diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml index dfb084961..0e177a95a 100644 --- a/.travis.yml +++ b/.travis.yml @@ -10,10 +10,8 @@ env: - DJANGO=django==1.3.3 --use-mirrors install: - - pip install $DJANGO - - pip install -e . --use-mirrors - - pip install -r requirements.txt --use-mirrors - - pip install coverage==3.5.1 --use-mirrors + - pip install $DJANGO + - export PYTHONPATH=. script: - - python setup.py test + - python rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index d8ffce944..4b2245cca 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -6,11 +6,23 @@ [![build-status-image]][travis] +--- + +**Full documentation for REST framework is available on [http://django-rest-framework.org][docs].** + +Note that this is the 2.0 version of REST framework. If you are looking for earlier versions please see the [0.4.x branch][0.4] on GitHub. + +--- + # Overview -This branch is the redesign of Django REST framework. It is a work in progress. +Django REST framework is a lightweight library that makes it easy to build Web APIs. It is designed as a modular and easy to customize architecture, based on Django's class based views. -For more information, check out [the documentation][docs], in particular, the tutorial is recommended as the best place to get an overview of the redesign. +Web APIs built using REST framework are fully self-describing and web browseable - a huge useability win for your developers. It also supports a wide range of media types, authentication and permission policies out of the box. + +If you are considering using REST framework for your API, we recommend reading the [REST framework 2 announcment][rest-framework-2-announcement] which gives a good overview of the framework and it's capabilities. + +There is also a sandbox API you can use for testing purposes, [available here][sandbox]. # Requirements @@ -24,21 +36,15 @@ For more information, check out [the documentation][docs], in particular, the tu # Installation -**Leaving these instructions in for the moment, they'll be valid once this becomes the master version** - Install using `pip`... - pip install rest_framework + pip install djangorestframework ...or clone the project from github. git clone git@github.com:tomchristie/django-rest-framework.git pip install -r requirements.txt -# Quickstart - -**TODO** - # Development To build the docs. @@ -82,9 +88,13 @@ OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. [build-status-image]: https://secure.travis-ci.org/tomchristie/django-rest-framework.png?branch=restframework2 -[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/tomchristie/django-rest-framework?branch=restframework2 +[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/tomchristie/django-rest-framework?branch=master [twitter]: https://twitter.com/_tomchristie -[docs]: http://tomchristie.github.com/django-rest-framework/ +[0.4]: https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/0.4.X +[sandbox]: http://restframework.herokuapp.com/ +[rest-framework-2-announcement]: topics/rest-framework-2-announcement.md + +[docs]: http://django-rest-framework.org/ [urlobject]: https://github.com/zacharyvoase/urlobject [markdown]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Markdown/ [pyyaml]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyYAML diff --git a/docs/api-guide/authentication.md b/docs/api-guide/authentication.md index ae21c66eb..3137b9d4c 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/authentication.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/authentication.md @@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ The value of `request.user` and `request.auth` for unauthenticated requests can ## Setting the authentication policy -The default authentication policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION` setting. For example. +The default authentication policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES` setting. For example. REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION': ( - 'rest_framework.authentication.UserBasicAuthentication', + 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ( + 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication', 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', ) } @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The default authentication policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_AUTHEN You can also set the authentication policy on a per-view basis, using the `APIView` class based views. class ExampleView(APIView): - authentication_classes = (SessionAuthentication, UserBasicAuthentication) + authentication_classes = (SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication) permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,) def get(self, request, format=None): @@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ You can also set the authentication policy on a per-view basis, using the `APIVi Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. - @api_view(('GET',)), - @authentication_classes((SessionAuthentication, UserBasicAuthentication)) + @api_view(['GET']) + @authentication_classes((SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication)) @permissions_classes((IsAuthenticated,)) def example_view(request, format=None): content = { @@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. } return Response(content) +# API Reference + ## BasicAuthentication This policy uses [HTTP Basic Authentication][basicauth], signed against a user's username and password. Basic authentication is generally only appropriate for testing. @@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ You'll also need to create tokens for your users. token = Token.objects.create(user=...) print token.key -For clients to authenticate, the token key should be included in the `Authorization` HTTP header. The key should be prefixed by the string literal "Token", with whitespace seperating the two strings. For example: +For clients to authenticate, the token key should be included in the `Authorization` HTTP header. The key should be prefixed by the string literal "Token", with whitespace separating the two strings. For example: Authorization: Token 9944b09199c62bcf9418ad846dd0e4bbdfc6ee4b @@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ If successfully authenticated, `SessionAuthentication` provides the following cr * `request.user` will be a `django.contrib.auth.models.User` instance. * `request.auth` will be `None`. -## Custom authentication policies +# Custom authentication To implement a custom authentication policy, subclass `BaseAuthentication` and override the `.authenticate(self, request)` method. The method should return a two-tuple of `(user, auth)` if authentication succeeds, or `None` otherwise. diff --git a/docs/api-guide/content-negotiation.md b/docs/api-guide/content-negotiation.md index ad98de3b9..10288c94d 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/content-negotiation.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/content-negotiation.md @@ -7,3 +7,60 @@ > — [RFC 2616][cite], Fielding et al. [cite]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec12.html + +Content negotiation is the process of selecting one of multiple possible representations to return to a client, based on client or server preferences. + +## Determining the accepted renderer + +REST framework uses a simple style of content negotiation to determine which media type should be returned to a client, based on the available renderers, the priorities of each of those renderers, and the client's `Accept:` header. The style used is partly client-driven, and partly server-driven. + +1. More specific media types are given preference to less specific media types. +2. If multiple media types have the same specificity, then preference is given to based on the ordering of the renderers configured for the given view. + +For example, given the following `Accept` header: + + application/json; indent=4, application/json, application/yaml, text/html, */* + +The priorities for each of the given media types would be: + +* `application/json; indent=4` +* `application/json`, `application/yaml` and `text/html` +* `*/*` + +If the requested view was only configured with renderers for `YAML` and `HTML`, then REST framework would select whichever renderer was listed first in the `renderer_classes` list or `DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES` setting. + +For more information on the `HTTP Accept` header, see [RFC 2616][accept-header] + +--- + +**Note**: "q" values are not taken into account by REST framework when determining preference. The use of "q" values negatively impacts caching, and in the author's opinion they are an unnecessary and overcomplicated approach to content negotiation. + +This is a valid approach as the HTTP spec deliberately underspecifies how a server should weight server-based preferences against client-based preferences. + +--- + +# Custom content negotiation + +It's unlikely that you'll want to provide a custom content negotiation scheme for REST framework, but you can do so if needed. To implement a custom content negotiation scheme override `BaseContentNegotiation`. + +REST framework's content negotiation classes handle selection of both the appropriate parser for the request, and the appropriate renderer for the response, so you should implement both the `.select_parser(request, parsers)` and `.select_renderer(request, renderers, format_suffix)` methods. + +## Example + +The following is a custom content negotiation class which ignores the client +request when selecting the appropriate parser or renderer. + + class IgnoreClientContentNegotiation(BaseContentNegotiation): + def select_parser(self, request, parsers): + """ + Select the first parser in the `.parser_classes` list. + """ + return parsers[0] + + def select_renderer(self, request, renderers, format_suffix): + """ + Select the first renderer in the `.renderer_classes` list. + """ + return renderers[0] + +[accept-header]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html diff --git a/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md b/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md index c22d6d8bb..ba57fde87 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ For example, the following request: DELETE http://api.example.com/foo/bar HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/json -Might recieve an error response indicating that the `DELETE` method is not allowed on that resource: +Might receive an error response indicating that the `DELETE` method is not allowed on that resource: HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 @@ -33,11 +33,15 @@ Might recieve an error response indicating that the `DELETE` method is not allow {"detail": "Method 'DELETE' not allowed."} +--- + +# API Reference + ## APIException **Signature:** `APIException(detail=None)` -The base class for all exceptions raised inside REST framework. +The **base class** for all exceptions raised inside REST framework. To provide a custom exception, subclass `APIException` and set the `.status_code` and `.detail` properties on the class. @@ -81,4 +85,4 @@ Raised when an incoming request fails the throttling checks. By default this exception results in a response with the HTTP status code "429 Too Many Requests". -[cite]: http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/how-tos/python-exception-handling/index.html \ No newline at end of file +[cite]: http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/how-tos/python-exception-handling/index.html diff --git a/docs/api-guide/fields.md b/docs/api-guide/fields.md index df54ea021..8c3df0678 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/fields.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/fields.md @@ -12,6 +12,51 @@ Serializer fields handle converting between primative values and internal dataty **Note:** The serializer fields are declared in fields.py, but by convention you should import them using `from rest_framework import serializers` and refer to fields as `serializers.`. +--- + +## Core arguments + +Each serializer field class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some Field classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following should always be accepted: + +### `source` + +The name of the attribute that will be used to populate the field. May be a method that only takes a `self` argument, such as `Field(source='get_absolute_url')`, or may use dotted notation to traverse attributes, such as `Field(source='user.email')`. + +The value `source='*'` has a special meaning, and is used to indicate that the entire object should be passed through to the field. This can be useful for creating nested representations. (See the implementation of the `PaginationSerializer` class for an example.) + +Defaults to the name of the field. + +### `read_only` + +Set this to `True` to ensure that the field is used when serializing a representation, but is not used when updating an instance dureing deserialization. + +Defaults to `False` + +### `required` + +Normally an error will be raised if a field is not supplied during deserialization. +Set to false if this field is not required to be present during deserialization. + +Defaults to `True`. + +### `default` + +If set, this gives the default value that will be used for the field if none is supplied. If not set the default behaviour is to not populate the attribute at all. + +### `validators` + +A list of Django validators that should be used to validate deserialized values. + +### `error_messages` + +A dictionary of error codes to error messages. + +### `widget` + +Used only if rendering the field to HTML. +This argument sets the widget that should be used to render the field. + + --- # Generic Fields @@ -42,7 +87,7 @@ A serializer definition that looked like this: class Meta: fields = ('url', 'owner', 'name', 'expired') -Would produced output similar to: +Would produce output similar to: { 'url': 'http://example.com/api/accounts/3/', @@ -51,7 +96,7 @@ Would produced output similar to: 'expired': True } -Be default, the `Field` class will perform a basic translation of the source value into primative datatypes, falling back to unicode representations of complex datatypes when neccesary. +By default, the `Field` class will perform a basic translation of the source value into primative datatypes, falling back to unicode representations of complex datatypes when necessary. You can customize this behaviour by overriding the `.to_native(self, value)` method. @@ -73,18 +118,53 @@ These fields represent basic datatypes, and support both reading and writing val ## BooleanField +A Boolean representation. