unittest to pytest assertion convertions

.gitignore

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 *.db
 *~
 .*
-.py.bak
+*.py.bak
 
 
 /site/

tests/test_atomic_requests.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from tests.models import BasicModel
+import pytest
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
 
@@ -52,51 +53,49 @@ urlpatterns = (
     connection.features.uses_savepoints,
     "'atomic' requires transactions and savepoints."
 )
-class DBTransactionTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.view = BasicView.as_view()
-        connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = True
+def setUp(self):
+    self.view = BasicView.as_view()
+    connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = True
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = False
+    connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = False
 
     def test_no_exception_commit_transaction(self):
-        request = factory.post('/')
-
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request)
+    request = factory.post('/')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request)
         assert not transaction.get_rollback()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert BasicModel.objects.count() == 1
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_200_OK
+assertBasicModel.objects.count()==1
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(
     connection.features.uses_savepoints,
     "'atomic' requires transactions and savepoints."
 )
-class DBTransactionErrorTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.view = ErrorView.as_view()
-        connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = True
+def setUp(self):
+    self.view = ErrorView.as_view()
+    connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = True
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = False
+    connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = False
 
     def test_generic_exception_delegate_transaction_management(self):
-        """
+    """
         Transaction is eventually managed by outer-most transaction atomic
         block. DRF do not try to interfere here.
 
         We let django deal with the transaction when it will catch the Exception.
         """
-        request = factory.post('/')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(3):
+    request = factory.post('/')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(3):
             # 1 - begin savepoint
             # 2 - insert
             # 3 - release savepoint
-            with transaction.atomic():
-                self.assertRaises(Exception, self.view, request)
-                assert not transaction.get_rollback()
+        with transaction.atomic():
+            with pytest.raises(Exception):
+                    self.view(request)
+            assert not transaction.get_rollback()
         assert BasicModel.objects.count() == 1
 
 
@@ -104,30 +103,29 @@ class DBTransactionErrorTests(TestCase):
     connection.features.uses_savepoints,
     "'atomic' requires transactions and savepoints."
 )
-class DBTransactionAPIExceptionTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.view = APIExceptionView.as_view()
-        connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = True
+def setUp(self):
+    self.view = APIExceptionView.as_view()
+    connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = True
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = False
+    connections.databases['default']['ATOMIC_REQUESTS'] = False
 
     def test_api_exception_rollback_transaction(self):
-        """
+    """
         Transaction is rollbacked by our transaction atomic block.
         """
-        request = factory.post('/')
-        num_queries = 4 if connection.features.can_release_savepoints else 3
-        with self.assertNumQueries(num_queries):
+    request = factory.post('/')
+    num_queries = 4 if connection.features.can_release_savepoints else 3
+    with self.assertNumQueries(num_queries):
             # 1 - begin savepoint
             # 2 - insert
             # 3 - rollback savepoint
             # 4 - release savepoint
-            with transaction.atomic():
-                response = self.view(request)
-                assert transaction.get_rollback()
+        with transaction.atomic():
+            response = self.view(request)
+            assert transaction.get_rollback()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
-        assert BasicModel.objects.count() == 0
+assertBasicModel.objects.count()==0
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(

tests/test_authtoken.py

@@ -13,74 +13,68 @@ from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
 from rest_framework.authtoken.serializers import AuthTokenSerializer
 from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
 
-
-class AuthTokenTests(TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.site = site
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='test_user')
-        self.token = Token.objects.create(key='test token', user=self.user)
+def setUp(self):
+    self.site = site
+    self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='test_user')
+    self.token = Token.objects.create(key='test token', user=self.user)
 
     def test_model_admin_displayed_fields(self):
-        mock_request = object()
-        token_admin = TokenAdmin(self.token, self.site)
-        assert token_admin.get_fields(mock_request) == ('user',)
+    mock_request = object()
+    token_admin = TokenAdmin(self.token, self.site)
+    assert token_admin.get_fields(mock_request) == ('user',)
 
     def test_token_string_representation(self):
-        assert str(self.token) == 'test token'
+    assert str(self.token) == 'test token'
 
     def test_validate_raise_error_if_no_credentials_provided(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
-            AuthTokenSerializer().validate({})
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+        AuthTokenSerializer().validate({})
 
     def test_whitespace_in_password(self):
-        data = {'username': self.user.username, 'password': 'test pass '}
-        self.user.set_password(data['password'])
-        self.user.save()
-        assert AuthTokenSerializer(data=data).is_valid()
+    data = {'username': self.user.username, 'password': 'test pass '}
+    self.user.set_password(data['password'])
+    self.user.save()
+    assert AuthTokenSerializer(data=data).is_valid()
 
 
-class AuthTokenCommandTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.site = site
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='test_user')
+def setUp(self):
+    self.site = site
+    self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='test_user')
 
     def test_command_create_user_token(self):
-        token = AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
-        assert token is not None
-        token_saved = Token.objects.first()
-        assert token.key == token_saved.key
+    token = AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
+    assert token is not None
+    token_saved = Token.objects.first()
+    assert token.key == token_saved.key
 
     def test_command_create_user_token_invalid_user(self):
-        with pytest.raises(User.DoesNotExist):
-            AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token('not_existing_user', False)
+    with pytest.raises(User.DoesNotExist):
+        AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token('not_existing_user', False)
 
     def test_command_reset_user_token(self):
-        AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
-        first_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
-        AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, True)
-        second_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
-
-        assert first_token_key != second_token_key
+    AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
+    first_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
+    AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, True)
+    second_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
+    assert first_token_key != second_token_key
 
     def test_command_do_not_reset_user_token(self):
-        AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
-        first_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
-        AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
-        second_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
-
-        assert first_token_key == second_token_key
+    AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
+    first_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
+    AuthTokenCommand().create_user_token(self.user.username, False)
+    second_token_key = Token.objects.first().key
+    assert first_token_key == second_token_key
 
     def test_command_raising_error_for_invalid_user(self):
-        out = StringIO()
-        with pytest.raises(CommandError):
-            call_command('drf_create_token', 'not_existing_user', stdout=out)
+    out = StringIO()
+    with pytest.raises(CommandError):
+        call_command('drf_create_token', 'not_existing_user', stdout=out)
 
     def test_command_output(self):
-        out = StringIO()
-        call_command('drf_create_token', self.user.username, stdout=out)
-        token_saved = Token.objects.first()
-        self.assertIn('Generated token', out.getvalue())
-        self.assertIn(self.user.username, out.getvalue())
-        self.assertIn(token_saved.key, out.getvalue())
+    out = StringIO()
+    call_command('drf_create_token', self.user.username, stdout=out)
+    token_saved = Token.objects.first()
+    assert 'Generated token' in out.getvalue()
+    assert self.user.username in out.getvalue()
+    assert token_saved.key in out.getvalue()

tests/test_decorators.py

@@ -17,307 +17,270 @@ from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
 from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 
-
-class DecoratorTestCase(TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.factory = APIRequestFactory()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.factory = APIRequestFactory()
 
     def _finalize_response(self, request, response, *args, **kwargs):
-        response.request = request
-        return APIView.finalize_response(self, request, response, *args, **kwargs)
+    response.request = request
+    return APIView.finalize_response(self, request, response, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def test_api_view_incorrect(self):
-        """
+    """
         If @api_view is not applied correct, we should raise an assertion.
         """
+    @api_view
+    def view(request):
+        return Response()
 
-        @api_view
+        request = self.factory.get('/')
+withpytest.raises(AssertionError):
+view(request)
+
+    def test_api_view_incorrect_arguments(self):
+    """
+        If @api_view is missing arguments, we should raise an assertion.
+        """
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        @api_view('GET')
         def view(request):
             return Response()
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/')
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, view, request)
-
-    def test_api_view_incorrect_arguments(self):
-        """
-        If @api_view is missing arguments, we should raise an assertion.
-        """
-
-        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
-            @api_view('GET')
-            def view(request):
-                return Response()
-
     def test_calling_method(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET'])
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET'])
+    def view(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-
-        request = self.factory.post('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_200_OK
+request=self.factory.post('/')
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
 
     def test_calling_put_method(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET', 'PUT'])
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET', 'PUT'])
+    def view(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.put('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-
-        request = self.factory.post('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_200_OK
+request=self.factory.post('/')
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
 
     def test_calling_patch_method(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET', 'PATCH'])
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET', 'PATCH'])
+    def view(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.patch('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-
-        request = self.factory.post('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_200_OK
+request=self.factory.post('/')
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
 
     def test_renderer_classes(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET'])
-        @renderer_classes([JSONRenderer])
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET'])
+    @renderer_classes([JSONRenderer])
+    def view(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert isinstance(response.accepted_renderer, JSONRenderer)
+response=view(request)
+assertisinstance(response.accepted_renderer,JSONRenderer)
 
     def test_parser_classes(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET'])
-        @parser_classes([JSONParser])
-        def view(request):
-            assert len(request.parsers) == 1
-            assert isinstance(request.parsers[0], JSONParser)
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET'])
+    @parser_classes([JSONParser])
+    def view(request):
+        assert len(request.parsers) == 1
+        assert isinstance(request.parsers[0], JSONParser)
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.get('/')
-        view(request)
+view(request)
 
     def test_authentication_classes(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET'])
-        @authentication_classes([BasicAuthentication])
-        def view(request):
-            assert len(request.authenticators) == 1
-            assert isinstance(request.authenticators[0], BasicAuthentication)
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET'])
+    @authentication_classes([BasicAuthentication])
+    def view(request):
+        assert len(request.authenticators) == 1
+        assert isinstance(request.authenticators[0], BasicAuthentication)
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.get('/')
-        view(request)
+view(request)
 
     def test_permission_classes(self):
 
-        @api_view(['GET'])
-        @permission_classes([IsAuthenticated])
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+    @api_view(['GET'])
+    @permission_classes([IsAuthenticated])
+    def view(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
     def test_throttle_classes(self):
-        class OncePerDayUserThrottle(UserRateThrottle):
-            rate = '1/day'
+    class OncePerDayUserThrottle(UserRateThrottle):
+        rate = '1/day'
 
         @api_view(['GET'])
-        @throttle_classes([OncePerDayUserThrottle])
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+@throttle_classes([OncePerDayUserThrottle])
+defview(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         request = self.factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_200_OK
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
 
     def test_schema(self):
-        """
+    """
         Checks CustomSchema class is set on view
         """
-        class CustomSchema(AutoSchema):
-            pass
+    class CustomSchema(AutoSchema):
+        pass
 
         @api_view(['GET'])
-        @schema(CustomSchema())
-        def view(request):
-            return Response({})
+@schema(CustomSchema())
+defview(request):
+        return Response({})
 
         assert isinstance(view.cls.schema, CustomSchema)
 
 
-class ActionDecoratorTestCase(TestCase):
 
-    def test_defaults(self):
-        @action(detail=True)
-        def test_action(request):
-            """Description"""
+def test_defaults(self):
+    @action(detail=True)
+    def test_action(request):
+        """Description"""
 
         assert test_action.mapping == {'get': 'test_action'}
-        assert test_action.detail is True
-        assert test_action.url_path == 'test_action'
-        assert test_action.url_name == 'test-action'
-        assert test_action.kwargs == {
-            'name': 'Test action',
-            'description': 'Description',
-        }
+asserttest_action.detailisTrue
+asserttest_action.url_path=='test_action'
+asserttest_action.url_name=='test-action'
+asserttest_action.kwargs=={'name':'Test action','description':'Description',}
 
     def test_detail_required(self):
-        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
-            @action()
-            def test_action(request):
-                raise NotImplementedError
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
+        @action()
+        def test_action(request):
+            raise NotImplementedError
 
         assert str(excinfo.value) == "@action() missing required argument: 'detail'"
 
     def test_method_mapping_http_methods(self):
         # All HTTP methods should be mappable
-        @action(detail=False, methods=[])
-        def test_action():
-            raise NotImplementedError
+    @action(detail=False, methods=[])
+    def test_action():
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
         for name in APIView.http_method_names:
-            def method():
-                raise NotImplementedError
+        def method():
+            raise NotImplementedError
 
             method.__name__ = name
-            getattr(test_action.mapping, name)(method)
+getattr(test_action.mapping,name)(method)
 
         # ensure the mapping returns the correct method name
         for name in APIView.http_method_names:
-            assert test_action.mapping[name] == name
+        assert test_action.mapping[name] == name
 
     def test_view_name_kwargs(self):
-        """
+    """
         'name' and 'suffix' are mutually exclusive kwargs used for generating
         a view's display name.
         """
-        # by default, generate name from method
-        @action(detail=True)
-        def test_action(request):
-            raise NotImplementedError
+    @action(detail=True)
+    def test_action(request):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
-        assert test_action.kwargs == {
-            'description': None,
-            'name': 'Test action',
-        }
+        assert test_action.kwargs == {'description':None,'name':'Test action',}
+@action(detail=True,name='test name')
+deftest_action(request):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
-        # name kwarg supersedes name generation
-        @action(detail=True, name='test name')
-        def test_action(request):
-            raise NotImplementedError
+        assert test_action.kwargs == {'description':None,'name':'test name',}
+@action(detail=True,suffix='Suffix')
+deftest_action(request):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
-        assert test_action.kwargs == {
-            'description': None,
-            'name': 'test name',
-        }
-
-        # suffix kwarg supersedes name generation
-        @action(detail=True, suffix='Suffix')
-        def test_action(request):
-            raise NotImplementedError
-
-        assert test_action.kwargs == {
-            'description': None,
-            'suffix': 'Suffix',
-        }
-
-        # name + suffix is a conflict.
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
-            action(detail=True, name='test name', suffix='Suffix')
+        assert test_action.kwargs == {'description':None,'suffix':'Suffix',}
+withpytest.raises(TypeError)asexcinfo:
+        action(detail=True, name='test name', suffix='Suffix')
 
         assert str(excinfo.value) == "`name` and `suffix` are mutually exclusive arguments."
 
     def test_method_mapping(self):
-        @action(detail=False)
-        def test_action(request):
-            raise NotImplementedError
+    @action(detail=False)
+    def test_action(request):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
         @test_action.mapping.post
-        def test_action_post(request):
-            raise NotImplementedError
+deftest_action_post(request):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
         # The secondary handler methods should not have the action attributes
         for name in ['mapping', 'detail', 'url_path', 'url_name', 'kwargs']:
-            assert hasattr(test_action, name) and not hasattr(test_action_post, name)
+        assert hasattr(test_action, name) and not hasattr(test_action_post, name)
 
     def test_method_mapping_already_mapped(self):
-        @action(detail=True)
-        def test_action(request):
-            raise NotImplementedError
+    @action(detail=True)
+    def test_action(request):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
         msg = "Method 'get' has already been mapped to '.test_action'."
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, msg):
-            @test_action.mapping.get
-            def test_action_get(request):
-                raise NotImplementedError
+withself.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError,msg):
+        @test_action.mapping.get
+        def test_action_get(request):
+            raise NotImplementedError
 
     def test_method_mapping_overwrite(self):
-        @action(detail=True)
+    @action(detail=True)
+    def test_action():
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+        msg = ("Method mapping does not behave like the property decorator. You ""cannot use the same method name for each mapping declaration.")
+withself.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError,msg):
+        @test_action.mapping.post
         def test_action():
             raise NotImplementedError
 
-        msg = ("Method mapping does not behave like the property decorator. You "
-               "cannot use the same method name for each mapping declaration.")
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, msg):
-            @test_action.mapping.post
-            def test_action():
-                raise NotImplementedError
-
     def test_detail_route_deprecation(self):
-        with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF310Warning) as record:
-            @detail_route()
-            def view(request):
-                raise NotImplementedError
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF310Warning) as record:
+        @detail_route()
+        def view(request):
+            raise NotImplementedError
 
         assert len(record) == 1
-        assert str(record[0].message) == (
-            "`detail_route` is deprecated and will be removed in "
-            "3.10 in favor of `action`, which accepts a `detail` bool. Use "
-            "`@action(detail=True)` instead."
-        )
+assertstr(record[0].message)==("`detail_route` is deprecated and will be removed in ""3.10 in favor of `action`, which accepts a `detail` bool. Use ""`@action(detail=True)` instead.")
 
     def test_list_route_deprecation(self):
-        with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF310Warning) as record:
-            @list_route()
-            def view(request):
-                raise NotImplementedError
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF310Warning) as record:
+        @list_route()
+        def view(request):
+            raise NotImplementedError
 
         assert len(record) == 1
-        assert str(record[0].message) == (
-            "`list_route` is deprecated and will be removed in "
-            "3.10 in favor of `action`, which accepts a `detail` bool. Use "
-            "`@action(detail=False)` instead."
-        )
+assertstr(record[0].message)==("`list_route` is deprecated and will be removed in ""3.10 in favor of `action`, which accepts a `detail` bool. Use ""`@action(detail=False)` instead.")
 
     def test_route_url_name_from_path(self):
         # pre-3.8 behavior was to base the `url_name` off of the `url_path`
-        with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF310Warning):
-            @list_route(url_path='foo_bar')
-            def view(request):
-                raise NotImplementedError
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF310Warning):
+        @list_route(url_path='foo_bar')
+        def view(request):
+            raise NotImplementedError
 
         assert view.url_path == 'foo_bar'
-        assert view.url_name == 'foo-bar'
+assertview.url_name=='foo-bar'

tests/test_description.py

@@ -69,37 +69,34 @@ MARKED_DOWN_gte_21 = """<h2 id="an-example-docstring">an example docstring</h2>
 </code></pre>
 <p>indented</p>
 <h2 id="hash-style-header">hash style header</h2>%s"""
-
-
-class TestViewNamesAndDescriptions(TestCase):
-    def test_view_name_uses_class_name(self):
-        """
+def test_view_name_uses_class_name(self):
+    """
         Ensure view names are based on the class name.
         """
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            pass
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        pass
         assert MockView().get_view_name() == 'Mock'
 
     def test_view_name_uses_name_attribute(self):
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            name = 'Foo'
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        name = 'Foo'
         assert MockView().get_view_name() == 'Foo'
 
     def test_view_name_uses_suffix_attribute(self):
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            suffix = 'List'
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        suffix = 'List'
         assert MockView().get_view_name() == 'Mock List'
 
     def test_view_name_preferences_name_over_suffix(self):
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            name = 'Foo'
-            suffix = 'List'
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        name = 'Foo'
+        suffix = 'List'
         assert MockView().get_view_name() == 'Foo'
 
     def test_view_description_uses_docstring(self):
-        """Ensure view descriptions are based on the docstring."""
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            """an example docstring
+    """Ensure view descriptions are based on the docstring."""
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        """an example docstring
             ====================
 
             * list
@@ -124,64 +121,53 @@ class TestViewNamesAndDescriptions(TestCase):
         assert MockView().get_view_description() == DESCRIPTION
 
     def test_view_description_uses_description_attribute(self):
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            description = 'Foo'
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        description = 'Foo'
         assert MockView().get_view_description() == 'Foo'
 
     def test_view_description_allows_empty_description(self):
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            """Description."""
-            description = ''
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        """Description."""
+        description = ''
         assert MockView().get_view_description() == ''
 
     def test_view_description_can_be_empty(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure that if a view has no docstring,
         then it's description is the empty string.
         """
-        class MockView(APIView):
-            pass
+    class MockView(APIView):
+        pass
         assert MockView().get_view_description() == ''
 
     def test_view_description_can_be_promise(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure a view may have a docstring that is actually a lazily evaluated
         class that can be converted to a string.
 
         See: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/1708
         """
-        # use a mock object instead of gettext_lazy to ensure that we can't end
-        # up with a test case string in our l10n catalog
-
-        class MockLazyStr:
-            def __init__(self, string):
-                self.s = string
+    class MockLazyStr:
+        def __init__(self, string):
+            self.s = string
 
             def __str__(self):
-                return self.s
+            return self.s
 
         class MockView(APIView):
-            __doc__ = MockLazyStr("a gettext string")
+        __doc__ = MockLazyStr("a gettext string")
 
         assert MockView().get_view_description() == 'a gettext string'
 
     def test_markdown(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure markdown to HTML works as expected.
         """
-        if apply_markdown:
-            md_applied = apply_markdown(DESCRIPTION)
-            gte_21_match = (
-                md_applied == (
-                    MARKED_DOWN_gte_21 % MARKED_DOWN_HILITE) or
-                md_applied == (
-                    MARKED_DOWN_gte_21 % MARKED_DOWN_NOT_HILITE))
-            lt_21_match = (
-                md_applied == (
-                    MARKED_DOWN_lt_21 % MARKED_DOWN_HILITE) or
-                md_applied == (
-                    MARKED_DOWN_lt_21 % MARKED_DOWN_NOT_HILITE))
-            assert gte_21_match or lt_21_match
+    if apply_markdown:
+        md_applied = apply_markdown(DESCRIPTION)
+        gte_21_match = (        md_applied == (        MARKED_DOWN_gte_21 % MARKED_DOWN_HILITE) or        md_applied == (        MARKED_DOWN_gte_21 % MARKED_DOWN_NOT_HILITE))
+        lt_21_match = (        md_applied == (        MARKED_DOWN_lt_21 % MARKED_DOWN_HILITE) or        md_applied == (        MARKED_DOWN_lt_21 % MARKED_DOWN_NOT_HILITE))
+        assert gte_21_match or lt_21_match
 
 
 def test_dedent_tabs():

tests/test_encoders.py

@@ -15,81 +15,79 @@ class MockList:
         return [1, 2, 3]
 
 
-class JSONEncoderTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests the JSONEncoder method
     """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.encoder = JSONEncoder()
+defsetUp(self):
+    self.encoder = JSONEncoder()
 
     def test_encode_decimal(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a decimal
         """
-        d = Decimal(3.14)
-        assert self.encoder.default(d) == float(d)
+    d = Decimal(3.14)
+    assert self.encoder.default(d) == float(d)
 
     def test_encode_datetime(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a datetime object
         """
-        current_time = datetime.now()
-        assert self.encoder.default(current_time) == current_time.isoformat()
-        current_time_utc = current_time.replace(tzinfo=utc)
-        assert self.encoder.default(current_time_utc) == current_time.isoformat() + 'Z'
+    current_time = datetime.now()
+    assert self.encoder.default(current_time) == current_time.isoformat()
+    current_time_utc = current_time.replace(tzinfo=utc)
+    assert self.encoder.default(current_time_utc) == current_time.isoformat() + 'Z'
 
     def test_encode_time(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a timezone
         """
-        current_time = datetime.now().time()
-        assert self.encoder.default(current_time) == current_time.isoformat()
+    current_time = datetime.now().time()
+    assert self.encoder.default(current_time) == current_time.isoformat()
 
     def test_encode_time_tz(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a timezone aware timestamp
         """
-        current_time = datetime.now().time()
-        current_time = current_time.replace(tzinfo=utc)
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            self.encoder.default(current_time)
+    current_time = datetime.now().time()
+    current_time = current_time.replace(tzinfo=utc)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        self.encoder.default(current_time)
 
     def test_encode_date(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a date object
         """
-        current_date = date.today()
-        assert self.encoder.default(current_date) == current_date.isoformat()
+    current_date = date.today()
+    assert self.encoder.default(current_date) == current_date.isoformat()
 
     def test_encode_timedelta(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a timedelta object
         """
-        delta = timedelta(hours=1)
-        assert self.encoder.default(delta) == str(delta.total_seconds())
+    delta = timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert self.encoder.default(delta) == str(delta.total_seconds())
 
     def test_encode_uuid(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a UUID object
         """
-        unique_id = uuid4()
-        assert self.encoder.default(unique_id) == str(unique_id)
+    unique_id = uuid4()
+    assert self.encoder.default(unique_id) == str(unique_id)
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not coreapi, reason='coreapi is not installed')
-    def test_encode_coreapi_raises_error(self):
-        """
+deftest_encode_coreapi_raises_error(self):
+    """
         Tests encoding a coreapi objects raises proper error
         """
-        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            self.encoder.default(coreapi.Document())
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        self.encoder.default(coreapi.Document())
 
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            self.encoder.default(coreapi.Error())
+        self.encoder.default(coreapi.Error())
 
     def test_encode_object_with_tolist(self):
-        """
+    """
         Tests encoding a object with tolist method
         """
-        foo = MockList()
-        assert self.encoder.default(foo) == [1, 2, 3]
+    foo = MockList()
+    assert self.encoder.default(foo) == [1, 2, 3]

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -7,89 +7,58 @@ from rest_framework.exceptions import (
     server_error
 )
 
+def test_get_error_details(self):
 
-class ExceptionTestCase(TestCase):
-
-    def test_get_error_details(self):
-
-        example = "string"
-        lazy_example = _(example)
-
-        assert _get_error_details(lazy_example) == example
-
-        assert isinstance(
-            _get_error_details(lazy_example),
-            ErrorDetail
-        )
-
-        assert _get_error_details({'nested': lazy_example})['nested'] == example
-
-        assert isinstance(
-            _get_error_details({'nested': lazy_example})['nested'],
-            ErrorDetail
-        )
-
-        assert _get_error_details([[lazy_example]])[0][0] == example
-
-        assert isinstance(
-            _get_error_details([[lazy_example]])[0][0],
-            ErrorDetail
-        )
+    example = "string"
+    lazy_example = _(example)
+    assert _get_error_details(lazy_example) == example
+    assert isinstance(    _get_error_details(lazy_example),    ErrorDetail    )
+    assert _get_error_details({'nested': lazy_example})['nested'] == example
+    assert isinstance(    _get_error_details({'nested': lazy_example})['nested'],    ErrorDetail    )
+    assert _get_error_details([[lazy_example]])[0][0] == example
+    assert isinstance(    _get_error_details([[lazy_example]])[0][0],    ErrorDetail    )
 
     def test_get_full_details_with_throttling(self):
-        exception = Throttled()
-        assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': 'Request was throttled.', 'code': 'throttled'}
-
-        exception = Throttled(wait=2)
-        assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': 'Request was throttled. Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),
-            'code': 'throttled'}
-
-        exception = Throttled(wait=2, detail='Slow down!')
-        assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': 'Slow down! Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),
-            'code': 'throttled'}
+    exception = Throttled()
+    assert exception.get_full_details() == {    'message': 'Request was throttled.', 'code': 'throttled'}
+    exception = Throttled(wait=2)
+    assert exception.get_full_details() == {    'message': 'Request was throttled. Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),    'code': 'throttled'}
+    exception = Throttled(wait=2, detail='Slow down!')
+    assert exception.get_full_details() == {    'message': 'Slow down! Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),    'code': 'throttled'}
 
