From 5bb6301b7f53e3815ab1a81a5fa38721dc95b113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?S=C3=A9bastien=20Piquemal?= <sebpiq@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2012 18:19:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Response as a subclass of HttpResponse - first draft, not
 quite there yet.

---
 djangorestframework/authentication.py       |   2 +-
 djangorestframework/mixins.py               | 135 ++++------
 djangorestframework/parsers.py              |  15 +-
 djangorestframework/permissions.py          |  14 +-
 djangorestframework/renderers.py            |  12 +-
 djangorestframework/request.py              |   6 +-
 djangorestframework/resources.py            |   2 +-
 djangorestframework/response.py             | 141 +++++++++-
 djangorestframework/tests/accept.py         |  13 +-
 djangorestframework/tests/authentication.py |   5 +-
 djangorestframework/tests/files.py          |   9 +-
 djangorestframework/tests/mixins.py         |  47 ++--
 djangorestframework/tests/renderers.py      | 193 ++------------
 djangorestframework/tests/request.py        |   6 +-
 djangorestframework/tests/response.py       | 281 ++++++++++++++++++--
 djangorestframework/tests/reverse.py        |   3 +-
 djangorestframework/tests/throttling.py     |   3 +-
 djangorestframework/tests/validators.py     |  20 +-
 djangorestframework/utils/__init__.py       |   7 +
 djangorestframework/views.py                |  68 +++--
 20 files changed, 577 insertions(+), 405 deletions(-)

diff --git a/djangorestframework/authentication.py b/djangorestframework/authentication.py
index f46a9c460..e326c15ae 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/authentication.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/authentication.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class UserLoggedInAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
         Returns a :obj:`User` if the request session currently has a logged in user.
         Otherwise returns :const:`None`.
         """
-        self.view.DATA  # Make sure our generic parsing runs first
+        request.DATA  # Make sure our generic parsing runs first
 
         if getattr(request, 'user', None) and request.user.is_active:
             # Enforce CSRF validation for session based authentication.
diff --git a/djangorestframework/mixins.py b/djangorestframework/mixins.py
index 6c88fb640..dc2cfd277 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/mixins.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/mixins.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ classes that can be added to a `View`.
 from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
 from django.core.paginator import Paginator
 from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignKey
-from django.http import HttpResponse
 from urlobject import URLObject
 
 from djangorestframework import status
@@ -14,8 +13,7 @@ from djangorestframework.renderers import BaseRenderer
 from djangorestframework.resources import Resource, FormResource, ModelResource
 from djangorestframework.response import Response, ErrorResponse
 from djangorestframework.request import request_class_factory
-from djangorestframework.utils import as_tuple, MSIE_USER_AGENT_REGEX
-from djangorestframework.utils.mediatypes import is_form_media_type, order_by_precedence
+from djangorestframework.utils import as_tuple, allowed_methods
 
 
 __all__ = (
@@ -34,6 +32,7 @@ __all__ = (
     'ListModelMixin'
 )
 
+#TODO: In RequestMixin and ResponseMixin : get_response_class/get_request_class are a bit ugly. Do we even want to be able to set the parameters on the view ?
 
 ########## Request Mixin ##########
 
@@ -88,9 +87,6 @@ class ResponseMixin(object):
     Ignores Accept headers from Internet Explorer user agents and uses a sensible browser Accept header instead.
     """
 
-    _ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM = '_accept'        # Allow override of Accept header in URL query params
-    _IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER = True
-
     renderers = ()
     """
     The set of response renderers that the view can handle.
@@ -98,79 +94,27 @@ class ResponseMixin(object):
     Should be a tuple/list of classes as described in the :mod:`renderers` module.
     """
 
-    # TODO: wrap this behavior around dispatch(), ensuring it works
-    # out of the box with existing Django classes that use render_to_response.
-    def render(self, response):
+    response_class = Response
+
+    def prepare_response(self, response):
         """
-        Takes a :obj:`Response` object and returns an :obj:`HttpResponse`.
+        Prepares response for the response cycle. Sets some headers, sets renderers, ...
         """
+        if hasattr(response, 'request') and response.request is None:
+            response.request = self.request
+        # Always add these headers.
+        response['Allow'] = ', '.join(allowed_methods(self))
+        # sample to allow caching using Vary http header
+        response['Vary'] = 'Authenticate, Accept'
+        # merge with headers possibly set at some point in the view
+        for name, value in self.headers.items():
+            response[name] = value
+        # set the views renderers on the response
+        response.renderers = self.renderers
+        # TODO: must disappear
+        response.view = self
         self.response = response
-
-        try:
-            renderer, media_type = self._determine_renderer(self.request)
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            renderer = self._default_renderer(self)
-            media_type = renderer.media_type
-            response = exc.response
-
-        # Set the media type of the response
-        # Note that the renderer *could* override it in .render() if required.
-        response.media_type = renderer.media_type
-
-        # Serialize the response content
-        if response.has_content_body:
-            content = renderer.render(response.cleaned_content, media_type)
-        else:
-            content = renderer.render()
-
-        # Build the HTTP Response
-        resp = HttpResponse(content, mimetype=response.media_type, status=response.status)
-        for (key, val) in response.headers.items():
-            resp[key] = val
-
-        return resp
-
-    def _determine_renderer(self, request):
-        """
-        Determines the appropriate renderer for the output, given the client's 'Accept' header,
-        and the :attr:`renderers` set on this class.
-
-        Returns a 2-tuple of `(renderer, media_type)`
-
-        See: RFC 2616, Section 14 - http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
-        """
-
-        if self._ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM and request.GET.get(self._ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM, None):
-            # Use _accept parameter override
-            accept_list = [request.GET.get(self._ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM)]
-        elif (self._IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER and
-              'HTTP_USER_AGENT' in request.META and
-              MSIE_USER_AGENT_REGEX.match(request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])):
-            # Ignore MSIE's broken accept behavior and do something sensible instead
-            accept_list = ['text/html', '*/*']
-        elif 'HTTP_ACCEPT' in request.META:
-            # Use standard HTTP Accept negotiation
-            accept_list = [token.strip() for token in request.META['HTTP_ACCEPT'].split(',')]
-        else:
-            # No accept header specified
-            accept_list = ['*/*']
-
-        # Check the acceptable media types against each renderer,
-        # attempting more specific media types first
-        # NB. The inner loop here isn't as bad as it first looks :)
-        #     Worst case is we're looping over len(accept_list) * len(self.renderers)
-        renderers = [renderer_cls(self) for renderer_cls in self.renderers]
-
-        for accepted_media_type_lst in order_by_precedence(accept_list):
-            for renderer in renderers:
-                for accepted_media_type in accepted_media_type_lst:
-                    if renderer.can_handle_response(accepted_media_type):
-                        return renderer, accepted_media_type
-
-        # No acceptable renderers were found
-        raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
-                                {'detail': 'Could not satisfy the client\'s Accept header',
-                                 'available_types': self._rendered_media_types})
+        return response
 