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.BooleanField`. + ## CharField +A text representation, optionally validates the text to be shorter than `max_length` and longer than `min_length`. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.CharField` +or `django.db.models.fields.TextField`. + +**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None)` + +## ChoiceField + +A field that can accept a value out of a limited set of choices. + ## EmailField +A text representation, validates the text to be a valid e-mail address. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.EmailField` + ## DateField +A date representation. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.DateField` + ## DateTimeField +A date and time representation. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField` + ## IntegerField +An integer representation. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.IntegerField`, `django.db.models.fields.SmallIntegerField`, `django.db.models.fields.PositiveIntegerField` and `django.db.models.fields.PositiveSmallIntegerField` + ## FloatField +A floating point representation. + +Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.FloatField`. + --- # Relational Fields @@ -148,7 +228,7 @@ And a model serializer defined like this: model = Bookmark exclude = ('id',) -The an example output format for a Bookmark instance would be: +Then an example output format for a Bookmark instance would be: { 'tags': [u'django', u'python'], @@ -157,24 +237,42 @@ The an example output format for a Bookmark instance would be: ## PrimaryKeyRelatedField -As with `RelatedField` field can be applied to any "to-one" relationship, such as a `ForeignKey` field. +This field can be applied to any "to-one" relationship, such as a `ForeignKey` field. `PrimaryKeyRelatedField` will represent the target of the field using it's primary key. -Be default, `PrimaryKeyRelatedField` is read-write, although you can change this behaviour using the `readonly` flag. +Be default, `PrimaryKeyRelatedField` is read-write, although you can change this behaviour using the `read_only` flag. ## ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField -As with `RelatedField` field can be applied to any "to-many" relationship, such as a `ManyToManyField` field, or a reverse `ForeignKey` relationship. +This field can be applied to any "to-many" relationship, such as a `ManyToManyField` field, or a reverse `ForeignKey` relationship. -`PrimaryKeyRelatedField` will represent the target of the field using their primary key. +`PrimaryKeyRelatedField` will represent the targets of the field using their primary key. -Be default, `ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField` is read-write, although you can change this behaviour using the `readonly` flag. +Be default, `ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField` is read-write, although you can change this behaviour using the `read_only` flag. ## HyperlinkedRelatedField +This field can be applied to any "to-one" relationship, such as a `ForeignKey` field. + +`HyperlinkedRelatedField` will represent the target of the field using a hyperlink. You must include a named URL pattern in your URL conf, with a name like `'{model-name}-detail'` that corresponds to the target of the hyperlink. + +Be default, `HyperlinkedRelatedField` is read-write, although you can change this behaviour using the `read_only` flag. + ## ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField +This field can be applied to any "to-many" relationship, such as a `ManyToManyField` field, or a reverse `ForeignKey` relationship. + +`ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField` will represent the targets of the field using hyperlinks. You must include a named URL pattern in your URL conf, with a name like `'{model-name}-detail'` that corresponds to the target of the hyperlink. + +Be default, `ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField` is read-write, although you can change this behaviour using the `read_only` flag. + ## HyperLinkedIdentityField +This field can be applied as an identity relationship, such as the `'url'` field on a HyperlinkedModelSerializer. + +You must include a named URL pattern in your URL conf, with a name like `'{model-name}-detail'` that corresponds to the model. + +This field is always read-only. + [cite]: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/ diff --git a/docs/api-guide/format-suffixes.md b/docs/api-guide/format-suffixes.md index 7d72d9f87..6d5feba42 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/format-suffixes.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/format-suffixes.md @@ -7,5 +7,55 @@ used all the time. > > — Roy Fielding, [REST discuss mailing list][cite] -[cite]: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/rest-discuss/message/5857 +A common pattern for Web APIs is to use filename extensions on URLs to provide an endpoint for a given media type. For example, 'http://example.com/api/users.json' to serve a JSON representation. +Adding format-suffix patterns to each individual entry in the URLconf for your API is error-prone and non-DRY, so REST framework provides a shortcut to adding these patterns to your URLConf. + +## format_suffix_patterns + +**Signature**: format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns, suffix_required=False, allowed=None) + +Returns a URL pattern list which includes format suffix patterns appended to each of the URL patterns provided. + +Arguments: + +* **urlpatterns**: Required. A URL pattern list. +* **suffix_required**: Optional. A boolean indicating if suffixes in the URLs should be optional or mandatory. Defaults to `False`, meaning that suffixes are optional by default. +* **allowed**: Optional. A list or tuple of valid format suffixes. If not provided, a wildcard format suffix pattern will be used. + +Example: + + from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns + + urlpatterns = patterns('blog.views', + url(r'^/$', 'api_root'), + url(r'^comment/$', 'comment_root'), + url(r'^comment/(?P[0-9]+)/$', 'comment_instance') + ) + + urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns, allowed=['json', 'html']) + +When using `format_suffix_patterns`, you must make sure to add the `'format'` keyword argument to the corresponding views. For example. + + @api_view(('GET',)) + def api_root(request, format=None): + # do stuff... + +The name of the kwarg used may be modified by using the `FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG` setting. + +Also note that `format_suffix_patterns` does not support descending into `include` URL patterns. + +--- + +## Accept headers vs. format suffixes + +There seems to be a view among some of the Web community that filename extensions are not a RESTful pattern, and that `HTTP Accept` headers should always be used instead. + +It is actually a misconception. For example, take the following quote from Roy Fielding discussing the relative merits of query parameter media-type indicators vs. file extension media-type indicators: + +“That's why I always prefer extensions. Neither choice has anything to do with REST.” — Roy Fielding, [REST discuss mailing list][cite2] + +The quote does not mention Accept headers, but it does make it clear that format suffixes should be considered an acceptable pattern. + +[cite]: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/rest-discuss/message/5857 +[cite2]: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/rest-discuss/message/14844 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md b/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md index 8bf7a7e2b..360ef1a2e 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ For more complex cases you might also want to override various methods on the vi serializer_class = UserSerializer permission_classes = (IsAdminUser,) - def get_paginate_by(self): + def get_paginate_by(self, queryset): """ Use smaller pagination for HTML representations. """ @@ -49,21 +49,21 @@ For very simple cases you might want to pass through any class attributes using The following classes are the concrete generic views. If you're using generic views this is normally the level you'll be working at unless you need heavily customized behavior. +## CreateAPIView + +Used for **create-only** endpoints. + +Provides `post` method handlers. + +Extends: [GenericAPIView], [CreateModelMixin] + ## ListAPIView Used for **read-only** endpoints to represent a **collection of model instances**. Provides a `get` method handler. -Extends: [MultipleObjectBaseAPIView], [ListModelMixin] - -## ListCreateAPIView - -Used for **read-write** endpoints to represent a **collection of model instances**. - -Provides `get` and `post` method handlers. - -Extends: [MultipleObjectBaseAPIView], [ListModelMixin], [CreateModelMixin] +Extends: [MultipleObjectAPIView], [ListModelMixin] ## RetrieveAPIView @@ -71,7 +71,31 @@ Used for **read-only** endpoints to represent a **single model instance**. Provides a `get` method handler. -Extends: [SingleObjectBaseAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin] +Extends: [SingleObjectAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin] + +## DestroyAPIView + +Used for **delete-only** endpoints for a **single model instance**. + +Provides a `delete` method handler. + +Extends: [SingleObjectAPIView], [DestroyModelMixin] + +## UpdateAPIView + +Used for **update-only** endpoints for a **single model instance**. + +Provides a `put` method handler. + +Extends: [SingleObjectAPIView], [UpdateModelMixin] + +## ListCreateAPIView + +Used for **read-write** endpoints to represent a **collection of model instances**. + +Provides `get` and `post` method handlers. + +Extends: [MultipleObjectAPIView], [ListModelMixin], [CreateModelMixin] ## RetrieveDestroyAPIView @@ -79,15 +103,15 @@ Used for **read or delete** endpoints to represent a **single model instance**. Provides `get` and `delete` method handlers. -Extends: [SingleObjectBaseAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin], [DestroyModelMixin] +Extends: [SingleObjectAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin], [DestroyModelMixin] ## RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView -Used for **read-write** endpoints to represent a **single model instance**. +Used for **read-write-delete** endpoints to represent a **single model instance**. Provides `get`, `put` and `delete` method handlers. -Extends: [SingleObjectBaseAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin], [UpdateModelMixin], [DestroyModelMixin] +Extends: [SingleObjectAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin], [UpdateModelMixin], [DestroyModelMixin] --- @@ -95,17 +119,17 @@ Extends: [SingleObjectBaseAPIView], [RetrieveModelMixin], [UpdateModelMixin], [D Each of the generic views provided is built by combining one of the base views below, with one or more mixin classes. -## BaseAPIView +## GenericAPIView Extends REST framework's `APIView` class, adding support for serialization of model instances and model querysets. -## MultipleObjectBaseAPIView +## MultipleObjectAPIView Provides a base view for acting on a single object, by combining REST framework's `APIView`, and Django's [MultipleObjectMixin]. **See also:** ccbv.co.uk documentation for [MultipleObjectMixin][multiple-object-mixin-classy]. -## SingleObjectBaseAPIView +## SingleObjectAPIView Provides a base view for acting on a single object, by combining REST framework's `APIView`, and Django's [SingleObjectMixin]. @@ -121,31 +145,31 @@ The mixin classes provide the actions that are used to provide the basic view be Provides a `.list(request, *args, **kwargs)` method, that implements listing a queryset. -Should be mixed in with [MultipleObjectBaseAPIView]. +Should be mixed in with [MultipleObjectAPIView]. ## CreateModelMixin Provides a `.create(request, *args, **kwargs)` method, that implements creating and saving a new model instance. -Should be mixed in with any [BaseAPIView]. +Should be mixed in with any [GenericAPIView]. ## RetrieveModelMixin Provides a `.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)` method, that implements returning an existing model instance in a response. -Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectBaseAPIView]. +Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectAPIView]. ## UpdateModelMixin Provides a `.update(request, *args, **kwargs)` method, that implements updating and saving an existing model instance. -Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectBaseAPIView]. +Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectAPIView]. ## DestroyModelMixin Provides a `.