 
-class ErrorDetailTests(TestCase):
 
-    def test_eq(self):
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg') == ErrorDetail('msg')
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg', 'code') == ErrorDetail('msg', code='code')
-
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg') == 'msg'
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg', 'code') == 'msg'
+def test_eq(self):
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg') == ErrorDetail('msg')
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg', 'code') == ErrorDetail('msg', code='code')
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg') == 'msg'
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg', 'code') == 'msg'
 
     def test_ne(self):
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg1') != ErrorDetail('msg2')
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg') != ErrorDetail('msg', code='invalid')
-
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg1') != 'msg2'
-        assert ErrorDetail('msg1', 'code') != 'msg2'
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg1') != ErrorDetail('msg2')
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg') != ErrorDetail('msg', code='invalid')
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg1') != 'msg2'
+    assert ErrorDetail('msg1', 'code') != 'msg2'
 
     def test_repr(self):
-        assert repr(ErrorDetail('msg1')) == \
-            'ErrorDetail(string={!r}, code=None)'.format('msg1')
-        assert repr(ErrorDetail('msg1', 'code')) == \
-            'ErrorDetail(string={!r}, code={!r})'.format('msg1', 'code')
+    assert repr(ErrorDetail('msg1')) ==    'ErrorDetail(string={!r}, code=None)'.format('msg1')
+    assert repr(ErrorDetail('msg1', 'code')) ==    'ErrorDetail(string={!r}, code={!r})'.format('msg1', 'code')
 
     def test_str(self):
-        assert str(ErrorDetail('msg1')) == 'msg1'
-        assert str(ErrorDetail('msg1', 'code')) == 'msg1'
+    assert str(ErrorDetail('msg1')) == 'msg1'
+    assert str(ErrorDetail('msg1', 'code')) == 'msg1'
 
     def test_hash(self):
-        assert hash(ErrorDetail('msg')) == hash('msg')
-        assert hash(ErrorDetail('msg', 'code')) == hash('msg')
+    assert hash(ErrorDetail('msg')) == hash('msg')
+    assert hash(ErrorDetail('msg', 'code')) == hash('msg')
 
 
-class TranslationTests(TestCase):
 
-    @translation.override('fr')
-    def test_message(self):
+@translation.override('fr')
+deftest_message(self):
         # this test largely acts as a sanity test to ensure the translation files are present.
-        self.assertEqual(_('A server error occurred.'), 'Une erreur du serveur est survenue.')
-        self.assertEqual(str(APIException()), 'Une erreur du serveur est survenue.')
+    assert _('A server error occurred.') == 'Une erreur du serveur est survenue.'
+    assert str(APIException()) == 'Une erreur du serveur est survenue.'
 
 
 def test_server_error():

tests/test_fields.py

@@ -1134,40 +1134,38 @@ class TestNoStringCoercionDecimalField(FieldValues):
     )
 
 
-class TestLocalizedDecimalField(TestCase):
-    @override_settings(USE_L10N=True, LANGUAGE_CODE='pl')
-    def test_to_internal_value(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, localize=True)
-        assert field.to_internal_value('1,1') == Decimal('1.1')
+@override_settings(USE_L10N=True, LANGUAGE_CODE='pl')
+deftest_to_internal_value(self):
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, localize=True)
+    assert field.to_internal_value('1,1') == Decimal('1.1')
 
     @override_settings(USE_L10N=True, LANGUAGE_CODE='pl')
-    def test_to_representation(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, localize=True)
-        assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.1')) == '1,1'
+deftest_to_representation(self):
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, localize=True)
+    assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.1')) == '1,1'
 
     def test_localize_forces_coerce_to_string(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, coerce_to_string=False, localize=True)
-        assert isinstance(field.to_representation(Decimal('1.1')), str)
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1, coerce_to_string=False, localize=True)
+    assert isinstance(field.to_representation(Decimal('1.1')), str)
 
 
-class TestQuantizedValueForDecimal(TestCase):
-    def test_int_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
-        value = field.to_internal_value(12).as_tuple()
-        expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
-        assert value == expected_digit_tuple
+def test_int_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
+    value = field.to_internal_value(12).as_tuple()
+    expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
+    assert value == expected_digit_tuple
 
     def test_string_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
-        value = field.to_internal_value('12').as_tuple()
-        expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
-        assert value == expected_digit_tuple
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
+    value = field.to_internal_value('12').as_tuple()
+    expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
+    assert value == expected_digit_tuple
 
     def test_part_precision_string_quantized_value_for_decimal(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
-        value = field.to_internal_value('12.0').as_tuple()
-        expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
-        assert value == expected_digit_tuple
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
+    value = field.to_internal_value('12.0').as_tuple()
+    expected_digit_tuple = (0, (1, 2, 0, 0), -2)
+    assert value == expected_digit_tuple
 
 
 class TestNoDecimalPlaces(FieldValues):
@@ -1185,17 +1183,15 @@ class TestNoDecimalPlaces(FieldValues):
     field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=None)
 
 
-class TestRoundingDecimalField(TestCase):
-    def test_valid_rounding(self):
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, rounding=ROUND_UP)
-        assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.234')) == '1.24'
-
-        field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
-        assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.234')) == '1.23'
+def test_valid_rounding(self):
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, rounding=ROUND_UP)
+    assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.234')) == '1.24'
+    field = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert field.to_representation(Decimal('1.234')) == '1.23'
 
     def test_invalid_rounding(self):
-        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
-            serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=1, decimal_places=1, rounding='ROUND_UNKNOWN')
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
+        serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=1, decimal_places=1, rounding='ROUND_UNKNOWN')
         assert 'Invalid rounding option' in str(excinfo.value)
 
 
@@ -1369,46 +1365,41 @@ class TestTZWithDateTimeField(FieldValues):
 
 
 @override_settings(TIME_ZONE='UTC', USE_TZ=True)
-class TestDefaultTZDateTimeField(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Test the current/default timezone handling in `DateTimeField`.
     """
-
-    @classmethod
-    def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.field = serializers.DateTimeField()
-        cls.kolkata = pytz.timezone('Asia/Kolkata')
+@classmethod
+defsetup_class(cls):
+    cls.field = serializers.DateTimeField()
+    cls.kolkata = pytz.timezone('Asia/Kolkata')
 
     def test_default_timezone(self):
-        assert self.field.default_timezone() == utc
+    assert self.field.default_timezone() == utc
 
     def test_current_timezone(self):
-        assert self.field.default_timezone() == utc
-        activate(self.kolkata)
-        assert self.field.default_timezone() == self.kolkata
-        deactivate()
-        assert self.field.default_timezone() == utc
+    assert self.field.default_timezone() == utc
+    activate(self.kolkata)
+    assert self.field.default_timezone() == self.kolkata
+    deactivate()
+    assert self.field.default_timezone() == utc
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(pytz is None, reason='pytz not installed')
 @override_settings(TIME_ZONE='UTC', USE_TZ=True)
-class TestCustomTimezoneForDateTimeField(TestCase):
 
-    @classmethod
-    def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.kolkata = pytz.timezone('Asia/Kolkata')
-        cls.date_format = '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M'
+@classmethod
+defsetup_class(cls):
+    cls.kolkata = pytz.timezone('Asia/Kolkata')
+    cls.date_format = '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M'
 
     def test_should_render_date_time_in_default_timezone(self):
-        field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=self.kolkata, format=self.date_format)
-        dt = datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 8, 14, 15, 16, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
-
-        with override(self.kolkata):
-            rendered_date = field.to_representation(dt)
+    field = serializers.DateTimeField(default_timezone=self.kolkata, format=self.date_format)
+    dt = datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 8, 14, 15, 16, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
+    with override(self.kolkata):
+        rendered_date = field.to_representation(dt)
 
         rendered_date_in_timezone = dt.astimezone(self.kolkata).strftime(self.date_format)
-
-        assert rendered_date == rendered_date_in_timezone
+assertrendered_date==rendered_date_in_timezone
 
 
 class TestNaiveDayLightSavingTimeTimeZoneDateTimeField(FieldValues):

tests/test_filters.py

@@ -13,28 +13,25 @@ from rest_framework.compat import coreschema
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-
-class BaseFilterTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.original_coreapi = filters.coreapi
-        filters.coreapi = True  # mock it, because not None value needed
-        self.filter_backend = filters.BaseFilterBackend()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.original_coreapi = filters.coreapi
+    filters.coreapi = True    
+    self.filter_backend = filters.BaseFilterBackend()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        filters.coreapi = self.original_coreapi
+    filters.coreapi = self.original_coreapi
 
     def test_filter_queryset_raises_error(self):
-        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
-            self.filter_backend.filter_queryset(None, None, None)
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        self.filter_backend.filter_queryset(None, None, None)
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not coreschema, reason='coreschema is not installed')
-    def test_get_schema_fields_checks_for_coreapi(self):
-        filters.coreapi = None
-        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
-            self.filter_backend.get_schema_fields({})
+deftest_get_schema_fields_checks_for_coreapi(self):
+    filters.coreapi = None
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        self.filter_backend.get_schema_fields({})
         filters.coreapi = True
-        assert self.filter_backend.get_schema_fields({}) == []
+assertself.filter_backend.get_schema_fields({})==[]
 
 
 class SearchFilterModel(models.Model):
@@ -48,137 +45,115 @@ class SearchFilterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = '__all__'
 
 
-class SearchFilterTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+def setUp(self):
         # Sequence of title/text is:
         #
         # z   abc
         # zz  bcd
         # zzz cde
         # ...
-        for idx in range(10):
-            title = 'z' * (idx + 1)
-            text = (
-                chr(idx + ord('a')) +
-                chr(idx + ord('b')) +
-                chr(idx + ord('c'))
-            )
-            SearchFilterModel(title=title, text=text).save()
+    for idx in range(10):
+        title = 'z' * (idx + 1)
+        text = (        chr(idx + ord('a')) +        chr(idx + ord('b')) +        chr(idx + ord('c'))        )
+        SearchFilterModel(title=title, text=text).save()
 
     def test_search(self):
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('title', 'text')
+
+        view = SearchListView.as_view()
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'b'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':1,'title':'z','text':'abc'},{'id':2,'title':'zz','text':'bcd'}]
+
+    def test_search_returns_same_queryset_if_no_search_fields_or_terms_provided(self):
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+
+        view = SearchListView.as_view()
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+expected=SearchFilterSerializer(SearchFilterModel.objects.all(),many=True).data
+assertresponse.data==expected
+
+    def test_exact_search(self):
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('=title', 'text')
+
+        view = SearchListView.as_view()
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'zzz'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'zzz','text':'cde'}]
+
+    def test_startswith_search(self):
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('title', '^text')
+
+        view = SearchListView.as_view()
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'b'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':2,'title':'zz','text':'bcd'}]
+
+    def test_regexp_search(self):
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('$title', '$text')
+
+        view = SearchListView.as_view()
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'z{2} ^b'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':2,'title':'zz','text':'bcd'}]
+
+    def test_search_with_nonstandard_search_param(self):
+    with override_settings(REST_FRAMEWORK={'SEARCH_PARAM': 'query'}):
+        reload_module(filters)
         class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
             queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
             serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
             filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
             search_fields = ('title', 'text')
 
-        view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'b'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'z', 'text': 'abc'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'zz', 'text': 'bcd'}
-        ]
-
-    def test_search_returns_same_queryset_if_no_search_fields_or_terms_provided(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-
-        view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        expected = SearchFilterSerializer(SearchFilterModel.objects.all(),
-                                          many=True).data
-        assert response.data == expected
-
-    def test_exact_search(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('=title', 'text')
-
-        view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'zzz'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'zzz', 'text': 'cde'}
-        ]
-
-    def test_startswith_search(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('title', '^text')
-
-        view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'b'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'zz', 'text': 'bcd'}
-        ]
-
-    def test_regexp_search(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('$title', '$text')
-
-        view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'z{2} ^b'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'zz', 'text': 'bcd'}
-        ]
-
-    def test_search_with_nonstandard_search_param(self):
-        with override_settings(REST_FRAMEWORK={'SEARCH_PARAM': 'query'}):
-            reload_module(filters)
-
-            class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-                queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
-                serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
-                filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-                search_fields = ('title', 'text')
-
             view = SearchListView.as_view()
-            request = factory.get('/', {'query': 'b'})
-            response = view(request)
-            assert response.data == [
-                {'id': 1, 'title': 'z', 'text': 'abc'},
-                {'id': 2, 'title': 'zz', 'text': 'bcd'}
-            ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'query':'b'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':1,'title':'z','text':'abc'},{'id':2,'title':'zz','text':'bcd'}]
 
         reload_module(filters)
 
     def test_search_with_filter_subclass(self):
-        class CustomSearchFilter(filters.SearchFilter):
+    class CustomSearchFilter(filters.SearchFilter):
             # Filter that dynamically changes search fields
-            def get_search_fields(self, view, request):
-                if request.query_params.get('title_only'):
-                    return ('$title',)
+        def get_search_fields(self, view, request):
+            if request.query_params.get('title_only'):
+                return ('$title',)
                 return super().get_search_fields(view, request)
 
         class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (CustomSearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('$title', '$text')
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (CustomSearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('$title', '$text')
 
         view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': r'^\w{3}$'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert len(response.data) == 10
-
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': r'^\w{3}$', 'title_only': 'true'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'zzz', 'text': 'cde'}
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':r'^\w{3}$'})
+response=view(request)
+assertlen(response.data)==10
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':r'^\w{3}$','title_only':'true'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'zzz','text':'cde'}]
 
 
 class AttributeModel(models.Model):
@@ -196,31 +171,21 @@ class SearchFilterFkSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = '__all__'
 
 
-class SearchFilterFkTests(TestCase):
 
-    def test_must_call_distinct(self):
-        filter_ = filters.SearchFilter()
-        prefixes = [''] + list(filter_.lookup_prefixes)
-        for prefix in prefixes:
-            assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(
-                SearchFilterModelFk._meta,
-                ["%stitle" % prefix]
-            )
-            assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(
-                SearchFilterModelFk._meta,
-                ["%stitle" % prefix, "%sattribute__label" % prefix]
-            )
+def test_must_call_distinct(self):
+    filter_ = filters.SearchFilter()
+    prefixes = [''] + list(filter_.lookup_prefixes)
+    for prefix in prefixes:
+        assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(        SearchFilterModelFk._meta,        ["%stitle" % prefix]        )
+        assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(        SearchFilterModelFk._meta,        ["%stitle" % prefix, "%sattribute__label" % prefix]        )
 
     def test_must_call_distinct_restores_meta_for_each_field(self):
         # In this test case the attribute of the fk model comes first in the
         # list of search fields.
-        filter_ = filters.SearchFilter()
-        prefixes = [''] + list(filter_.lookup_prefixes)
-        for prefix in prefixes:
-            assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(
-                SearchFilterModelFk._meta,
-                ["%sattribute__label" % prefix, "%stitle" % prefix]
-            )
+    filter_ = filters.SearchFilter()
+    prefixes = [''] + list(filter_.lookup_prefixes)
+    for prefix in prefixes:
+        assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(        SearchFilterModelFk._meta,        ["%sattribute__label" % prefix, "%stitle" % prefix]        )
 
 
 class SearchFilterModelM2M(models.Model):
@@ -235,53 +200,41 @@ class SearchFilterM2MSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = '__all__'
 
 
-class SearchFilterM2MTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+def setUp(self):
         # Sequence of title/text/attributes is:
         #
         # z   abc [1, 2, 3]
         # zz  bcd [1, 2, 3]
         # zzz cde [1, 2, 3]
         # ...
-        for idx in range(3):
-            label = 'w' * (idx + 1)
-            AttributeModel.objects.create(label=label)
+    for idx in range(3):
+        label = 'w' * (idx + 1)
+        AttributeModel.objects.create(label=label)
 
         for idx in range(10):
-            title = 'z' * (idx + 1)
-            text = (
-                chr(idx + ord('a')) +
-                chr(idx + ord('b')) +
-                chr(idx + ord('c'))
-            )
-            SearchFilterModelM2M(title=title, text=text).save()
+        title = 'z' * (idx + 1)
+        text = (        chr(idx + ord('a')) +        chr(idx + ord('b')) +        chr(idx + ord('c'))        )
+        SearchFilterModelM2M(title=title, text=text).save()
         SearchFilterModelM2M.objects.get(title='zz').attributes.add(1, 2, 3)
 
     def test_m2m_search(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModelM2M.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterM2MSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('=title', 'text', 'attributes__label')
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModelM2M.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterM2MSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('=title', 'text', 'attributes__label')
 
         view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'zz'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert len(response.data) == 1
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'zz'})
+response=view(request)
+assertlen(response.data)==1
 
     def test_must_call_distinct(self):
-        filter_ = filters.SearchFilter()
-        prefixes = [''] + list(filter_.lookup_prefixes)
-        for prefix in prefixes:
-            assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(
-                SearchFilterModelM2M._meta,
-                ["%stitle" % prefix]
-            )
-
-            assert filter_.must_call_distinct(
-                SearchFilterModelM2M._meta,
-                ["%stitle" % prefix, "%sattributes__label" % prefix]
-            )
+    filter_ = filters.SearchFilter()
+    prefixes = [''] + list(filter_.lookup_prefixes)
+    for prefix in prefixes:
+        assert not filter_.must_call_distinct(        SearchFilterModelM2M._meta,        ["%stitle" % prefix]        )
+        assert filter_.must_call_distinct(        SearchFilterModelM2M._meta,        ["%stitle" % prefix, "%sattributes__label" % prefix]        )
 
 
 class Blog(models.Model):
@@ -300,32 +253,27 @@ class BlogSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = '__all__'
 
 
-class SearchFilterToManyTests(TestCase):
 
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpTestData(cls):
-        b1 = Blog.objects.create(name='Blog 1')
-        b2 = Blog.objects.create(name='Blog 2')
-
-        # Multiple entries on Lennon published in 1979 - distinct should deduplicate
-        Entry.objects.create(blog=b1, headline='Something about Lennon', pub_date=datetime.date(1979, 1, 1))
-        Entry.objects.create(blog=b1, headline='Another thing about Lennon', pub_date=datetime.date(1979, 6, 1))
-
-        # Entry on Lennon *and* a separate entry in 1979 - should not match
-        Entry.objects.create(blog=b2, headline='Something unrelated', pub_date=datetime.date(1979, 1, 1))
-        Entry.objects.create(blog=b2, headline='Retrospective on Lennon', pub_date=datetime.date(1990, 6, 1))
+@classmethod
+defsetUpTestData(cls):
+    b1 = Blog.objects.create(name='Blog 1')
+    b2 = Blog.objects.create(name='Blog 2')
+    Entry.objects.create(blog=b1, headline='Something about Lennon', pub_date=datetime.date(1979, 1, 1))
+    Entry.objects.create(blog=b1, headline='Another thing about Lennon', pub_date=datetime.date(1979, 6, 1))
+    Entry.objects.create(blog=b2, headline='Something unrelated', pub_date=datetime.date(1979, 1, 1))
+    Entry.objects.create(blog=b2, headline='Retrospective on Lennon', pub_date=datetime.date(1990, 6, 1))
 
     def test_multiple_filter_conditions(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = Blog.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = BlogSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('=name', 'entry__headline', '=entry__pub_date__year')
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = Blog.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = BlogSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('=name', 'entry__headline', '=entry__pub_date__year')
 
         view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'Lennon,1979'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert len(response.data) == 1
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'Lennon,1979'})
+response=view(request)
+assertlen(response.data)==1
 
 
 class SearchFilterAnnotatedSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
@@ -336,28 +284,23 @@ class SearchFilterAnnotatedSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = ('title', 'text', 'title_text')
 
 
-class SearchFilterAnnotatedFieldTests(TestCase):
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpTestData(cls):
-        SearchFilterModel.objects.create(title='abc', text='def')
-        SearchFilterModel.objects.create(title='ghi', text='jkl')
+@classmethod
+defsetUpTestData(cls):
+    SearchFilterModel.objects.create(title='abc', text='def')
+    SearchFilterModel.objects.create(title='ghi', text='jkl')
 
     def test_search_in_annotated_field(self):
-        class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.annotate(
-                title_text=Upper(
-                    Concat(models.F('title'), models.F('text'))
-                )
-            ).all()
-            serializer_class = SearchFilterAnnotatedSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
-            search_fields = ('title_text',)
+    class SearchListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = SearchFilterModel.objects.annotate(        title_text=Upper(        Concat(models.F('title'), models.F('text'))        )        ).all()
+        serializer_class = SearchFilterAnnotatedSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
+        search_fields = ('title_text',)
 
         view = SearchListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'search': 'ABCDEF'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert len(response.data) == 1
-        assert response.data[0]['title_text'] == 'ABCDEF'
+request=factory.get('/',{'search':'ABCDEF'})
+response=view(request)
+assertlen(response.data)==1
+assertresponse.data[0]['title_text']=='ABCDEF'
 
 
 class OrderingFilterModel(models.Model):
@@ -403,253 +346,187 @@ class DjangoFilterOrderingSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = '__all__'
 
 
-class OrderingFilterTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+def setUp(self):
         # Sequence of title/text is:
         #
         # zyx abc
         # yxw bcd
         # xwv cde
-        for idx in range(3):
-            title = (
-                chr(ord('z') - idx) +
-                chr(ord('y') - idx) +
-                chr(ord('x') - idx)
-            )
-            text = (
-                chr(idx + ord('a')) +
-                chr(idx + ord('b')) +
-                chr(idx + ord('c'))
-            )
-            OrderingFilterModel(title=title, text=text).save()
+    for idx in range(3):
+        title = (        chr(ord('z') - idx) +        chr(ord('y') - idx) +        chr(ord('x') - idx)        )
+        text = (        chr(idx + ord('a')) +        chr(idx + ord('b')) +        chr(idx + ord('c'))        )
+        OrderingFilterModel(title=title, text=text).save()
 
     def test_ordering(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
-            ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'text'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'text'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},]
 
     def test_reverse_ordering(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
-            ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': '-text'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'-text'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},]
 
     def test_incorrecturl_extrahyphens_ordering(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
-            ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': '--text'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'--text'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},]
 
     def test_incorrectfield_ordering(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
-            ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'foobar'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'foobar'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},]
 
     def test_default_ordering(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
-            ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('')
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},]
 
     def test_default_ordering_using_string(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = 'title'
-            ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = 'title'
+        ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('')
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('')
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},]
 
     def test_ordering_by_aggregate_field(self):
         # create some related models to aggregate order by
-        num_objs = [2, 5, 3]
-        for obj, num_relateds in zip(OrderingFilterModel.objects.all(),
-                                     num_objs):
-            for _ in range(num_relateds):
-                new_related = OrderingFilterRelatedModel(
-                    related_object=obj
-                )
-                new_related.save()
+    num_objs = [2, 5, 3]
+    for obj, num_relateds in zip(OrderingFilterModel.objects.all(),    num_objs):
+        for _ in range(num_relateds):
+            new_related = OrderingFilterRelatedModel(            related_object=obj            )
+            new_related.save()
 
         class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = 'title'
-            ordering_fields = '__all__'
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all().annotate(
-                models.Count("relateds"))
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = 'title'
+        ordering_fields = '__all__'
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all().annotate(        models.Count("relateds"))
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'relateds__count'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'relateds__count'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},]
 
     def test_ordering_by_dotted_source(self):
 
-        for index, obj in enumerate(OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()):
-            OrderingFilterRelatedModel.objects.create(
-                related_object=obj,
-                index=index
-            )
+    for index, obj in enumerate(OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()):
+        OrderingFilterRelatedModel.objects.create(        related_object=obj,        index=index        )
 
         class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            serializer_class = OrderingDottedRelatedSerializer
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            queryset = OrderingFilterRelatedModel.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = OrderingDottedRelatedSerializer
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        queryset = OrderingFilterRelatedModel.objects.all()
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'related_object__text'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'related_title': 'zyx', 'related_text': 'abc', 'index': 0},
-            {'related_title': 'yxw', 'related_text': 'bcd', 'index': 1},
-            {'related_title': 'xwv', 'related_text': 'cde', 'index': 2},
-        ]
-
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': '-index'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'related_title': 'xwv', 'related_text': 'cde', 'index': 2},
-            {'related_title': 'yxw', 'related_text': 'bcd', 'index': 1},
-            {'related_title': 'zyx', 'related_text': 'abc', 'index': 0},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'related_object__text'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'related_title':'zyx','related_text':'abc','index':0},{'related_title':'yxw','related_text':'bcd','index':1},{'related_title':'xwv','related_text':'cde','index':2},]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'-index'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'related_title':'xwv','related_text':'cde','index':2},{'related_title':'yxw','related_text':'bcd','index':1},{'related_title':'zyx','related_text':'abc','index':0},]
 
     def test_ordering_with_nonstandard_ordering_param(self):
-        with override_settings(REST_FRAMEWORK={'ORDERING_PARAM': 'order'}):
-            reload_module(filters)
-
-            class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-                queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-                serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-                filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-                ordering = ('title',)
-                ordering_fields = ('text',)
+    with override_settings(REST_FRAMEWORK={'ORDERING_PARAM': 'order'}):
+        reload_module(filters)
+        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+            ordering = ('title',)
+            ordering_fields = ('text',)
 
             view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-            request = factory.get('/', {'order': 'text'})
-            response = view(request)
-            assert response.data == [
-                {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-                {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-                {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-            ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'order':'text'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},]
 
         reload_module(filters)
 
     def test_get_template_context(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            ordering_fields = '__all__'
-            serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        ordering_fields = '__all__'
+        serializer_class = OrderingFilterSerializer
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
 
         request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'title'}, HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
-        view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        response = view(request)
-
-        self.assertContains(response, 'verbose title')
+view=OrderingListView.as_view()
+response=view(request)
+self.assertContains(response,'verbose title')
 
     def test_ordering_with_overridden_get_serializer_class(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
-
-            # note: no ordering_fields and serializer_class specified
-
-            def get_serializer_class(self):
-                return OrderingFilterSerializer
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        def get_serializer_class(self):
+            return OrderingFilterSerializer
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'text'})
-        response = view(request)
-        assert response.data == [
-            {'id': 1, 'title': 'zyx', 'text': 'abc'},
-            {'id': 2, 'title': 'yxw', 'text': 'bcd'},
-            {'id': 3, 'title': 'xwv', 'text': 'cde'},
-        ]
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'text'})
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.data==[{'id':1,'title':'zyx','text':'abc'},{'id':2,'title':'yxw','text':'bcd'},{'id':3,'title':'xwv','text':'cde'},]
 
     def test_ordering_with_improper_configuration(self):
-        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
-            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-            ordering = ('title',)
+    class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = OrderingFilterModel.objects.all()
+        filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+        ordering = ('title',)
             # note: no ordering_fields and serializer_class
             # or get_serializer_class specified
 
         view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'text'})
-        with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-            view(request)
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'text'})
+withpytest.raises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+        view(request)
 
 
 class SensitiveOrderingFilterModel(models.Model):
@@ -684,63 +561,44 @@ class SensitiveDataSerializer3(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = ('id', 'user')
 