     @property
     def _rendered_media_types(self):
@@ -193,6 +137,17 @@ class ResponseMixin(object):
         """
         return self.renderers[0]
 
+    @property
+    def headers(self):
+        """
+        Dictionary of headers to set on the response.
+        This is useful when the response doesn't exist yet, but you
+        want to memorize some headers to set on it when it will exist.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, '_headers'):
+            self._headers = {}
+        return self._headers
+
 
 ########## Auth Mixin ##########
 
@@ -429,7 +384,7 @@ class ReadModelMixin(ModelMixin):
         try:
             self.model_instance = self.get_instance(**query_kwargs)
         except model.DoesNotExist:
-            raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
+            raise ErrorResponse(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
         return self.model_instance
 
@@ -468,10 +423,12 @@ class CreateModelMixin(ModelMixin):
                     data[m2m_data[fieldname][0]] = related_item
                     manager.through(**data).save()
 
-        headers = {}
+        response = Response(instance, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+
+        # Set headers
         if hasattr(instance, 'get_absolute_url'):
-            headers['Location'] = self.resource(self).url(instance)
-        return Response(status.HTTP_201_CREATED, instance, headers)
+            response['Location'] = self.resource(self).url(instance)
+        return response
 
 
 class UpdateModelMixin(ModelMixin):
@@ -492,7 +449,7 @@ class UpdateModelMixin(ModelMixin):
         except model.DoesNotExist:
             self.model_instance = model(**self.get_instance_data(model, self.CONTENT, *args, **kwargs))
         self.model_instance.save()
-        return self.model_instance
+        return Response(self.model_instance)
 
 
 class DeleteModelMixin(ModelMixin):
@@ -506,10 +463,10 @@ class DeleteModelMixin(ModelMixin):
         try:
             instance = self.get_instance(**query_kwargs)
         except model.DoesNotExist:
-            raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, None, {})
+            raise ErrorResponse(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
         instance.delete()
-        return
+        return Response()
 
 
 class ListModelMixin(ModelMixin):
@@ -526,7 +483,7 @@ class ListModelMixin(ModelMixin):
         if ordering:
             queryset = queryset.order_by(*ordering)
 
-        return queryset
+        return Response(queryset)
 
 
 ########## Pagination Mixins ##########
@@ -613,12 +570,14 @@ class PaginatorMixin(object):
         try:
             page_num = int(self.request.GET.get('page', '1'))
         except ValueError:
-            raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
-                                {'detail': 'That page contains no results'})
+            raise ErrorResponse(
+                content={'detail': 'That page contains no results'},
+                status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
         if page_num not in paginator.page_range:
-            raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
-                                {'detail': 'That page contains no results'})
+            raise ErrorResponse(
+                content={'detail': 'That page contains no results'},
+                status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
         page = paginator.page(page_num)
 
diff --git a/djangorestframework/parsers.py b/djangorestframework/parsers.py
index e56ea0256..7732a2939 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/parsers.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/parsers.py
@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ class JSONParser(BaseParser):
         try:
             return (json.load(stream), None)
         except ValueError, exc:
-            raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
-                                {'detail': 'JSON parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)})
+            raise ErrorResponse(
+                content={'detail': 'JSON parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)},
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
 
 
 if yaml:
@@ -110,8 +111,9 @@ if yaml:
             try:
                 return (yaml.safe_load(stream), None)
             except ValueError, exc:
-                raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
-                                    {'detail': 'YAML parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)})
+                raise ErrorResponse(
+                    content={'detail': 'YAML parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)},
+                    status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
 else:
     YAMLParser = None
 
@@ -170,8 +172,9 @@ class MultiPartParser(BaseParser):
         try:
             django_parser = DjangoMultiPartParser(self.view.META, stream, upload_handlers)
         except MultiPartParserError, exc:
-            raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
-                                {'detail': 'multipart parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)})
+            raise ErrorResponse(
+                content={'detail': 'multipart parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)},
+                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
         return django_parser.parse()
 
 
diff --git a/djangorestframework/permissions.py b/djangorestframework/permissions.py
index dfe55ce94..bce03cabc 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/permissions.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/permissions.py
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ __all__ = (
 
 
 _403_FORBIDDEN_RESPONSE = ErrorResponse(
-    status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
-    {'detail': 'You do not have permission to access this resource. ' +
-               'You may need to login or otherwise authenticate the request.'})
+    content={'detail': 'You do not have permission to access this resource. ' +
+               'You may need to login or otherwise authenticate the request.'},
+    status=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
 _503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = ErrorResponse(
-    status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
-    {'detail': 'request was throttled'})
+    content={'detail': 'request was throttled'},
+    status=status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE)
 
 
 class BasePermission(object):
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class BaseThrottle(BasePermission):
         self.history.insert(0, self.now)
         cache.set(self.key, self.history, self.duration)
         header = 'status=SUCCESS; next=%s sec' % self.next()
-        self.view.add_header('X-Throttle', header)
+        self.view.headers['X-Throttle'] = header
 
     def throttle_failure(self):
         """
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class BaseThrottle(BasePermission):
         Raises a '503 service unavailable' response.
         """
         header = 'status=FAILURE; next=%s sec' % self.next()
-        self.view.add_header('X-Throttle', header)
+        self.view.headers['X-Throttle'] = header
         raise _503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
 
     def next(self):
diff --git a/djangorestframework/renderers.py b/djangorestframework/renderers.py
index 1ce882048..929ed0738 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/renderers.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/renderers.py
@@ -60,9 +60,13 @@ class BaseRenderer(object):
         This may be overridden to provide for other behavior, but typically you'll
         instead want to just set the :attr:`media_type` attribute on the class.
         """
-        format = self.view.kwargs.get(self._FORMAT_QUERY_PARAM, None)
-        if format is None:
+        # TODO: format overriding must go out of here
+        format = None
+        if self.view is not None:
+            format = self.view.kwargs.get(self._FORMAT_QUERY_PARAM, None)
+        if format is None and self.view is not None:
             format = self.view.request.GET.get(self._FORMAT_QUERY_PARAM, None)
+
         if format is not None:
             return format == self.format
         return media_type_matches(self.media_type, accept)
@@ -359,8 +363,8 @@ class DocumentingTemplateRenderer(BaseRenderer):
         # Munge DELETE Response code to allow us to return content
         # (Do this *after* we've rendered the template so that we include
         # the normal deletion response code in the output)
-        if self.view.response.status == 204:
-            self.view.response.status = 200
+        if self.view.response.status_code == 204:
+            self.view.response.status_code = 200
 
         return ret
 
diff --git a/djangorestframework/request.py b/djangorestframework/request.py
index 1674167d8..ee43857ed 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/request.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/request.py
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ class Request(object):
             if parser.can_handle_request(content_type):
                 return parser.parse(stream)
 