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)` method, that implements deletion of an existing model instance. -Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectBaseAPIView]. +Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectAPIView]. [cite]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/class-based-views/#base-vs-generic-views [MultipleObjectMixin]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/class-based-views/mixins-multiple-object/ @@ -153,9 +177,9 @@ Should be mixed in with [SingleObjectBaseAPIView]. [multiple-object-mixin-classy]: http://ccbv.co.uk/projects/Django/1.4/django.views.generic.list/MultipleObjectMixin/ [single-object-mixin-classy]: http://ccbv.co.uk/projects/Django/1.4/django.views.generic.detail/SingleObjectMixin/ -[BaseAPIView]: #baseapiview -[SingleObjectBaseAPIView]: #singleobjectbaseapiview -[MultipleObjectBaseAPIView]: #multipleobjectbaseapiview +[GenericAPIView]: #genericapiview +[SingleObjectAPIView]: #singleobjectapiview +[MultipleObjectAPIView]: #multipleobjectapiview [ListModelMixin]: #listmodelmixin [CreateModelMixin]: #createmodelmixin [RetrieveModelMixin]: #retrievemodelmixin diff --git a/docs/api-guide/pagination.md b/docs/api-guide/pagination.md index 50be59bf9..597baba4d 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/pagination.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/pagination.md @@ -100,12 +100,16 @@ You can also set the pagination style on a per-view basis, using the `ListAPIVie For more complex requirements such as serialization that differs depending on the requested media type you can override the `.get_paginate_by()` and `.get_pagination_serializer_class()` methods. -## Creating custom pagination serializers +--- + +# Custom pagination serializers To create a custom pagination serializer class you should override `pagination.BasePaginationSerializer` and set the fields that you want the serializer to return. You can also override the name used for the object list field, by setting the `results_field` attribute, which defaults to `'results'`. +## Example + For example, to nest a pair of links labelled 'prev' and 'next', and set the name for the results field to 'objects', you might use something like this. class LinksSerializer(serializers.Serializer): diff --git a/docs/api-guide/parsers.md b/docs/api-guide/parsers.md index b9bb49004..59f00f999 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/parsers.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/parsers.md @@ -8,17 +8,154 @@ sending more complex data than simple forms > > — Malcom Tredinnick, [Django developers group][cite] +REST framework includes a number of built in Parser classes, that allow you to accept requests with various media types. There is also support for defining your own custom parsers, which gives you the flexibility to design the media types that your API accepts. + +## How the parser is determined + +The set of valid parsers for a view is always defined as a list of classes. When either `request.DATA` or `request.FILES` is accessed, REST framework will examine the `Content-Type` header on the incoming request, and determine which parser to use to parse the request content. + +## Setting the parsers + +The default set of parsers may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES` setting. For example, the following settings would allow requests with `YAML` content. + + REST_FRAMEWORK = { + 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': ( + 'rest_framework.parsers.YAMLParser', + ) + } + +You can also set the renderers used for an individual view, using the `APIView` class based views. + + class ExampleView(APIView): + """ + A view that can accept POST requests with YAML content. + """ + parser_classes = (YAMLParser,) + + def post(self, request, format=None): + return Response({'received data': request.DATA}) + +Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. + + @api_view(['POST']) + @parser_classes((YAMLParser,)) + def example_view(request, format=None): + """ + A view that can accept POST requests with YAML content. + """ + return Response({'received data': request.DATA}) + +--- + +# API Reference ## JSONParser +Parses `JSON` request content. + +**.media_type**: `application/json` + ## YAMLParser +Parses `YAML` request content. + +**.media_type**: `application/yaml` + ## XMLParser +Parses REST framework's default style of `XML` request content. + +Note that the `XML` markup language is typically used as the base language for more strictly defined domain-specific languages, such as `RSS`, `Atom`, and `XHTML`. + +If you are considering using `XML` for your API, you may want to consider implementing a custom renderer and parser for your specific requirements, and using an existing domain-specific media-type, or creating your own custom XML-based media-type. + +**.media_type**: `application/xml` + ## FormParser +Parses HTML form content. `request.DATA` will be populated with a `QueryDict` of data, `request.FILES` will be populated with an empty `QueryDict` of data. + +You will typically want to use both `FormParser` and `MultiPartParser` together in order to fully support HTML form data. + +**.media_type**: `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` + ## MultiPartParser -## Custom parsers +Parses multipart HTML form content, which supports file uploads. Both `request.DATA` and `request.FILES` will be populated with a `QueryDict`. + +You will typically want to use both `FormParser` and `MultiPartParser` together in order to fully support HTML form data. + +**.media_type**: `multipart/form-data` + +--- + +# Custom parsers + +To implement a custom parser, you should override `BaseParser`, set the `.media_type` property, and implement the `.parse(self, stream, media_type, parser_context)` method. + +The method should return the data that will be used to populate the `request.DATA` property. + +The arguments passed to `.parse()` are: + +### stream + +A stream-like object representing the body of the request. + +### media_type + +Optional. If provided, this is the media type of the incoming request content. + +Depending on the request's `Content-Type:` header, this may be more specific than the renderer's `media_type` attribute, and may include media type parameters. For example `"text/plain; charset=utf-8"`. + +### parser_context + +Optional. If supplied, this argument will be a dictionary containing any additional context that may be required to parse the request content. + +By default this will include the following keys: `view`, `request`, `args`, `kwargs`. + +## Example + +The following is an example plaintext parser that will populate the `request.DATA` property with a string representing the body of the request. + + class PlainTextParser(BaseParser): + """ + Plain text parser. + """ + + media_type = 'text/plain' + + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): + """ + Simply return a string representing the body of the request. + """ + return stream.read() + +## Uploading file content + +If your custom parser needs to support file uploads, you may return a `DataAndFiles` object from the `.parse()` method. `DataAndFiles` should be instantiated with two arguments. The first argument will be used to populate the `request.DATA` property, and the second argument will be used to populate the `request.FILES` property. + +For example: + + class SimpleFileUploadParser(BaseParser): + """ + A naive raw file upload parser. + """ + + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): + content = stream.read() + name = 'example.dat' + content_type = 'application/octet-stream' + size = len(content) + charset = 'utf-8' + + # Write a temporary file based on the request content + temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) + temp.write(content) + uploaded = UploadedFile(temp, name, content_type, size, charset) + + # Return the uploaded file + data = {} + files = {name: uploaded} + return DataAndFiles(data, files) [cite]: https://groups.google.com/d/topic/django-developers/dxI4qVzrBY4/discussion diff --git a/docs/api-guide/permissions.md b/docs/api-guide/permissions.md index b6912d888..1a746fb64 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/permissions.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/permissions.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ > > — [Apple Developer Documentation][cite] -Together with [authentication] and [throttling], permissions determine wheter a request should be granted or denied access. +Together with [authentication] and [throttling], permissions determine whether a request should be granted or denied access. Permission checks are always run at the very start of the view, before any other code is allowed to proceed. Permission checks will typically use the authentication information in the `request.user` and `request.auth` properties to determine if the incoming request should be permitted. @@ -25,14 +25,20 @@ Object level permissions are run by REST framework's generic views when `.get_ob ## Setting the permission policy -The default permission policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS` setting. For example. +The default permission policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES` setting. For example. REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS': ( + 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', ) } +If not specified, this setting defaults to allowing unrestricted access: + + 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ( + 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', + ) + You can also set the authentication policy on a per-view basis, using the `APIView` class based views. class ExampleView(APIView): @@ -54,6 +60,16 @@ Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. } return Response(content) +--- + +# API Reference + +## AllowAny + +The `AllowAny` permission class will allow unrestricted access, **regardless of if the request was authenticated or unauthenticated**. + +This permission is not strictly required, since you can achieve the same result by using an empty list or tuple for the permissions setting, but you may find it useful to specify this class because it makes the intention explicit. + ## IsAuthenticated The `IsAuthenticated` permission class will deny permission to any unauthenticated user, and allow permission otherwise. @@ -62,7 +78,7 @@ This permission is suitable if you want your API to only be accessible to regist ## IsAdminUser -The `IsAdminUser` permission class will deny permission to any user, unless `user.is_staff`is `True` in which case permission will be allowed. +The `IsAdminUser` permission class will deny permission to any user, unless `user.is_staff` is `True` in which case permission will be allowed. This permission is suitable is you want your API to only be accessible to a subset of trusted administrators. @@ -86,12 +102,15 @@ To use custom model permissions, override `DjangoModelPermissions` and set the ` The `DjangoModelPermissions` class also supports object-level permissions. Third-party authorization backends such as [django-guardian][guardian] that provide object-level permissions should work just fine with `DjangoModelPermissions` without any custom configuration required. -## Custom permissions +--- + +# Custom permissions To implement a custom permission, override `BasePermission` and implement the `.has_permission(self, request, view, obj=None)` method. The method should return `True` if the request should be granted access, and `False` otherwise. + [cite]: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/security/Conceptual/AuthenticationAndAuthorizationGuide/Authorization/Authorization.html [authentication]: authentication.md [throttling]: throttling.md diff --git a/docs/api-guide/renderers.md b/docs/api-guide/renderers.md index b2ebd0c7e..c3d12ddbb 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/renderers.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/renderers.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ > > — [Django documentation][cite] -REST framework includes a number of built in Renderer classes, that allow you to return responses with various media types. There is also support for defining your own custom renderers, which gives you the flexiblity to design your own media types. +REST framework includes a number of built in Renderer classes, that allow you to return responses with various media types. There is also support for defining your own custom renderers, which gives you the flexibility to design your own media types. ## How the renderer is determined @@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ For more information see the documentation on [content negotation][conneg]. ## Setting the renderers -The default set of renderers may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_RENDERERS` setting. For example, the following settings would use `YAML` as the main media type and also include the self describing API. +The default set of renderers may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES` setting. For example, the following settings would use `YAML` as the main media type and also include the self describing API. REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_RENDERERS': ( + 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.renderers.YAMLRenderer', 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', ) @@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ You can also set the renderers used for an individual view, using the `APIView` Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. - @api_view('GET'), - @renderer_classes(JSONRenderer, JSONPRenderer) + @api_view(['GET']) + @renderer_classes((JSONRenderer, JSONPRenderer)) def user_count_view(request, format=None): """ A view that returns the count of active users, in JSON or JSONp. @@ -66,34 +66,52 @@ If your API includes views that can serve both regular webpages and API response ## JSONRenderer -**.media_type:** `application/json` +Renders the request data into `JSON`. -**.format:** `'.json'` +The client may additionally include an `'indent'` media type parameter, in which case the returned `JSON` will be indented. For example `Accept: application/json; indent=4`. + +**.media_type**: `application/json` + +**.format**: `'.json'` ## JSONPRenderer -**.media_type:** `application/javascript` +Renders