 
-class SensitiveOrderingFilterTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        for idx in range(3):
-            username = {0: 'userA', 1: 'userB', 2: 'userC'}[idx]
-            password = {0: 'passA', 1: 'passC', 2: 'passB'}[idx]
-            SensitiveOrderingFilterModel(username=username, password=password).save()
+def setUp(self):
+    for idx in range(3):
+        username = {0: 'userA', 1: 'userB', 2: 'userC'}[idx]
+        password = {0: 'passA', 1: 'passC', 2: 'passB'}[idx]
+        SensitiveOrderingFilterModel(username=username, password=password).save()
 
     def test_order_by_serializer_fields(self):
-        for serializer_cls in [
-            SensitiveDataSerializer1,
-            SensitiveDataSerializer2,
-            SensitiveDataSerializer3
-        ]:
-            class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-                queryset = SensitiveOrderingFilterModel.objects.all().order_by('username')
-                filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-                serializer_class = serializer_cls
+    for serializer_cls in [    SensitiveDataSerializer1,    SensitiveDataSerializer2,    SensitiveDataSerializer3    ]:
+        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+            queryset = SensitiveOrderingFilterModel.objects.all().order_by('username')
+            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+            serializer_class = serializer_cls
 
             view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-            request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': '-username'})
-            response = view(request)
-
-            if serializer_cls == SensitiveDataSerializer3:
-                username_field = 'user'
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'-username'})
+response=view(request)
+ifserializer_cls==SensitiveDataSerializer3:
+            username_field = 'user'
             else:
-                username_field = 'username'
+            username_field = 'username'
 
             # Note: Inverse username ordering correctly applied.
-            assert response.data == [
-                {'id': 3, username_field: 'userC'},
-                {'id': 2, username_field: 'userB'},
-                {'id': 1, username_field: 'userA'},
-            ]
+            assert response.data == [{'id':3,username_field:'userC'},{'id':2,username_field:'userB'},{'id':1,username_field:'userA'},]
 
     def test_cannot_order_by_non_serializer_fields(self):
-        for serializer_cls in [
-            SensitiveDataSerializer1,
-            SensitiveDataSerializer2,
-            SensitiveDataSerializer3
-        ]:
-            class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
-                queryset = SensitiveOrderingFilterModel.objects.all().order_by('username')
-                filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
-                serializer_class = serializer_cls
+    for serializer_cls in [    SensitiveDataSerializer1,    SensitiveDataSerializer2,    SensitiveDataSerializer3    ]:
+        class OrderingListView(generics.ListAPIView):
+            queryset = SensitiveOrderingFilterModel.objects.all().order_by('username')
+            filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
+            serializer_class = serializer_cls
 
             view = OrderingListView.as_view()
-            request = factory.get('/', {'ordering': 'password'})
-            response = view(request)
-
-            if serializer_cls == SensitiveDataSerializer3:
-                username_field = 'user'
+request=factory.get('/',{'ordering':'password'})
+response=view(request)
+ifserializer_cls==SensitiveDataSerializer3:
+            username_field = 'user'
             else:
-                username_field = 'username'
+            username_field = 'username'
 
             # Note: The passwords are not in order.  Default ordering is used.
-            assert response.data == [
-                {'id': 1, username_field: 'userA'},  # PassB
-                {'id': 2, username_field: 'userB'},  # PassC
-                {'id': 3, username_field: 'userC'},  # PassA
-            ]
+            assert response.data == [{'id':1,username_field:'userA'},{'id':2,username_field:'userB'},{'id':3,username_field:'userC'},]

tests/test_generateschema.py

@@ -23,14 +23,12 @@ urlpatterns = [
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_generateschema')
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not coreapi, reason='coreapi is not installed')
-class GenerateSchemaTests(TestCase):
-    """Tests for management command generateschema."""
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.out = io.StringIO()
+"""Tests for management command generateschema."""
+defsetUp(self):
+    self.out = io.StringIO()
 
     def test_renders_default_schema_with_custom_title_url_and_description(self):
-        expected_out = """info:
+    expected_out = """info:
                             description: Sample description
                             title: SampleAPI
                             version: ''
@@ -42,45 +40,16 @@ class GenerateSchemaTests(TestCase):
                           servers:
                           - url: http://api.sample.com/
                           """
-        call_command('generateschema',
-                     '--title=SampleAPI',
-                     '--url=http://api.sample.com',
-                     '--description=Sample description',
-                     stdout=self.out)
-
-        self.assertIn(formatting.dedent(expected_out), self.out.getvalue())
+    call_command('generateschema',    '--title=SampleAPI',    '--url=http://api.sample.com',    '--description=Sample description',    stdout=self.out)
+    assert formatting.dedent(expected_out) in self.out.getvalue()
 
     def test_renders_openapi_json_schema(self):
-        expected_out = {
-            "openapi": "3.0.0",
-            "info": {
-                "version": "",
-                "title": "",
-                "description": ""
-            },
-            "servers": [
-                {
-                    "url": ""
-                }
-            ],
-            "paths": {
-                "/": {
-                    "get": {
-                        "operationId": "list"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        call_command('generateschema',
-                     '--format=openapi-json',
-                     stdout=self.out)
-        out_json = json.loads(self.out.getvalue())
-
-        self.assertDictEqual(out_json, expected_out)
+    expected_out = {    "openapi": "3.0.0",    "info": {    "version": "",    "title": "",    "description": ""    },    "servers": [    {    "url": ""    }    ],    "paths": {    "/": {    "get": {    "operationId": "list"    }    }    }    }
+    call_command('generateschema',    '--format=openapi-json',    stdout=self.out)
+    out_json = json.loads(self.out.getvalue())
+    assert out_json == expected_out
 
     def test_renders_corejson_schema(self):
-        expected_out = """{"_type":"document","":{"list":{"_type":"link","url":"/","action":"get"}}}"""
-        call_command('generateschema',
-                     '--format=corejson',
-                     stdout=self.out)
-        self.assertIn(expected_out, self.out.getvalue())
+    expected_out = """{"_type":"document","":{"list":{"_type":"link","url":"/","action":"get"}}}"""
+    call_command('generateschema',    '--format=corejson',    stdout=self.out)
+    assert expected_out in self.out.getvalue()

tests/test_generics.py

@@ -75,304 +75,282 @@ class SlugBasedInstanceView(InstanceView):
 
 
 # Tests
-class TestRootView(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        """
+def setUp(self):
+    """
         Create 3 BasicModel instances.
         """
-        items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
-        for item in items:
-            BasicModel(text=item).save()
+    items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    for item in items:
+        BasicModel(text=item).save()
         self.objects = BasicModel.objects
-        self.data = [
-            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-            for obj in self.objects.all()
-        ]
-        self.view = RootView.as_view()
+self.data=[{'id':obj.id,'text':obj.text}forobjinself.objects.all()]
+self.view=RootView.as_view()
 
     def test_get_root_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to ListCreateAPIView should return list of objects.
         """
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    request = factory.get('/')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == self.data
+assertresponse.data==self.data
 
     def test_head_root_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         HEAD requests to ListCreateAPIView should return 200.
         """
-        request = factory.head('/')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    request = factory.head('/')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_post_root_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         POST requests to ListCreateAPIView should create a new object.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
-        assert response.data == {'id': 4, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        created = self.objects.get(id=4)
-        assert created.text == 'foobar'
+assertresponse.data=={'id':4,'text':'foobar'}
+created=self.objects.get(id=4)
+assertcreated.text=='foobar'
 
     def test_put_root_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         PUT requests to ListCreateAPIView should not be allowed
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.put('/', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.put('/', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
-        assert response.data == {"detail": 'Method "PUT" not allowed.'}
+assertresponse.data=={"detail":'Method "PUT" not allowed.'}
 
     def test_delete_root_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         DELETE requests to ListCreateAPIView should not be allowed
         """
-        request = factory.delete('/')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    request = factory.delete('/')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
-        assert response.data == {"detail": 'Method "DELETE" not allowed.'}
+assertresponse.data=={"detail":'Method "DELETE" not allowed.'}
 
     def test_post_cannot_set_id(self):
-        """
+    """
         POST requests to create a new object should not be able to set the id.
         """
-        data = {'id': 999, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    data = {'id': 999, 'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
-        assert response.data == {'id': 4, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        created = self.objects.get(id=4)
-        assert created.text == 'foobar'
+assertresponse.data=={'id':4,'text':'foobar'}
+created=self.objects.get(id=4)
+assertcreated.text=='foobar'
 
     def test_post_error_root_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         POST requests to ListCreateAPIView in HTML should include a form error.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar' * 100}
-        request = factory.post('/', data, HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
-        response = self.view(request).render()
-        expected_error = '<span class="help-block">Ensure this field has no more than 100 characters.</span>'
-        assert expected_error in response.rendered_content.decode()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar' * 100}
+    request = factory.post('/', data, HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
+    response = self.view(request).render()
+    expected_error = '<span class="help-block">Ensure this field has no more than 100 characters.</span>'
+    assert expected_error in response.rendered_content.decode()
 
 
 EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT = 2
-
-
-class TestInstanceView(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        """
+def setUp(self):
+    """
         Create 3 BasicModel instances.
         """
-        items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'filtered out']
-        for item in items:
-            BasicModel(text=item).save()
+    items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'filtered out']
+    for item in items:
+        BasicModel(text=item).save()
         self.objects = BasicModel.objects.exclude(text='filtered out')
-        self.data = [
-            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-            for obj in self.objects.all()
-        ]
-        self.view = InstanceView.as_view()
-        self.slug_based_view = SlugBasedInstanceView.as_view()
+self.data=[{'id':obj.id,'text':obj.text}forobjinself.objects.all()]
+self.view=InstanceView.as_view()
+self.slug_based_view=SlugBasedInstanceView.as_view()
 
     def test_get_instance_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should return a single object.
         """
-        request = factory.get('/1')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    request = factory.get('/1')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == self.data[0]
+assertresponse.data==self.data[0]
 
     def test_post_instance_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         POST requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should not be allowed
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            response = self.view(request).render()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        response = self.view(request).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
-        assert response.data == {"detail": 'Method "POST" not allowed.'}
+assertresponse.data=={"detail":'Method "POST" not allowed.'}
 
     def test_put_instance_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         PUT requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should update an object.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.put('/1', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT):
-            response = self.view(request, pk='1').render()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.put('/1', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT):
+        response = self.view(request, pk='1').render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert dict(response.data) == {'id': 1, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        updated = self.objects.get(id=1)
-        assert updated.text == 'foobar'
+assertdict(response.data)=={'id':1,'text':'foobar'}
+updated=self.objects.get(id=1)
+assertupdated.text=='foobar'
 
     def test_patch_instance_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         PATCH requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should update an object.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.patch('/1', data, format='json')
-
-        with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.patch('/1', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == {'id': 1, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        updated = self.objects.get(id=1)
-        assert updated.text == 'foobar'
+assertresponse.data=={'id':1,'text':'foobar'}
+updated=self.objects.get(id=1)
+assertupdated.text=='foobar'
 
     def test_delete_instance_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         DELETE requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should delete an object.
         """
-        request = factory.delete('/1')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    request = factory.delete('/1')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
-        assert response.content == b''
-        ids = [obj.id for obj in self.objects.all()]
-        assert ids == [2, 3]
+assertresponse.content==b''
+ids=[obj.idforobjinself.objects.all()]
+assertids==[2,3]
 
     def test_get_instance_view_incorrect_arg(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests with an incorrect pk type, should raise 404, not 500.
         Regression test for #890.
         """
-        request = factory.get('/a')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            response = self.view(request, pk='a').render()
+    request = factory.get('/a')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        response = self.view(request, pk='a').render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
     def test_put_cannot_set_id(self):
-        """
+    """
         PUT requests to create a new object should not be able to set the id.
         """
-        data = {'id': 999, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.put('/1', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    data = {'id': 999, 'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.put('/1', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(EXPECTED_QUERIES_FOR_PUT):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == {'id': 1, 'text': 'foobar'}
-        updated = self.objects.get(id=1)
-        assert updated.text == 'foobar'
+assertresponse.data=={'id':1,'text':'foobar'}
+updated=self.objects.get(id=1)
+assertupdated.text=='foobar'
 
     def test_put_to_deleted_instance(self):
-        """
+    """
         PUT requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should return 404 if
         an object does not currently exist.
         """
-        self.objects.get(id=1).delete()
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.put('/1', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    self.objects.get(id=1).delete()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.put('/1', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
     def test_put_to_filtered_out_instance(self):
-        """
+    """
         PUT requests to an URL of instance which is filtered out should not be
         able to create new objects.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foo'}
-        filtered_out_pk = BasicModel.objects.filter(text='filtered out')[0].pk
-        request = factory.put('/{}'.format(filtered_out_pk), data, format='json')
-        response = self.view(request, pk=filtered_out_pk).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+    data = {'text': 'foo'}
+    filtered_out_pk = BasicModel.objects.filter(text='filtered out')[0].pk
+    request = factory.put('/{}'.format(filtered_out_pk), data, format='json')
+    response = self.view(request, pk=filtered_out_pk).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
     def test_patch_cannot_create_an_object(self):
-        """
+    """
         PATCH requests should not be able to create objects.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.patch('/999', data, format='json')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=999).render()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.patch('/999', data, format='json')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=999).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
-        assert not self.objects.filter(id=999).exists()
+assertnotself.objects.filter(id=999).exists()
 
     def test_put_error_instance_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         Incorrect PUT requests in HTML should include a form error.
         """
-        data = {'text': 'foobar' * 100}
-        request = factory.put('/', data, HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
-        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
-        expected_error = '<span class="help-block">Ensure this field has no more than 100 characters.</span>'
-        assert expected_error in response.rendered_content.decode()
+    data = {'text': 'foobar' * 100}
+    request = factory.put('/', data, HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
+    response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    expected_error = '<span class="help-block">Ensure this field has no more than 100 characters.</span>'
+    assert expected_error in response.rendered_content.decode()
 
 
-class TestFKInstanceView(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        """
+def setUp(self):
+    """
         Create 3 BasicModel instances.
         """
-        items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
-        for item in items:
-            t = ForeignKeyTarget(name=item)
-            t.save()
-            ForeignKeySource(name='source_' + item, target=t).save()
+    items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    for item in items:
+        t = ForeignKeyTarget(name=item)
+        t.save()
+        ForeignKeySource(name='source_' + item, target=t).save()
 
         self.objects = ForeignKeySource.objects
-        self.data = [
-            {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.name}
-            for obj in self.objects.all()
-        ]
-        self.view = FKInstanceView.as_view()
+self.data=[{'id':obj.id,'name':obj.name}forobjinself.objects.all()]
+self.view=FKInstanceView.as_view()
 
 
-class TestOverriddenGetObject(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Test cases for a RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView that does NOT use the
     queryset/model mechanism but instead overrides get_object()
     """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        """
+defsetUp(self):
+    """
         Create 3 BasicModel instances.
         """
-        items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
-        for item in items:
-            BasicModel(text=item).save()
+    items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    for item in items:
+        BasicModel(text=item).save()
         self.objects = BasicModel.objects
-        self.data = [
-            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-            for obj in self.objects.all()
-        ]
-
-        class OverriddenGetObjectView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
-            """
+self.data=[{'id':obj.id,'text':obj.text}forobjinself.objects.all()]
+classOverriddenGetObjectView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
+        """
             Example detail view for override of get_object().
             """
-            serializer_class = BasicSerializer
-
-            def get_object(self):
-                pk = int(self.kwargs['pk'])
-                return get_object_or_404(BasicModel.objects.all(), id=pk)
+        serializer_class = BasicSerializer
+        def get_object(self):
+            pk = int(self.kwargs['pk'])
+            return get_object_or_404(BasicModel.objects.all(), id=pk)
 
         self.view = OverriddenGetObjectView.as_view()
 
     def test_overridden_get_object_view(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should return a single object.
         """
-        request = factory.get('/1')
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
+    request = factory.get('/1')
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        response = self.view(request, pk=1).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == self.data[0]
+assertresponse.data==self.data[0]
 
 
 # Regression test for #285
@@ -388,23 +366,22 @@ class CommentView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
     model = Comment
 
 
-class TestCreateModelWithAutoNowAddField(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.objects = Comment.objects
-        self.view = CommentView.as_view()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.objects = Comment.objects
+    self.view = CommentView.as_view()
 
     def test_create_model_with_auto_now_add_field(self):
-        """
+    """
         Regression test for #285
 
         https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/285
         """
-        data = {'email': 'foobar@example.com', 'content': 'foobar'}
-        request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
-        response = self.view(request).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
-        created = self.objects.get(id=1)
-        assert created.content == 'foobar'
+    data = {'email': 'foobar@example.com', 'content': 'foobar'}
+    request = factory.post('/', data, format='json')
+    response = self.view(request).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
+    created = self.objects.get(id=1)
+    assert created.content == 'foobar'
 
 
 # Test for particularly ugly regression with m2m in browsable API
@@ -432,15 +409,14 @@ class ExampleView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
     queryset = ClassA.objects.all()
 
 
-class TestM2MBrowsableAPI(TestCase):
-    def test_m2m_in_browsable_api(self):
-        """
+def test_m2m_in_browsable_api(self):
+    """
         Test for particularly ugly regression with m2m in browsable API
         """
-        request = factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
-        view = ExampleView().as_view()
-        response = view(request).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    request = factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
+    view = ExampleView().as_view()
+    response = view(request).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
 
 class InclusiveFilterBackend:
@@ -476,189 +452,179 @@ class DynamicSerializerView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
         return DynamicSerializer
 
 
-class TestFilterBackendAppliedToViews(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        """
+def setUp(self):
+    """
         Create 3 BasicModel instances to filter on.
         """
-        items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
-        for item in items:
-            BasicModel(text=item).save()
+    items = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    for item in items:
+        BasicModel(text=item).save()
         self.objects = BasicModel.objects
-        self.data = [
-            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-            for obj in self.objects.all()
-        ]
+self.data=[{'id':obj.id,'text':obj.text}forobjinself.objects.all()]
 
     def test_get_root_view_filters_by_name_with_filter_backend(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to ListCreateAPIView should return filtered list.
         """
-        root_view = RootView.as_view(filter_backends=(InclusiveFilterBackend,))
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = root_view(request).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert len(response.data) == 1
-        assert response.data == [{'id': 1, 'text': 'foo'}]
+    root_view = RootView.as_view(filter_backends=(InclusiveFilterBackend,))
+    request = factory.get('/')
+    response = root_view(request).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert len(response.data) == 1
+    assert response.data == [{'id': 1, 'text': 'foo'}]
 
     def test_get_root_view_filters_out_all_models_with_exclusive_filter_backend(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to ListCreateAPIView should return empty list when all models are filtered out.
         """
-        root_view = RootView.as_view(filter_backends=(ExclusiveFilterBackend,))
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = root_view(request).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == []
+    root_view = RootView.as_view(filter_backends=(ExclusiveFilterBackend,))
+    request = factory.get('/')
+    response = root_view(request).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert response.data == []
 
     def test_get_instance_view_filters_out_name_with_filter_backend(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should raise 404 when model filtered out.
         """
-        instance_view = InstanceView.as_view(filter_backends=(ExclusiveFilterBackend,))
-        request = factory.get('/1')
-        response = instance_view(request, pk=1).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
-        assert response.data == {'detail': 'Not found.'}
+    instance_view = InstanceView.as_view(filter_backends=(ExclusiveFilterBackend,))
+    request = factory.get('/1')
+    response = instance_view(request, pk=1).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+    assert response.data == {'detail': 'Not found.'}
 
     def test_get_instance_view_will_return_single_object_when_filter_does_not_exclude_it(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView should return a single object when not excluded
         """
-        instance_view = InstanceView.as_view(filter_backends=(InclusiveFilterBackend,))
-        request = factory.get('/1')
-        response = instance_view(request, pk=1).render()
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == {'id': 1, 'text': 'foo'}
+    instance_view = InstanceView.as_view(filter_backends=(InclusiveFilterBackend,))
+    request = factory.get('/1')
+    response = instance_view(request, pk=1).render()
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert response.data == {'id': 1, 'text': 'foo'}
 
     def test_dynamic_serializer_form_in_browsable_api(self):
-        """
+    """
         GET requests to ListCreateAPIView should return filtered list.
         """
-        view = DynamicSerializerView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request).render()
-        content = response.content.decode()
-        assert 'field_b' in content
-        assert 'field_a' not in content
+    view = DynamicSerializerView.as_view()
+    request = factory.get('/')
+    response = view(request).render()
+    content = response.content.decode()
+    assert 'field_b' in content
+    assert 'field_a' not in content
 
 
-class TestGuardedQueryset(TestCase):
-    def test_guarded_queryset(self):
-        class QuerysetAccessError(generics.ListAPIView):
-            queryset = BasicModel.objects.all()
-
-            def get(self, request):
-                return Response(list(self.queryset))
+def test_guarded_queryset(self):
+    class QuerysetAccessError(generics.ListAPIView):
+        queryset = BasicModel.objects.all()
+        def get(self, request):
+            return Response(list(self.queryset))
 
         view = QuerysetAccessError.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            view(request).render()
+request=factory.get('/')
+withpytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        view(request).render()
 
 
-class ApiViewsTests(TestCase):
 
-    def test_create_api_view_post(self):
-        class MockCreateApiView(generics.CreateAPIView):
-            def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+def test_create_api_view_post(self):
+    class MockCreateApiView(generics.CreateAPIView):
+        def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockCreateApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.post('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.post('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_destroy_api_view_delete(self):
-        class MockDestroyApiView(generics.DestroyAPIView):
-            def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockDestroyApiView(generics.DestroyAPIView):
+        def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockDestroyApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.delete('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.delete('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_update_api_view_partial_update(self):
-        class MockUpdateApiView(generics.UpdateAPIView):
-            def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockUpdateApiView(generics.UpdateAPIView):
+        def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockUpdateApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.patch('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.patch('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_retrieve_update_api_view_get(self):
-        class MockRetrieveUpdateApiView(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
-            def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockRetrieveUpdateApiView(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
+        def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockRetrieveUpdateApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.get('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.get('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_retrieve_update_api_view_put(self):
-        class MockRetrieveUpdateApiView(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
-            def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockRetrieveUpdateApiView(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
+        def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockRetrieveUpdateApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.put('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.put('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_retrieve_update_api_view_patch(self):
-        class MockRetrieveUpdateApiView(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
-            def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockRetrieveUpdateApiView(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
+        def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockRetrieveUpdateApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.patch('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.patch('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_retrieve_destroy_api_view_get(self):
-        class MockRetrieveDestroyUApiView(generics.RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
-            def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockRetrieveDestroyUApiView(generics.RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
+        def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockRetrieveDestroyUApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.get('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.get('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
     def test_retrieve_destroy_api_view_delete(self):
-        class MockRetrieveDestroyUApiView(generics.RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
-            def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.called = True
-                self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
+    class MockRetrieveDestroyUApiView(generics.RetrieveDestroyAPIView):
+        def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.called = True
+            self.call_args = (request, args, kwargs)
         view = MockRetrieveDestroyUApiView()
-        data = ('test request', ('test arg',), {'test_kwarg': 'test'})
-        view.delete('test request', 'test arg', test_kwarg='test')
-        assert view.called is True
-        assert view.call_args == data
+data=('test request',('test arg',),{'test_kwarg':'test'})
+view.delete('test request','test arg',test_kwarg='test')
+assertview.calledisTrue
+assertview.call_args==data
 