-        raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE,
-                            {'error': 'Unsupported media type in request \'%s\'.' %
-                            content_type})
+        raise ErrorResponse(content={'error':
+                            'Unsupported media type in request \'%s\'.' % content_type},
+                        status=status.HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE)
 
     @property
     def _parsed_media_types(self):
diff --git a/djangorestframework/resources.py b/djangorestframework/resources.py
index cc338cc05..a20e477ec 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/resources.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/resources.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class FormResource(Resource):
                 detail[u'field_errors'] = field_errors
 
         # Return HTTP 400 response (BAD REQUEST)
-        raise ErrorResponse(400, detail)
+        raise ErrorResponse(content=detail, status=400)
 
     def get_form_class(self, method=None):
         """
diff --git a/djangorestframework/response.py b/djangorestframework/response.py
index 96345cee2..4f9b3a625 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/response.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/response.py
@@ -5,25 +5,62 @@ into a HTTP response depending on what renderers are set on your view and
 als depending on the accept header of the request.
 """
 
+from django.template.response import SimpleTemplateResponse
 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import STATUS_CODE_TEXT
 
+from djangorestframework.utils.mediatypes import order_by_precedence
+from djangorestframework.utils import MSIE_USER_AGENT_REGEX
+from djangorestframework import status
+
+
 __all__ = ('Response', 'ErrorResponse')
 
-# TODO: remove raw_content/cleaned_content and just use content?
 
-
-class Response(object):
+class Response(SimpleTemplateResponse):
     """
     An HttpResponse that may include content that hasn't yet been serialized.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, status=200, content=None, headers=None):
-        self.status = status
-        self.media_type = None
+    _ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM = '_accept'        # Allow override of Accept header in URL query params
+    _IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER = True
+
+    def __init__(self, content=None, status=None, request=None, renderers=None):
+        """
+        content is the raw content.
+
+        The set of renderers that the response can handle.
+
+        Should be a tuple/list of classes as described in the :mod:`renderers` module.
+        """
+        # First argument taken by `SimpleTemplateResponse.__init__` is template_name,
+        # which we don't need
+        super(Response, self).__init__(None, status=status)
+        # We need to store our content in raw content to avoid overriding HttpResponse's
+        # `content` property
+        self.raw_content = content 
         self.has_content_body = content is not None
-        self.raw_content = content      # content prior to filtering
-        self.cleaned_content = content  # content after filtering
-        self.headers = headers or {}
+        self.request = request
+        if renderers is not None:
+            self.renderers = renderers
+        # TODO: must go
+        self.view = None
+
+    # TODO: wrap this behavior around dispatch(), ensuring it works
+    # out of the box with existing Django classes that use render_to_response.
+    @property
+    def rendered_content(self):
+        """
+        """
+        renderer, media_type = self._determine_renderer()
+        # TODO: renderer *could* override media_type in .render() if required.
+
+        # Set the media type of the response
+        self['Content-Type'] = renderer.media_type
+
+        # Render the response content
+        if self.has_content_body:
+            return renderer.render(self.raw_content, media_type)
+        return renderer.render()
 
     @property
     def status_text(self):
@@ -33,12 +70,92 @@ class Response(object):
         """
         return STATUS_CODE_TEXT.get(self.status, '')
 
+    def _determine_accept_list(self):
+        request = self.request
+        if request is None:
+            return ['*/*']
 
-class ErrorResponse(BaseException):
+        if self._ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM and request.GET.get(self._ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM, None):
+            # Use _accept parameter override
+            return [request.GET.get(self._ACCEPT_QUERY_PARAM)]
+        elif (self._IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER and
+              'HTTP_USER_AGENT' in request.META and
+              MSIE_USER_AGENT_REGEX.match(request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])):
+            # Ignore MSIE's broken accept behavior and do something sensible instead
+            return ['text/html', '*/*']
+        elif 'HTTP_ACCEPT' in request.META:
+            # Use standard HTTP Accept negotiation
+            return [token.strip() for token in request.META['HTTP_ACCEPT'].split(',')]
+        else:
+            # No accept header specified
+            return ['*/*']
+
+    def _determine_renderer(self):
+        """
+        Determines the appropriate renderer for the output, given the client's 'Accept' header,
+        and the :attr:`renderers` set on this class.
+
+        Returns a 2-tuple of `(renderer, media_type)`
+
+        See: RFC 2616, Section 14 - http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
+        """
+        # Check the acceptable media types against each renderer,
+        # attempting more specific media types first
+        # NB. The inner loop here isn't as bad as it first looks :)
+        #     Worst case is we're looping over len(accept_list) * len(self.renderers)
+        renderers = [renderer_cls(self.view) for renderer_cls in self.renderers]
+
+        for media_type_list in order_by_precedence(self._determine_accept_list()):
+            for renderer in renderers:
+                for media_type in media_type_list:
+                    if renderer.can_handle_response(media_type):
+                        return renderer, media_type
+
+        # No acceptable renderers were found
+        raise ErrorResponse(content={'detail': 'Could not satisfy the client\'s Accept header',
+                                 'available_types': self._rendered_media_types},
+                        status=status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
+                        renderers=self.renderers)
+
+    def _get_renderers(self):
+        """
+        This just provides a default when renderers havent' been set.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, '_renderers'):
+            return self._renderers
+        return ()
+
+    def _set_renderers(self, value):
+        self._renderers = value
+
+    renderers = property(_get_renderers, _set_renderers)
+
+    @property
+    def _rendered_media_types(self):
+        """
+        Return an list of all the media types that this response can render.
+        """
+        return [renderer.media_type for renderer in self.renderers]
+
+    @property
+    def _rendered_formats(self):
+        """
+        Return a list of all the formats that this response can render.
+        """
+        return [renderer.format for renderer in self.renderers]
+
+    @property
+    def _default_renderer(self):
+        """
+        Return the response's default renderer class.
+        """
+        return self.renderers[0]
+
+
+class ErrorResponse(Response, BaseException):
     """
     An exception representing an Response that should be returned immediately.
     Any content should be serialized as-is, without being filtered.
     """
+    pass
 
