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docs/tutorial/quickstart.md
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# Quickstart # Quickstart
We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system. We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the
users and groups in the system.
## Requirements
* [Python][python]
* [pip][pip] - a tool for installing Python packages
* [virtualenv][virtualenv] - a tool to create isolated Python environments
## Project setup ## Project setup
Create a new Django project named `tutorial`, then start a new app called `quickstart`. ### Create a new Django project named `tutorial`, then start a new app called `quickstart`.
# Create the project directory Create the project directory
mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial
# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally ```text
virtualenv env mkdir tutorial
source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate` cd tutorial
```
# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
# Set up a new project with a single application ```text
django-admin.py startproject tutorial . # Note the trailing '.' character virtualenv env
cd tutorial source env/bin/activate # On Linux or OS X
django-admin.py startapp quickstart source env\Scripts\activate # On Windows
cd .. ```
Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
```text
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
```
Set up a new project with a single application
```text
django-admin.py startproject tutorial . # Note the trailing '.' character
cd tutorial
django-admin.py startapp quickstart
cd ..
```
### Database
Now sync your database for the first time: Now sync your database for the first time:
python manage.py migrate ```text
python manage.py migrate
```
We'll also create an initial user named `admin` with a password of `password123`. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example. We'll also create an initial user named `admin` with a password of
`password123`. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.
python manage.py createsuperuser ```text
python manage.py createsuperuser
```
Once you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding... Once you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up
the app's directory and we'll get coding...
## Serializers ## Serializers
First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named `tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py` that we'll use for our data representations. First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named
`tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py` that we'll use for our data
representations.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group ```python
from rest_framework import serializers from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta: class Meta:
model = User model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups') fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta: class Meta:
model = Group model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name') fields = ('url', 'name')
```
Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with `HyperlinkedModelSerializer`. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design. Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with
`HyperlinkedModelSerializer`. You can also use primary key and various other
relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.
## Views ## Views
Right, we'd better write some views then. Open `tutorial/quickstart/views.py` and get typing. Right, we'd better write some views then. Open `tutorial/quickstart/views.py`
and get typing.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group ```python
from rest_framework import viewsets from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
""" """
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited. API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
""" """
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined') queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
""" """
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited. API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
""" """
queryset = Group.objects.all() queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer serializer_class = GroupSerializer
```
Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called `ViewSets`. Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior
into classes called `ViewSets`.
We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise. We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using
viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.
## URLs ## URLs
Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to `tutorial/urls.py`... Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to `tutorial/urls.py`...
from django.conf.urls import url, include ```python
from rest_framework import routers from django.conf.urls import url, include
from tutorial.quickstart import views from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter() router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet) router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet) router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing. # Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API. # Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [ urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)), url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
] ]
```
Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class. Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the
URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.
Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class-based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly. Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to
using regular class-based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.
Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API. Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the
browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication
and you want to use the browsable API.
## Settings ## Settings
We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in `tutorial/settings.py` We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination,
and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module
will be in `tutorial/settings.py`
INSTALLED_APPS = ( ```python
... INSTALLED_APPS = (
'rest_framework', ...
) 'rest_framework',
)
REST_FRAMEWORK = { REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',), 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
'PAGE_SIZE': 10 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser', # Note the trailing ',' character, this needs to be a tuple
} ),
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}
```
Okay, we're done. Okay, we're done.
@ -128,72 +181,92 @@ Okay, we're done.
## Testing our API ## Testing our API
We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line. We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the
command line.
python manage.py runserver python manage.py runserver
We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like `curl`... We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like
`curl`...
bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ ```bash
{ curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
"count": 2, ```
"next": null,
"previous": null, ```json
"results": [ {
{ "count": 2,
"email": "admin@example.com", "next": null,
"groups": [], "previous": null,
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/", "results": [
"username": "admin" {
}, "email": "admin@example.com",
{ "groups": [],
"email": "tom@example.com", "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
"groups": [ ], "username": "admin"
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/", },
"username": "tom" {
} "email": "tom@example.com",
] "groups": [ ],
} "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
```
Or using the [httpie][httpie], command line tool... Or using the [httpie][httpie], command line tool...
bash: http -a admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ ```bash
http -a admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK ```text
... HTTP/1.1 200 OK
{ ...
"count": 2, ```
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
"username": "paul"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
```json
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
"username": "paul"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
```
Or directly through the browser, by going to the URL `http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/`... Or directly through the browser, by going to the URL
`http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/`...
![Quick start image][image] ![Quick start image][image]
If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in the top right corner. If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in
the top right corner.
Great, that was easy! Great, that was easy!
If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to [the tutorial][tutorial], or start browsing the [API guide][guide]. If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits
together head on over to [the tutorial][tutorial], or start browsing the [API
guide][guide].
[readme-example-api]: ../#example [readme-example-api]: ../#example
[image]: ../img/quickstart.png [image]: ../img/quickstart.png
[tutorial]: 1-serialization.md [tutorial]: 1-serialization.md
[guide]: ../#api-guide [guide]: ../#api-guide
[httpie]: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation [httpie]: https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation
[python]: https://www.python.org/downloads/
[pip]: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/
[virtualenv]: https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/