 
-class GetObjectOr404Tests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.uuid_object = UUIDForeignKeyTarget.objects.create(name='bar')
+def setUp(self):
+    super().setUp()
+    self.uuid_object = UUIDForeignKeyTarget.objects.create(name='bar')
 
     def test_get_object_or_404_with_valid_uuid(self):
-        obj = generics.get_object_or_404(
-            UUIDForeignKeyTarget, pk=self.uuid_object.pk
-        )
-        assert obj == self.uuid_object
+    obj = generics.get_object_or_404(    UUIDForeignKeyTarget, pk=self.uuid_object.pk    )
+    assert obj == self.uuid_object
 
     def test_get_object_or_404_with_invalid_string_for_uuid(self):
-        with pytest.raises(Http404):
-            generics.get_object_or_404(UUIDForeignKeyTarget, pk='not-a-uuid')
+    with pytest.raises(Http404):
+        generics.get_object_or_404(UUIDForeignKeyTarget, pk='not-a-uuid')

tests/test_htmlrenderer.py

@@ -42,122 +42,113 @@ urlpatterns = [
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_htmlrenderer')
-class TemplateHTMLRendererTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        class MockResponse:
-            template_name = None
+def setUp(self):
+    class MockResponse:
+        template_name = None
         self.mock_response = MockResponse()
-        self._monkey_patch_get_template()
+self._monkey_patch_get_template()
 
     def _monkey_patch_get_template(self):
-        """
+    """
         Monkeypatch get_template
         """
-        self.get_template = django.template.loader.get_template
-
-        def get_template(template_name, dirs=None):
-            if template_name == 'example.html':
-                return engines['django'].from_string("example: {{ object }}")
+    self.get_template = django.template.loader.get_template
+    def get_template(template_name, dirs=None):
+        if template_name == 'example.html':
+            return engines['django'].from_string("example: {{ object }}")
             raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name)
 
         def select_template(template_name_list, dirs=None, using=None):
-            if template_name_list == ['example.html']:
-                return engines['django'].from_string("example: {{ object }}")
+        if template_name_list == ['example.html']:
+            return engines['django'].from_string("example: {{ object }}")
             raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name_list[0])
 
         django.template.loader.get_template = get_template
-        django.template.loader.select_template = select_template
+django.template.loader.select_template=select_template
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """
+    """
         Revert monkeypatching
         """
-        django.template.loader.get_template = self.get_template
+    django.template.loader.get_template = self.get_template
 
     def test_simple_html_view(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/')
-        self.assertContains(response, "example: foobar")
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    response = self.client.get('/')
+    self.assertContains(response, "example: foobar")
+    assert response['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
 
     def test_not_found_html_view(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/not_found')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
-        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"404 Not Found")
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    response = self.client.get('/not_found')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+    assert response.content == b"404 Not Found"
+    assert response['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
 
     def test_permission_denied_html_view(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/permission_denied')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"403 Forbidden")
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    response = self.client.get('/permission_denied')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+    assert response.content == b"403 Forbidden"
+    assert response['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
 
     # 2 tests below are based on order of if statements in corresponding method
     # of TemplateHTMLRenderer
     def test_get_template_names_returns_own_template_name(self):
-        renderer = TemplateHTMLRenderer()
-        renderer.template_name = 'test_template'
-        template_name = renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response, view={})
-        assert template_name == ['test_template']
+    renderer = TemplateHTMLRenderer()
+    renderer.template_name = 'test_template'
+    template_name = renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response, view={})
+    assert template_name == ['test_template']
 
     def test_get_template_names_returns_view_template_name(self):
-        renderer = TemplateHTMLRenderer()
-
-        class MockResponse:
-            template_name = None
+    renderer = TemplateHTMLRenderer()
+    class MockResponse:
+        template_name = None
 
         class MockView:
-            def get_template_names(self):
-                return ['template from get_template_names method']
+        def get_template_names(self):
+            return ['template from get_template_names method']
 
         class MockView2:
-            template_name = 'template from template_name attribute'
+        template_name = 'template from template_name attribute'
 
-        template_name = renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response,
-                                                    MockView())
-        assert template_name == ['template from get_template_names method']
-
-        template_name = renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response,
-                                                    MockView2())
-        assert template_name == ['template from template_name attribute']
+        template_name = renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response,MockView())
+asserttemplate_name==['template from get_template_names method']
+template_name=renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response,MockView2())
+asserttemplate_name==['template from template_name attribute']
 
     def test_get_template_names_raises_error_if_no_template_found(self):
-        renderer = TemplateHTMLRenderer()
-        with pytest.raises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-            renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response, view=object())
+    renderer = TemplateHTMLRenderer()
+    with pytest.raises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+        renderer.get_template_names(self.mock_response, view=object())
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_htmlrenderer')
-class TemplateHTMLRendererExceptionTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        """
+def setUp(self):
+    """
         Monkeypatch get_template
         """
-        self.get_template = django.template.loader.get_template
-
-        def get_template(template_name):
-            if template_name == '404.html':
-                return engines['django'].from_string("404: {{ detail }}")
+    self.get_template = django.template.loader.get_template
+    def get_template(template_name):
+        if template_name == '404.html':
+            return engines['django'].from_string("404: {{ detail }}")
             if template_name == '403.html':
-                return engines['django'].from_string("403: {{ detail }}")
+            return engines['django'].from_string("403: {{ detail }}")
             raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name)
 
         django.template.loader.get_template = get_template
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """
+    """
         Revert monkeypatching
         """
-        django.template.loader.get_template = self.get_template
+    django.template.loader.get_template = self.get_template
 
     def test_not_found_html_view_with_template(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/not_found')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
-        self.assertTrue(response.content in (
-            b"404: Not found", b"404 Not Found"))
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    response = self.client.get('/not_found')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+    assert response.content in (    b"404: Not found", b"404 Not Found")
+    assert response['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
 
     def test_permission_denied_html_view_with_template(self):
-        response = self.client.get('/permission_denied')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-        self.assertTrue(response.content in (b"403: Permission denied", b"403 Forbidden"))
-        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    response = self.client.get('/permission_denied')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+    assert response.content in (b"403: Permission denied", b"403 Forbidden")
+    assert response['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'

tests/test_lazy_hyperlinks.py

@@ -34,16 +34,15 @@ urlpatterns = [
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_lazy_hyperlinks')
-class TestLazyHyperlinkNames(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.example = Example.objects.create(text='foo')
+def setUp(self):
+    self.example = Example.objects.create(text='foo')
 
     def test_lazy_hyperlink_names(self):
-        global str_called
-        context = {'request': None}
-        serializer = ExampleSerializer(self.example, context=context)
-        JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
-        assert not str_called
-        hyperlink_string = format_value(serializer.data['url'])
-        assert hyperlink_string == '<a href=/example/1/>An example</a>'
-        assert str_called
+    global str_called
+    context = {'request': None}
+    serializer = ExampleSerializer(self.example, context=context)
+    JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
+    assert not str_called
+    hyperlink_string = format_value(serializer.data['url'])
+    assert hyperlink_string == '<a href=/example/1/>An example</a>'
+    assert str_called

tests/test_metadata.py

@@ -308,98 +308,49 @@ class TestMetadata:
         assert options.get_serializer_info(list_serializer) == options.get_serializer_info(child_serializer)
 
 
-class TestSimpleMetadataFieldInfo(TestCase):
-    def test_null_boolean_field_info_type(self):
-        options = metadata.SimpleMetadata()
-        field_info = options.get_field_info(serializers.NullBooleanField())
-        assert field_info['type'] == 'boolean'
+def test_null_boolean_field_info_type(self):
+    options = metadata.SimpleMetadata()
+    field_info = options.get_field_info(serializers.NullBooleanField())
+    assert field_info['type'] == 'boolean'
 
     def test_related_field_choices(self):
-        options = metadata.SimpleMetadata()
-        BasicModel.objects.create()
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            field_info = options.get_field_info(
-                serializers.RelatedField(queryset=BasicModel.objects.all())
-            )
+    options = metadata.SimpleMetadata()
+    BasicModel.objects.create()
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        field_info = options.get_field_info(        serializers.RelatedField(queryset=BasicModel.objects.all())        )
         assert 'choices' not in field_info
 
 
-class TestModelSerializerMetadata(TestCase):
-    def test_read_only_primary_key_related_field(self):
-        """
+def test_read_only_primary_key_related_field(self):
+    """
         On generic views OPTIONS should return an 'actions' key with metadata
         on the fields that may be supplied to PUT and POST requests. It should
         not fail when a read_only PrimaryKeyRelatedField is present
         """
-        class Parent(models.Model):
-            integer_field = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(1), MaxValueValidator(1000)])
-            children = models.ManyToManyField('Child')
-            name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
+    class Parent(models.Model):
+        integer_field = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(1), MaxValueValidator(1000)])
+        children = models.ManyToManyField('Child')
+        name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
 
         class Child(models.Model):
-            name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+        name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
         class ExampleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
-            children = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(read_only=True, many=True)
-
-            class Meta:
-                model = Parent
-                fields = '__all__'
+        children = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(read_only=True, many=True)
+        class Meta:
+            model = Parent
+            fields = '__all__'
 
         class ExampleView(views.APIView):
-            """Example view."""
-            def post(self, request):
-                pass
+        """Example view."""
+        def post(self, request):
+            pass
 
             def get_serializer(self):
-                return ExampleSerializer()
+            return ExampleSerializer()
 
         view = ExampleView.as_view()
-        response = view(request=request)
-        expected = {
-            'name': 'Example',
-            'description': 'Example view.',
-            'renders': [
-                'application/json',
-                'text/html'
-            ],
-            'parses': [
-                'application/json',
-                'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-                'multipart/form-data'
-            ],
-            'actions': {
-                'POST': {
-                    'id': {
-                        'type': 'integer',
-                        'required': False,
-                        'read_only': True,
-                        'label': 'ID'
-                    },
-                    'children': {
-                        'type': 'field',
-                        'required': False,
-                        'read_only': True,
-                        'label': 'Children'
-                    },
-                    'integer_field': {
-                        'type': 'integer',
-                        'required': True,
-                        'read_only': False,
-                        'label': 'Integer field',
-                        'min_value': 1,
-                        'max_value': 1000
-                    },
-                    'name': {
-                        'type': 'string',
-                        'required': False,
-                        'read_only': False,
-                        'label': 'Name',
-                        'max_length': 100
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response.data == expected
+response=view(request=request)
+expected={'name':'Example','description':'Example view.','renders':['application/json','text/html'],'parses':['application/json','application/x-www-form-urlencoded','multipart/form-data'],'actions':{'POST':{'id':{'type':'integer','required':False,'read_only':True,'label':'ID'},'children':{'type':'field','required':False,'read_only':True,'label':'Children'},'integer_field':{'type':'integer','required':True,'read_only':False,'label':'Integer field','min_value':1,'max_value':1000},'name':{'type':'string','required':False,'read_only':False,'label':'Name','max_length':100}}}}
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_200_OK
+assertresponse.data==expected

tests/test_multitable_inheritance.py

@@ -33,35 +33,31 @@ class AssociatedModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
 
 # Tests
-class InheritedModelSerializationTests(TestCase):
 
-    def test_multitable_inherited_model_fields_as_expected(self):
-        """
+def test_multitable_inherited_model_fields_as_expected(self):
+    """
         Assert that the parent pointer field is not included in the fields
         serialized fields
         """
-        child = ChildModel(name1='parent name', name2='child name')
-        serializer = DerivedModelSerializer(child)
-        assert set(serializer.data) == {'name1', 'name2', 'id'}
+    child = ChildModel(name1='parent name', name2='child name')
+    serializer = DerivedModelSerializer(child)
+    assert set(serializer.data) == {'name1', 'name2', 'id'}
 
     def test_onetoone_primary_key_model_fields_as_expected(self):
-        """
+    """
         Assert that a model with a onetoone field that is the primary key is
         not treated like a derived model
         """
-        parent = ParentModel.objects.create(name1='parent name')
-        associate = AssociatedModel.objects.create(name='hello', ref=parent)
-        serializer = AssociatedModelSerializer(associate)
-        assert set(serializer.data) == {'name', 'ref'}
+    parent = ParentModel.objects.create(name1='parent name')
+    associate = AssociatedModel.objects.create(name='hello', ref=parent)
+    serializer = AssociatedModelSerializer(associate)
+    assert set(serializer.data) == {'name', 'ref'}
 
     def test_data_is_valid_without_parent_ptr(self):
-        """
+    """
         Assert that the pointer to the parent table is not a required field
         for input data
         """
-        data = {
-            'name1': 'parent name',
-            'name2': 'child name',
-        }
-        serializer = DerivedModelSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid() is True
+    data = {    'name1': 'parent name',    'name2': 'child name',    }
+    serializer = DerivedModelSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid() is True

tests/test_negotiation.py

@@ -30,70 +30,68 @@ class NoCharsetSpecifiedRenderer(BaseRenderer):
     media_type = 'my/media'
 
 
-class TestAcceptedMediaType(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.renderers = [MockJSONRenderer(), MockHTMLRenderer(), MockOpenAPIRenderer()]
-        self.negotiator = DefaultContentNegotiation()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.renderers = [MockJSONRenderer(), MockHTMLRenderer(), MockOpenAPIRenderer()]
+    self.negotiator = DefaultContentNegotiation()
 
     def select_renderer(self, request):
-        return self.negotiator.select_renderer(request, self.renderers)
+    return self.negotiator.select_renderer(request, self.renderers)
 
     def test_client_without_accept_use_renderer(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/'))
-        accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
-        assert accepted_media_type == 'application/json'
+    request = Request(factory.get('/'))
+    accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
+    assert accepted_media_type == 'application/json'
 
     def test_client_underspecifies_accept_use_renderer(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*'))
-        accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
-        assert accepted_media_type == 'application/json'
+    request = Request(factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*'))
+    accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
+    assert accepted_media_type == 'application/json'
 
     def test_client_overspecifies_accept_use_client(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='application/json; indent=8'))
-        accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
-        assert accepted_media_type == 'application/json; indent=8'
+    request = Request(factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='application/json; indent=8'))
+    accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
+    assert accepted_media_type == 'application/json; indent=8'
 
     def test_client_specifies_parameter(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='application/openapi+json;version=2.0'))
-        accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
-        assert accepted_media_type == 'application/openapi+json;version=2.0'
-        assert accepted_renderer.format == 'swagger'
+    request = Request(factory.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='application/openapi+json;version=2.0'))
+    accepted_renderer, accepted_media_type = self.select_renderer(request)
+    assert accepted_media_type == 'application/openapi+json;version=2.0'
+    assert accepted_renderer.format == 'swagger'
 
     def test_match_is_false_if_main_types_not_match(self):
-        mediatype = _MediaType('test_1')
-        anoter_mediatype = _MediaType('test_2')
-        assert mediatype.match(anoter_mediatype) is False
+    mediatype = _MediaType('test_1')
+    anoter_mediatype = _MediaType('test_2')
+    assert mediatype.match(anoter_mediatype) is False
 
     def test_mediatype_match_is_false_if_keys_not_match(self):
-        mediatype = _MediaType(';test_param=foo')
-        another_mediatype = _MediaType(';test_param=bar')
-        assert mediatype.match(another_mediatype) is False
+    mediatype = _MediaType(';test_param=foo')
+    another_mediatype = _MediaType(';test_param=bar')
+    assert mediatype.match(another_mediatype) is False
 
     def test_mediatype_precedence_with_wildcard_subtype(self):
-        mediatype = _MediaType('test/*')
-        assert mediatype.precedence == 1
+    mediatype = _MediaType('test/*')
+    assert mediatype.precedence == 1
 
     def test_mediatype_string_representation(self):
-        mediatype = _MediaType('test/*; foo=bar')
-        assert str(mediatype) == 'test/*; foo=bar'
+    mediatype = _MediaType('test/*; foo=bar')
+    assert str(mediatype) == 'test/*; foo=bar'
 
     def test_raise_error_if_no_suitable_renderers_found(self):
-        class MockRenderer:
-            format = 'xml'
+    class MockRenderer:
+        format = 'xml'
         renderers = [MockRenderer()]
-        with pytest.raises(Http404):
-            self.negotiator.filter_renderers(renderers, format='json')
+withpytest.raises(Http404):
+        self.negotiator.filter_renderers(renderers, format='json')
 
 
-class BaseContentNegotiationTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.negotiator = BaseContentNegotiation()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.negotiator = BaseContentNegotiation()
 
     def test_raise_error_for_abstract_select_parser_method(self):
-        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
-            self.negotiator.select_parser(None, None)
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        self.negotiator.select_parser(None, None)
 
     def test_raise_error_for_abstract_select_renderer_method(self):
-        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
-            self.negotiator.select_renderer(None, None)
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        self.negotiator.select_renderer(None, None)

tests/test_one_to_one_with_inheritance.py

@@ -28,14 +28,12 @@ class ChildAssociatedModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
 
 # Tests
-class InheritedModelSerializationTests(TestCase):
 
-    def test_multitable_inherited_model_fields_as_expected(self):
-        """
+def test_multitable_inherited_model_fields_as_expected(self):
+    """
         Assert that the parent pointer field is not included in the fields
         serialized fields
         """
-        child = ChildModel(name1='parent name', name2='child name')
-        serializer = DerivedModelSerializer(child)
-        self.assertEqual(set(serializer.data),
-                         {'name1', 'name2', 'id', 'childassociatedmodel'})
+    child = ChildModel(name1='parent name', name2='child name')
+    serializer = DerivedModelSerializer(child)
+    assert set(serializer.data) ==    {'name1', 'name2', 'id', 'childassociatedmodel'}

tests/test_parsers.py

@@ -22,157 +22,138 @@ class Form(forms.Form):
     field2 = forms.CharField()
 
 
-class TestFormParser(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.string = "field1=abc&field2=defghijk"
+def setUp(self):
+    self.string = "field1=abc&field2=defghijk"
 
     def test_parse(self):
-        """ Make sure the `QueryDict` works OK """
-        parser = FormParser()
-
-        stream = io.StringIO(self.string)
-        data = parser.parse(stream)
-
-        assert Form(data).is_valid() is True
+    """ Make sure the `QueryDict` works OK """
+    parser = FormParser()
+    stream = io.StringIO(self.string)
+    data = parser.parse(stream)
+    assert Form(data).is_valid() is True
 
 
-class TestFileUploadParser(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        class MockRequest:
-            pass
+def setUp(self):
+    class MockRequest:
+        pass
         self.stream = io.BytesIO(b"Test text file")
-        request = MockRequest()
-        request.upload_handlers = (MemoryFileUploadHandler(),)
-        request.META = {
-            'HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION': 'Content-Disposition: inline; filename=file.txt',
-            'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH': 14,
-        }
-        self.parser_context = {'request': request, 'kwargs': {}}
+request=MockRequest()
+request.upload_handlers=(MemoryFileUploadHandler(),)
+request.META={'HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION':'Content-Disposition: inline; filename=file.txt','HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH':14,}
+self.parser_context={'request':request,'kwargs':{}}
 
     def test_parse(self):
-        """
+    """
         Parse raw file upload.
         """
-        parser = FileUploadParser()
-        self.stream.seek(0)
-        data_and_files = parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
-        file_obj = data_and_files.files['file']
-        assert file_obj.size == 14
+    parser = FileUploadParser()
+    self.stream.seek(0)
+    data_and_files = parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    file_obj = data_and_files.files['file']
+    assert file_obj.size == 14
 
     def test_parse_missing_filename(self):
-        """
+    """
         Parse raw file upload when filename is missing.
         """
-        parser = FileUploadParser()
-        self.stream.seek(0)
-        self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ''
-        with pytest.raises(ParseError) as excinfo:
-            parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    parser = FileUploadParser()
+    self.stream.seek(0)
+    self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ''
+    with pytest.raises(ParseError) as excinfo:
+        parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
         assert str(excinfo.value) == 'Missing filename. Request should include a Content-Disposition header with a filename parameter.'
 
     def test_parse_missing_filename_multiple_upload_handlers(self):
-        """
+    """
         Parse raw file upload with multiple handlers when filename is missing.
         Regression test for #2109.
         """
-        parser = FileUploadParser()
-        self.stream.seek(0)
-        self.parser_context['request'].upload_handlers = (
-            MemoryFileUploadHandler(),
-            MemoryFileUploadHandler()
-        )
-        self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ''
-        with pytest.raises(ParseError) as excinfo:
-            parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    parser = FileUploadParser()
+    self.stream.seek(0)
+    self.parser_context['request'].upload_handlers = (    MemoryFileUploadHandler(),    MemoryFileUploadHandler()    )
+    self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ''
+    with pytest.raises(ParseError) as excinfo:
+        parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
         assert str(excinfo.value) == 'Missing filename. Request should include a Content-Disposition header with a filename parameter.'
 
     def test_parse_missing_filename_large_file(self):
-        """
+    """
         Parse raw file upload when filename is missing with TemporaryFileUploadHandler.
         """
-        parser = FileUploadParser()
-        self.stream.seek(0)
-        self.parser_context['request'].upload_handlers = (
-            TemporaryFileUploadHandler(),
-        )
-        self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ''
-        with pytest.raises(ParseError) as excinfo:
-            parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    parser = FileUploadParser()
+    self.stream.seek(0)
+    self.parser_context['request'].upload_handlers = (    TemporaryFileUploadHandler(),    )
+    self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = ''
+    with pytest.raises(ParseError) as excinfo:
+        parser.parse(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
         assert str(excinfo.value) == 'Missing filename. Request should include a Content-Disposition header with a filename parameter.'
 
     def test_get_filename(self):
-        parser = FileUploadParser()
-        filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
-        assert filename == 'file.txt'
+    parser = FileUploadParser()
+    filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    assert filename == 'file.txt'
 
     def test_get_encoded_filename(self):
-        parser = FileUploadParser()
-
-        self.__replace_content_disposition('inline; filename*=utf-8\'\'ÀĥƦ.txt')
-        filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
-        assert filename == 'ÀĥƦ.txt'
-
-        self.__replace_content_disposition('inline; filename=fallback.txt; filename*=utf-8\'\'ÀĥƦ.txt')
-        filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
-        assert filename == 'ÀĥƦ.txt'
-
-        self.__replace_content_disposition('inline; filename=fallback.txt; filename*=utf-8\'en-us\'ÀĥƦ.txt')
-        filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
-        assert filename == 'ÀĥƦ.txt'
+    parser = FileUploadParser()
+    self.__replace_content_disposition('inline; filename*=utf-8\'\'ÀĥƦ.txt')
+    filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    assert filename == 'ÀĥƦ.txt'
+    self.__replace_content_disposition('inline; filename=fallback.txt; filename*=utf-8\'\'ÀĥƦ.txt')
+    filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    assert filename == 'ÀĥƦ.txt'
+    self.__replace_content_disposition('inline; filename=fallback.txt; filename*=utf-8\'en-us\'ÀĥƦ.txt')
+    filename = parser.get_filename(self.stream, None, self.parser_context)
+    assert filename == 'ÀĥƦ.txt'
 
     def __replace_content_disposition(self, disposition):
-        self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = disposition
+    self.parser_context['request'].META['HTTP_CONTENT_DISPOSITION'] = disposition
 
 
-class TestJSONParser(TestCase):
-    def bytes(self, value):
-        return io.BytesIO(value.encode())
+def bytes(self, value):
+    return io.BytesIO(value.encode())
 
     def test_float_strictness(self):
-        parser = JSONParser()
-
-        # Default to strict
-        for value in ['Infinity', '-Infinity', 'NaN']:
-            with pytest.raises(ParseError):
-                parser.parse(self.bytes(value))
+    parser = JSONParser()
+    for value in ['Infinity', '-Infinity', 'NaN']:
+        with pytest.raises(ParseError):
+            parser.parse(self.bytes(value))
 
         parser.strict = False
-        assert parser.parse(self.bytes('Infinity')) == float('inf')
-        assert parser.parse(self.bytes('-Infinity')) == float('-inf')
-        assert math.isnan(parser.parse(self.bytes('NaN')))
+assertparser.parse(self.bytes('Infinity'))==float('inf')
+assertparser.parse(self.bytes('-Infinity'))==float('-inf')
+assertmath.isnan(parser.parse(self.bytes('NaN')))
 
 
-class TestPOSTAccessed(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.factory = APIRequestFactory()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.factory = APIRequestFactory()
 
     def test_post_accessed_in_post_method(self):
-        django_request = self.factory.post('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
-        request = Request(django_request, parsers=[FormParser(), MultiPartParser()])
-        django_request.POST
-        assert request.POST == {'foo': ['bar']}
-        assert request.data == {'foo': ['bar']}
+    django_request = self.factory.post('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
+    request = Request(django_request, parsers=[FormParser(), MultiPartParser()])
+    django_request.POST
+    assert request.POST == {'foo': ['bar']}
+    assert request.data == {'foo': ['bar']}
 
     def test_post_accessed_in_post_method_with_json_parser(self):
-        django_request = self.factory.post('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
-        request = Request(django_request, parsers=[JSONParser()])
-        django_request.POST
-        assert request.POST == {}
-        assert request.data == {}
+    django_request = self.factory.post('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
+    request = Request(django_request, parsers=[JSONParser()])
+    django_request.POST
+    assert request.POST == {}
+    assert request.data == {}
 
     def test_post_accessed_in_put_method(self):
-        django_request = self.factory.put('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
-        request = Request(django_request, parsers=[FormParser(), MultiPartParser()])
-        django_request.POST
-        assert request.POST == {'foo': ['bar']}
-        assert request.data == {'foo': ['bar']}
+    django_request = self.factory.put('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
+    request = Request(django_request, parsers=[FormParser(), MultiPartParser()])
+    django_request.POST
+    assert request.POST == {'foo': ['bar']}
+    assert request.data == {'foo': ['bar']}
 
     def test_request_read_before_parsing(self):
-        django_request = self.factory.put('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
-        request = Request(django_request, parsers=[FormParser(), MultiPartParser()])
-        django_request.read()
+    django_request = self.factory.put('/', {'foo': 'bar'})
+    request = Request(django_request, parsers=[FormParser(), MultiPartParser()])
+    django_request.read()
+    with pytest.raises(RawPostDataException):
+        request.POST
         with pytest.raises(RawPostDataException):
-            request.POST
-        with pytest.raises(RawPostDataException):
-            request.POST
-            request.data
+        request.POST
+        request.data

tests/test_permissions.py

@@ -72,177 +72,136 @@ def basic_auth_header(username, password):
     return 'Basic %s' % base64_credentials
 