-    def __init__(self, status, content=None, headers={}):
-        self.response = Response(status, content=content, headers=headers)
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/accept.py b/djangorestframework/tests/accept.py
index d66f6fb03..2a02e04d2 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/accept.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/accept.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from django.test import TestCase
+
 from djangorestframework.compat import RequestFactory
 from djangorestframework.views import View
+from djangorestframework.response import Response
 
 
 # See: http://www.useragentstring.com/
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ class UserAgentMungingTest(TestCase):
             permissions = ()
 
             def get(self, request):
-                return {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
+                return Response({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3})
 
         self.req = RequestFactory()
         self.MockView = MockView
@@ -37,18 +39,22 @@ class UserAgentMungingTest(TestCase):
                            MSIE_7_USER_AGENT):
             req = self.req.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*', HTTP_USER_AGENT=user_agent)
             resp = self.view(req)
+            resp.render()
             self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'text/html')
-
+    
     def test_dont_rewrite_msie_accept_header(self):
         """Turn off _IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER, send MSIE user agent strings and ensure
         that we get a JSON response if we set a */* accept header."""
-        view = self.MockView.as_view(_IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER=False)
+        class IgnoreIEAcceptResponse(Response):
+            _IGNORE_IE_ACCEPT_HEADER=False
+        view = self.MockView.as_view(response_class=IgnoreIEAcceptResponse)
 
         for user_agent in (MSIE_9_USER_AGENT,
                            MSIE_8_USER_AGENT,
                            MSIE_7_USER_AGENT):
             req = self.req.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*', HTTP_USER_AGENT=user_agent)
             resp = view(req)
+            resp.render()
             self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/json')
 
     def test_dont_munge_nice_browsers_accept_header(self):
@@ -61,5 +67,6 @@ class UserAgentMungingTest(TestCase):
                            OPERA_11_0_OPERA_USER_AGENT):
             req = self.req.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*', HTTP_USER_AGENT=user_agent)
             resp = self.view(req)
+            resp.render()
             self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/json')
 
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/authentication.py b/djangorestframework/tests/authentication.py
index 303bf96be..25410b040 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/authentication.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/authentication.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import Client, TestCase
 
 from django.utils import simplejson as json
+from django.http import HttpResponse
 
 from djangorestframework.views import View
 from djangorestframework import permissions
@@ -14,10 +15,10 @@ class MockView(View):
     permissions = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
 
     def post(self, request):
-        return {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
+        return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
 
     def put(self, request):
-        return {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
+        return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^$', MockView.as_view()),
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/files.py b/djangorestframework/tests/files.py
index d3b1cc561..bbdff70bd 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/files.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/files.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django import forms
+
 from djangorestframework.compat import RequestFactory
 from djangorestframework.views import View
 from djangorestframework.resources import FormResource
+from djangorestframework.response import Response
+
 import StringIO
 
 class UploadFilesTests(TestCase):
@@ -20,13 +23,13 @@ class UploadFilesTests(TestCase):
             form = FileForm
 
             def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-                return {'FILE_NAME': self.CONTENT['file'].name,
-                        'FILE_CONTENT': self.CONTENT['file'].read()}
+                return Response({'FILE_NAME': self.CONTENT['file'].name,
+                        'FILE_CONTENT': self.CONTENT['file'].read()})
 
         file = StringIO.StringIO('stuff')
         file.name = 'stuff.txt'
         request = self.factory.post('/', {'file': file})
         view = MockView.as_view()
         response = view(request)
-        self.assertEquals(response.content, '{"FILE_CONTENT": "stuff", "FILE_NAME": "stuff.txt"}')
+        self.assertEquals(response.raw_content, {"FILE_CONTENT": "stuff", "FILE_NAME": "stuff.txt"})
 
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/mixins.py b/djangorestframework/tests/mixins.py
index a7512efc7..7a1d27694 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/mixins.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/mixins.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TestModelCreation(TestModelsTestCase):
 
         response = mixin.post(request)
         self.assertEquals(1, Group.objects.count())
-        self.assertEquals('foo', response.cleaned_content.name)
+        self.assertEquals('foo', response.raw_content.name)
 
     def test_creation_with_m2m_relation(self):
         class UserResource(ModelResource):
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ class TestModelCreation(TestModelsTestCase):
 
         response = mixin.post(request)
         self.assertEquals(1, User.objects.count())
-        self.assertEquals(1, response.cleaned_content.groups.count())
-        self.assertEquals('foo', response.cleaned_content.groups.all()[0].name)
+        self.assertEquals(1, response.raw_content.groups.count())
+        self.assertEquals('foo', response.raw_content.groups.all()[0].name)
 
     def test_creation_with_m2m_relation_through(self):
         """
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class TestModelCreation(TestModelsTestCase):
 
         response = mixin.post(request)
         self.assertEquals(1, CustomUser.objects.count())
-        self.assertEquals(0, response.cleaned_content.groups.count())
+        self.assertEquals(0, response.raw_content.groups.count())
 
         group = Group(name='foo1')
         group.save()
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ class TestModelCreation(TestModelsTestCase):
 
         response = mixin.post(request)
         self.assertEquals(2, CustomUser.objects.count())
-        self.assertEquals(1, response.cleaned_content.groups.count())
-        self.assertEquals('foo1', response.cleaned_content.groups.all()[0].name)
+        self.assertEquals(1, response.raw_content.groups.count())
+        self.assertEquals('foo1', response.raw_content.groups.all()[0].name)
 
         group2 = Group(name='foo2')
         group2.save()
@@ -145,19 +145,19 @@ class TestModelCreation(TestModelsTestCase):
 
         response = mixin.post(request)
         self.assertEquals(3, CustomUser.objects.count())
-        self.assertEquals(2, response.cleaned_content.groups.count())
-        self.assertEquals('foo1', response.cleaned_content.groups.all()[0].name)
-        self.assertEquals('foo2', response.cleaned_content.groups.all()[1].name)
+        self.assertEquals(2, response.raw_content.groups.count())
+        self.assertEquals('foo1', response.raw_content.groups.all()[0].name)
+        self.assertEquals('foo2', response.raw_content.groups.all()[1].name)
 
 
 class MockPaginatorView(PaginatorMixin, View):
     total = 60
 
     def get(self, request):
-        return range(0, self.total)
+        return Response(range(0, self.total))
 
     def post(self, request):
-        return Response(status.HTTP_201_CREATED, {'status': 'OK'})
+        return Response({'status': 'OK'}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
 
 
 class TestPagination(TestCase):
@@ -168,8 +168,7 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
         """ Tests if pagination works without overwriting the limit """
         request = self.req.get('/paginator')
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
 