the request data into `JSONP`. The `JSONP` media type provides a mechanism of allowing cross-domain AJAX requests, by wrapping a `JSON` response in a javascript callback. -**.format:** `'.jsonp'` +The javascript callback function must be set by the client including a `callback` URL query parameter. For example `http://example.com/api/users?callback=jsonpCallback`. If the callback function is not explicitly set by the client it will default to `'callback'`. + +**Note**: If you require cross-domain AJAX requests, you may also want to consider using [CORS] as an alternative to `JSONP`. + +**.media_type**: `application/javascript` + +**.format**: `'.jsonp'` ## YAMLRenderer -**.media_type:** `application/yaml` +Renders the request data into `YAML`. -**.format:** `'.yaml'` +**.media_type**: `application/yaml` + +**.format**: `'.yaml'` ## XMLRenderer -**.media_type:** `application/xml` +Renders REST framework's default style of `XML` response content. -**.format:** `'.xml'` +Note that the `XML` markup language is used typically used as the base language for more strictly defined domain-specific languages, such as `RSS`, `Atom`, and `XHTML`. -## HTMLRenderer +If you are considering using `XML` for your API, you may want to consider implementing a custom renderer and parser for your specific requirements, and using an existing domain-specific media-type, or creating your own custom XML-based media-type. + +**.media_type**: `application/xml` + +**.format**: `'.xml'` + +## TemplateHTMLRenderer Renders data to HTML, using Django's standard template rendering. Unlike other renderers, the data passed to the `Response` does not need to be serialized. Also, unlike other renderers, you may want to include a `template_name` argument when creating the `Response`. -The HTMLRenderer will create a `RequestContext`, using the `response.data` as the context dict, and determine a template name to use to render the context. +The TemplateHTMLRenderer will create a `RequestContext`, using the `response.data` as the context dict, and determine a template name to use to render the context. The template name is determined by (in order of preference): @@ -101,40 +119,84 @@ The template name is determined by (in order of preference): 2. An explicit `.template_name` attribute set on this class. 3. The return result of calling `view.get_template_names()`. -An example of a view that uses `HTMLRenderer`: +An example of a view that uses `TemplateHTMLRenderer`: class UserInstance(generics.RetrieveUserAPIView): """ A view that returns a templated HTML representations of a given user. """ model = Users - renderer_classes = (HTMLRenderer,) + renderer_classes = (TemplateHTMLRenderer,) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs) self.object = self.get_object() - return Response(self.object, template_name='user_detail.html') + return Response({'user': self.object}, template_name='user_detail.html') -You can use `HTMLRenderer` either to return regular HTML pages using REST framework, or to return both HTML and API responses from a single endpoint. +You can use `TemplateHTMLRenderer` either to return regular HTML pages using REST framework, or to return both HTML and API responses from a single endpoint. -If you're building websites that use `HTMLRenderer` along with other renderer classes, you should consider listing `HTMLRenderer` as the first class in the `renderer_classes` list, so that it will be prioritised first even for browsers that send poorly formed `ACCEPT:` headers. +If you're building websites that use `TemplateHTMLRenderer` along with other renderer classes, you should consider listing `TemplateHTMLRenderer` as the first class in the `renderer_classes` list, so that it will be prioritised first even for browsers that send poorly formed `ACCEPT:` headers. -**.media_type:** `text/html` +**.media_type**: `text/html` -**.format:** `'.html'` +**.format**: `'.html'` + +See also: `StaticHTMLRenderer` + +## StaticHTMLRenderer + +A simple renderer that simply returns pre-rendered HTML. Unlike other renderers, the data passed to the response object should be a string representing the content to be returned. + +An example of a view that uses `TemplateHTMLRenderer`: + + @api_view(('GET',)) + @renderer_classes((StaticHTMLRenderer,)) + def simple_html_view(request): + data = '

Hello, world

' + return Response(data) + +You can use `TemplateHTMLRenderer` either to return regular HTML pages using REST framework, or to return both HTML and API responses from a single endpoint. + +**.media_type**: `text/html` + +**.format**: `'.html'` + +See also: `TemplateHTMLRenderer` ## BrowsableAPIRenderer Renders data into HTML for the Browseable API. This renderer will determine which other renderer would have been given highest priority, and use that to display an API style response within the HTML page. -**.media_type:** `text/html` +**.media_type**: `text/html` -**.format:** `'.api'` +**.format**: `'.api'` -## Custom renderers +--- + +# Custom renderers To implement a custom renderer, you should override `BaseRenderer`, set the `.media_type` and `.format` properties, and implement the `.render(self, data, media_type=None, renderer_context=None)` method. -For example: +The arguments passed to the `.render()` method are: + +### `data` + +The request data, as set by the `Response()` instantiation. + +### `media_type=None` + +Optional. If provided, this is the accepted media type, as determined by the content negotiation stage. + +Depending on the client's `Accept:` header, this may be more specific than the renderer's `media_type` attribute, and may include media type parameters. For example `"application/json; nested=true"`. + +### `renderer_context=None` + +Optional. If provided, this is a dictionary of contextual information provided by the view. + +By default this will include the following keys: `view`, `request`, `response`, `args`, `kwargs`. + +## Example + +The following is an example plaintext renderer that will return a response with the `data` parameter as the content of the response. from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode from rest_framework import renderers @@ -149,21 +211,6 @@ For example: return data return smart_unicode(data) -The arguments passed to the `.render()` method are: - -#### `data` - -The request data, as set by the `Response()` instantiation. - -#### `media_type=None` - -Optional. If provided, this is the accepted media type, as determined by the content negotiation stage. Depending on the client's `Accept:` header, this may be more specific than the renderer's `media_type` attribute, and may include media type parameters. For example `"application/json; nested=true"`. - -#### `renderer_context=None` - -Optional. If provided, this is a dictionary of contextual information provided by the view. -By default this will include the following keys: `view`, `request`, `response`, `args`, `kwargs`. - --- # Advanced renderer usage @@ -182,7 +229,7 @@ In some cases you might want your view to use different serialization styles dep For example: @api_view(('GET',)) - @renderer_classes((HTMLRenderer, JSONRenderer)) + @renderer_classes((TemplateHTMLRenderer, JSONRenderer)) def list_users(request): """ A view that can return JSON or HTML representations @@ -190,9 +237,9 @@ For example: """ queryset = Users.objects.filter(active=True) - if request.accepted_media_type == 'text/html': + if request.accepted_renderer.format == 'html': # TemplateHTMLRenderer takes a context dict, - # and additionally requiresa 'template_name'. + # and additionally requires a 'template_name'. # It does not require serialization. data = {'users': queryset} return Response(data, template_name='list_users.html') @@ -204,7 +251,7 @@ For example: ## Designing your media types -For the purposes of many Web APIs, simple `JSON` responses with hyperlinked relations may be sufficient. If you want to fully embrace RESTful design and [HATEOAS] you'll neeed to consider the design and usage of your media types in more detail. +For the purposes of many Web APIs, simple `JSON` responses with hyperlinked relations may be sufficient. If you want to fully embrace RESTful design and [HATEOAS] you'll need to consider the design and usage of your media types in more detail. In [the words of Roy Fielding][quote], "A REST API should spend almost all of its descriptive effort in defining the media type(s) used for representing resources and driving application state, or in defining extended relation names and/or hypertext-enabled mark-up for existing standard media types.". @@ -213,6 +260,7 @@ For good examples of custom media types, see GitHub's use of a custom [applicati [cite]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/template-response/#the-rendering-process [conneg]: content-negotiation.md [browser-accept-headers]: http://www.gethifi.com/blog/browser-rest-http-accept-headers +[CORS]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing [HATEOAS]: http://timelessrepo.com/haters-gonna-hateoas [quote]: http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven [application/vnd.github+json]: http://developer.github.com/v3/media/ diff --git a/docs/api-guide/requests.md b/docs/api-guide/requests.md index 36513cd9f..72932f5d6 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/requests.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/requests.md @@ -6,63 +6,123 @@ > > — Malcom Tredinnick, [Django developers group][cite] -REST framework's `Request` class extends the standard `HttpRequest`, adding support for parsing multiple content types, allowing browser-based `PUT`, `DELETE` and other methods, and adding flexible per-request authentication. +REST framework's `Request` class extends the standard `HttpRequest`, adding support for REST framework's flexible request parsing and request authentication. -## .method - -`request.method` returns the uppercased string representation of the request's HTTP method. - -Browser-based `PUT`, `DELETE` and other requests are supported, and can be made by using a hidden form field named `_method` in a regular `POST` form. - - - -## .content_type - -`request.content`, returns a string object representing the mimetype of the HTTP request's body, if one exists. +--- +# Request parsing +REST framework's Request objects provide flexible request parsing that allows you to treat requests with JSON data or other media types in the same way that you would normally deal with form data. ## .DATA -`request.DATA` returns the parsed content of the request body. This is similar to the standard `HttpRequest.POST` attribute except that: +`request.DATA` returns the parsed content of the request body. This is similar to the standard `request.POST` attribute except that: -1. It supports parsing the content of HTTP methods other than `POST`, meaning that you can access the content of `PUT` and `PATCH` requests. -2. It supports parsing multiple content types, rather than just form data. For example you can handle incoming json data in the same way that you handle incoming form data. +* It supports parsing the content of HTTP methods other than `POST`, meaning that you can access the content of `PUT` and `PATCH` requests. +* It supports REST framework's flexible request parsing, rather than just supporting form data. For example you can handle incoming JSON data in the same way that you handle incoming form data. + +For more details see the [parsers documentation]. ## .FILES -`request.FILES` returns any uploaded files that may be present in the content of the request body. This is the same as the standard `HttpRequest` behavior, except that the same flexible request parsing that is used for `request.DATA`. +`request.FILES` returns any uploaded files that may be present in the content of the request body. This is the same as the standard `HttpRequest` behavior, except that the same flexible request parsing is used for `request.DATA`. -This allows you to support file uploads from multiple content-types. For example you can write a parser that supports `POST`ing the raw content of a file, instead of using form-encoded file uploads. +For more details see the [parsers documentation]. -## .user +## .QUERY_PARAMS -`request.user` returns a `django.contrib.auth.models.User` instance. +`request.QUERY_PARAMS` is a more correctly named synonym for `request.GET`. -## .auth - -`request.auth` returns any additional authentication context that may not be contained in `request.user`. The exact behavior of `request.auth` depends on what authentication has been set in `request.authentication`. For many types of authentication this will simply be `None`, but it may also be an object representing a permission scope, an expiry time, or any other information that might be contained in a token-based authentication scheme. +For clarity inside your code, we recommend using `request.QUERY_PARAMS` instead of the usual `request.GET`, as *any* HTTP method type may include query parameters. ## .parsers -`request.parsers` should be set to a list of `Parser` instances that can be used to parse the content of the request body. +The `APIView` class or `@api_view` decorator will ensure that this property is automatically set to a list of `Parser` instances, based on the `parser_classes` set on the view or based on the `DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES` setting. -`request.parsers` may no longer be altered once `request.DATA`, `request.FILES` or `request.POST` have been accessed. +You won't typically need to access this property. -If you're using the `rest_framework.views.View` class... **[TODO]** +--- + +**Note:** If a client sends malformed content, then accessing `request.DATA` or `request.FILES` may raise a `ParseError`. By default REST framework's `APIView` class or `@api_view` decorator will catch the error and return a `400 Bad Request` response. + +If a client sends a request with a content-type