 
-class ModelPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        User.objects.create_user('disallowed', 'disallowed@example.com', 'password')
-        user = User.objects.create_user('permitted', 'permitted@example.com', 'password')
-        user.user_permissions.set([
-            Permission.objects.get(codename='add_basicmodel'),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename='change_basicmodel'),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename='delete_basicmodel')
-        ])
-
-        user = User.objects.create_user('updateonly', 'updateonly@example.com', 'password')
-        user.user_permissions.set([
-            Permission.objects.get(codename='change_basicmodel'),
-        ])
-
-        self.permitted_credentials = basic_auth_header('permitted', 'password')
-        self.disallowed_credentials = basic_auth_header('disallowed', 'password')
-        self.updateonly_credentials = basic_auth_header('updateonly', 'password')
-
-        BasicModel(text='foo').save()
+def setUp(self):
+    User.objects.create_user('disallowed', 'disallowed@example.com', 'password')
+    user = User.objects.create_user('permitted', 'permitted@example.com', 'password')
+    user.user_permissions.set([    Permission.objects.get(codename='add_basicmodel'),    Permission.objects.get(codename='change_basicmodel'),    Permission.objects.get(codename='delete_basicmodel')    ])
+    user = User.objects.create_user('updateonly', 'updateonly@example.com', 'password')
+    user.user_permissions.set([    Permission.objects.get(codename='change_basicmodel'),    ])
+    self.permitted_credentials = basic_auth_header('permitted', 'password')
+    self.disallowed_credentials = basic_auth_header('disallowed', 'password')
+    self.updateonly_credentials = basic_auth_header('updateonly', 'password')
+    BasicModel(text='foo').save()
 
     def test_has_create_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.post('/', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = root_view(request, pk=1)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+    request = factory.post('/', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = root_view(request, pk=1)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
 
     def test_api_root_view_discard_default_django_model_permission(self):
-        """
+    """
         We check that DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES can
         apply to APIRoot view. More specifically we check expected behavior of
         ``_ignore_model_permissions`` attribute support.
         """
-        request = factory.get('/', format='json',
-                              HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        request.resolver_match = ResolverMatch('get', (), {})
-        response = api_root_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+    request = factory.get('/', format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    request.resolver_match = ResolverMatch('get', (), {})
+    response = api_root_view(request)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_get_queryset_has_create_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.post('/', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = get_queryset_list_view(request, pk=1)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+    request = factory.post('/', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = get_queryset_list_view(request, pk=1)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
 
     def test_has_put_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.put('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-                              HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+    request = factory.put('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_has_delete_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = instance_view(request, pk=1)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+    request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = instance_view(request, pk=1)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
 
     def test_does_not_have_create_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.post('/', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
-        response = root_view(request, pk=1)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
+    request = factory.post('/', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+    response = root_view(request, pk=1)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
     def test_does_not_have_put_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.put('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-                              HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
-        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
+    request = factory.put('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+    response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
     def test_does_not_have_delete_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
-        response = instance_view(request, pk=1)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
+    request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+    response = instance_view(request, pk=1)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
     def test_options_permitted(self):
-        request = factory.options(
-            '/',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials
-        )
-        response = root_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
-        self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions']), ['POST'])
-
-        request = factory.options(
-            '/1',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials
-        )
-        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
-        self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions']), ['PUT'])
+    request = factory.options(    '/',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials    )
+    response = root_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert 'actions' in response.data
+    assert list(response.data['actions']) == ['POST']
+    request = factory.options(    '/1',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials    )
+    response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert 'actions' in response.data
+    assert list(response.data['actions']) == ['PUT']
 
     def test_options_disallowed(self):
-        request = factory.options(
-            '/',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials
-        )
-        response = root_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)
-
-        request = factory.options(
-            '/1',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials
-        )
-        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)
+    request = factory.options(    '/',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials    )
+    response = root_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert 'actions' not in response.data
+    request = factory.options(    '/1',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials    )
+    response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert 'actions' not in response.data
 
     def test_options_updateonly(self):
-        request = factory.options(
-            '/',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials
-        )
-        response = root_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)
-
-        request = factory.options(
-            '/1',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials
-        )
-        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
-        self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions']), ['PUT'])
+    request = factory.options(    '/',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials    )
+    response = root_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert 'actions' not in response.data
+    request = factory.options(    '/1',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials    )
+    response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert 'actions' in response.data
+    assert list(response.data['actions']) == ['PUT']
 
     def test_empty_view_does_not_assert(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = empty_list_view(request, pk=1)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+    request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = empty_list_view(request, pk=1)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_calling_method_not_allowed(self):
-        request = factory.generic('METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED', '/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = root_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
-
-        request = factory.generic('METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED', '/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
+    request = factory.generic('METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED', '/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = root_view(request)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
+    request = factory.generic('METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED', '/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+    response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
 
     def test_check_auth_before_queryset_call(self):
-        class View(RootView):
-            def get_queryset(_):
-                self.fail('should not reach due to auth check')
+    class View(RootView):
+        def get_queryset(_):
+            self.fail('should not reach due to auth check')
         view = View.as_view()
-
-        request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION='')
-        response = view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
+request=factory.get('/',HTTP_AUTHORIZATION='')
+response=view(request)
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
 
     def test_queryset_assertions(self):
-        class View(views.APIView):
-            authentication_classes = [authentication.BasicAuthentication]
-            permission_classes = [permissions.DjangoModelPermissions]
+    class View(views.APIView):
+        authentication_classes = [authentication.BasicAuthentication]
+        permission_classes = [permissions.DjangoModelPermissions]
         view = View.as_view()
-
-        request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        msg = 'Cannot apply DjangoModelPermissions on a view that does not set `.queryset` or have a `.get_queryset()` method.'
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, msg):
-            view(request)
+request=factory.get('/',HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+msg='Cannot apply DjangoModelPermissions on a view that does not set `.queryset` or have a `.get_queryset()` method.'
+withself.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError,msg):
+        view(request)
 
         # Faulty `get_queryset()` methods should trigger the above "view does not have a queryset" assertion.
         class View(RootView):
-            def get_queryset(self):
-                return None
+        def get_queryset(self):
+            return None
         view = View.as_view()
-
-        request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, 'View.get_queryset() returned None'):
-            view(request)
+request=factory.get('/',HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+withself.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError,'View.get_queryset() returned None'):
+        view(request)
 
 
 class BasicPermModel(models.Model):
@@ -310,149 +269,117 @@ get_queryset_object_permissions_view = GetQuerysetObjectPermissionInstanceView.a
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(is_guardian_installed(), 'django-guardian not installed')
-class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Integration tests for the object level permissions API.
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
-
-        # create users
-        create = User.objects.create_user
-        users = {
-            'fullaccess': create('fullaccess', 'fullaccess@example.com', 'password'),
-            'readonly': create('readonly', 'readonly@example.com', 'password'),
-            'writeonly': create('writeonly', 'writeonly@example.com', 'password'),
-            'deleteonly': create('deleteonly', 'deleteonly@example.com', 'password'),
-        }
-
-        # give everyone model level permissions, as we are not testing those
-        everyone = Group.objects.create(name='everyone')
-        model_name = BasicPermModel._meta.model_name
-        app_label = BasicPermModel._meta.app_label
-        f = '{}_{}'.format
-        perms = {
-            'view': f('view', model_name),
-            'change': f('change', model_name),
-            'delete': f('delete', model_name)
-        }
-        for perm in perms.values():
-            perm = '{}.{}'.format(app_label, perm)
-            assign_perm(perm, everyone)
+defsetUp(self):
+    from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
+    create = User.objects.create_user
+    users = {    'fullaccess': create('fullaccess', 'fullaccess@example.com', 'password'),    'readonly': create('readonly', 'readonly@example.com', 'password'),    'writeonly': create('writeonly', 'writeonly@example.com', 'password'),    'deleteonly': create('deleteonly', 'deleteonly@example.com', 'password'),    }
+    everyone = Group.objects.create(name='everyone')
+    model_name = BasicPermModel._meta.model_name
+    app_label = BasicPermModel._meta.app_label
+    f = '{}_{}'.format
+    perms = {    'view': f('view', model_name),    'change': f('change', model_name),    'delete': f('delete', model_name)    }
+    for perm in perms.values():
+        perm = '{}.{}'.format(app_label, perm)
+        assign_perm(perm, everyone)
         everyone.user_set.add(*users.values())
-
-        # appropriate object level permissions
-        readers = Group.objects.create(name='readers')
-        writers = Group.objects.create(name='writers')
-        deleters = Group.objects.create(name='deleters')
-
-        model = BasicPermModel.objects.create(text='foo')
-
-        assign_perm(perms['view'], readers, model)
-        assign_perm(perms['change'], writers, model)
-        assign_perm(perms['delete'], deleters, model)
-
-        readers.user_set.add(users['fullaccess'], users['readonly'])
-        writers.user_set.add(users['fullaccess'], users['writeonly'])
-        deleters.user_set.add(users['fullaccess'], users['deleteonly'])
-
-        self.credentials = {}
-        for user in users.values():
-            self.credentials[user.username] = basic_auth_header(user.username, 'password')
+readers=Group.objects.create(name='readers')
+writers=Group.objects.create(name='writers')
+deleters=Group.objects.create(name='deleters')
+model=BasicPermModel.objects.create(text='foo')
+assign_perm(perms['view'],readers,model)
+assign_perm(perms['change'],writers,model)
+assign_perm(perms['delete'],deleters,model)
+readers.user_set.add(users['fullaccess'],users['readonly'])
+writers.user_set.add(users['fullaccess'],users['writeonly'])
+deleters.user_set.add(users['fullaccess'],users['deleteonly'])
+self.credentials={}
+foruserinusers.values():
+        self.credentials[user.username] = basic_auth_header(user.username, 'password')
 
     # Delete
     def test_can_delete_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly'])
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+    request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly'])
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
 
     def test_cannot_delete_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
+    request = factory.delete('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
     # Update
     def test_can_update_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.patch(
-            '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly']
-        )
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertEqual(response.data.get('text'), 'foobar')
+    request = factory.patch(    '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly']    )
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    assert response.data.get('text') == 'foobar'
 
     def test_cannot_update_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.patch(
-            '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']
-        )
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
+    request = factory.patch(    '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']    )
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
     def test_cannot_update_permissions_non_existing(self):
-        request = factory.patch(
-            '/999', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']
-        )
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='999')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
+    request = factory.patch(    '/999', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',    HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']    )
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='999')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
     # Read
     def test_can_read_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+    request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_cannot_read_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly'])
-        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
+    request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly'])
+    response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
     def test_can_read_get_queryset_permissions(self):
-        """
+    """
         same as ``test_can_read_permissions`` but with a view
         that rely on ``.get_queryset()`` instead of ``.queryset``.
         """
-        request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
-        response = get_queryset_object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+    request = factory.get('/1', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
+    response = get_queryset_object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     # Read list
     def test_django_object_permissions_filter_deprecated(self):
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter("always")
-            DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter()
 
-        message = ("`DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter` has been deprecated and moved "
-                   "to the 3rd-party django-rest-framework-guardian package.")
-        self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
-        self.assertIs(w[-1].category, RemovedInDRF310Warning)
-        self.assertEqual(str(w[-1].message), message)
+        message = ("`DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter` has been deprecated and moved ""to the 3rd-party django-rest-framework-guardian package.")
+assertlen(w)==1
+assertw[-1].categoryisRemovedInDRF310Warning
+assertstr(w[-1].message)==message
 
     def test_can_read_list_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
-        object_permissions_list_view.cls.filter_backends = (DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter,)
-        # TODO: remove in version 3.10
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
-            warnings.simplefilter("always")
-            response = object_permissions_list_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertEqual(response.data[0].get('id'), 1)
+    request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
+    object_permissions_list_view.cls.filter_backends = (DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter,)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        response = object_permissions_list_view(request)
+        assert response.status_code== status.HTTP_200_OK
+assertresponse.data[0].get('id')==1
 
     def test_cannot_read_list_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly'])
-        object_permissions_list_view.cls.filter_backends = (DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter,)
-        # TODO: remove in version 3.10
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
-            warnings.simplefilter("always")
-            response = object_permissions_list_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
-        self.assertListEqual(response.data, [])
+    request = factory.get('/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly'])
+    object_permissions_list_view.cls.filter_backends = (DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter,)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        response = object_permissions_list_view(request)
+        assert response.status_code== status.HTTP_200_OK
+assertresponse.data==[]
 
     def test_cannot_method_not_allowed(self):
-        request = factory.generic('METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED', '/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
-        response = object_permissions_list_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
+    request = factory.generic('METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED', '/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['readonly'])
+    response = object_permissions_list_view(request)
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
 
 
 class BasicPerm(permissions.BasePermission):
@@ -507,203 +434,176 @@ denied_view_with_detail = DeniedViewWithDetail.as_view()
 denied_object_view = DeniedObjectView.as_view()
 
 denied_object_view_with_detail = DeniedObjectViewWithDetail.as_view()
-
-
-class CustomPermissionsTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        BasicModel(text='foo').save()
-        User.objects.create_user('username', 'username@example.com', 'password')
-        credentials = basic_auth_header('username', 'password')
-        self.request = factory.get('/1', format='json', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=credentials)
-        self.custom_message = 'Custom: You cannot access this resource'
+def setUp(self):
+    BasicModel(text='foo').save()
+    User.objects.create_user('username', 'username@example.com', 'password')
+    credentials = basic_auth_header('username', 'password')
+    self.request = factory.get('/1', format='json', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=credentials)
+    self.custom_message = 'Custom: You cannot access this resource'
 
     def test_permission_denied(self):
-            response = denied_view(self.request, pk=1)
-            detail = response.data.get('detail')
-            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-            self.assertNotEqual(detail, self.custom_message)
+        response = denied_view(self.request, pk=1)
+        detail = response.data.get('detail')
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+        assert detail != self.custom_message
 
     def test_permission_denied_with_custom_detail(self):
-            response = denied_view_with_detail(self.request, pk=1)
-            detail = response.data.get('detail')
-            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-            self.assertEqual(detail, self.custom_message)
+        response = denied_view_with_detail(self.request, pk=1)
+        detail = response.data.get('detail')
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+        assert detail == self.custom_message
 
     def test_permission_denied_for_object(self):
-            response = denied_object_view(self.request, pk=1)
-            detail = response.data.get('detail')
-            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-            self.assertNotEqual(detail, self.custom_message)
+        response = denied_object_view(self.request, pk=1)
+        detail = response.data.get('detail')
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+        assert detail != self.custom_message
 
     def test_permission_denied_for_object_with_custom_detail(self):
-            response = denied_object_view_with_detail(self.request, pk=1)
-            detail = response.data.get('detail')
-            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-            self.assertEqual(detail, self.custom_message)
+        response = denied_object_view_with_detail(self.request, pk=1)
+        detail = response.data.get('detail')
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+        assert detail == self.custom_message
 
 
-class PermissionsCompositionTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.username = 'john'
-        self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com'
-        self.password = 'password'
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(
-            self.username,
-            self.email,
-            self.password
-        )
-        self.client.login(username=self.username, password=self.password)
+def setUp(self):
+    self.username = 'john'
+    self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com'
+    self.password = 'password'
+    self.user = User.objects.create_user(    self.username,    self.email,    self.password    )
+    self.client.login(username=self.username, password=self.password)
 
     def test_and_false(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
-        composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is False
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is False
 
     def test_and_true(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = self.user
-        composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = self.user
+    composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     def test_or_false(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
-        composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     def test_or_true(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = self.user
-        composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = self.user
+    composed_perm = permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     def test_not_false(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
-        composed_perm = ~permissions.IsAuthenticated
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    composed_perm = ~permissions.IsAuthenticated
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     def test_not_true(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = self.user
-        composed_perm = ~permissions.AllowAny
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is False
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = self.user
+    composed_perm = ~permissions.AllowAny
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is False
 
     def test_several_levels_without_negation(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = self.user
-        composed_perm = (
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated
-        )
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = self.user
+    composed_perm = (    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    permissions.IsAuthenticated    )
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     def test_several_levels_and_precedence_with_negation(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = self.user
-        composed_perm = (
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            ~ permissions.IsAdminUser &
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            ~(permissions.IsAdminUser & permissions.IsAdminUser)
-        )
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = self.user
+    composed_perm = (    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    ~ permissions.IsAdminUser &    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    ~(permissions.IsAdminUser & permissions.IsAdminUser)    )
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     def test_several_levels_and_precedence(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = self.user
-        composed_perm = (
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated |
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated &
-            permissions.IsAuthenticated
-        )
-        assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = self.user
+    composed_perm = (    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    permissions.IsAuthenticated |    permissions.IsAuthenticated &    permissions.IsAuthenticated    )
+    assert composed_perm().has_permission(request, None) is True
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not PY36, reason="assert_called_once() not available")
-    def test_or_lazyness(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
+deftest_or_lazyness(self):
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny | permissions.IsAuthenticated)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
+            assert hasperm is True
+            mock_allow.assert_called_once()
+            mock_deny.assert_not_called()
 
         with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny | permissions.IsAuthenticated)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, True)
-                mock_allow.assert_called_once()
-                mock_deny.assert_not_called()
-
-        with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, True)
-                mock_deny.assert_called_once()
-                mock_allow.assert_called_once()
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
+            assert hasperm is True
+            mock_deny.assert_called_once()
+            mock_allow.assert_called_once()
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not PY36, reason="assert_called_once() not available")
-    def test_object_or_lazyness(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
+deftest_object_or_lazyness(self):
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_object_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny | permissions.IsAuthenticated)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
+            assert hasperm is True
+            mock_allow.assert_called_once()
+            mock_deny.assert_not_called()
 
         with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_object_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny | permissions.IsAuthenticated)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, True)
-                mock_allow.assert_called_once()
-                mock_deny.assert_not_called()
-
-        with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_object_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, True)
-                mock_deny.assert_called_once()
-                mock_allow.assert_called_once()
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated | permissions.AllowAny)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
+            assert hasperm is True
+            mock_deny.assert_called_once()
+            mock_allow.assert_called_once()
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not PY36, reason="assert_called_once() not available")
-    def test_and_lazyness(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
+deftest_and_lazyness(self):
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny & permissions.IsAuthenticated)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
+            assert hasperm is False
+            mock_allow.assert_called_once()
+            mock_deny.assert_called_once()
 
         with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny & permissions.IsAuthenticated)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, False)
-                mock_allow.assert_called_once()
-                mock_deny.assert_called_once()
-
-        with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, False)
-                mock_allow.assert_not_called()
-                mock_deny.assert_called_once()
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_permission(request, None)
+            assert hasperm is False
+            mock_allow.assert_not_called()
+            mock_deny.assert_called_once()
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not PY36, reason="assert_called_once() not available")
-    def test_object_and_lazyness(self):
-        request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
-        request.user = AnonymousUser()
+deftest_object_and_lazyness(self):
+    request = factory.get('/1', format='json')
+    request.user = AnonymousUser()
+    with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_object_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny & permissions.IsAuthenticated)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
+            assert hasperm is False
+            mock_allow.assert_called_once()
+            mock_deny.assert_called_once()
 
         with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_object_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.AllowAny & permissions.IsAuthenticated)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, False)
-                mock_allow.assert_called_once()
-                mock_deny.assert_called_once()
-
-        with mock.patch.object(permissions.AllowAny, 'has_object_permission', return_value=True) as mock_allow:
-            with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
-                composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny)
-                hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
-                self.assertIs(hasperm, False)
-                mock_allow.assert_not_called()
-                mock_deny.assert_called_once()
+        with mock.patch.object(permissions.IsAuthenticated, 'has_object_permission', return_value=False) as mock_deny:
+            composed_perm = (permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.AllowAny)
+            hasperm = composed_perm().has_object_permission(request, None, None)
+            assert hasperm is False
+            mock_allow.assert_not_called()
+            mock_deny.assert_called_once()

tests/test_prefetch_related.py

@@ -18,41 +18,30 @@ class UserUpdate(generics.UpdateAPIView):
     serializer_class = UserSerializer
 
 
-class TestPrefetchRelatedUpdates(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user = User.objects.create(username='tom', email='tom@example.com')
-        self.groups = [Group.objects.create(name='a'), Group.objects.create(name='b')]
-        self.user.groups.set(self.groups)
+def setUp(self):
+    self.user = User.objects.create(username='tom', email='tom@example.com')
+    self.groups = [Group.objects.create(name='a'), Group.objects.create(name='b')]
+    self.user.groups.set(self.groups)
 
     def test_prefetch_related_updates(self):
-        view = UserUpdate.as_view()
-        pk = self.user.pk
-        groups_pk = self.groups[0].pk
-        request = factory.put('/', {'username': 'new', 'groups': [groups_pk]}, format='json')
-        response = view(request, pk=pk)
-        assert User.objects.get(pk=pk).groups.count() == 1
-        expected = {
-            'id': pk,
-            'username': 'new',
-            'groups': [1],
-            'email': 'tom@example.com'
-        }
-        assert response.data == expected
+    view = UserUpdate.as_view()
+    pk = self.user.pk
+    groups_pk = self.groups[0].pk
+    request = factory.put('/', {'username': 'new', 'groups': [groups_pk]}, format='json')
+    response = view(request, pk=pk)
+    assert User.objects.get(pk=pk).groups.count() == 1
+    expected = {    'id': pk,    'username': 'new',    'groups': [1],    'email': 'tom@example.com'    }
+    assert response.data == expected
 
     def test_prefetch_related_excluding_instance_from_original_queryset(self):
-        """
+    """
         Regression test for https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/4661
         """
-        view = UserUpdate.as_view()
-        pk = self.user.pk
-        groups_pk = self.groups[0].pk
-        request = factory.put('/', {'username': 'exclude', 'groups': [groups_pk]}, format='json')
-        response = view(request, pk=pk)
-        assert User.objects.get(pk=pk).groups.count() == 1
-        expected = {
-            'id': pk,
-            'username': 'exclude',
-            'groups': [1],
-            'email': 'tom@example.com'
-        }
-        assert response.data == expected
+    view = UserUpdate.as_view()
+    pk = self.user.pk
+    groups_pk = self.groups[0].pk
+    request = factory.put('/', {'username': 'exclude', 'groups': [groups_pk]}, format='json')
+    response = view(request, pk=pk)
+    assert User.objects.get(pk=pk).groups.count() == 1
+    expected = {    'id': pk,    'username': 'exclude',    'groups': [1],    'email': 'tom@example.com'    }
+    assert response.data == expected

tests/test_relations_hyperlink.py

@@ -70,380 +70,268 @@ class NullableOneToOneTargetSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
 
 # TODO: Add test that .data cannot be accessed prior to .is_valid
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_relations_hyperlink')
-class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            target = ManyToManyTarget(name='target-%d' % idx)
-            target.save()
-            source = ManyToManySource(name='source-%d' % idx)
-            source.save()
-            for target in ManyToManyTarget.objects.all():
-                source.targets.add(target)
+def setUp(self):
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        target = ManyToManyTarget(name='target-%d' % idx)
+        target.save()
+        source = ManyToManySource(name='source-%d' % idx)
+        source.save()
+        for target in ManyToManyTarget.objects.all():
+            source.targets.add(target)
 
     def test_relative_hyperlinks(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': None})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': '/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['/manytomanytarget/1/']},
-            {'url': '/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['/manytomanytarget/1/', '/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-            {'url': '/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['/manytomanytarget/1/', '/manytomanytarget/2/', '/manytomanytarget/3/']}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': None})
+    expected = [    {'url': '/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['/manytomanytarget/1/']},    {'url': '/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['/manytomanytarget/1/', '/manytomanytarget/2/']},    {'url': '/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['/manytomanytarget/1/', '/manytomanytarget/2/', '/manytomanytarget/3/']}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(4):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(4):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_retrieve_prefetch_related(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all().prefetch_related('targets')
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
-            serializer.data
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all().prefetch_related('targets')
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+        serializer.data
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(4):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_update(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
-        instance = ManyToManySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
+    instance = ManyToManySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_update(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/']}
-        instance = ManyToManyTarget.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        # Ensure target 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}
-
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/']}
+    instance = ManyToManyTarget.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_create(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_create(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/4/', 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'target-4'
-
-        # Ensure target 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/4/', 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/4/', 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'target-4'
+    queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/4/', 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': ['http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/']}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_relations_hyperlink')
-class HyperlinkedForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        new_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-2')
-        new_target.save()
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
-            source.save()
-
-    def test_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(3):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_update_incorrect_type(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert not serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['Incorrect type. Expected URL string, received int.']}
-
-    def test_reverse_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']}
-        instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=2)
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        # We shouldn't have saved anything to the db yet since save
-        # hasn't been called.
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        new_serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-        ]
-        assert new_serializer.data == expected
-
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure target 2 is update, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_create(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'}
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_reverse_foreign_key_create(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']}
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'target-3'
-
-        # Ensure target 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/']},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_update_with_invalid_null(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert not serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['This field may not be null.']}
-
-
-@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_relations_hyperlink')
-class HyperlinkedNullableForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            if idx == 3:
-                target = None
-            source = NullableForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
-            source.save()
-
-    def test_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_null(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is created, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_emptystring(self):
-        """
-        The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
-        of relationships.
-        """
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': ''}
-        expected_data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == expected_data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is created, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_null(self):
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-    def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_emptystring(self):
-        """
-        The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
-        of relationships.
-        """
-        data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': ''}
-        expected_data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == expected_data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
-
-
-@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_relations_hyperlink')
-class HyperlinkedNullableOneToOneTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        new_target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-2')
-        new_target.save()
-        source = NullableOneToOneSource(name='source-1', target=target)
+def setUp(self):
+    target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    new_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-2')
+    new_target.save()
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
         source.save()
 