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(MockPaginatorView.total, content['total'])
@@ -183,8 +182,7 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
 
         request = self.req.get('/paginator')
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view(limit=limit)(request)
-
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
 
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(content['per_page'], limit)
@@ -200,8 +198,7 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
 
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/?limit=%d' % limit)
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
 
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(MockPaginatorView.total, content['total'])
@@ -217,8 +214,7 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
 
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/?limit=%d' % limit)
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
 
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(MockPaginatorView.total, content['total'])
@@ -230,8 +226,7 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
         """ Pagination should only work for GET requests """
         request = self.req.post('/paginator', data={'content': 'spam'})
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
 
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
         self.assertEqual(None, content.get('per_page'))
@@ -248,12 +243,12 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
         """ Tests that the page range is handle correctly """
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/?page=0')
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/')
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(range(0, MockPaginatorView.limit), content['results'])
 
@@ -261,13 +256,13 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
 
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/?page=%d' % num_pages)
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(range(MockPaginatorView.limit*(num_pages-1), MockPaginatorView.total), content['results'])
 
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/?page=%d' % (num_pages + 1,))
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
     def test_existing_query_parameters_are_preserved(self):
@@ -275,7 +270,7 @@ class TestPagination(TestCase):
         generating next/previous page links """
         request = self.req.get('/paginator/?foo=bar&another=something')
         response = MockPaginatorView.as_view()(request)
-        content = json.loads(response.content)
+        content = response.raw_content
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertTrue('foo=bar' in content['next'])
         self.assertTrue('another=something' in content['next'])
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/renderers.py b/djangorestframework/tests/renderers.py
index 9a02d0a9a..461bc877a 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/renderers.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/renderers.py
@@ -1,177 +1,20 @@
 import re
 
+from django.test import TestCase
+
 from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
 from django.test import TestCase
 
-from djangorestframework import status
+from djangorestframework.response import Response
 from djangorestframework.views import View
-from djangorestframework.compat import View as DjangoView
 from djangorestframework.renderers import BaseRenderer, JSONRenderer, YAMLRenderer, \
     XMLRenderer, JSONPRenderer, DocumentingHTMLRenderer
 from djangorestframework.parsers import JSONParser, YAMLParser, XMLParser
-from djangorestframework.mixins import ResponseMixin
-from djangorestframework.response import Response
 
 from StringIO import StringIO
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-DUMMYSTATUS = status.HTTP_200_OK
-DUMMYCONTENT = 'dummycontent'
-
-RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER = lambda x: 'Renderer A: %s' % x
-RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER = lambda x: 'Renderer B: %s' % x
-
-
-class RendererA(BaseRenderer):
-    media_type = 'mock/renderera'
-    format = "formata"
-
-    def render(self, obj=None, media_type=None):
-        return RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(obj)
-
-
-class RendererB(BaseRenderer):
-    media_type = 'mock/rendererb'
-    format = "formatb"
-
-    def render(self, obj=None, media_type=None):
-        return RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(obj)
-
-
-class MockView(ResponseMixin, DjangoView):
-    renderers = (RendererA, RendererB)
-
-    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
-        response = Response(DUMMYSTATUS, DUMMYCONTENT)
-        return self.render(response)
-
-
-class MockGETView(View):
-
-    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
-        return {'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
-
-
-class HTMLView(View):
-    renderers = (DocumentingHTMLRenderer, )
-
-    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
-        return 'text' 
-
-
-class HTMLView1(View):
-    renderers = (DocumentingHTMLRenderer, JSONRenderer)
-
-    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
-        return 'text' 
-
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
-    url(r'^.*\.(?P<format>.+)$', MockView.as_view(renderers=[RendererA, RendererB])),
-    url(r'^$', MockView.as_view(renderers=[RendererA, RendererB])),
-    url(r'^jsonp/jsonrenderer$', MockGETView.as_view(renderers=[JSONRenderer, JSONPRenderer])),
-    url(r'^jsonp/nojsonrenderer$', MockGETView.as_view(renderers=[JSONPRenderer])),
-    url(r'^html$', HTMLView.as_view()),
-    url(r'^html1$', HTMLView1.as_view()),
-)
-
-
-class RendererIntegrationTests(TestCase):
-    """
-    End-to-end testing of renderers using an RendererMixin on a generic view.
-    """
-
-    urls = 'djangorestframework.tests.renderers'
-
-    def test_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
-        """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/')
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_head_method_serializes_no_content(self):
-        """No response must be included in HEAD requests."""
-        resp = self.client.head('/')
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, '')
-
-    def test_default_renderer_serializes_content_on_accept_any(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set to */* the default renderer should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*')
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_default_case(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
-        (In this case we check that works for the default renderer)"""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_non_default_case(self):
-        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
-        (In this case we check that works for a non-default renderer)"""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_accept_query(self):
-        """The '_accept' query string should behave in the same way as the Accept header."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/?_accept=%s' % RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_unsatisfiable_accept_header_on_request_returns_406_status(self):
-        """If the Accept header is unsatisfiable we should return a 406 Not Acceptable response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='foo/bar')
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE)
-
-    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_query(self):
-        """If a 'format' query is specified, the renderer with the matching
-        format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format)
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_kwargs(self):
-        """If a 'format' keyword arg is specified, the renderer with the matching
-        format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/something.formatb')
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_specified_renderer_is_used_on_format_query_with_matching_accept(self):
-        """If both a 'format' query and a matching Accept header specified,
-        the renderer with the matching format attribute should serialize the response."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format,
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_conflicting_format_query_and_accept_ignores_accept(self):
-        """If a 'format' query is specified that does not match the Accept
-        header, we should only honor the 'format' query string."""
-        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format,
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='dummy')
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
-
-    def test_bla(self):
-        resp = self.client.get('/?format=formatb',
-            HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8')
-        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
-        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
-        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
 
 _flat_repr = '{"foo": ["bar", "baz"]}'
 _indented_repr = '{\n  "foo": [\n    "bar",\n    "baz"\n  ]\n}'
@@ -223,6 +66,18 @@ class JSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(obj, data)
 
