj.decimal, 'date': obj.date}
     
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -65,10 +75,16 @@ class IntegrationTestFiltering(TestCase):
 
         self.objects = FilterableItem.objects
         self.data = [
-            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text, 'decimal': obj.decimal, 'date': obj.date}
+            self._serialize_object(obj)
             for obj in self.objects.all()
         ]
 
+
+class IntegrationTestFiltering(CommonFilteringTestCase):
+    """
+    Integration tests for filtered list views.
+    """
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(django_filters, 'django-filters not installed')
     def test_get_filtered_fields_root_view(self):
         """
@@ -167,3 +183,50 @@ class IntegrationTestFiltering(TestCase):
         request = factory.get('/?integer=%s' % search_integer)
         response = view(request).render()
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+
+
+class IntegrationTestDetailFiltering(CommonFilteringTestCase):
+    """
+    Integration tests for filtered detail views.
+    """
+    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.filterset'
+    
+    def _get_url(self, item):
+        return reverse('detail-view', kwargs=dict(pk=item.pk))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(django_filters, 'django-filters not installed')
+    def test_get_filtered_detail_view(self):
+        """
+        GET requests to filtered RetrieveAPIView that have a filter_class set
+        should return filtered results.
+        """
+        item = self.objects.all()[0]
+        data = self._serialize_object(item)
+
+        # Basic test with no filter.
+        response = self.client.get(self._get_url(item))
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+        self.assertEqual(response.data, data)
+
+        # Tests that the decimal filter set that should fail.
+        search_decimal = Decimal('4.25')
+        high_item = self.objects.filter(decimal__gt=search_decimal)[0]
+        response = self.client.get('{url}?decimal={param}'.format(url=self._get_url(high_item), param=search_decimal))
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
+
+        # Tests that the decimal filter set that should succeed.
+        search_decimal = Decimal('4.25')
+        low_item = self.objects.filter(decimal__lt=search_decimal)[0]
+        low_item_data = self._serialize_object(low_item)
+        response = self.client.get('{url}?decimal={param}'.format(url=self._get_url(low_item), param=search_decimal))
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+        self.assertEqual(response.data, low_item_data)
+        
+        # Tests that multiple filters works.
+        search_decimal = Decimal('5.25')
+        search_date = datetime.date(2012, 10, 2)
+        valid_item = self.objects.filter(decimal__lt=search_decimal, date__gt=search_date)[0]
+        valid_item_data = self._serialize_object(valid_item)
+        response = self.client.get('{url}?decimal={decimal}&date={date}'.format(url=self._get_url(valid_item), decimal=search_decimal, date=search_date))
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+        self.assertEqual(response.data, valid_item_data)

rest_framework/tests/pagination.py

@@ -129,16 +129,6 @@ class IntegrationTestPaginationAndFiltering(TestCase):
         view = FilterFieldsRootView.as_view()
 
         EXPECTED_NUM_QUERIES = 2
-        if django.VERSION < (1, 4):
-            # On Django 1.3 we need to use django-filter 0.5.4
-            #
-            # The filter objects there don't expose a `.count()` method,
-            # which means we only make a single query *but* it's a single
-            # query across *all* of the queryset, instead of a COUNT and then
-            # a SELECT with a LIMIT.
-            #
-            # Although this is fewer queries, it's actually a regression.
-            EXPECTED_NUM_QUERIES = 1
 
         request = factory.get('/?decimal=15.20')
         with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_NUM_QUERIES):