-    def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
-        queryset = OneToOneTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableOneToOneTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
-        expected = [
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/onetoonetarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'nullable_source': 'http://testserver/nullableonetoonesource/1/'},
-            {'url': 'http://testserver/onetoonetarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'nullable_source': None},
-        ]
+    def test_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
         assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(3):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_update(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_update_incorrect_type(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert not serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['Incorrect type. Expected URL string, received int.']}
+
+    def test_reverse_foreign_key_update(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']}
+    instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=2)
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    new_serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    ]
+    assert new_serializer.data == expected
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_create(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'}
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/'},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_reverse_foreign_key_create(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']}
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'target-3'
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/2/']},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/3/', 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/3/']},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_update_with_invalid_null(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/foreignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert not serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['This field may not be null.']}
+
+
+@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_relations_hyperlink')
+def setUp(self):
+    target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        if idx == 3:
+            target = None
+            source = NullableForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
+source.save()
+
+    def test_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_null(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_emptystring(self):
+    """
+        The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
+        of relationships.
+        """
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': ''}
+    expected_data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == expected_data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/4/', 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_null(self):
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+    def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_emptystring(self):
+    """
+        The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
+        of relationships.
+        """
+    data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': ''}
+    expected_data = {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data, context={'request': request})
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == expected_data
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'http://testserver/foreignkeytarget/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/nullableforeignkeysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
+
+
+@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_relations_hyperlink')
+def setUp(self):
+    target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    new_target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-2')
+    new_target.save()
+    source = NullableOneToOneSource(name='source-1', target=target)
+    source.save()
+
+    def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
+    queryset = OneToOneTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableOneToOneTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
+    expected = [    {'url': 'http://testserver/onetoonetarget/1/', 'name': 'target-1', 'nullable_source': 'http://testserver/nullableonetoonesource/1/'},    {'url': 'http://testserver/onetoonetarget/2/', 'name': 'target-2', 'nullable_source': None},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected

tests/test_relations_pk.py

@@ -77,496 +77,373 @@ class OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
 # TODO: Add test that .data cannot be accessed prior to .is_valid
 
-class PKManyToManyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            target = ManyToManyTarget(name='target-%d' % idx)
-            target.save()
-            source = ManyToManySource(name='source-%d' % idx)
-            source.save()
-            for target in ManyToManyTarget.objects.all():
-                source.targets.add(target)
+def setUp(self):
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        target = ManyToManyTarget(name='target-%d' % idx)
+        target.save()
+        source = ManyToManySource(name='source-%d' % idx)
+        source.save()
+        for target in ManyToManyTarget.objects.all():
+            source.targets.add(target)
 
     def test_many_to_many_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(4):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_retrieve_prefetch_related(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all().prefetch_related('targets')
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
-            serializer.data
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all().prefetch_related('targets')
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+        serializer.data
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(4):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
-        instance = ManyToManySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+    instance = ManyToManySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]}
-        instance = ManyToManyTarget.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure target 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]}
+    instance = ManyToManyTarget.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': [1, 3]}
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': [1, 3]},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': [1, 3]}
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'targets': [1, 3]},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_many_to_many_unsaved(self):
-        source = ManyToManySource(name='source-unsaved')
-
-        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(source)
-
-        expected = {'id': None, 'name': 'source-unsaved', 'targets': []}
-        # no query if source hasn't been created yet
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    source = ManyToManySource(name='source-unsaved')
+    serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(source)
+    expected = {'id': None, 'name': 'source-unsaved', 'targets': []}
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'target-4'
-
-        # Ensure target 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'target-4'
+    queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
 
-class PKForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        new_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-2')
-        new_target.save()
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
-            source.save()
+def setUp(self):
+    target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    new_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-2')
+    new_target.save()
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
+        source.save()
 
     def test_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(3):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(3):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve_prefetch_related(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all().prefetch_related('sources')
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
-            serializer.data
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all().prefetch_related('sources')
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+        serializer.data
 
     def test_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_incorrect_type(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'foo'}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert not serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received str.']}
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'foo'}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert not serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received str.']}
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [1, 3]}
-        instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=2)
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        # We shouldn't have saved anything to the db yet since save
-        # hasn't been called.
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        new_serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-        ]
-        assert new_serializer.data == expected
-
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure target 2 is update, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [2]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [1, 3]},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [1, 3]}
+    instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=2)
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    new_serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    ]
+    assert new_serializer.data == expected
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [2]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [1, 3]},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 2}
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 2},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 2}
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 2},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [1, 3]}
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'target-3'
-
-        # Ensure target 3 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [2]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [1, 3]},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [1, 3]}
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'target-3'
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [2]},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [1, 3]},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_with_invalid_null(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert not serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['This field may not be null.']}
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert not serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['This field may not be null.']}
 
     def test_foreign_key_with_unsaved(self):
-        source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-unsaved')
-        expected = {'id': None, 'name': 'source-unsaved', 'target': None}
-
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(source)
-
-        # no query if source hasn't been created yet
-        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-unsaved')
+    expected = {'id': None, 'name': 'source-unsaved', 'target': None}
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(source)
+    with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_with_empty(self):
-        """
+    """
         Regression test for #1072
 
         https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/1072
         """
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer()
-        assert serializer.data['target'] is None
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer()
+    assert serializer.data['target'] is None
 
     def test_foreign_key_not_required(self):
-        """
+    """
         Let's say we wanted to fill the non-nullable model field inside
         Model.save(), we would make it empty and not required.
         """
-        class ModelSerializer(ForeignKeySourceSerializer):
-            class Meta(ForeignKeySourceSerializer.Meta):
-                extra_kwargs = {'target': {'required': False}}
+    class ModelSerializer(ForeignKeySourceSerializer):
+        class Meta(ForeignKeySourceSerializer.Meta):
+            extra_kwargs = {'target': {'required': False}}
         serializer = ModelSerializer(data={'name': 'test'})
-        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
-        assert 'target' not in serializer.validated_data
+serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
+assert'target'notinserializer.validated_data
 
     def test_queryset_size_without_limited_choices(self):
-        limited_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name="limited-target")
-        limited_target.save()
-        queryset = ForeignKeySourceSerializer().fields["target"].get_queryset()
-        assert len(queryset) == 3
+    limited_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name="limited-target")
+    limited_target.save()
+    queryset = ForeignKeySourceSerializer().fields["target"].get_queryset()
+    assert len(queryset) == 3
 
     def test_queryset_size_with_limited_choices(self):
-        limited_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name="limited-target")
-        limited_target.save()
-        queryset = ForeignKeySourceWithLimitedChoicesSerializer().fields["target"].get_queryset()
-        assert len(queryset) == 1
+    limited_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name="limited-target")
+    limited_target.save()
+    queryset = ForeignKeySourceWithLimitedChoicesSerializer().fields["target"].get_queryset()
+    assert len(queryset) == 1
 
     def test_queryset_size_with_Q_limited_choices(self):
-        limited_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name="limited-target")
-        limited_target.save()
-
-        class QLimitedChoicesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
-            class Meta:
-                model = ForeignKeySourceWithQLimitedChoices
-                fields = ("id", "target")
+    limited_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name="limited-target")
+    limited_target.save()
+    class QLimitedChoicesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+        class Meta:
+            model = ForeignKeySourceWithQLimitedChoices
+            fields = ("id", "target")
 
         queryset = QLimitedChoicesSerializer().fields["target"].get_queryset()
-        assert len(queryset) == 1
+assertlen(queryset)==1
 
 
-class PKNullableForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            if idx == 3:
-                target = None
+def setUp(self):
+    target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        if idx == 3:
+            target = None
             source = NullableForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
-            source.save()
+source.save()
 
     def test_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_null(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is created, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_emptystring(self):
-        """
+    """
         The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
         of relationships.
         """
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': ''}
-        expected_data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == expected_data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is created, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': ''}
+    expected_data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == expected_data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_null(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_emptystring(self):
-        """
+    """
         The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
         of relationships.
         """
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': ''}
-        expected_data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == expected_data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': ''}
+    expected_data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == expected_data
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_null_uuid_foreign_key_serializes_as_none(self):
-        source = NullableUUIDForeignKeySource(name='Source')
-        serializer = NullableUUIDForeignKeySourceSerializer(source)
-        data = serializer.data
-        assert data["target"] is None
+    source = NullableUUIDForeignKeySource(name='Source')
+    serializer = NullableUUIDForeignKeySourceSerializer(source)
+    data = serializer.data
+    assert data["target"] is None
 
     def test_nullable_uuid_foreign_key_is_valid_when_none(self):
-        data = {"name": "Source", "target": None}
-        serializer = NullableUUIDForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid(), serializer.errors
+    data = {"name": "Source", "target": None}
+    serializer = NullableUUIDForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid(), serializer.errors
 
 
-class PKNullableOneToOneTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        new_target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-2')
-        new_target.save()
-        source = NullableOneToOneSource(name='source-1', target=new_target)
-        source.save()
+def setUp(self):
+    target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    new_target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-2')
+    new_target.save()
+    source = NullableOneToOneSource(name='source-1', target=new_target)
+    source.save()
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
-        queryset = OneToOneTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableOneToOneTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'nullable_source': None},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'nullable_source': 1},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = OneToOneTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableOneToOneTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'nullable_source': None},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'nullable_source': 1},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
 
-class OneToOnePrimaryKeyTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+def setUp(self):
         # Given: Some target models already exist
-        self.target = target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        self.alt_target = alt_target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-2')
-        alt_target.save()
+    self.target = target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    self.alt_target = alt_target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-2')
+    alt_target.save()
 
     def test_one_to_one_when_primary_key(self):
         # When: Creating a Source pointing at the id of the second Target
-        target_pk = self.alt_target.id
-        source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data={'name': 'source-2', 'target': target_pk})
-        # Then: The source is valid with the serializer
-        if not source.is_valid():
-            self.fail("Expected OneToOnePKTargetSerializer to be valid but had errors: {}".format(source.errors))
+    target_pk = self.alt_target.id
+    source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data={'name': 'source-2', 'target': target_pk})
+    if not source.is_valid():
+        self.fail("Expected OneToOnePKTargetSerializer to be valid but had errors: {}".format(source.errors))
         # Then: Saving the serializer creates a new object
         new_source = source.save()
-        # Then: The new object has the same pk as the target object
-        self.assertEqual(new_source.pk, target_pk)
+assertnew_source.pk==target_pk
 
     def test_one_to_one_when_primary_key_no_duplicates(self):
         # When: Creating a Source pointing at the id of the second Target
-        target_pk = self.target.id
-        data = {'name': 'source-1', 'target': target_pk}
-        source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data=data)
-        # Then: The source is valid with the serializer
-        self.assertTrue(source.is_valid())
-        # Then: Saving the serializer creates a new object
-        new_source = source.save()
-        # Then: The new object has the same pk as the target object
-        self.assertEqual(new_source.pk, target_pk)
-        # When: Trying to create a second object
-        second_source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data=data)
-        self.assertFalse(second_source.is_valid())
-        expected = {'target': ['one to one pk source with this target already exists.']}
-        self.assertDictEqual(second_source.errors, expected)
+    target_pk = self.target.id
+    data = {'name': 'source-1', 'target': target_pk}
+    source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert source.is_valid()
+    new_source = source.save()
+    assert new_source.pk == target_pk
+    second_source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert not second_source.is_valid()
+    expected = {'target': ['one to one pk source with this target already exists.']}
+    assert second_source.errors == expected
 
     def test_one_to_one_when_primary_key_does_not_exist(self):
         # Given: a target PK that does not exist
-        target_pk = self.target.pk + self.alt_target.pk
-        source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data={'name': 'source-2', 'target': target_pk})
-        # Then: The source is not valid with the serializer
-        self.assertFalse(source.is_valid())
-        self.assertIn("Invalid pk", source.errors['target'][0])
-        self.assertIn("object does not exist", source.errors['target'][0])
+    target_pk = self.target.pk + self.alt_target.pk
+    source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data={'name': 'source-2', 'target': target_pk})
+    assert not source.is_valid()
+    assert "Invalid pk" in source.errors['target'][0]
+    assert "object does not exist" in source.errors['target'][0]

tests/test_relations_slug.py

@@ -42,246 +42,177 @@ class NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
 
 # TODO: M2M Tests, FKTests (Non-nullable), One2One
-class SlugForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        new_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-2')
-        new_target.save()
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
-            source.save()
+def setUp(self):
+    target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    new_target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-2')
+    new_target.save()
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        source = ForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
+        source.save()
 
     def test_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'target-1'}
-        ]
-        with self.assertNumQueries(4):
-            assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'target-1'}    ]
+    with self.assertNumQueries(4):
+        assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_retrieve_select_related(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all().select_related('target')
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
-            serializer.data
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all().select_related('target')
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+        serializer.data
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-2', 'source-3']},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-2', 'source-3']},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_retrieve_prefetch_related(self):
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all().prefetch_related('sources')
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
-            serializer.data
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all().prefetch_related('sources')
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+        serializer.data
 
     def test_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-2'}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-2'},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'target-1'}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-2'}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-2'},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'target-1'}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_incorrect_type(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 123}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert not serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['Object with name=123 does not exist.']}
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 123}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert not serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['Object with name=123 does not exist.']}
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']}
-        instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=2)
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        # We shouldn't have saved anything to the db yet since save
-        # hasn't been called.
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        new_serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-2', 'source-3']},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-        ]
-        assert new_serializer.data == expected
-
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure target 2 is update, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-2']},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']}
+    instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=2)
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    new_serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-2', 'source-3']},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    ]
+    assert new_serializer.data == expected
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-2']},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'target-2'}
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'target-2'},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'target-2'}
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': 'target-2'},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_reverse_foreign_key_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']}
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'target-3'
-
-        # Ensure target 3 is added, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
-        serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-2']},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']}
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'target-3'
+    queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
+    serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': ['source-2']},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': ['source-1', 'source-3']},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_with_invalid_null(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert not serializer.is_valid()
-        assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['This field may not be null.']}
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert not serializer.is_valid()
+    assert serializer.errors == {'target': ['This field may not be null.']}
 
 
-class SlugNullableForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
-        target.save()
-        for idx in range(1, 4):
-            if idx == 3:
-                target = None
+def setUp(self):
+    target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
+    target.save()
+    for idx in range(1, 4):
+        if idx == 3:
+            target = None
             source = NullableForeignKeySource(name='source-%d' % idx, target=target)
-            source.save()
+source.save()
 
     def test_foreign_key_retrieve_with_null(self):
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_null(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is created, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_create_with_valid_emptystring(self):
-        """
+    """
         The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
         of relationships.
         """
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': ''}
-        expected_data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        obj = serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == expected_data
-        assert obj.name == 'source-4'
-
-        # Ensure source 4 is created, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': ''}
+    expected_data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    obj = serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == expected_data
+    assert obj.name == 'source-4'
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None},    {'id': 4, 'name': 'source-4', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_null(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == data
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected
 
     def test_foreign_key_update_with_valid_emptystring(self):
-        """
+    """
         The emptystring should be interpreted as null in the context
         of relationships.
         """
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': ''}
-        expected_data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
-        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
-        assert serializer.is_valid()
-        serializer.save()
-        assert serializer.data == expected_data
-
-        # Ensure source 1 is updated, and everything else is as expected
-        queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
-        serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
-        expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}
-        ]
-        assert serializer.data == expected
+    data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': ''}
+    expected_data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None}
+    instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
+    assert serializer.is_valid()
+    serializer.save()
+    assert serializer.data == expected_data
+    queryset = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.all()
+    serializer = NullableForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
+    expected = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': None},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 'target-1'},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': None}    ]
+    assert serializer.data == expected

tests/test_renderers.py

@@ -49,11 +49,10 @@ class DummyTestModel(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=42, default='')
 
 
-class BasicRendererTests(TestCase):
-    def test_expected_results(self):
-        for value, renderer_cls, expected in expected_results:
-            output = renderer_cls().render(value)
-            self.assertEqual(output, expected)
+def test_expected_results(self):
+    for value, renderer_cls, expected in expected_results:
+        output = renderer_cls().render(value)
+        assert output == expected
 
 
 class RendererA(BaseRenderer):
@@ -144,123 +143,114 @@ class POSTDeniedView(APIView):
         return Response()
 
 
-class DocumentingRendererTests(TestCase):
-    def test_only_permitted_forms_are_displayed(self):
-        view = POSTDeniedView.as_view()
-        request = APIRequestFactory().get('/')
-        response = view(request).render()
-        self.assertNotContains(response, '>POST<')
-        self.assertContains(response, '>PUT<')
-        self.assertContains(response, '>PATCH<')
+def test_only_permitted_forms_are_displayed(self):
+    view = POSTDeniedView.as_view()
+    request = APIRequestFactory().get('/')
+    response = view(request).render()
+    self.assertNotContains(response, '>POST<')
+    self.assertContains(response, '>PUT<')
+    self.assertContains(response, '>PATCH<')
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_renderers')
-class RendererEndToEndTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     End-to-end testing of renderers using an RendererMixin on a generic view.
     """
-    def test_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
-        """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+deftest_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
+    """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
+    resp = self.client.get('/')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_head_method_serializes_no_content(self):
-        """No response must be included in HEAD requests."""
-        resp = self.client.head('/')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, b'')
+    """No response must be included in HEAD requests."""
+    resp = self.client.head('/')
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == b''
 
     def test_default_renderer_serializes_content_on_accept_any(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set to */* the default renderer should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    """If the Accept header is set to */* the default renderer should serialize the response."""
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_default_case(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
+    """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
         (In this case we check that works for the default renderer)"""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererA.media_type)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_non_default_case(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
+    """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
         (In this case we check that works for a non-default renderer)"""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_unsatisfiable_accept_header_on_request_returns_406_status(self):
-        """If the Accept header is unsatisfiable we should return a 406 Not Acceptable response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE)
+    """If the Accept header is unsatisfiable we should return a 406 Not Acceptable response."""
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='foo/bar')
+    assert resp.status_code == status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_query(self):
-        """If a 'format' query is specified, the renderer with the matching
+    """If a 'format' query is specified, the renderer with the matching
         format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        param = '?%s=%s' % (
-            api_settings.URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE,
-            RendererB.format
-        )
-        resp = self.client.get('/' + param)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    param = '?%s=%s' % (    api_settings.URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE,    RendererB.format    )
+    resp = self.client.get('/' + param)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_kwargs(self):
-        """If a 'format' keyword arg is specified, the renderer with the matching
+    """If a 'format' keyword arg is specified, the renderer with the matching
         format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/something.formatb')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/something.formatb')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_is_used_on_format_query_with_matching_accept(self):
-        """If both a 'format' query and a matching Accept header specified,
+    """If both a 'format' query and a matching Accept header specified,
         the renderer with the matching format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        param = '?%s=%s' % (
-            api_settings.URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE,
-            RendererB.format
-        )
-        resp = self.client.get('/' + param,
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    param = '?%s=%s' % (    api_settings.URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE,    RendererB.format    )
+    resp = self.client.get('/' + param,    HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_parse_error_renderers_browsable_api(self):
-        """Invalid data should still render the browsable API correctly."""
-        resp = self.client.post('/parseerror', data='foobar', content_type='application/json', HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+    """Invalid data should still render the browsable API correctly."""
+    resp = self.client.post('/parseerror', data='foobar', content_type='application/json', HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.status_code == status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
 
     def test_204_no_content_responses_have_no_content_type_set(self):
-        """
+    """
         Regression test for #1196
 
         https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/1196
         """
-        resp = self.client.get('/empty')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.get('Content-Type', None), None)
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+    resp = self.client.get('/empty')
+    assert resp.get('Content-Type', None) == None
+    assert resp.status_code == status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
 
     def test_contains_headers_of_api_response(self):
-        """
+    """
         Issue #1437
 
         Test we display the headers of the API response and not those from the
         HTML response
         """
-        resp = self.client.get('/html1')
-        self.assertContains(resp, '>GET, HEAD, OPTIONS<')
-        self.assertContains(resp, '>application/json<')
-        self.assertNotContains(resp, '>text/html; charset=utf-8<')
+    resp = self.client.get('/html1')
+    self.assertContains(resp, '>GET, HEAD, OPTIONS<')
+    self.assertContains(resp, '>application/json<')
+    self.assertNotContains(resp, '>text/html; charset=utf-8<')
 
 
 _flat_repr = '{"foo":["bar","baz"]}'
@@ -275,183 +265,174 @@ def strip_trailing_whitespace(content):
     return re.sub(' +\n', '\n', content)
 
 
-class BaseRendererTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests BaseRenderer
     """
-    def test_render_raise_error(self):
-        """
+deftest_render_raise_error(self):
+    """
         BaseRenderer.render should raise NotImplementedError
         """
-        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
-            BaseRenderer().render('test')
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        BaseRenderer().render('test')
 
 
-class JSONRendererTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests specific to the JSON Renderer
     """
-
-    def test_render_lazy_strings(self):
-        """
+deftest_render_lazy_strings(self):
+    """
         JSONRenderer should deal with lazy translated strings.
         """
-        ret = JSONRenderer().render(_('test'))
-        self.assertEqual(ret, b'"test"')
+    ret = JSONRenderer().render(_('test'))
+    assert ret == b'"test"'
 
     def test_render_queryset_values(self):
-        o = DummyTestModel.objects.create(name='dummy')
-        qs = DummyTestModel.objects.values('id', 'name')
-        ret = JSONRenderer().render(qs)
-        data = json.loads(ret.decode())
-        self.assertEqual(data, [{'id': o.id, 'name': o.name}])
+    o = DummyTestModel.objects.create(name='dummy')
+    qs = DummyTestModel.objects.values('id', 'name')
+    ret = JSONRenderer().render(qs)
+    data = json.loads(ret.decode())
+    assert data == [{'id': o.id, 'name': o.name}]
 
     def test_render_queryset_values_list(self):
-        o = DummyTestModel.objects.create(name='dummy')
-        qs = DummyTestModel.objects.values_list('id', 'name')
-        ret = JSONRenderer().render(qs)
-        data = json.loads(ret.decode())
-        self.assertEqual(data, [[o.id, o.name]])
+    o = DummyTestModel.objects.create(name='dummy')
+    qs = DummyTestModel.objects.values_list('id', 'name')
+    ret = JSONRenderer().render(qs)
+    data = json.loads(ret.decode())
+    assert data == [[o.id, o.name]]
 
     def test_render_dict_abc_obj(self):
-        class Dict(MutableMapping):
-            def __init__(self):
-                self._dict = {}
+    class Dict(MutableMapping):
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._dict = {}
 
             def __getitem__(self, key):
-                return self._dict.__getitem__(key)
+            return self._dict.__getitem__(key)
 
             def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-                return self._dict.__setitem__(key, value)
+            return self._dict.__setitem__(key, value)
 
             def __delitem__(self, key):
-                return self._dict.__delitem__(key)
+            return self._dict.__delitem__(key)
 
             def __iter__(self):
-                return self._dict.__iter__()
+            return self._dict.__iter__()
 
             def __len__(self):
-                return self._dict.__len__()
+            return self._dict.__len__()
 
             def keys(self):
-                return self._dict.keys()
+            return self._dict.keys()
 
         x = Dict()
-        x['key'] = 'string value'
-        x[2] = 3
-        ret = JSONRenderer().render(x)
-        data = json.loads(ret.decode())
-        self.assertEqual(data, {'key': 'string value', '2': 3})
+x['key']='string value'
+x[2]=3
+ret=JSONRenderer().render(x)
+data=json.loads(ret.decode())
+assertdata=={'key':'string value','2':3}
 
     def test_render_obj_with_getitem(self):
-        class DictLike:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self._dict = {}
+    class DictLike:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._dict = {}
 
             def set(self, value):
-                self._dict = dict(value)
+            self._dict = dict(value)
 
             def __getitem__(self, key):
-                return self._dict[key]
+            return self._dict[key]
 
         x = DictLike()
-        x.set({'a': 1, 'b': 'string'})
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            JSONRenderer().render(x)
+x.set({'a':1,'b':'string'})
+withpytest.raises(TypeError):
+        JSONRenderer().render(x)
 
     def test_float_strictness(self):
-        renderer = JSONRenderer()
-
-        # Default to strict
-        for value in [float('inf'), float('-inf'), float('nan')]:
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                renderer.render(value)
+    renderer = JSONRenderer()
+    for value in [float('inf'), float('-inf'), float('nan')]:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            renderer.render(value)
 
         renderer.strict = False
-        assert renderer.render(float('inf')) == b'Infinity'
-        assert renderer.render(float('-inf')) == b'-Infinity'
-        assert renderer.render(float('nan')) == b'NaN'
+assertrenderer.render(float('inf'))==b'Infinity'
+assertrenderer.render(float('-inf'))==b'-Infinity'
+assertrenderer.render(float('nan'))==b'NaN'
 
     def test_without_content_type_args(self):
-        """
+    """
         Test basic JSON rendering.
         """
-        obj = {'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
-        renderer = JSONRenderer()
-        content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        # Fix failing test case which depends on version of JSON library.
-        self.assertEqual(content.decode(), _flat_repr)
+    obj = {'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
+    renderer = JSONRenderer()
+    content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
+    assert content.decode() == _flat_repr
 
     def test_with_content_type_args(self):
-        """
+    """
         Test JSON rendering with additional content type arguments supplied.
         """
-        obj = {'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
-        renderer = JSONRenderer()
-        content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json; indent=2')
-        self.assertEqual(strip_trailing_whitespace(content.decode()), _indented_repr)
+    obj = {'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
+    renderer = JSONRenderer()
+    content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json; indent=2')
+    assert strip_trailing_whitespace(content.decode()) == _indented_repr
 
 
-class UnicodeJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests specific for the Unicode JSON Renderer
     """
-    def test_proper_encoding(self):
-        obj = {'countries': ['United Kingdom', 'France', 'España']}
-        renderer = JSONRenderer()
-        content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, '{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","España"]}'.encode())
+deftest_proper_encoding(self):
+    obj = {'countries': ['United Kingdom', 'France', 'España']}
+    renderer = JSONRenderer()
+    content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
+    assert content == '{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","España"]}'.encode()
 
     def test_u2028_u2029(self):
         # The \u2028 and \u2029 characters should be escaped,
         # even when the non-escaping unicode representation is used.
         # Regression test for #2169
-        obj = {'should_escape': '\u2028\u2029'}
-        renderer = JSONRenderer()
-        content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, '{"should_escape":"\\u2028\\u2029"}'.encode())
+    obj = {'should_escape': '\u2028\u2029'}
+    renderer = JSONRenderer()
+    content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
+    assert content == '{"should_escape":"\\u2028\\u2029"}'.encode()
 