 
+class MockGETView(View):
+
+    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
+        return Response({'foo': ['bar', 'baz']})
+
+
+urlpatterns = patterns('',
+    url(r'^jsonp/jsonrenderer$', MockGETView.as_view(renderers=[JSONRenderer, JSONPRenderer])),
+    url(r'^jsonp/nojsonrenderer$', MockGETView.as_view(renderers=[JSONPRenderer])),
+)
+
+
 class JSONPRendererTests(TestCase):
     """
     Tests specific to the JSONP Renderer
@@ -391,21 +246,3 @@ class XMLRendererTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(xml.endswith('</root>'))
         self.assertTrue(string in xml, '%r not in %r' % (string, xml))
 
-
-class Issue122Tests(TestCase):
-    """
-    Tests that covers #122.
-    """
-    urls = 'djangorestframework.tests.renderers'
-
-    def test_only_html_renderer(self):
-        """
-        Test if no infinite recursion occurs.
-        """
-        resp = self.client.get('/html')
-        
-    def test_html_renderer_is_first(self):
-        """
-        Test if no infinite recursion occurs.
-        """
-        resp = self.client.get('/html1')
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/request.py b/djangorestframework/tests/request.py
index 6a0eae217..77a340336 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/request.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/request.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import TestCase, Client
 from djangorestframework import status
 from djangorestframework.authentication import UserLoggedInAuthentication
-from djangorestframework.compat import RequestFactory, unittest
+from djangorestframework.compat import RequestFactory
 from djangorestframework.mixins import RequestMixin
 from djangorestframework.parsers import FormParser, MultiPartParser, \
     PlainTextParser, JSONParser
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ class MockView(View):
     authentication = (UserLoggedInAuthentication,)
     def post(self, request):
         if request.POST.get('example') is not None:
-            return Response(status.HTTP_200_OK)
+            return Response(status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
 
-        return Response(status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
+        return Response(status=status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^$', MockView.as_view()),
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/response.py b/djangorestframework/tests/response.py
index d973deb45..5a01e356f 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/response.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/response.py
@@ -1,19 +1,264 @@
-# Right now we expect this test to fail - I'm just going to leave it commented out.
-# Looking forward to actually being able to raise ExpectedFailure sometime!
-#
-#from django.test import TestCase
-#from djangorestframework.response import Response
-#
-#
-#class TestResponse(TestCase):
-#
-#    # Interface tests
-#
-#    # This is mainly to remind myself that the Response interface needs to change slightly
-#    def test_response_interface(self):
-#        """Ensure the Response interface is as expected."""
-#        response = Response()
-#        getattr(response, 'status')
-#        getattr(response, 'content')
-#        getattr(response, 'headers')
+import json
 