that cannot be parsed then a `UnsupportedMediaType` exception will be raised, which by default will be caught and return a `415 Unsupported Media Type` response. + +--- + +# Authentication + +REST framework provides flexible, per-request authentication, that gives you the ability to: + +* Use different authentication policies for different parts of your API. +* Support the use of multiple authentication policies. +* Provide both user and token information associated with the incoming request. + +## .user + +`request.user` typically returns an instance of `django.contrib.auth.models.User`, although the behavior depends on the authentication policy being used. + +If the request is unauthenticated the default value of `request.user` is an instance of `django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser`. + +For more details see the [authentication documentation]. + +## .auth + +`request.auth` returns any additional authentication context. The exact behavior of `request.auth` depends on the authentication policy being used, but it may typically be an instance of the token that the request was authenticated against. + +If the request is unauthenticated, or if no additional context is present, the default value of `request.auth` is `None`. + +For more details see the [authentication documentation]. + +## .authenticators + +The `APIView` class or `@api_view` decorator will ensure that this property is automatically set to a list of `Authentication` instances, based on the `authentication_classes` set on the view or based on the `DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATORS` setting. + +You won't typically need to access this property. + +--- + +# Browser enhancements + +REST framework supports a few browser enhancements such as browser-based `PUT` and `DELETE` forms. + +## .method + +`request.method` returns the **uppercased** string representation of the request's HTTP method. + +Browser-based `PUT` and `DELETE` forms are transparently supported. + +For more information see the [browser enhancements documentation]. + +## .content_type + +`request.content_type`, returns a string object representing the media type of the HTTP request's body, or an empty string if no media type was provided. + +You won't typically need to directly access the request's content type, as you'll normally rely on REST framework's default request parsing behavior. + +If you do need to access the content type of the request you should use the `.content_type` property in preference to using `request.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE')`, as it provides transparent support for browser-based non-form content. + +For more information see the [browser enhancements documentation]. ## .stream `request.stream` returns a stream representing the content of the request body. -You will not typically need to access `request.stream`, unless you're writing a `Parser` class. +You won't typically need to directly access the request's content, as you'll normally rely on REST framework's default request parsing behavior. -## .authentication +If you do need to access the raw content directly, you should use the `.stream` property in preference to using `request.content`, as it provides transparent support for browser-based non-form content. -`request.authentication` should be set to a list of `Authentication` instances that can be used to authenticate the request. +For more information see the [browser enhancements documentation]. -`request.authentication` may no longer be altered once `request.user` or `request.auth` have been accessed. +--- + +# Standard HttpRequest attributes + +As REST framework's `Request` extends Django's `HttpRequest`, all the other standard attributes and methods are also available. For example the `request.META` dictionary is available as normal. + +Note that due to implementation reasons the `Request` class does not inherit from `HttpRequest` class, but instead extends the class using composition. -If you're using the `rest_framework.views.View` class... **[TODO]** [cite]: https://groups.google.com/d/topic/django-developers/dxI4qVzrBY4/discussion +[parsers documentation]: parsers.md +[authentication documentation]: authentication.md +[browser enhancements documentation]: ../topics/browser-enhancements.md diff --git a/docs/api-guide/responses.md b/docs/api-guide/responses.md index b0de6824e..794f93774 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/responses.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/responses.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Unless you want to heavily customize REST framework for some reason, you should --- -# Methods +# Creating responses ## Response() @@ -35,21 +35,6 @@ Arguments: * `template_name`: A template name to use if `HTMLRenderer` is selected. * `headers`: A dictionary of HTTP headers to use in the response. -## .render() - -**Signature:** `.render()` - -This methd is called to render the serialized data of the response into the final response content. When `.render()` is called, the response content will be set to the result of calling the `.render(data, accepted_media_type)` method on the accepted renderer instance. - -You won't typically need to call `.render()` yourself, as it's handled by Django's standard response cycle. - -## Standard response methods - -The `Response` class extends `SimpleTemplateResponse`, and all the usual methods are also available on the response. For example you can set headers on the response in the standard way: - - response = Response() - response['Cache-Control'] = 'no-cache' - --- # Attributes @@ -88,5 +73,22 @@ A dictionary of additional context information that will be passed to the render Set automatically by the `APIView` or `@api_view` immediately before the response is returned from the view. +--- + +# Standard HttpResponse attributes + +The `Response` class extends `SimpleTemplateResponse`, and all the usual attributes and methods are also available on the response. For example you can set headers on the response in the standard way: + + response = Response() + response['Cache-Control'] = 'no-cache' + +## .render() + +**Signature:** `.render()` + +As with any other `TemplateResponse`, this method is called to render the serialized data of the response into the final response content. When `.render()` is called, the response content will be set to the result of calling the `.render(data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)` method on the `accepted_renderer` instance. + +You won't typically need to call `.render()` yourself, as it's handled by Django's standard response cycle. + [cite]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/template-response/ [statuscodes]: status-codes.md diff --git a/docs/api-guide/reverse.md b/docs/api-guide/reverse.md index 12346eb4f..19930dc3f 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/reverse.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/reverse.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ > > — Roy Fielding, [Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures][cite] -As a rule, it's probably better practice to return absolute URIs from you Web APIs, such as `http://example.com/foobar`, rather than returning relative URIs, such as `/foobar`. +As a rule, it's probably better practice to return absolute URIs from your Web APIs, such as `http://example.com/foobar`, rather than returning relative URIs, such as `/foobar`. The advantages of doing so are: diff --git a/docs/api-guide/serializers.md b/docs/api-guide/serializers.md index 47958fe31..c88b9b0c6 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/serializers.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/serializers.md @@ -76,7 +76,28 @@ Deserialization is similar. First we parse a stream into python native datatype When deserializing data, you always need to call `is_valid()` before attempting to access the deserialized object. If any validation errors occur, the `.errors` and `.non_field_errors` properties will contain the resulting error messages. -**TODO: Describe validation in more depth** +### Field-level validation + +You can specify custom field-level validation by adding `validate_()` methods to your `Serializer` subclass. These are analagous to `clean_` methods on Django forms, but accept slightly different arguments. They take a dictionary of deserialized attributes as a first argument, and the field name in that dictionary as a second argument (which will be either the name of the field or the value of the `source` argument to the field, if one was provided). Your `validate_` methods should either just return the attrs dictionary or raise a `ValidationError`. For example: + + from rest_framework import serializers + + class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.Serializer): + title = serializers.CharField(max_length=100) + content = serializers.CharField() + + def validate_title(self, attrs, source): + """ + Check that the blog post is about Django + """ + value = attrs[source] + if "Django" not in value: + raise serializers.ValidationError("Blog post is not about Django") + return attrs + +### Final cross-field validation + +To do any other validation that requires access to multiple fields, add a method called `validate` to your `Serializer` subclass. This method takes a single argument, which is the `attrs` dictionary. It should raise a `ValidationError` if necessary, or just return `attrs`. ## Dealing with nested objects @@ -86,21 +107,21 @@ where some of the attributes of an object might not be simple datatypes such as The `Serializer` class is itself a type of `Field`, and can be used to represent relationships where one object type is nested inside another. class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer): - email = serializers.EmailField() - username = serializers.CharField() - - def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None): - return User(**attrs) - + email = serializers.Field() + username = serializers.Field() class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer): user = UserSerializer() - title = serializers.CharField() - content = serializers.CharField(max_length=200) - created = serializers.DateTimeField() - - def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None): - return Comment(**attrs) + title = serializers.Field() + content = serializers.Field() + created = serializers.Field() + +--- + +**Note**: Nested serializers are only suitable for read-only representations, as there are cases where they would have ambiguous or non-obvious behavior if used when updating instances. For read-write representations you should always use a flat representation, by using one of the `RelatedField` subclasses. + +--- + ## Creating custom fields @@ -114,7 +135,6 @@ Let's look at an example of serializing a class that represents an RGB color val """ A color represented in the RGB colorspace. """ - def __init__(self, red, green, blue): assert(red >= 0 and green >= 0 and blue >= 0) assert(red < 256 and green < 256 and blue < 256) @@ -124,7 +144,6 @@ Let's look at an example of serializing a class that represents an RGB color val """ Color objects are serialized into "rgb(#, #, #)" notation. """ - def to_native(self, obj): return "rgb(%d, %d, %d)" % (obj.red, obj.green, obj.blue) @@ -169,13 +188,13 @@ The `ModelSerializer` class lets you automatically create a Serializer class wit You can add extra fields to a `ModelSerializer` or override the default fields by declaring fields on the class, just as you would for a `Serializer` class. class AccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): - url = CharField(source='get_absolute_url', readonly=True) + url = CharField(source='get_absolute_url', read_only=True) group = NaturalKeyField() class Meta: model = Account -Extra fields can corrospond to any property or callable on the model. +Extra fields can correspond to any property or callable on the model. ## Relational fields @@ -187,7 +206,7 @@ The `PrimaryKeyRelatedField` and `HyperlinkedRelatedField` fields provide altern The `ModelSerializer` class can itself be used as a field, in order to serialize relationships using nested representations. -The `RelatedField` class may be subclassed to create a custom represenation of a relationship. The subclass should override `.to_native()`, and optionally `.from_native()` if deserialization is supported. +The `RelatedField` class may be subclassed to create a custom representation of a relationship. The subclass should override `.to_native()`, and optionally `.from_native()` if deserialization is supported. All the relational fields may be used for any relationship or reverse relationship on a model. @@ -204,40 +223,54 @@ For example: ## Specifiying nested serialization -The default `ModelSerializer` uses primary keys for relationships, but you can also easily generate nested representations using the `nested` option: +The default `ModelSerializer` uses primary keys for relationships, but you can also easily generate nested representations using the `depth` option: class AccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Account exclude = ('id',) - nested = True + depth = 1 -The `nested` option may be set to either `True`, `False`, or an integer value. If given an integer value it indicates the depth of relationships that should be traversed before reverting to a flat representation. +The `depth` option should be set to an integer value that indicates the depth of relationships that should be traversed before reverting to a flat representation. -When serializing objects using a nested representation any occurances of recursion will be recognised, and will fall back to using a flat representation. +## Customising the default fields -## Customising the default fields used by a ModelSerializer +You can create customized subclasses of `ModelSerializer` that use a different set of default fields for the representation, by overriding various `get__field` methods. +Each of these methods may either return a field or serializer instance, or `None`. +### get_pk_field - class AccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): - class Meta: - model = Account +**Signature**: `.get_pk_field(self, model_field)` +Returns the field instance that should be used to represent the pk field. + +### get_nested_field + +**Signature**: `.get_nested_field(self, model_field)` + +Returns the field instance that should be used to represent a related field when `depth` is specified as being non-zero. + +### get_related_field + +**Signature**: `.get_related_field(self, model_field, to_many=False)` + +Returns the field instance that should be used to represent a related field when `depth` is not specified, or when nested representations are being used and the depth reaches zero. + +### get_field + +**Signature**: `.get_field(self, model_field)` + +Returns the field instance that should be used for non-relational, non-pk fields. + +### Example: + +The following custom model serializer could be used as a base class for model serializers that should always exclude the pk by default. + + class NoPKModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): def get_pk_field(self, model_field): - return serializers.Field(readonly=True) + return None - def get_nested_field(self, model_field): - return serializers.ModelSerializer() - - def get_related_field(self, model_field, to_many=False): - queryset = model_field.rel.to._default_manager - if to_many: - return return serializers.ManyRelatedField(queryset=queryset) - return serializers.RelatedField(queryset=queryset) - - def get_field(self, model_field): - return serializers.ModelField(model_field=model_field) [cite]: https://groups.google.com/d/topic/django-users/sVFaOfQi4wY/discussion diff --git a/docs/api-guide/settings.md b/docs/api-guide/settings.md index f473128ed..4f87b30da 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/settings.