 
-class AsciiJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests specific for the Unicode JSON Renderer
     """
-    def test_proper_encoding(self):
-        class AsciiJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
-            ensure_ascii = True
+deftest_proper_encoding(self):
+    class AsciiJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
+        ensure_ascii = True
         obj = {'countries': ['United Kingdom', 'France', 'España']}
-        renderer = AsciiJSONRenderer()
-        content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, '{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","Espa\\u00f1a"]}'.encode())
+renderer=AsciiJSONRenderer()
+content=renderer.render(obj,'application/json')
+assertcontent=='{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","Espa\\u00f1a"]}'.encode()
 
 
 # Tests for caching issue, #346
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_renderers')
-class CacheRenderTest(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests specific to caching responses
     """
-    def test_head_caching(self):
-        """
+deftest_head_caching(self):
+    """
         Test caching of HEAD requests
         """
-        response = self.client.head('/cache')
-        cache.set('key', response)
-        cached_response = cache.get('key')
-        assert isinstance(cached_response, Response)
-        assert cached_response.content == response.content
-        assert cached_response.status_code == response.status_code
+    response = self.client.head('/cache')
+    cache.set('key', response)
+    cached_response = cache.get('key')
+    assert isinstance(cached_response, Response)
+    assert cached_response.content == response.content
+    assert cached_response.status_code == response.status_code
 
     def test_get_caching(self):
-        """
+    """
         Test caching of GET requests
         """
-        response = self.client.get('/cache')
-        cache.set('key', response)
-        cached_response = cache.get('key')
-        assert isinstance(cached_response, Response)
-        assert cached_response.content == response.content
-        assert cached_response.status_code == response.status_code
+    response = self.client.get('/cache')
+    cache.set('key', response)
+    cached_response = cache.get('key')
+    assert isinstance(cached_response, Response)
+    assert cached_response.content == response.content
+    assert cached_response.status_code == response.status_code
 
 
 class TestJSONIndentationStyles:
@@ -476,150 +457,116 @@ class TestJSONIndentationStyles:
         assert renderer.render(data) == b'{"a": 1, "b": 2}'
 
 
-class TestHiddenFieldHTMLFormRenderer(TestCase):
-    def test_hidden_field_rendering(self):
-        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            published = serializers.HiddenField(default=True)
+def test_hidden_field_rendering(self):
+    class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+        published = serializers.HiddenField(default=True)
 
         serializer = TestSerializer(data={})
-        serializer.is_valid()
-        renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
-        field = serializer['published']
-        rendered = renderer.render_field(field, {})
-        assert rendered == ''
+serializer.is_valid()
+renderer=HTMLFormRenderer()
+field=serializer['published']
+rendered=renderer.render_field(field,{})
+assertrendered==''
 
 
-class TestHTMLFormRenderer(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            test_field = serializers.CharField()
+def setUp(self):
+    class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+        test_field = serializers.CharField()
 
         self.renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
-        self.serializer = TestSerializer(data={})
+self.serializer=TestSerializer(data={})
 
     def test_render_with_default_args(self):
-        self.serializer.is_valid()
-        renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
-
-        result = renderer.render(self.serializer.data)
-
-        self.assertIsInstance(result, SafeText)
+    self.serializer.is_valid()
+    renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
+    result = renderer.render(self.serializer.data)
+    assert isinstance(result, SafeText)
 
     def test_render_with_provided_args(self):
-        self.serializer.is_valid()
-        renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
-
-        result = renderer.render(self.serializer.data, None, {})
-
-        self.assertIsInstance(result, SafeText)
+    self.serializer.is_valid()
+    renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
+    result = renderer.render(self.serializer.data, None, {})
+    assert isinstance(result, SafeText)
 
 
-class TestChoiceFieldHTMLFormRenderer(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Test rendering ChoiceField with HTMLFormRenderer.
     """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        choices = ((1, 'Option1'), (2, 'Option2'), (12, 'Option12'))
-
-        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            test_field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices,
-                                                 initial=2)
+defsetUp(self):
+    choices = ((1, 'Option1'), (2, 'Option2'), (12, 'Option12'))
+    class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+        test_field = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=choices,        initial=2)
 
         self.TestSerializer = TestSerializer
-        self.renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
+self.renderer=HTMLFormRenderer()
 
     def test_render_initial_option(self):
-        serializer = self.TestSerializer()
-        result = self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
-
-        self.assertIsInstance(result, SafeText)
-
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="2" selected>Option2</option>',
-                          result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>', result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="12">Option12</option>', result)
+    serializer = self.TestSerializer()
+    result = self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
+    assert isinstance(result, SafeText)
+    self.assertInHTML('<option value="2" selected>Option2</option>',    result)
+    self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>', result)
+    self.assertInHTML('<option value="12">Option12</option>', result)
 
     def test_render_selected_option(self):
-        serializer = self.TestSerializer(data={'test_field': '12'})
-
-        serializer.is_valid()
-        result = self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
-
-        self.assertIsInstance(result, SafeText)
-
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="12" selected>Option12</option>',
-                          result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>', result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="2">Option2</option>', result)
+    serializer = self.TestSerializer(data={'test_field': '12'})
+    serializer.is_valid()
+    result = self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
+    assert isinstance(result, SafeText)
+    self.assertInHTML('<option value="12" selected>Option12</option>',    result)
+    self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>', result)
+    self.assertInHTML('<option value="2">Option2</option>', result)
 
 
-class TestMultipleChoiceFieldHTMLFormRenderer(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Test rendering MultipleChoiceField with HTMLFormRenderer.
     """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
+defsetUp(self):
+    self.renderer = HTMLFormRenderer()
 
     def test_render_selected_option_with_string_option_ids(self):
-        choices = (('1', 'Option1'), ('2', 'Option2'), ('12', 'Option12'),
-                   ('}', 'OptionBrace'))
-
-        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            test_field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=choices)
+    choices = (('1', 'Option1'), ('2', 'Option2'), ('12', 'Option12'),    ('}', 'OptionBrace'))
+    class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+        test_field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=choices)
 
         serializer = TestSerializer(data={'test_field': ['12']})
-        serializer.is_valid()
-
-        result = self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
-
-        self.assertIsInstance(result, SafeText)
-
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="12" selected>Option12</option>',
-                          result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>', result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="2">Option2</option>', result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="}">OptionBrace</option>', result)
+serializer.is_valid()
+result=self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
+assertisinstance(result, SafeText)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="12" selected>Option12</option>',result)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>',result)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="2">Option2</option>',result)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="}">OptionBrace</option>',result)
 
     def test_render_selected_option_with_integer_option_ids(self):
-        choices = ((1, 'Option1'), (2, 'Option2'), (12, 'Option12'))
-
-        class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            test_field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=choices)
+    choices = ((1, 'Option1'), (2, 'Option2'), (12, 'Option12'))
+    class TestSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+        test_field = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=choices)
 
         serializer = TestSerializer(data={'test_field': ['12']})
-        serializer.is_valid()
-
-        result = self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
-
-        self.assertIsInstance(result, SafeText)
-
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="12" selected>Option12</option>',
-                          result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>', result)
-        self.assertInHTML('<option value="2">Option2</option>', result)
+serializer.is_valid()
+result=self.renderer.render(serializer.data)
+assertisinstance(result, SafeText)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="12" selected>Option12</option>',result)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="1">Option1</option>',result)
+self.assertInHTML('<option value="2">Option2</option>',result)
 
 
-class StaticHTMLRendererTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests specific for Static HTML Renderer
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.renderer = StaticHTMLRenderer()
+defsetUp(self):
+    self.renderer = StaticHTMLRenderer()
 
     def test_static_renderer(self):
-        data = '<html><body>text</body></html>'
-        result = self.renderer.render(data)
-        assert result == data
+    data = '<html><body>text</body></html>'
+    result = self.renderer.render(data)
+    assert result == data
 
     def test_static_renderer_with_exception(self):
-        context = {
-            'response': Response(status=500, exception=True),
-            'request': Request(HttpRequest())
-        }
-        result = self.renderer.render({}, renderer_context=context)
-        assert result == '500 Internal Server Error'
+    context = {    'response': Response(status=500, exception=True),    'request': Request(HttpRequest())    }
+    result = self.renderer.render({}, renderer_context=context)
+    assert result == '500 Internal Server Error'
 
 
 class BrowsableAPIRendererTests(URLPatternsTestCase):
@@ -658,196 +605,142 @@ class BrowsableAPIRendererTests(URLPatternsTestCase):
         assert '>Extra list action<' in resp.content.decode()
 
 
-class AdminRendererTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.renderer = AdminRenderer()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.renderer = AdminRenderer()
 
     def test_render_when_resource_created(self):
-        class DummyView(APIView):
-            renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
+    class DummyView(APIView):
+        renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
         request = Request(HttpRequest())
-        request.build_absolute_uri = lambda: 'http://example.com'
-        response = Response(status=201, headers={'Location': '/test'})
-        context = {
-            'view': DummyView(),
-            'request': request,
-            'response': response
-        }
-
-        result = self.renderer.render(data={'test': 'test'},
-                                      renderer_context=context)
-        assert result == ''
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER
-        assert response['Location'] == 'http://example.com'
+request.build_absolute_uri=lambda:'http://example.com'
+response=Response(status=201,headers={'Location':'/test'})
+context={'view':DummyView(),'request':request,'response':response}
+result=self.renderer.render(data={'test':'test'},renderer_context=context)
+assertresult==''
+assertresponse.status_code==status.HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER
+assertresponse['Location']=='http://example.com'
 
     def test_render_dict(self):
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-        class DummyView(APIView):
-            renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
-
-            def get(self, request):
-                return Response({'foo': 'a string'})
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    class DummyView(APIView):
+        renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
+        def get(self, request):
+            return Response({'foo': 'a string'})
         view = DummyView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        response.render()
-        self.assertContains(response, '<tr><th>Foo</th><td>a string</td></tr>', html=True)
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+response.render()
+self.assertContains(response,'<tr><th>Foo</th><td>a string</td></tr>',html=True)
 
     def test_render_dict_with_items_key(self):
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-        class DummyView(APIView):
-            renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
-
-            def get(self, request):
-                return Response({'items': 'a string'})
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    class DummyView(APIView):
+        renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
+        def get(self, request):
+            return Response({'items': 'a string'})
 
         view = DummyView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        response.render()
-        self.assertContains(response, '<tr><th>Items</th><td>a string</td></tr>', html=True)
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+response.render()
+self.assertContains(response,'<tr><th>Items</th><td>a string</td></tr>',html=True)
 
     def test_render_dict_with_iteritems_key(self):
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-        class DummyView(APIView):
-            renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
-
-            def get(self, request):
-                return Response({'iteritems': 'a string'})
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    class DummyView(APIView):
+        renderer_classes = (AdminRenderer, )
+        def get(self, request):
+            return Response({'iteritems': 'a string'})
 
         view = DummyView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        response.render()
-        self.assertContains(response, '<tr><th>Iteritems</th><td>a string</td></tr>', html=True)
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+response.render()
+self.assertContains(response,'<tr><th>Iteritems</th><td>a string</td></tr>',html=True)
 
     def test_get_result_url(self):
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-        class DummyGenericViewsetLike(APIView):
-            lookup_field = 'test'
-
-            def reverse_action(view, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.assertEqual(kwargs['kwargs']['test'], 1)
-                return '/example/'
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    class DummyGenericViewsetLike(APIView):
+        lookup_field = 'test'
+        def reverse_action(view, *args, **kwargs):
+            assert kwargs['kwargs']['test'] == 1
+            return '/example/'
 
         # get the view instance instead of the view function
         view = DummyGenericViewsetLike.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        view = response.renderer_context['view']
-
-        self.assertEqual(self.renderer.get_result_url({'test': 1}, view), '/example/')
-        self.assertIsNone(self.renderer.get_result_url({}, view))
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+view=response.renderer_context['view']
+assertself.renderer.get_result_url({'test':1},view)=='/example/'
+assertself.renderer.get_result_url({},view)is None
 
     def test_get_result_url_no_result(self):
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-        class DummyView(APIView):
-            lookup_field = 'test'
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    class DummyView(APIView):
+        lookup_field = 'test'
 
         # get the view instance instead of the view function
         view = DummyView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-        view = response.renderer_context['view']
-
-        self.assertIsNone(self.renderer.get_result_url({'test': 1}, view))
-        self.assertIsNone(self.renderer.get_result_url({}, view))
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+view=response.renderer_context['view']
+assertself.renderer.get_result_url({'test':1},view)is None
+assertself.renderer.get_result_url({},view)is None
 
     def test_get_context_result_urls(self):
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-        class DummyView(APIView):
-            lookup_field = 'test'
-
-            def reverse_action(view, url_name, args=None, kwargs=None):
-                return '/%s/%d' % (url_name, kwargs['test'])
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    class DummyView(APIView):
+        lookup_field = 'test'
+        def reverse_action(view, url_name, args=None, kwargs=None):
+            return '/%s/%d' % (url_name, kwargs['test'])
 
         # get the view instance instead of the view function
         view = DummyView.as_view()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-        response = view(request)
-
-        data = [
-            {'test': 1},
-            {'url': '/example', 'test': 2},
-            {'url': None, 'test': 3},
-            {},
-        ]
-        context = {
-            'view': DummyView(),
-            'request': Request(request),
-            'response': response
-        }
-
-        context = self.renderer.get_context(data, None, context)
-        results = context['results']
-
-        self.assertEqual(len(results), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(results[0]['url'], '/detail/1')
-        self.assertEqual(results[1]['url'], '/example')
-        self.assertEqual(results[2]['url'], None)
-        self.assertNotIn('url', results[3])
+request=factory.get('/')
+response=view(request)
+data=[{'test':1},{'url':'/example','test':2},{'url':None,'test':3},{},]
+context={'view':DummyView(),'request':Request(request),'response':response}
+context=self.renderer.get_context(data,None,context)
+results=context['results']
+assertlen(results)==4
+assertresults[0]['url']=='/detail/1'
+assertresults[1]['url']=='/example'
+assertresults[2]['url']==None
+assert'url'not inresults[3]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not coreapi, reason='coreapi is not installed')
-class TestDocumentationRenderer(TestCase):
 
-    def test_document_with_link_named_data(self):
-        """
+def test_document_with_link_named_data(self):
+    """
         Ref #5395: Doc's `document.data` would fail with a Link named "data".
             As per #4972, use templatetag instead.
         """
-        document = coreapi.Document(
-            title='Data Endpoint API',
-            url='https://api.example.org/',
-            content={
-                'data': coreapi.Link(
-                    url='/data/',
-                    action='get',
-                    fields=[],
-                    description='Return data.'
-                )
-            }
-        )
-
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-
-        renderer = DocumentationRenderer()
-
-        html = renderer.render(document, accepted_media_type="text/html", renderer_context={"request": request})
-        assert '<h1>Data Endpoint API</h1>' in html
+    document = coreapi.Document(    title='Data Endpoint API',    url='https://api.example.org/',    content={    'data': coreapi.Link(    url='/data/',    action='get',    fields=[],    description='Return data.'    )    }    )
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    request = factory.get('/')
+    renderer = DocumentationRenderer()
+    html = renderer.render(document, accepted_media_type="text/html", renderer_context={"request": request})
+    assert '<h1>Data Endpoint API</h1>' in html
 
     def test_shell_code_example_rendering(self):
-        template = loader.get_template('rest_framework/docs/langs/shell.html')
-        context = {
-            'document': coreapi.Document(url='https://api.example.org/'),
-            'link_key': 'testcases > list',
-            'link': coreapi.Link(url='/data/', action='get', fields=[]),
-        }
-        html = template.render(context)
-        assert 'testcases list' in html
+    template = loader.get_template('rest_framework/docs/langs/shell.html')
+    context = {    'document': coreapi.Document(url='https://api.example.org/'),    'link_key': 'testcases > list',    'link': coreapi.Link(url='/data/', action='get', fields=[]),    }
+    html = template.render(context)
+    assert 'testcases list' in html
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not coreapi, reason='coreapi is not installed')
-class TestSchemaJSRenderer(TestCase):
 
-    def test_schemajs_output(self):
-        """
+def test_schemajs_output(self):
+    """
         Test output of the SchemaJS renderer as per #5608. Django 2.0 on Py3 prints binary data as b'xyz' in templates,
         and the base64 encoding used by SchemaJSRenderer outputs base64 as binary. Test fix.
         """
-        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-        request = factory.get('/')
-
-        renderer = SchemaJSRenderer()
-
-        output = renderer.render('data', renderer_context={"request": request})
-        assert "'ImRhdGEi'" in output
-        assert "'b'ImRhdGEi''" not in output
+    factory = APIRequestFactory()
+    request = factory.get('/')
+    renderer = SchemaJSRenderer()
+    output = renderer.render('data', renderer_context={"request": request})
+    assert "'ImRhdGEi'" in output
+    assert "'b'ImRhdGEi''" not in output

tests/test_request.py

@@ -23,18 +23,11 @@ from rest_framework.test import APIClient, APIRequestFactory
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
-
-
-class TestInitializer(TestCase):
-    def test_request_type(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/'))
-
-        message = (
-            'The `request` argument must be an instance of '
-            '`django.http.HttpRequest`, not `rest_framework.request.Request`.'
-        )
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, message):
-            Request(request)
+def test_request_type(self):
+    request = Request(factory.get('/'))
+    message = (    'The `request` argument must be an instance of '    '`django.http.HttpRequest`, not `rest_framework.request.Request`.'    )
+    with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, message):
+        Request(request)
 
 
 class PlainTextParser(BaseParser):
@@ -50,79 +43,78 @@ class PlainTextParser(BaseParser):
         return stream.read()
 
 
-class TestContentParsing(TestCase):
-    def test_standard_behaviour_determines_no_content_GET(self):
-        """
+def test_standard_behaviour_determines_no_content_GET(self):
+    """
         Ensure request.data returns empty QueryDict for GET request.
         """
-        request = Request(factory.get('/'))
-        assert request.data == {}
+    request = Request(factory.get('/'))
+    assert request.data == {}
 
     def test_standard_behaviour_determines_no_content_HEAD(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.data returns empty QueryDict for HEAD request.
         """
-        request = Request(factory.head('/'))
-        assert request.data == {}
+    request = Request(factory.head('/'))
+    assert request.data == {}
 
     def test_request_DATA_with_form_content(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.data returns content for POST request with form content.
         """
-        data = {'qwerty': 'uiop'}
-        request = Request(factory.post('/', data))
-        request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
-        assert list(request.data.items()) == list(data.items())
+    data = {'qwerty': 'uiop'}
+    request = Request(factory.post('/', data))
+    request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
+    assert list(request.data.items()) == list(data.items())
 
     def test_request_DATA_with_text_content(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.data returns content for POST request with
         non-form content.
         """
-        content = b'qwerty'
-        content_type = 'text/plain'
-        request = Request(factory.post('/', content, content_type=content_type))
-        request.parsers = (PlainTextParser(),)
-        assert request.data == content
+    content = b'qwerty'
+    content_type = 'text/plain'
+    request = Request(factory.post('/', content, content_type=content_type))
+    request.parsers = (PlainTextParser(),)
+    assert request.data == content
 
     def test_request_POST_with_form_content(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.POST returns content for POST request with form content.
         """
-        data = {'qwerty': 'uiop'}
-        request = Request(factory.post('/', data))
-        request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
-        assert list(request.POST.items()) == list(data.items())
+    data = {'qwerty': 'uiop'}
+    request = Request(factory.post('/', data))
+    request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
+    assert list(request.POST.items()) == list(data.items())
 
     def test_request_POST_with_files(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.POST returns no content for POST request with file content.
         """
-        upload = SimpleUploadedFile("file.txt", b"file_content")
-        request = Request(factory.post('/', {'upload': upload}))
-        request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
-        assert list(request.POST) == []
-        assert list(request.FILES) == ['upload']
+    upload = SimpleUploadedFile("file.txt", b"file_content")
+    request = Request(factory.post('/', {'upload': upload}))
+    request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
+    assert list(request.POST) == []
+    assert list(request.FILES) == ['upload']
 
     def test_standard_behaviour_determines_form_content_PUT(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.data returns content for PUT request with form content.
         """
-        data = {'qwerty': 'uiop'}
-        request = Request(factory.put('/', data))
-        request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
-        assert list(request.data.items()) == list(data.items())
+    data = {'qwerty': 'uiop'}
+    request = Request(factory.put('/', data))
+    request.parsers = (FormParser(), MultiPartParser())
+    assert list(request.data.items()) == list(data.items())
 
     def test_standard_behaviour_determines_non_form_content_PUT(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensure request.data returns content for PUT request with
         non-form content.
         """
-        content = b'qwerty'
-        content_type = 'text/plain'
-        request = Request(factory.put('/', content, content_type=content_type))
-        request.parsers = (PlainTextParser(), )
-        assert request.data == content
+    content = b'qwerty'
+    content_type = 'text/plain'
+    request = Request(factory.put('/', content, content_type=content_type))
+    request.parsers = (PlainTextParser(), )
+    assert request.data == content
 
 
 class MockView(APIView):
@@ -160,175 +152,148 @@ urlpatterns = [
 @override_settings(
     ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_request',
     FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS=['django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler'])
-class FileUploadTests(TestCase):
 
-    def test_fileuploads_closed_at_request_end(self):
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
-            response = self.client.post('/upload/', {'file': f})
+def test_fileuploads_closed_at_request_end(self):
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
+        response = self.client.post('/upload/', {'file': f})
 
         # sanity check that file was processed
         assert len(response.data) == 1
-
-        for file in response.data:
-            assert not os.path.exists(file)
+forfileinresponse.data:
+        assert not os.path.exists(file)
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_request')
-class TestContentParsingWithAuthentication(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
-        self.username = 'john'
-        self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com'
-        self.password = 'password'
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password)
+def setUp(self):
+    self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
+    self.username = 'john'
+    self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com'
+    self.password = 'password'
+    self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password)
 
     def test_user_logged_in_authentication_has_POST_when_not_logged_in(self):
-        """
+    """
         Ensures request.POST exists after SessionAuthentication when user
         doesn't log in.
         """
-        content = {'example': 'example'}
-
-        response = self.client.post('/', content)
-        assert status.HTTP_200_OK == response.status_code
-
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/', content)
-        assert status.HTTP_200_OK == response.status_code
+    content = {'example': 'example'}
+    response = self.client.post('/', content)
+    assert status.HTTP_200_OK == response.status_code
+    response = self.csrf_client.post('/', content)
+    assert status.HTTP_200_OK == response.status_code
 
 
-class TestUserSetter(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+def setUp(self):
         # Pass request object through session middleware so session is
         # available to login and logout functions
-        self.wrapped_request = factory.get('/')
-        self.request = Request(self.wrapped_request)
-        SessionMiddleware().process_request(self.wrapped_request)
-        AuthenticationMiddleware().process_request(self.wrapped_request)
-
-        User.objects.create_user('ringo', 'starr@thebeatles.com', 'yellow')
-        self.user = authenticate(username='ringo', password='yellow')
+    self.wrapped_request = factory.get('/')
+    self.request = Request(self.wrapped_request)
+    SessionMiddleware().process_request(self.wrapped_request)
+    AuthenticationMiddleware().process_request(self.wrapped_request)
+    User.objects.create_user('ringo', 'starr@thebeatles.com', 'yellow')
+    self.user = authenticate(username='ringo', password='yellow')
 
     def test_user_can_be_set(self):
-        self.request.user = self.user
-        assert self.request.user == self.user
+    self.request.user = self.user
+    assert self.request.user == self.user
 
     def test_user_can_login(self):
-        login(self.request, self.user)
-        assert self.request.user == self.user
+    login(self.request, self.user)
+    assert self.request.user == self.user
 
     def test_user_can_logout(self):
-        self.request.user = self.user
-        assert not self.request.user.is_anonymous
-        logout(self.request)
-        assert self.request.user.is_anonymous
+    self.request.user = self.user
+    assert not self.request.user.is_anonymous
+    logout(self.request)
+    assert self.request.user.is_anonymous
 
     def test_logged_in_user_is_set_on_wrapped_request(self):
-        login(self.request, self.user)
-        assert self.wrapped_request.user == self.user
+    login(self.request, self.user)
+    assert self.wrapped_request.user == self.user
 
     def test_calling_user_fails_when_attribute_error_is_raised(self):
-        """
+    """
         This proves that when an AttributeError is raised inside of the request.user
         property, that we can handle this and report the true, underlying error.
         """
-        class AuthRaisesAttributeError:
-            def authenticate(self, request):
-                self.MISSPELLED_NAME_THAT_DOESNT_EXIST
+    class AuthRaisesAttributeError:
+        def authenticate(self, request):
+            self.MISSPELLED_NAME_THAT_DOESNT_EXIST
 
         request = Request(self.wrapped_request, authenticators=(AuthRaisesAttributeError(),))
-
-        # The middleware processes the underlying Django request, sets anonymous user
-        assert self.wrapped_request.user.is_anonymous
-
-        # The DRF request object does not have a user and should run authenticators
-        expected = r"no attribute 'MISSPELLED_NAME_THAT_DOESNT_EXIST'"
-        with pytest.raises(WrappedAttributeError, match=expected):
-            request.user
+assertself.wrapped_request.user.is_anonymous
+expected=r"no attribute 'MISSPELLED_NAME_THAT_DOESNT_EXIST'"
+withpytest.raises(WrappedAttributeError,match=expected):
+        request.user
 
         with pytest.raises(WrappedAttributeError, match=expected):
-            hasattr(request, 'user')
+        hasattr(request, 'user')
 
         with pytest.raises(WrappedAttributeError, match=expected):
-            login(request, self.user)
+        login(request, self.user)
 
 
-class TestAuthSetter(TestCase):
-    def test_auth_can_be_set(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/'))
-        request.auth = 'DUMMY'
-        assert request.auth == 'DUMMY'
+def test_auth_can_be_set(self):
+    request = Request(factory.get('/'))
+    request.auth = 'DUMMY'
+    assert request.auth == 'DUMMY'
 
 
-class TestSecure(TestCase):
 
-    def test_default_secure_false(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/', secure=False))
-        assert request.scheme == 'http'
+def test_default_secure_false(self):
+    request = Request(factory.get('/', secure=False))
+    assert request.scheme == 'http'
 
     def test_default_secure_true(self):
-        request = Request(factory.get('/', secure=True))
-        assert request.scheme == 'https'
+    request = Request(factory.get('/', secure=True))
+    assert request.scheme == 'https'
 