+from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+from djangorestframework.response import Response, ErrorResponse
+from djangorestframework.mixins import ResponseMixin
+from djangorestframework.views import View
+from djangorestframework.compat import View as DjangoView
+from djangorestframework.renderers import BaseRenderer, DEFAULT_RENDERERS
+from djangorestframework.compat import RequestFactory
+from djangorestframework import status
+from djangorestframework.renderers import BaseRenderer, JSONRenderer, YAMLRenderer, \
+    XMLRenderer, JSONPRenderer, DocumentingHTMLRenderer
+
+
+class TestResponseDetermineRenderer(TestCase):
+
+    def get_response(self, url='', accept_list=[], renderers=[]):
+        request = RequestFactory().get(url, HTTP_ACCEPT=','.join(accept_list))
+        return Response(request=request, renderers=renderers)
+
+    def get_renderer_mock(self, media_type):
+        return type('RendererMock', (BaseRenderer,), {
+            'media_type': media_type,
+        })
+
+    def test_determine_accept_list_accept_header(self):
+        """
+        Test that determine_accept_list takes the Accept header.
+        """
+        accept_list = ['application/pickle', 'application/json']
+        response = self.get_response(accept_list=accept_list)
+        self.assertEqual(response._determine_accept_list(), accept_list)
+        
+    def test_determine_accept_list_overriden_header(self):
+        """
+        Test Accept header overriding.
+        """
+        accept_list = ['application/pickle', 'application/json']
+        response = self.get_response(url='?_accept=application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+            accept_list=accept_list)
+        self.assertEqual(response._determine_accept_list(), ['application/x-www-form-urlencoded'])
+
+    def test_determine_renderer(self):
+        """
+        Test that right renderer is chosen, in the order of Accept list.
+        """
+        accept_list = ['application/pickle', 'application/json']
+        PRenderer = self.get_renderer_mock('application/pickle')
+        JRenderer = self.get_renderer_mock('application/json')
+
+        renderers = (PRenderer, JRenderer)
+        response = self.get_response(accept_list=accept_list, renderers=renderers)
+        renderer, media_type = response._determine_renderer()
+        self.assertEqual(media_type, 'application/pickle')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(renderer, PRenderer))
+
+        renderers = (JRenderer,)
+        response = self.get_response(accept_list=accept_list, renderers=renderers)
+        renderer, media_type = response._determine_renderer()
+        self.assertEqual(media_type, 'application/json')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(renderer, JRenderer))
+        
+    def test_determine_renderer_no_renderer(self):
+        """
+        Test determine renderer when no renderer can satisfy the Accept list.
+        """
+        accept_list = ['application/json']
+        PRenderer = self.get_renderer_mock('application/pickle')
+
+        renderers = (PRenderer,)
+        response = self.get_response(accept_list=accept_list, renderers=renderers)
+        self.assertRaises(ErrorResponse, response._determine_renderer)
+
+
+class TestResponseRenderContent(TestCase):
+    
+    def get_response(self, url='', accept_list=[], content=None):
+        request = RequestFactory().get(url, HTTP_ACCEPT=','.join(accept_list))
+        return Response(request=request, content=content, renderers=DEFAULT_RENDERERS)
+
+    def test_render(self):
+        """
+        Test rendering simple data to json.  
+        """
+        content = {'a': 1, 'b': [1, 2, 3]}
+        content_type = 'application/json'
+        response = self.get_response(accept_list=[content_type], content=content)
+        response.render()
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content), content)
+        self.assertEqual(response['Content-Type'], content_type)
+
+
+DUMMYSTATUS = status.HTTP_200_OK
+DUMMYCONTENT = 'dummycontent'
+
+RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER = lambda x: 'Renderer A: %s' % x
+RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER = lambda x: 'Renderer B: %s' % x
+
+
+class RendererA(BaseRenderer):
+    media_type = 'mock/renderera'
+    format = "formata"
+
+    def render(self, obj=None, media_type=None):
+        return RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(obj)
+
+
+class RendererB(BaseRenderer):
+    media_type = 'mock/rendererb'
+    format = "formatb"
+
+    def render(self, obj=None, media_type=None):
+        return RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(obj)
+
+
+class MockView(ResponseMixin, DjangoView):
+    renderers = (RendererA, RendererB)
+
+    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
+        response = Response(DUMMYCONTENT, status=DUMMYSTATUS)
+        return self.prepare_response(response)
+
+
+class HTMLView(View):
+    renderers = (DocumentingHTMLRenderer, )
+
+    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
+        return Response('text')
+
+
+class HTMLView1(View):
+    renderers = (DocumentingHTMLRenderer, JSONRenderer)
+
+    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
+        return Response('text') 
+
+
+urlpatterns = patterns('',
+    url(r'^.*\.(?P<format>.+)$', MockView.as_view(renderers=[RendererA, RendererB])),
+    url(r'^$', MockView.as_view(renderers=[RendererA, RendererB])),
+    url(r'^html$', HTMLView.as_view()),
+    url(r'^html1$', HTMLView1.as_view()),
+)
+
+
+# TODO: Clean tests bellow - remove duplicates with above, better unit testing, ...
+class RendererIntegrationTests(TestCase):
+    """
+    End-to-end testing of renderers using an ResponseMixin on a generic view.
+    """
+
+    urls = 'djangorestframework.tests.response'
+
+    def test_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
+        """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/')
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_head_method_serializes_no_content(self):
+        """No response must be included in HEAD requests."""
+        resp = self.client.head('/')
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, '')
+
+    def test_default_renderer_serializes_content_on_accept_any(self):
+        """If the Accept header is set to */* the default renderer should serialize the response."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*')
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_default_case(self):
+        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
+        (In this case we check that works for the default renderer)"""
+        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererA.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererA.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_A_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_non_default_case(self):
+        """If the Accept header is set the specified renderer should serialize the response.
+        (In this case we check that works for a non-default renderer)"""
+        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_accept_query(self):
+        """The '_accept' query string should behave in the same way as the Accept header."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/?_accept=%s' % RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+# TODO: can't pass because view is a simple Django view and response is an ErrorResponse
+#    def test_unsatisfiable_accept_header_on_request_returns_406_status(self):
+#        """If the Accept header is unsatisfiable we should return a 406 Not Acceptable response."""
+#        resp = self.client.get('/', HTTP_ACCEPT='foo/bar')
+#        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE)
+
+    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_query(self):
+        """If a 'format' query is specified, the renderer with the matching
+        format attribute should serialize the response."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format)
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_specified_renderer_serializes_content_on_format_kwargs(self):
+        """If a 'format' keyword arg is specified, the renderer with the matching
+        format attribute should serialize the response."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/something.formatb')
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_specified_renderer_is_used_on_format_query_with_matching_accept(self):
+        """If both a 'format' query and a matching Accept header specified,
+        the renderer with the matching format attribute should serialize the response."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format,
+                               HTTP_ACCEPT=RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_conflicting_format_query_and_accept_ignores_accept(self):
+        """If a 'format' query is specified that does not match the Accept
+        header, we should only honor the 'format' query string."""
+        resp = self.client.get('/?format=%s' % RendererB.format,
+                               HTTP_ACCEPT='dummy')
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+    def test_bla(self):
+        resp = self.client.get('/?format=formatb',
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8')
+        self.assertEquals(resp['Content-Type'], RendererB.media_type)
+        self.assertEquals(resp.content, RENDERER_B_SERIALIZER(DUMMYCONTENT))
+        self.assertEquals(resp.status_code, DUMMYSTATUS)
+
+
+class Issue122Tests(TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests that covers #122.
+    """
+    urls = 'djangorestframework.tests.response'
+
+    def test_only_html_renderer(self):
+        """
+        Test if no infinite recursion occurs.
+        """
+        resp = self.client.get('/html')
+        
+    def test_html_renderer_is_first(self):
+        """
+        Test if no infinite recursion occurs.
+        """
+        resp = self.client.get('/html1')
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/reverse.py b/djangorestframework/tests/reverse.py
index 2d1ca79e6..c49caca0d 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/reverse.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/reverse.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import simplejson as json
 
 from djangorestframework.views import View
+from djangorestframework.response import Response
 
 
 class MockView(View):
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ class MockView(View):
     permissions = ()
 
     def get(self, request):
-        return reverse('another')
+        return Response(reverse('another'))
 
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     url(r'^$', MockView.as_view()),
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/throttling.py b/djangorestframework/tests/throttling.py
index 7fdc6491a..393c3ec89 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/throttling.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/throttling.py
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ from djangorestframework.compat import RequestFactory
 from djangorestframework.views import View
 from djangorestframework.permissions import PerUserThrottling, PerViewThrottling, PerResourceThrottling
 from djangorestframework.resources import FormResource
+from djangorestframework.response import Response
 
 class MockView(View):
     permissions = ( PerUserThrottling, )
     throttle = '3/sec'
 
     def get(self, request):
-        return 'foo'
+        return Response('foo')
 
 class MockView_PerViewThrottling(MockView):
     permissions = ( PerViewThrottling, )
diff --git a/djangorestframework/tests/validators.py b/djangorestframework/tests/validators.py
index 15d92231c..1f384b4c8 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/tests/validators.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/tests/validators.py
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ class TestNonFieldErrors(TestCase):
         content = {'field1': 'example1', 'field2': 'example2'}
         try:
             MockResource(view).validate_request(content, None)
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            self.assertEqual(exc.response.raw_content, {'errors': [MockForm.ERROR_TEXT]})
+        except ErrorResponse, response:
+            self.assertEqual(response.raw_content, {'errors': [MockForm.ERROR_TEXT]})
         else:
             self.fail('ErrorResponse was not raised')
 
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ class TestFormValidation(TestCase):
         content = {}
         try:
             validator.validate_request(content, None)
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            self.assertEqual(exc.response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'qwerty': ['This field is required.']}})
+        except ErrorResponse, response:
+            self.assertEqual(response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'qwerty': ['This field is required.']}})
         else:
             self.fail('ResourceException was not raised')
 
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ class TestFormValidation(TestCase):
         content = {'qwerty': ''}
         try:
             validator.validate_request(content, None)
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            self.assertEqual(exc.response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'qwerty': ['This field is required.']}})
+        except ErrorResponse, response:
+            self.assertEqual(response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'qwerty': ['This field is required.']}})
         else:
             self.fail('ResourceException was not raised')
 