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/settings.md @@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ Configuration for REST framework is all namespaced inside a single Django settin For example your project's `settings.py` file might include something like this: REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_RENDERERS': ( + 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.renderers.YAMLRenderer', - ) - 'DEFAULT_PARSERS': ( + ), + 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.parsers.YAMLParser', ) } @@ -26,11 +26,15 @@ you should use the `api_settings` object. For example. from rest_framework.settings import api_settings - print api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION + print api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES The `api_settings` object will check for any user-defined settings, and otherwise fallback to the default values. Any setting that uses string import paths to refer to a class will automatically import and return the referenced class, instead of the string literal. -## DEFAULT_RENDERERS +--- + +# API Reference + +## DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES A list or tuple of renderer classes, that determines the default set of renderers that may be used when returning a `Response` object. @@ -38,11 +42,11 @@ Default: ( 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', - 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer' + 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', 'rest_framework.renderers.TemplateHTMLRenderer' ) -## DEFAULT_PARSERS +## DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES A list or tuple of parser classes, that determines the default set of parsers used when accessing the `request.DATA` property. @@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ Default: 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser' ) -## DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION +## DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES A list or tuple of authentication classes, that determines the default set of authenticators used when accessing the `request.user` or `request.auth` properties. @@ -64,25 +68,29 @@ Default: 'rest_framework.authentication.UserBasicAuthentication' ) -## DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS +## DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES A list or tuple of permission classes, that determines the default set of permissions checked at the start of a view. -Default: `()` +Default: -## DEFAULT_THROTTLES + ( + 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', + ) + +## DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES A list or tuple of throttle classes, that determines the default set of throttles checked at the start of a view. Default: `()` -## DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER +## DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS **TODO** Default: `rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer` -## DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER +## DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS **TODO** diff --git a/docs/api-guide/throttling.md b/docs/api-guide/throttling.md index 0e228905d..b03bc9e04 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/throttling.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/throttling.md @@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ If any throttle check fails an `exceptions.Throttled` exception will be raised, ## Setting the throttling policy -The default throttling policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_THROTTLES` and `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES` settings. For example. +The default throttling policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES` and `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES` settings. For example. REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_THROTTLES': ( - 'rest_framework.throttles.AnonThrottle', - 'rest_framework.throttles.UserThrottle', - ) + 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ( + 'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle', + 'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle' + ), 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': { 'anon': '100/day', 'user': '1000/day' @@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. } return Response(content) +--- + +# API Reference + ## AnonRateThrottle The `AnonThrottle` will only ever throttle unauthenticated users. The IP address of the incoming request is used to generate a unique key to throttle against. @@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ The allowed request rate is determined from one of the following (in order of pr ## UserRateThrottle -The `UserThrottle` will throttle users to a given rate of requests across the API. The user id is used to generate a unique key to throttle against. Unauthenticted requests will fall back to using the IP address of the incoming request to generate a unique key to throttle against. +The `UserThrottle` will throttle users to a given rate of requests across the API. The user id is used to generate a unique key to throttle against. Unauthenticated requests will fall back to using the IP address of the incoming request to generate a unique key to throttle against. The allowed request rate is determined from one of the following (in order of preference). @@ -96,10 +100,10 @@ For example, multiple user throttle rates could be implemented by using the foll ...and the following settings. REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_THROTTLES': ( + 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ( 'example.throttles.BurstRateThrottle', - 'example.throttles.SustainedRateThrottle', - ) + 'example.throttles.SustainedRateThrottle' + ), 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': { 'burst': '60/min', 'sustained': '1000/day' @@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ For example, multiple user throttle rates could be implemented by using the foll ## ScopedRateThrottle -The `ScopedThrottle` class can be used to restrict access to specific parts of the API. This throttle will only be applied if the view that is being accessed includes a `.throttle_scope` property. The unique throttle key will then be formed by concatenating the "scope" of the request with the unqiue user id or IP address. +The `ScopedThrottle` class can be used to restrict access to specific parts of the API. This throttle will only be applied if the view that is being accessed includes a `.throttle_scope` property. The unique throttle key will then be formed by concatenating the "scope" of the request with the unique user id or IP address. The allowed request rate is determined by the `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES` setting using a key from the request "scope". @@ -131,9 +135,9 @@ For example, given the following views... ...and the following settings. REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_THROTTLES': ( - 'rest_framework.throttles.ScopedRateThrottle', - ) + 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ( + 'rest_framework.throttling.ScopedRateThrottle' + ), 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': { 'contacts': '1000/day', 'uploads': '20/day' @@ -142,10 +146,12 @@ For example, given the following views... User requests to either `ContactListView` or `ContactDetailView` would be restricted to a total of 1000 requests per-day. User requests to `UploadView` would be restricted to 20 requests per day. -## Custom throttles +--- + +# Custom throttles To create a custom throttle, override `BaseThrottle` and implement `.allow_request(request, view)`. The method should return `True` if the request should be allowed, and `False` otherwise. -Optionally you may also override the `.wait()` method. If implemented, `.wait()` should return a recomended number of seconds to wait before attempting the next request, or `None`. The `.wait()` method will only be called if `.allow_request()` has previously returned `False`. +Optionally you may also override the `.wait()` method. If implemented, `.wait()` should return a recommended number of seconds to wait before attempting the next request, or `None`. The `.wait()` method will only be called if `.allow_request()` has previously returned `False`. [permissions]: permissions.md diff --git a/docs/api-guide/views.md b/docs/api-guide/views.md index cbfa2e28e..5b072827e 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/views.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/views.md @@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ For example: * Only admin users are able to access this view. """ authentication_classes = (authentication.TokenAuthentication,) - permission_classes = (permissions.IsAdmin,) + permission_classes = (permissions.IsAdminUser,) def get(self, request, format=None): """ Return a list of all users. """ - users = [user.username for user in User.objects.all()] - return Response(users) + usernames = [user.username for user in User.objects.all()] + return Response(usernames) ## API policy attributes @@ -118,9 +118,51 @@ You won't typically need to override this method. > > — [Nick Coghlan][cite2] -REST framework also gives you to work with regular function based views... +REST framework also allows you to work with regular function based views. It provides a set of simple decorators that wrap your function based views to ensure they receive an instance of `Request` (rather than the usual Django `HttpRequest`) and allows them to return a `Response` (instead of a Django `HttpResponse`), and allow you to configure how the request is processed. -**[TODO]** +## @api_view() + +**Signature:** `@api_view(http_method_names)` + +The core of this functionality is the `api_view` decorator, which takes a list of HTTP methods that your view should respond to. For example, this is how you would write a very simple view that just manually returns some data: + + from rest_framework.decorators import api_view + + @api_view(['GET']) + def hello_world(request): + return Response({"message": "Hello, world!"}) + + +This view will use the default renderers, parsers, authentication classes etc specified in the [settings](settings). + +## API policy decorators + +To override the default settings, REST framework provides a set of additional decorators which can be added to your views. These must come *after* (below) the `@api_view` decorator. For example, to create a view that uses a [throttle](throttling) to ensure it can only be called once per day by a particular user, use the `@throttle_classes` decorator, passing a list of throttle classes: + + from rest_framework.decorators import api_view, throttle_classes + from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle + + class OncePerDayUserThrottle(UserRateThrottle): + rate = '1/day' + + @api_view(['GET']) + @throttle_classes([OncePerDayUserThrottle]) + def view(request): + return Response({"message": "Hello for today! See you tomorrow!"}) + +These decorators correspond to the attributes set on `APIView` subclasses, described above. + +The available decorators are: + +* `@renderer_classes(...)` +* `@parser_classes(...)` +* `@authentication_classes(...)` +* `@throttle_classes(...)` +* `@permission_classes(...)` + +Each of these decorators takes a single argument which must be a list or tuple of classes. [cite]: http://reinout.vanrees.org/weblog/2011/08/24/class-based-views-usage.html -[cite2]: http://www.boredomandlaziness.org/2012/05/djangos-cbvs-are-not-mistake-but.html \ No newline at end of file +[cite2]: http://www.boredomandlaziness.org/2012/05/djangos-cbvs-are-not-mistake-but.html +[settings]: api-guide/settings.md +[throttling]: api-guide/throttling.md diff --git a/docs/css/default.css b/docs/css/default.css index c1d2e885d..57446ff98 100644 --- a/docs/css/default.css +++ b/docs/css/default.css @@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ pre { font-weight: bold; } +.nav-list a { + overflow: hidden; +} + /* Set the table of contents to static so it flows back into the content when viewed on tablets and smaller. */ @media (max-width: 767px) { diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md index b3845521d..75a1cf6e6 100644 --- a/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/index.md @@ -5,12 +5,24 @@ **A toolkit for building well-connected, self-describing Web APIs.