 
-class TestHttpRequest(TestCase):
-    def test_attribute_access_proxy(self):
-        http_request = factory.get('/')
-        request = Request(http_request)
-
-        inner_sentinel = object()
-        http_request.inner_property = inner_sentinel
-        assert request.inner_property is inner_sentinel
-
-        outer_sentinel = object()
-        request.inner_property = outer_sentinel
-        assert request.inner_property is outer_sentinel
+def test_attribute_access_proxy(self):
+    http_request = factory.get('/')
+    request = Request(http_request)
+    inner_sentinel = object()
+    http_request.inner_property = inner_sentinel
+    assert request.inner_property is inner_sentinel
+    outer_sentinel = object()
+    request.inner_property = outer_sentinel
+    assert request.inner_property is outer_sentinel
 
     def test_exception_proxy(self):
         # ensure the exception message is not for the underlying WSGIRequest
-        http_request = factory.get('/')
-        request = Request(http_request)
-
-        message = "'Request' object has no attribute 'inner_property'"
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, message):
-            request.inner_property
+    http_request = factory.get('/')
+    request = Request(http_request)
+    message = "'Request' object has no attribute 'inner_property'"
+    with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, message):
+        request.inner_property
 
     @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_request')
-    def test_duplicate_request_stream_parsing_exception(self):
-        """
+deftest_duplicate_request_stream_parsing_exception(self):
+    """
         Check assumption that duplicate stream parsing will result in a
         `RawPostDataException` being raised.
         """
-        response = APIClient().post('/echo/', data={'a': 'b'}, format='json')
-        request = response.renderer_context['request']
-
-        # ensure that request stream was consumed by json parser
-        assert request.content_type.startswith('application/json')
-        assert response.data == {'a': 'b'}
-
-        # pass same HttpRequest to view, stream already consumed
-        with pytest.raises(RawPostDataException):
-            EchoView.as_view()(request._request)
+    response = APIClient().post('/echo/', data={'a': 'b'}, format='json')
+    request = response.renderer_context['request']
+    assert request.content_type.startswith('application/json')
+    assert response.data == {'a': 'b'}
+    with pytest.raises(RawPostDataException):
+        EchoView.as_view()(request._request)
 
     @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_request')
-    def test_duplicate_request_form_data_access(self):
-        """
+deftest_duplicate_request_form_data_access(self):
+    """
         Form data is copied to the underlying django request for middleware
         and file closing reasons. Duplicate processing of a request with form
         data is 'safe' in so far as accessing `request.POST` does not trigger
         the duplicate stream parse exception.
         """
-        response = APIClient().post('/echo/', data={'a': 'b'})
-        request = response.renderer_context['request']
-
-        # ensure that request stream was consumed by form parser
-        assert request.content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data')
-        assert response.data == {'a': ['b']}
-
-        # pass same HttpRequest to view, form data set on underlying request
-        response = EchoView.as_view()(request._request)
-        request = response.renderer_context['request']
-
-        # ensure that request stream was consumed by form parser
-        assert request.content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data')
-        assert response.data == {'a': ['b']}
+    response = APIClient().post('/echo/', data={'a': 'b'})
+    request = response.renderer_context['request']
+    assert request.content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data')
+    assert response.data == {'a': ['b']}
+    response = EchoView.as_view()(request._request)
+    request = response.renderer_context['request']
+    assert request.content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data')
+    assert response.data == {'a': ['b']}

tests/test_response.py

@@ -131,155 +131,146 @@ urlpatterns = [
 
 # TODO: Clean tests bellow - remove duplicates with above, better unit testing, ...
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_response')
-class RendererIntegrationTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     End-to-end testing of renderers using an ResponseMixin on a generic view.
     """
-    def test_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
-        """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+deftest_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
+    """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
+    resp = self.client.get('/')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_head_method_serializes_no_content(self):
-        """No response must be included in HEAD requests."""
-        resp = self.client.head('/')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, b'')
+    """No response must be included in HEAD requests."""
+    resp = self.client.head('/')
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == b''
 
     def test_default_renderer_serializes_content_on_accept_any(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set to */* the default renderer should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    """If the Accept header is set to */* the default renderer should serialize the response."""
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_default_case(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
+    """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
         (In this case we check that works for the default renderer)"""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererA.media_type)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererA.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_non_default_case(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
+    """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
         (In this case we check that works for a non-default renderer)"""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_query(self):
-        """If a 'format' query is specified, the renderer with the matching
+    """If a 'format' query is specified, the renderer with the matching
         format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_kwargs(self):
-        """If a 'format' keyword arg is specified, the renderer with the matching
+    """If a 'format' keyword arg is specified, the renderer with the matching
         format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/something.formatb')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/something.formatb')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
     def test_specified_renderer_is_used_on_format_query_with_matching_accept(self):
-        """If both a 'format' query and a matching Accept header specified,
+    """If both a 'format' query and a matching Accept header specified,
         the renderer with the matching format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format,
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+    resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format,    HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == RendererB.media_type + '; charset=utf-8'
+    assert resp.content == RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT)
+    assert resp.status_code == DUMMYSTATUS
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_response')
-class UnsupportedMediaTypeTests(TestCase):
-    def test_should_allow_posting_json(self):
-        response = self.client.post('/json', data='{"test": 123}', content_type='application/json')
-
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+def test_should_allow_posting_json(self):
+    response = self.client.post('/json', data='{"test": 123}', content_type='application/json')
+    assert response.status_code == 200
 
     def test_should_not_allow_posting_xml(self):
-        response = self.client.post('/json', data='<test>123</test>', content_type='application/xml')
-
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 415)
+    response = self.client.post('/json', data='<test>123</test>', content_type='application/xml')
+    assert response.status_code == 415
 
     def test_should_not_allow_posting_a_form(self):
-        response = self.client.post('/json', data={'test': 123})
-
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 415)
+    response = self.client.post('/json', data={'test': 123})
+    assert response.status_code == 415
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_response')
-class Issue122Tests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests that covers #122.
     """
-    def test_only_html_renderer(self):
-        """
+deftest_only_html_renderer(self):
+    """
         Test if no infinite recursion occurs.
         """
-        self.client.get('/html')
+    self.client.get('/html')
 
     def test_html_renderer_is_first(self):
-        """
+    """
         Test if no infinite recursion occurs.
         """
-        self.client.get('/html1')
+    self.client.get('/html1')
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_response')
-class Issue467Tests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests for #467
     """
-    def test_form_has_label_and_help_text(self):
-        resp = self.client.get('/html_new_model')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+deftest_form_has_label_and_help_text(self):
+    resp = self.client.get('/html_new_model')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
         # self.assertContains(resp, 'Text comes here')
         # self.assertContains(resp, 'Text description.')
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_response')
-class Issue807Tests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Covers #807
     """
-    def test_does_not_append_charset_by_default(self):
-        """
+deftest_does_not_append_charset_by_default(self):
+    """
         Renderers don't include a charset unless set explicitly.
         """
-        headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererA.media_type}
-        resp = self.client.get('/', **headers)
-        expected = "{}; charset={}".format(RendererA.media_type, 'utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(expected, resp['Content-Type'])
+    headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererA.media_type}
+    resp = self.client.get('/', **headers)
+    expected = "{}; charset={}".format(RendererA.media_type, 'utf-8')
+    assert expected == resp['Content-Type']
 
     def test_if_there_is_charset_specified_on_renderer_it_gets_appended(self):
-        """
+    """
         If renderer class has charset attribute declared, it gets appended
         to Response's Content-Type
         """
-        headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererC.media_type}
-        resp = self.client.get('/', **headers)
-        expected = "{}; charset={}".format(RendererC.media_type, RendererC.charset)
-        self.assertEqual(expected, resp['Content-Type'])
+    headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererC.media_type}
+    resp = self.client.get('/', **headers)
+    expected = "{}; charset={}".format(RendererC.media_type, RendererC.charset)
+    assert expected == resp['Content-Type']
 
     def test_content_type_set_explicitly_on_response(self):
-        """
+    """
         The content type may be set explicitly on the response.
         """
-        headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererC.media_type}
-        resp = self.client.get('/setbyview', **headers)
-        self.assertEqual('setbyview', resp['Content-Type'])
+    headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererC.media_type}
+    resp = self.client.get('/setbyview', **headers)
+    assert 'setbyview' == resp['Content-Type']
 
     def test_form_has_label_and_help_text(self):
-        resp = self.client.get('/html_new_model')
-        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+    resp = self.client.get('/html_new_model')
+    assert resp['Content-Type'] == 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
         # self.assertContains(resp, 'Text comes here')
         # self.assertContains(resp, 'Text description.')

tests/test_reverse.py

@@ -30,25 +30,22 @@ class MockVersioningScheme:
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_reverse')
-class ReverseTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Tests for fully qualified URLs when using `reverse`.
     """
-    def test_reversed_urls_are_fully_qualified(self):
-        request = factory.get('/view')
-        url = reverse('view', request=request)
-        assert url == 'http://testserver/view'
+deftest_reversed_urls_are_fully_qualified(self):
+    request = factory.get('/view')
+    url = reverse('view', request=request)
+    assert url == 'http://testserver/view'
 
     def test_reverse_with_versioning_scheme(self):
-        request = factory.get('/view')
-        request.versioning_scheme = MockVersioningScheme()
-
-        url = reverse('view', request=request)
-        assert url == 'http://scheme-reversed/view'
+    request = factory.get('/view')
+    request.versioning_scheme = MockVersioningScheme()
+    url = reverse('view', request=request)
+    assert url == 'http://scheme-reversed/view'
 
     def test_reverse_with_versioning_scheme_fallback_to_default_on_error(self):
-        request = factory.get('/view')
-        request.versioning_scheme = MockVersioningScheme(raise_error=True)
-
-        url = reverse('view', request=request)
-        assert url == 'http://testserver/view'
+    request = factory.get('/view')
+    request.versioning_scheme = MockVersioningScheme(raise_error=True)
+    url = reverse('view', request=request)
+    assert url == 'http://testserver/view'

tests/test_routers.py

@@ -214,25 +214,24 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
         assert response.data == {"url": "http://testserver/example/notes/a%20b/", "uuid": "a b", "text": "baz qux"}
 
 
-class TestLookupValueRegex(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Ensure the router honors lookup_value_regex when applied
     to the viewset.
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-            queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
-            lookup_field = 'uuid'
-            lookup_value_regex = '[0-9a-f]{32}'
+defsetUp(self):
+    class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
+        lookup_field = 'uuid'
+        lookup_value_regex = '[0-9a-f]{32}'
 
         self.router = SimpleRouter()
-        self.router.register(r'notes', NoteViewSet)
-        self.urls = self.router.urls
+self.router.register(r'notes',NoteViewSet)
+self.urls=self.router.urls
 
     def test_urls_limited_by_lookup_value_regex(self):
-        expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<uuid>[0-9a-f]{32})/$']
-        for idx in range(len(expected)):
-            assert expected[idx] == get_regex_pattern(self.urls[idx])
+    expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<uuid>[0-9a-f]{32})/$']
+    for idx in range(len(expected)):
+        assert expected[idx] == get_regex_pattern(self.urls[idx])
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='tests.test_routers')
@@ -264,97 +263,84 @@ class TestLookupUrlKwargs(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
         assert response.data == {"url": "http://testserver/example/notes/123/", "uuid": "123", "text": "foo bar"}
 
 
-class TestTrailingSlashIncluded(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-            queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
+def setUp(self):
+    class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
 
         self.router = SimpleRouter()
-        self.router.register(r'notes', NoteViewSet)
-        self.urls = self.router.urls
+self.router.register(r'notes',NoteViewSet)
+self.urls=self.router.urls
 
     def test_urls_have_trailing_slash_by_default(self):
-        expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$']
-        for idx in range(len(expected)):
-            assert expected[idx] == get_regex_pattern(self.urls[idx])
+    expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$']
+    for idx in range(len(expected)):
+        assert expected[idx] == get_regex_pattern(self.urls[idx])
 
 
-class TestTrailingSlashRemoved(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-            queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
+def setUp(self):
+    class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
 
         self.router = SimpleRouter(trailing_slash=False)
-        self.router.register(r'notes', NoteViewSet)
-        self.urls = self.router.urls
+self.router.register(r'notes',NoteViewSet)
+self.urls=self.router.urls
 
     def test_urls_can_have_trailing_slash_removed(self):
-        expected = ['^notes$', '^notes/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)$']
-        for idx in range(len(expected)):
-            assert expected[idx] == get_regex_pattern(self.urls[idx])
+    expected = ['^notes$', '^notes/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)$']
+    for idx in range(len(expected)):
+        assert expected[idx] == get_regex_pattern(self.urls[idx])
 
 
-class TestNameableRoot(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-            queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
+def setUp(self):
+    class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
 
         self.router = DefaultRouter()
-        self.router.root_view_name = 'nameable-root'
-        self.router.register(r'notes', NoteViewSet)
-        self.urls = self.router.urls
+self.router.root_view_name='nameable-root'
+self.router.register(r'notes',NoteViewSet)
+self.urls=self.router.urls
 
     def test_router_has_custom_name(self):
-        expected = 'nameable-root'
-        assert expected == self.urls[-1].name
+    expected = 'nameable-root'
+    assert expected == self.urls[-1].name
 
 
-class TestActionKeywordArgs(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Ensure keyword arguments passed in the `@action` decorator
     are properly handled.  Refs #940.
     """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-            permission_classes = []
-
-            @action(methods=['post'], detail=True, permission_classes=[permissions.AllowAny])
-            def custom(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                return Response({
-                    'permission_classes': self.permission_classes
-                })
+defsetUp(self):
+    class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        permission_classes = []
+        @action(methods=['post'], detail=True, permission_classes=[permissions.AllowAny])
+        def custom(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            return Response({            'permission_classes': self.permission_classes            })
 
         self.router = SimpleRouter()
-        self.router.register(r'test', TestViewSet, basename='test')
-        self.view = self.router.urls[-1].callback
+self.router.register(r'test',TestViewSet,basename='test')
+self.view=self.router.urls[-1].callback
 
     def test_action_kwargs(self):
-        request = factory.post('/test/0/custom/')
-        response = self.view(request)
-        assert response.data == {'permission_classes': [permissions.AllowAny]}
+    request = factory.post('/test/0/custom/')
+    response = self.view(request)
+    assert response.data == {'permission_classes': [permissions.AllowAny]}
 
 
-class TestActionAppliedToExistingRoute(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Ensure `@action` decorator raises an except when applied
     to an existing route
     """
+deftest_exception_raised_when_action_applied_to_existing_route(self):
+    class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
 
-    def test_exception_raised_when_action_applied_to_existing_route(self):
-        class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-
-            @action(methods=['post'], detail=True)
-            def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                return Response({
-                    'hello': 'world'
-                })
+        @action(methods=['post'], detail=True)
+        def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+            return Response({            'hello': 'world'            })
 
         self.router = SimpleRouter()
-        self.router.register(r'test', TestViewSet, basename='test')
-
-        with pytest.raises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-            self.router.urls
+self.router.register(r'test',TestViewSet,basename='test')
+withpytest.raises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+        self.router.urls
 
 
 class DynamicListAndDetailViewSet(viewsets.ViewSet):
@@ -390,44 +376,33 @@ class SubDynamicListAndDetailViewSet(DynamicListAndDetailViewSet):
     pass
 
 
-class TestDynamicListAndDetailRouter(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.router = SimpleRouter()
+def setUp(self):
+    self.router = SimpleRouter()
 
     def _test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(self, viewset):
-        routes = self.router.get_routes(viewset)
-        decorator_routes = [r for r in routes if not (r.name.endswith('-list') or r.name.endswith('-detail'))]
-
-        MethodNamesMap = namedtuple('MethodNamesMap', 'method_name url_path')
-        # Make sure all these endpoints exist and none have been clobbered
-        for i, endpoint in enumerate([MethodNamesMap('list_custom_route_get', 'list_custom-route'),
-                                      MethodNamesMap('list_route_get', 'list_route_get'),
-                                      MethodNamesMap('list_route_post', 'list_route_post'),
-                                      MethodNamesMap('detail_custom_route_get', 'detail_custom-route'),
-                                      MethodNamesMap('detail_route_get', 'detail_route_get'),
-                                      MethodNamesMap('detail_route_post', 'detail_route_post')
-                                      ]):
-            route = decorator_routes[i]
-            # check url listing
-            method_name = endpoint.method_name
-            url_path = endpoint.url_path
-
-            if method_name.startswith('list_'):
-                assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
+    routes = self.router.get_routes(viewset)
+    decorator_routes = [r for r in routes if not (r.name.endswith('-list') or r.name.endswith('-detail'))]
+    MethodNamesMap = namedtuple('MethodNamesMap', 'method_name url_path')
+    for i, endpoint in enumerate([MethodNamesMap('list_custom_route_get', 'list_custom-route'),    MethodNamesMap('list_route_get', 'list_route_get'),    MethodNamesMap('list_route_post', 'list_route_post'),    MethodNamesMap('detail_custom_route_get', 'detail_custom-route'),    MethodNamesMap('detail_route_get', 'detail_route_get'),    MethodNamesMap('detail_route_post', 'detail_route_post')    ]):
+        route = decorator_routes[i]
+        method_name = endpoint.method_name
+        url_path = endpoint.url_path
+        if method_name.startswith('list_'):
+            assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
             else:
-                assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
+            assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
             # check method to function mapping
             if method_name.endswith('_post'):
-                method_map = 'post'
+            method_map = 'post'
             else:
-                method_map = 'get'
+            method_map = 'get'
             assert route.mapping[method_map] == method_name
 
     def test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(self):
-        self._test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(DynamicListAndDetailViewSet)
+    self._test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(DynamicListAndDetailViewSet)
 
     def test_inherited_list_and_detail_route_decorators(self):
-        self._test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(SubDynamicListAndDetailViewSet)
+    self._test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(SubDynamicListAndDetailViewSet)
 
 
 class TestEmptyPrefix(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
@@ -490,69 +465,52 @@ class TestViewInitkwargs(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
         assert initkwargs['basename'] == 'routertestmodel'
 
 
-class TestBaseNameRename(TestCase):
 
-    def test_base_name_and_basename_assertion(self):
-        router = SimpleRouter()
-
-        msg = "Do not provide both the `basename` and `base_name` arguments."
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w, \
-                self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, msg):
-            warnings.simplefilter('always')
-            router.register('mock', MockViewSet, 'mock', base_name='mock')
+def test_base_name_and_basename_assertion(self):
+    router = SimpleRouter()
+    msg = "Do not provide both the `basename` and `base_name` arguments."
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w,    self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, msg):
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        router.register('mock', MockViewSet, 'mock', base_name='mock')
 
         msg = "The `base_name` argument is pending deprecation in favor of `basename`."
-        assert len(w) == 1
-        assert str(w[0].message) == msg
+assertlen(w)==1
+assertstr(w[0].message)==msg
 
     def test_base_name_argument_deprecation(self):
-        router = SimpleRouter()
-
-        with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF311Warning) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter('always')
-            router.register('mock', MockViewSet, base_name='mock')
+    router = SimpleRouter()
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF311Warning) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        router.register('mock', MockViewSet, base_name='mock')
 
         msg = "The `base_name` argument is pending deprecation in favor of `basename`."
-        assert len(w) == 1
-        assert str(w[0].message) == msg
-        assert router.registry == [
-            ('mock', MockViewSet, 'mock'),
-        ]
+assertlen(w)==1
+assertstr(w[0].message)==msg
+assertrouter.registry==[('mock',MockViewSet,'mock'),]
 
     def test_basename_argument_no_warnings(self):
-        router = SimpleRouter()
-
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter('always')
-            router.register('mock', MockViewSet, basename='mock')
+    router = SimpleRouter()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        router.register('mock', MockViewSet, basename='mock')
 
         assert len(w) == 0
-        assert router.registry == [
-            ('mock', MockViewSet, 'mock'),
-        ]
+assertrouter.registry==[('mock',MockViewSet,'mock'),]
 
     def test_get_default_base_name_deprecation(self):
-        msg = "`CustomRouter.get_default_base_name` method should be renamed `get_default_basename`."
-
-        # Class definition should raise a warning
-        with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF311Warning) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter('always')
-
-            class CustomRouter(SimpleRouter):
-                def get_default_base_name(self, viewset):
-                    return 'foo'
+    msg = "`CustomRouter.get_default_base_name` method should be renamed `get_default_basename`."
+    with pytest.warns(RemovedInDRF311Warning) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        class CustomRouter(SimpleRouter):
+            def get_default_base_name(self, viewset):
+                return 'foo'
 
         assert len(w) == 1
-        assert str(w[0].message) == msg
-
-        # Deprecated method implementation should still be called
-        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-            warnings.simplefilter('always')
-
-            router = CustomRouter()
-            router.register('mock', MockViewSet)
+assertstr(w[0].message)==msg
+withwarnings.catch_warnings(record=True)asw:
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        router = CustomRouter()
+        router.register('mock', MockViewSet)
 
         assert len(w) == 0
-        assert router.registry == [
-            ('mock', MockViewSet, 'foo'),
-        ]
+assertrouter.registry==[('mock',MockViewSet,'foo'),]

tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py

@@ -4,120 +4,66 @@ Tests to cover bulk create and update using serializers.
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from rest_framework import serializers
-
-
-class BulkCreateSerializerTests(TestCase):
-    """
+"""
     Creating multiple instances using serializers.
     """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            id = serializers.IntegerField()
-            title = serializers.CharField(max_length=100)
-            author = serializers.CharField(max_length=100)
+defsetUp(self):
+    class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+        id = serializers.IntegerField()
+        title = serializers.CharField(max_length=100)
+        author = serializers.CharField(max_length=100)
 
         self.BookSerializer = BookSerializer
 
     def test_bulk_create_success(self):
-        """
+    """
         Correct bulk update serialization should return the input data.
         """
-
-        data = [
-            {
-                'id': 0,
-                'title': 'The electric kool-aid acid test',
-                'author': 'Tom Wolfe'
-            }, {
-                'id': 1,
-                'title': 'If this is a man',
-                'author': 'Primo Levi'
-            }, {
-                'id': 2,
-                'title': 'The wind-up bird chronicle',
-                'author': 'Haruki Murakami'
-            }
-        ]
-
-        serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
-        assert serializer.is_valid() is True
-        assert serializer.validated_data == data
-        assert serializer.errors == []
+    data = [    {    'id': 0,    'title': 'The electric kool-aid acid test',    'author': 'Tom Wolfe'    }, {    'id': 1,    'title': 'If this is a man',    'author': 'Primo Levi'    }, {    'id': 2,    'title': 'The wind-up bird chronicle',    'author': 'Haruki Murakami'    }    ]
+    serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+    assert serializer.is_valid() is True
+    assert serializer.validated_data == data
+    assert serializer.errors == []
 
     def test_bulk_create_errors(self):
-        """
+    """
         Incorrect bulk create serialization should return errors.
         """
-
-        data = [
-            {
-                'id': 0,
-                'title': 'The electric kool-aid acid test',
-                'author': 'Tom Wolfe'
-            }, {
-                'id': 1,
-                'title': 'If this is a man',
-                'author': 'Primo Levi'
-            }, {
-                'id': 'foo',
-                'title': 'The wind-up bird chronicle',
-                'author': 'Haruki Murakami'
-            }
-        ]
-        expected_errors = [
-            {},
-            {},
-            {'id': ['A valid integer is required.']}
-        ]
-
-        serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
-        assert serializer.is_valid() is False
-        assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
-        assert serializer.validated_data == []
+    data = [    {    'id': 0,    'title': 'The electric kool-aid acid test',    'author': 'Tom Wolfe'    }, {    'id': 1,    'title': 'If this is a man',    'author': 'Primo Levi'    }, {    'id': 'foo',    'title': 'The wind-up bird chronicle',    'author': 'Haruki Murakami'    }    ]
+    expected_errors = [    {},    {},    {'id': ['A valid integer is required.']}    ]
+    serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+    assert serializer.is_valid() is False
+    assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
+    assert serializer.validated_data == []
 
     def test_invalid_list_datatype(self):
-        """
+    """
         Data containing list of incorrect data type should return errors.
         """
-        data = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
-        serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
-        assert serializer.is_valid() is False
-
-        message = 'Invalid data. Expected a dictionary, but got str.'
-        expected_errors = [
-            {'non_field_errors': [message]},
-            {'non_field_errors': [message]},
-            {'non_field_errors': [message]}
-        ]
-
-        assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
+    data = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+    assert serializer.is_valid() is False
+    message = 'Invalid data. Expected a dictionary, but got str.'
+    expected_errors = [    {'non_field_errors': [message]},    {'non_field_errors': [message]},    {'non_field_errors': [message]}    ]
+    assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
 
     def test_invalid_single_datatype(self):
-        """
+    """
         Data containing a single incorrect data type should return errors.
         """
-        data = 123
-        serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
-        assert serializer.is_valid() is False
-
-        expected_errors = {'non_field_errors': ['Expected a list of items but got type "int".']}
-
-        assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
+    data = 123
+    serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+    assert serializer.is_valid() is False
+    expected_errors = {'non_field_errors': ['Expected a list of items but got type "int".']}
+    assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
 
     def test_invalid_single_object(self):
-        """
+    """
         Data containing only a single object, instead of a list of objects
         should return errors.
         """
-        data = {
-            'id': 0,
-            'title': 'The electric kool-aid acid test',
-            'author': 'Tom Wolfe'
-        }
-        serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
-        assert serializer.is_valid() is False
-
-        expected_errors = {'non_field_errors': ['Expected a list of items but got type "dict".']}
-
-        assert serializer.errors == expected_errors
+    data = {    'id': 0,    'title': 'The electric kool-aid acid test',    'author': 'Tom Wolfe'    }
+    serializer = self.BookSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+    assert serializer.is_valid() is False
+    expected_errors = {'non_field_errors': ['Expected a list of items but got type "dict".']}
+    assert serializer.errors == expected_errors