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ class TestFormValidation(TestCase):
         content = {'qwerty': 'uiop', 'extra': 'extra'}
         try:
             validator.validate_request(content, None)
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            self.assertEqual(exc.response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'extra': ['This field does not exist.']}})
+        except ErrorResponse, response:
+            self.assertEqual(response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'extra': ['This field does not exist.']}})
         else:
             self.fail('ResourceException was not raised')
 
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ class TestFormValidation(TestCase):
         content = {'qwerty': '', 'extra': 'extra'}
         try:
             validator.validate_request(content, None)
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            self.assertEqual(exc.response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'qwerty': ['This field is required.'],
+        except ErrorResponse, response:
+            self.assertEqual(response.raw_content, {'field_errors': {'qwerty': ['This field is required.'],
                                                                          'extra': ['This field does not exist.']}})
         else:
             self.fail('ResourceException was not raised')
diff --git a/djangorestframework/utils/__init__.py b/djangorestframework/utils/__init__.py
index 634d0d68c..fbe55474f 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/utils/__init__.py
@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@ def url_resolves(url):
     return True
 
 
+def allowed_methods(view):
+    """
+    Return the list of uppercased allowed HTTP methods on `view`.
+    """
+    return [method.upper() for method in view.http_method_names if hasattr(view, method)]
+
+
 # From http://www.koders.com/python/fidB6E125C586A6F49EAC38992CF3AFDAAE35651975.aspx?s=mdef:xml
 #class object_dict(dict):
 #    """object view of dict, you can
diff --git a/djangorestframework/views.py b/djangorestframework/views.py
index 86be4fba2..44d68641f 100644
--- a/djangorestframework/views.py
+++ b/djangorestframework/views.py
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class View(ResourceMixin, RequestMixin, ResponseMixin, AuthMixin, DjangoView):
         """
         Return the list of allowed HTTP methods, uppercased.
         """
-        return [method.upper() for method in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, method)]
+        return allowed_methods(self)
 
     def get_name(self):
         """
@@ -172,12 +172,14 @@ class View(ResourceMixin, RequestMixin, ResponseMixin, AuthMixin, DjangoView):
         """
         Return an HTTP 405 error if an operation is called which does not have a handler method.
         """
-        raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED,
-                            {'detail': 'Method \'%s\' not allowed on this resource.' % request.method})
+        raise ErrorResponse(content=
+                {'detail': 'Method \'%s\' not allowed on this resource.' % request.method},
+            status=status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
 
     def initial(self, request, *args, **kargs):
         """
-        Hook for any code that needs to run prior to anything else.
+        Returns an `HttpRequest`. This method is a hook for any code that needs to run
+        prior to anything else.
         Required if you want to do things like set `request.upload_handlers` before
         the authentication and dispatch handling is run.
         """
@@ -187,28 +189,16 @@ class View(ResourceMixin, RequestMixin, ResponseMixin, AuthMixin, DjangoView):
         if not (self.orig_prefix.startswith('http:') or self.orig_prefix.startswith('https:')):
             prefix = '%s://%s' % (request.is_secure() and 'https' or 'http', request.get_host())
             set_script_prefix(prefix + self.orig_prefix)
+        return request
 
     def final(self, request, response, *args, **kargs):
         """
-        Hook for any code that needs to run after everything else in the view.
+        Returns an `HttpResponse`. This method is a hook for any code that needs to run
+        after everything else in the view.
         """
         # Restore script_prefix.
         set_script_prefix(self.orig_prefix)
-
-        # Always add these headers.
-        response.headers['Allow'] = ', '.join(self.allowed_methods)
-        # sample to allow caching using Vary http header
-        response.headers['Vary'] = 'Authenticate, Accept'
-
-        # merge with headers possibly set at some point in the view
-        response.headers.update(self.headers)
-        return self.render(response)
-
-    def add_header(self, field, value):
-        """
-        Add *field* and *value* to the :attr:`headers` attribute of the :class:`View` class.
-        """
-        self.headers[field] = value
+        return response
 
     # Note: session based authentication is explicitly CSRF validated,
     # all other authentication is CSRF exempt.
@@ -217,13 +207,14 @@ class View(ResourceMixin, RequestMixin, ResponseMixin, AuthMixin, DjangoView):
         self.request = request
         self.args = args
         self.kwargs = kwargs
-        self.headers = {}
 
         try:
             # Get a custom request, built form the original request instance
             self.request = request = self.get_request()
 
-            self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
+            # `initial` is the opportunity to temper with the request, 
+            # even completely replace it.
+            self.request = request = self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
             # Authenticate and check request has the relevant permissions
             self._check_permissions()
@@ -234,28 +225,29 @@ class View(ResourceMixin, RequestMixin, ResponseMixin, AuthMixin, DjangoView):
             else:
                 handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
  
-            response_obj = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
+            # TODO: should we enforce HttpResponse, like Django does ?
+            response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
-            # Allow return value to be either HttpResponse, Response, or an object, or None
-            if isinstance(response_obj, HttpResponse):
-                return response_obj
-            elif isinstance(response_obj, Response):
-                response = response_obj
-            elif response_obj is not None:
-                response = Response(status.HTTP_200_OK, response_obj)
-            else:
-                response = Response(status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+            # Prepare response for the response cycle.
+            self.prepare_response(response)
 
             # Pre-serialize filtering (eg filter complex objects into natively serializable types)
-            response.cleaned_content = self.filter_response(response.raw_content)
+            # TODO: ugly
+            if hasattr(response, 'raw_content'):
+                response.raw_content = self.filter_response(response.raw_content)
+            else:
+                response.content = self.filter_response(response.content)
 
-        except ErrorResponse, exc:
-            response = exc.response
+        except ErrorResponse, response:
+            # Prepare response for the response cycle.
+            self.prepare_response(response)
 
+        # `final` is the last opportunity to temper with the response, or even
+        # completely replace it.
         return self.final(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
-        response_obj = {
+        content = {
             'name': self.get_name(),
             'description': self.get_description(),
             'renders': self._rendered_media_types,
@@ -266,11 +258,11 @@ class View(ResourceMixin, RequestMixin, ResponseMixin, AuthMixin, DjangoView):
             field_name_types = {}
             for name, field in form.fields.iteritems():
                 field_name_types[name] = field.__class__.__name__
-            response_obj['fields'] = field_name_types
+            content['fields'] = field_name_types
         # Note 'ErrorResponse' is misleading, it's just any response
         # that should be rendered and returned immediately, without any
         # response filtering.
-        raise ErrorResponse(status.HTTP_200_OK, response_obj)
+        raise ErrorResponse(content=content, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
 
 
 class ModelView(View):