** -**WARNING: This documentation is for the 2.0 redesign of REST framework. It is a work in progress.** +--- + +**Note**: This documentation is for the 2.0 version of REST framework. If you are looking for earlier versions please see the [0.4.x branch][0.4] on GitHub. + +--- Django REST framework is a lightweight library that makes it easy to build Web APIs. It is designed as a modular and easy to customize architecture, based on Django's class based views. Web APIs built using REST framework are fully self-describing and web browseable - a huge useability win for your developers. It also supports a wide range of media types, authentication and permission policies out of the box. +If you are considering using REST framework for your API, we recommend reading the [REST framework 2 announcment][rest-framework-2-announcement] which gives a good overview of the framework and it's capabilities. + +There is also a sandbox API you can use for testing purposes, [available here][sandbox]. + +**Below**: *Screenshot from the browseable API* + +![Screenshot][image] + ## Requirements REST framework requires the following: @@ -25,8 +37,6 @@ The following packages are optional: ## Installation -**WARNING: These instructions will only become valid once this becomes the master version** - Install using `pip`, including any optional packages you want... pip install djangorestframework @@ -47,7 +57,7 @@ Add `rest_framework` to your `INSTALLED_APPS`. 'rest_framework', ) -If you're intending to use the browserable API you'll want to add REST framework's login and logout views. Add the following to your root `urls.py` file. +If you're intending to use the browseable API you'll want to add REST framework's login and logout views. Add the following to your root `urls.py` file. urlpatterns = patterns('', ... @@ -56,9 +66,11 @@ If you're intending to use the browserable API you'll want to add REST framework Note that the URL path can be whatever you want, but you must include `rest_framework.urls` with the `rest_framework` namespace. + ## Tutorial @@ -67,9 +79,8 @@ The tutorial will walk you through the building blocks that make up REST framewo * [1 - Serialization][tut-1] * [2 - Requests & Responses][tut-2] * [3 - Class based views][tut-3] -* [4 - Authentication, permissions & throttling][tut-4] +* [4 - Authentication & permissions][tut-4] * [5 - Relationships & hyperlinked APIs][tut-5] - ## API Guide @@ -98,13 +109,11 @@ The API guide is your complete reference manual to all the functionality provide General guides to using REST framework. -* [CSRF][csrf] -* [Browser hacks][browserhacks] -* [Working with the Browsable API][browsableapi] +* [Browser enhancements][browser-enhancements] +* [The Browsable API][browsableapi] * [REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS][rest-hypermedia-hateoas] -* [Contributing to REST framework][contributing] -* [2.0 Migration Guide][migration] -* [Change Log][changelog] +* [2.0 Announcement][rest-framework-2-announcement] +* [Release Notes][release-notes] * [Credits][credits] ## Development @@ -119,7 +128,6 @@ Run the tests: ./rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py -For more information see the [Contributing to REST framework][contributing] section. ## Support For support please see the [REST framework discussion group][group], or try the `#restframework` channel on `irc.freenode.net`. @@ -151,19 +159,21 @@ CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/tomchristie/django-rest-framework?branch=restframework2 +[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/tomchristie/django-rest-framework?branch=master [travis-build-image]: https://secure.travis-ci.org/tomchristie/django-rest-framework.png?branch=restframework2 [urlobject]: https://github.com/zacharyvoase/urlobject [markdown]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Markdown/ [yaml]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyYAML +[0.4]: https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/0.4.X +[image]: img/quickstart.png +[sandbox]: http://restframework.herokuapp.com/ [quickstart]: tutorial/quickstart.md [tut-1]: tutorial/1-serialization.md [tut-2]: tutorial/2-requests-and-responses.md [tut-3]: tutorial/3-class-based-views.md -[tut-4]: tutorial/4-authentication-permissions-and-throttling.md +[tut-4]: tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions.md [tut-5]: tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md -[tut-6]: tutorial/6-resource-orientated-projects.md [request]: api-guide/requests.md [response]: api-guide/responses.md @@ -185,14 +195,14 @@ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. [settings]: api-guide/settings.md [csrf]: topics/csrf.md -[browserhacks]: topics/browserhacks.md +[browser-enhancements]: topics/browser-enhancements.md [browsableapi]: topics/browsable-api.md [rest-hypermedia-hateoas]: topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas.md [contributing]: topics/contributing.md -[migration]: topics/migration.md -[changelog]: topics/changelog.md +[rest-framework-2-announcement]: topics/rest-framework-2-announcement.md +[release-notes]: topics/release-notes.md [credits]: topics/credits.md [group]: https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/django-rest-framework [DabApps]: http://dabapps.com -[email]: mailto:tom@tomchristie.com \ No newline at end of file +[email]: mailto:tom@tomchristie.com diff --git a/docs/template.html b/docs/template.html index 016de151a..94fc269f4 100644 --- a/docs/template.html +++ b/docs/template.html @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ - + + Django REST framework @@ -17,6 +18,21 @@ + + +
@@ -24,7 +40,7 @@
- GitHub + GitHub @@ -37,13 +53,12 @@
  • Tutorial
  • @@ -72,13 +87,11 @@
  • Topics
    • diff --git a/docs/topics/browsable-api.md b/docs/topics/browsable-api.md index ed27752f8..9fe82e696 100644 --- a/docs/topics/browsable-api.md +++ b/docs/topics/browsable-api.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ -# Working with the Browsable API +# The Browsable API + +> It is a profoundly erroneous truism... that we should cultivate the habit of thinking of what we are doing. The precise opposite is the case. Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking about them. +> +> — [Alfred North Whitehead][cite], An Introduction to Mathematics (1911) + API may stand for Application *Programming* Interface, but humans have to be able to read the APIs, too; someone has to do the programming. Django REST Framework supports generating human-friendly HTML output for each resource when the `HTML` format is requested. These pages allow for easy browsing of resources, as well as forms for submitting data to the resources using `POST`, `PUT`, and `DELETE`. @@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ The context that's available to the template: For more advanced customization, such as not having a Bootstrap basis or tighter integration with the rest of your site, you can simply choose not to have `api.html` extend `base.html`. Then the page content and capabilities are entirely up to you. - +[cite]: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead [drfreverse]: ../api-guide/reverse.md [ffjsonview]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/jsonview/ [chromejsonview]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chklaanhfefbnpoihckbnefhakgolnmc diff --git a/docs/topics/browser-enhancements.md b/docs/topics/browser-enhancements.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a11f0fac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/topics/browser-enhancements.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +# Browser enhancements + +> "There are two noncontroversial uses for overloaded POST. The first is to *simulate* HTTP's uniform interface for clients like web browsers that don't support PUT or DELETE" +> +> — [RESTful Web Services][cite], Leonard Richardson & Sam Ruby. + +## Browser based PUT, DELETE, etc... + +REST framework supports browser-based `PUT`, `DELETE` and other methods, by +overloading `POST` requests using a hidden form field. + +Note that this is the same strategy as is used in [Ruby on Rails][rails]. + +For example, given the following form: + +
    + +
    + +`request.method` would return `"DELETE"`. + +## Browser based submission of non-form content + +Browser-based submission of content types other than form are supported by +using form fields named `_content` and `_content_type`: + +For example, given the following form: + +
    + + +
    + +`request.content_type` would return `"application/json"`, and +`request.stream` would return `"{'count': 1}"` + +## URL based accept headers + +REST framework can take `?accept=application/json` style URL parameters, +which allow the `Accept` header to be overridden. + +This can be useful for testing the API from a web browser, where you don't +have any control over what is sent in the `Accept` header. + +## URL based format suffixes + +REST framework can take `?format=json` style URL parameters, which can be a +useful shortcut for determing which content type should be returned from +the view. + +This is a more concise than using the `accept` override, but it also gives +you less control. (For example you can't specify any media type parameters) + +## Doesn't HTML5 support PUT and DELETE forms? + +Nope. It was at one point intended to support `PUT` and `DELETE` forms, but +was later [dropped from the spec][html5]. There remains +[ongoing discussion][put_delete] about adding support for `PUT` and `DELETE`, +as well as how to support content types other than form-encoded data. + +[cite]: http://www.amazon.com/Restful-Web-Services-Leonard-Richardson/dp/0596529260 +[rails]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html#how-do-forms-with-put-or-delete-methods-work +[html5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/#changes-2010-06-24 +[put_delete]: http://amundsen.com/examples/put-delete-forms/ diff --git a/docs/topics/browserhacks.md b/docs/topics/browserhacks.md deleted file mode 100644 index 96cb13881..000000000 --- a/docs/topics/browserhacks.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -# Browser hacks - -> "There are two noncontroversial uses for overloaded POST. The first is to *simulate* HTTP's uniform interface for clients like web browsers that don't support PUT or DELETE" -> -> — [RESTful Web Services](1), Leonard Richardson & Sam Ruby. - -## Browser based PUT, DELETE, etc... - -**TODO: Preamble.** Note that this is the same strategy as is used in [Ruby on Rails](2). - -For example, given the following form: - -
    - -
    - -`request.method` would return `"DELETE"`. - -## Browser based submission of non-form content - -Browser-based submission of content types other than form are supported by using form fields named `_content` and `_content_type`: - -For example, given the following form: - -
    - - -
    - -`request.content_type` would return `"application/json"`, and `request.content` would return `"{'count': 1}"` - -## URL based accept headers - -## URL based format suffixes - -## Doesn't HTML5 support PUT and DELETE forms? - -Nope. It was at one point intended to support `PUT` and `DELETE` forms, but was later [dropped from the spec](3). There remains [ongoing discussion](4) about adding support for `PUT` and `DELETE`, as well as how to support content types other than form-encoded data. - -[1]: http://www.amazon.com/Restful-Web-Services-Leonard-Richardson/dp/0596529260 -[2]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html#how-do-forms-with-put-or-delete-methods-work -[3]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/#changes-2010-06-24 -[4]: http://amundsen.com/examples/put-delete-forms/ diff --git a/docs/topics/credits.md b/docs/topics/credits.md index 539fa09e8..a74f79838 100644 --- a/docs/topics/credits.md +++ b/docs/topics/credits.md @@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ The following people have helped make REST framework great. * Jamie Matthews - [j4mie] * Mattbo - [mattbo] * Max Hurl - [maximilianhurl] +* Tomi Pajunen - [eofs] +* Rob Dobson - [rdobson] +* Daniel Vaca Araujo - [diviei] +* Madis Väin - [madisvain] +* Stephan Groß - [minddust] +* Pavel Savchenko - [asfaltboy] Many thanks to everyone who's contributed to the project. @@ -57,6 +63,8 @@ Project hosting is with [GitHub]. Continuous integration testing is managed with [Travis CI][travis-ci]. +The [live sandbox][sandbox] is hosted on [Heroku]. + Various inspiration taken from the [Piston], [Tastypie] and [Dagny] projects. Development of REST framework 2.0 was sponsored by [DabApps]. @@ -78,6 +86,8 @@ To contact the author directly: [tastypie]: https://github.com/toastdriven/django-tastypie [dagny]: https://github.com/zacharyvoase/dagny [dabapps]: http://lab.dabapps.com +[sandbox]: http://restframework.herokuapp.com/ +[heroku]: http://www.heroku.com/ [tomchristie]: https://github.com/tomchristie [markotibold]: https://github.com/markotibold @@ -122,4 +132,10 @@ To contact the author directly: [cyberj]: https://github.com/cyberj [j4mie]: https://github.com/j4mie [mattbo]: https://github.com/mattbo -[maximilianhurl]: https://github.com/maximilianhurl \ No newline at end of file +[maximilianhurl]: https://github.com/maximilianhurl +[eofs]: https://github.com/eofs +[rdobson]: https://github.com/rdobson +[diviei]: https://github.com/diviei +[madisvain]: https://github.com/madisvain +[minddust]: https://github.com/minddust +[asfaltboy]: https://github.com/asfaltboy diff --git a/docs/topics/csrf.md b/docs/topics/csrf.md index a2ee1b9c6..043144c1b 100644 --- a/docs/topics/csrf.md +++ b/docs/topics/csrf.md @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ > — [Jeff Atwood][cite] * Explain need to add CSRF token to AJAX requests. -* Explain defered CSRF style used by REST framework +* Explain deferred CSRF style used by REST framework * Why you should use Django's standard login/logout views, and not REST framework view -[cite]: http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2008/10/preventing-csrf-and-xsrf-attacks.html \ No newline at end of file +[cite]: http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2008/10/preventing-csrf-and-xsrf-attacks.html diff --git a/docs/topics/migration.md b/docs/topics/migration.md index f6a301b83..25fc90741 100644 --- a/docs/topics/migration.md +++ b/docs/topics/migration.md @@ -1,5 +1,9 @@ # 2.0 Migration Guide +> Move fast and break things +> +> — Mark Zuckerberg, [the Hacker Way][cite]. + REST framework 2.0 introduces a radical redesign of the core components, and a large number of backwards breaking changes. ### Serialization redesign. @@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ REST framework 2.0's request-response cycle is now much less complex. * Responses inherit from `SimpleTemplateResponse`, allowing rendering to be delegated to the response, not handled by the view. * Requests extend the regular `HttpRequest`, allowing authentication and parsing to be delegated to the request, not handled by the view. -### Renamed attribnutes & classes. +### Renamed attributes & classes. Various attributes and classes have been renamed in order to fit in better with Django's conventions. @@ -82,4 +86,4 @@ Let's start to re-write this for REST framework 2.0. model = Comment fields = ('username', 'comment', 'created', 'rating', 'url', 'blogpost') - +[cite]: http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuck-letter/ diff --git a/docs/topics/changelog.md b/docs/topics/release-notes.md similarity index 91% rename from docs/topics/changelog.md rename to docs/topics/release-notes.md index 15fb63014..b336aeab9 100644 --- a/docs/topics/changelog.md +++ b/docs/topics/release-notes.md @@ -1,8 +1,16 @@ -# Change Log +# Release Notes + +> Release Early, Release Often +> +> — Eric S. Raymond, [The Cathedral and the Bazaar][cite]. + +## Master + +* If PUT creates an instance return '201 Created', instead of '200 OK'. ## 2.0.0 -* **Fix all of the things.** +* **Fix all of the things.** (Well, almost.) * For more information please see the [2.0 migration guide][migration]. --- @@ -108,4 +116,5 @@ * Initial release. +[cite]: http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ar01s04.html [migration]: migration.md \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/topics/rest-framework-2-announcement.md b/docs/topics/rest-framework-2-announcement.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..885d19182 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/topics/rest-framework-2-announcement.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +# Django REST framework 2 + +What it is, and why you should care. + +> Most people just make the mistake that it should be simple to design simple things. In reality, the effort required to design something is inversely proportional to the simplicity of the result. +> +> — [Roy Fielding][cite] + +--- + +**Announcement:** REST framework 2 released - Tue 30th Oct 2012 + +--- + +REST framework 2 is an almost complete reworking of the original framework, which comprehensively addresses some of the original design issues. + +Because the latest version should be considered a re-release, rather than an incremental improvement, we've skipped a version, and called this release Django REST framework 2.0. + +This article is intended to give you a flavor of what REST framework 2 is, and why you might want to give it a try. + +## User feedback + +Before we get cracking, let's start with the hard sell, with a few bits of feedback from some early adopters… + +"Django REST framework 2 is beautiful. Some of the API design is worthy of @kennethreitz." - [Kit La Touche][quote1] + +"Since it's pretty much just Django, controlling things like URLs has been a breeze... I think [REST framework 2] has definitely got the right approach here; even simple things like being able to override a function called post to do custom work during rather than having to intimately know what happens during a post make a huge difference to your productivity." - [Ian Strachan][quote2] + +"I switched to the 2.0 branch and I don't regret it - fully refactored my code in another ½ day and it's *much* more to my tastes" - [Bruno Desthuilliers][quote3] + +Sounds good, right? Let's get into some details... + +## Serialization + +REST framework 2 includes a totally re-worked serialization engine, that was initially intended as a replacement for Django's existing inflexible fixture serialization, and which meets the following design goals: + +* A declarative serialization API, that mirrors Django's `Forms`/`ModelForms` API. +* Structural concerns are decoupled from encoding concerns. +* Able to support rendering and parsing to many formats, including both machine-readable representations and HTML forms. +* Validation that can be mapped to obvious and comprehensive error responses. +* Serializers that support both nested, flat, and partially-nested representations. +* Relationships that can be expressed as primary keys, hyperlinks, slug fields, and other custom representations. + +Mapping between the internal state of the system and external representations of that state is the core concern of building Web APIs. Designing serializers that allow the developer to do so in a flexible and obvious way is a deceptively difficult design task, and with the new serialization API we think we've pretty much nailed it. + +## Generic views + +When REST framework was initially released at the start of 2011, the current Django release was version 1.2. REST framework included a backport of Django 1.3's upcoming `View` class, but it didn't take full advantage of the generic view implementations. + +With the new release the generic views in REST framework now tie in with Django's generic views. The end result is that framework is clean, lightweight and easy to use. + +## Requests, Responses & Views + +REST framework 2 includes `Request` and `Response` classes, than are used in place of Django's existing `HttpRequest` and `HttpResponse` classes. Doing so allows logic such as parsing the incoming request or rendering the outgoing response to be supported transparently by the framework. + +The `Request`/`Response` approach leads to a much cleaner API, less logic in the view itself, and a simple, obvious request-response cycle. + +REST framework 2 also allows you to work with both function-based and class-based views. For simple API views all you need is a single `@api_view` decorator, and you're good to go. + + +## API Design + +Pretty much every aspect of REST framework has been reworked, with the aim of ironing out some of the design flaws of the previous versions. Each of the components of REST framework are cleanly decoupled, and can be used independantly of each-other, and there are no monolithic resource classes, overcomplicated mixin combinations, or opinionated serialization or URL routing decisions. + +## The Browseable API + +Django REST framework's most unique feature is the way it is able to serve up both machine-readable representations, and a fully browsable HTML representation to the same endpoints. + +Browseable Web APIs are easier to work with, visualize and debug, and generally makes it easier and more frictionless to inspect and work with. + +With REST framework 2, the browseable API gets a snazzy new bootstrap-based theme that looks great and is even nicer to work with. + +There are also some functionality improvments - actions such as as `POST` and `DELETE` will only display if the user has the appropriate permissions. + +![Browseable API][image] + +**Image above**: An example of the browseable API in REST framework 2 + +## Documentation + +As you can see the documentation for REST framework has been radically improved. It gets a completely new style, using markdown for the documentation source, and a bootstrap-based theme for the styling. + +We're really pleased with how the docs style looks - it's simple and clean, is easy to navigate around, and we think it reads great. + +## Summary + +In short, we've engineered the hell outta this thing, and we're incredibly proud of the result. + +If you're interested please take a browse around the documentation. [The tutorial][tut] is a great place to get started. + +There's also a [live sandbox version of the tutorial API][sandbox] available for testing. + +[cite]: http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven#comment-724 +[quote1]: https://twitter.com/kobutsu/status/261689665952833536 +[quote2]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/django-rest-framework/heRGHzG6BWQ/ooVURgpwVC0J +[quote3]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/django-rest-framework/flsXbvYqRoY/9lSyntOf5cUJ +[image]: ../img/quickstart.png +[readthedocs]: https://readthedocs.org/ +[tut]: ../tutorial/1-serialization.md +[sandbox]: http://restframework.herokuapp.com/ diff --git a/docs/topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas.md b/docs/topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas.md index b58dfcb70..d76468922 100644 --- a/docs/topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas.md +++ b/docs/topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ > > — Mike Amundsen, [REST fest 2012 keynote][cite]. -First off, the disclaimer. The name "Django REST framework" was choosen simply to sure the project would be easily found by developers. Throughout the documentation we try to use the more simple and technically correct terminology of "Web APIs". +First off, the disclaimer. The name "Django REST framework" was chosen simply to sure the project would be easily found by developers. Throughout the documentation we try to use the more simple and technically correct terminology of "Web APIs". If you are serious about designing a Hypermedia APIs, you should look to resources outside of this documentation to help inform your design choices. @@ -22,17 +22,17 @@ For a more thorough background, check out Klabnik's [Hypermedia API reading list ## Building Hypermedia APIs with REST framework -REST framework is an agnositic Web API toolkit. It does help guide you towards building well-connected APIs, and makes it easy to design appropriate media types, but it does not strictly enforce any particular design style. +REST framework is an agnostic Web API toolkit. It does help guide you towards building well-connected APIs, and makes it easy to design appropriate media types, but it does not strictly enforce any particular design style. -### What REST framework *does* provide. +## What REST framework provides. It is self evident that REST framework makes it possible to build Hypermedia APIs. The browseable API that it offers is built on HTML - the hypermedia language of the web. REST framework also includes [serialization] and [parser]/[renderer] components that make it easy to build appropriate media types, [hyperlinked relations][fields] for building well-connected systems, and great support for [content negotiation][conneg]. -### What REST framework *doesn't* provide. +## What REST framework doesn't provide. -What REST framework doesn't do is give you is machine readable hypermedia formats such as [Collection+JSON][collection] or HTML [microformats] by default, or the ability to auto-magically create fully HATEOAS style APIs that include form descriptions, and semantically labelled hyperlinks. Doing so would involve making opinionated choices about API design that should really remain outside of the framework's scope. +What REST framework doesn't do is give you is machine readable hypermedia formats such as [Collection+JSON][collection] or HTML [microformats] by default, or the ability to auto-magically create fully HATEOAS style APIs that include hypermedia-based form descriptions and semantically labelled hyperlinks. Doing so would involve making opinionated choices about API design that should really remain outside of the framework's scope. [cite]: http://vimeo.com/channels/restfest/page:2 [dissertation]: http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm @@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ What REST framework doesn't do is give you is machine readable hypermedia format [parser]: ../api-guide/parsers.md [renderer]: ../api-guide/renderers.md [fields]: ../api-guide/fields.md -[conneg]: ../api-guide/content-negotiation.md \ No newline at end of file +[conneg]: ../api-guide/content-negotiation.md diff --git a/docs/tutorial/1-serialization.md b/docs/tutorial/1-serialization.md index e21433ba3..316a3c255 100644 --- a/docs/tutorial/1-serialization.md +++ b/docs/tutorial/1-serialization.md @@ -2,7 +2,15 @@ ## Introduction -This tutorial will walk you through the building blocks that make up REST framework. It'll take a little while to get through, but it'll give you a comprehensive understanding of how everything fits together. +This tutorial will cover creating a simple pastebin code highlighting Web API. Along the way it will introduce the various components that make up REST framework, and give you a comprehensive understanding of how everything fits together. + +The tutorial is fairly in-depth, so you should probably get a cookie and a cup of your favorite brew before getting started. + +--- + +**Note**: The final code for this tutorial is available in the [tomchristie/rest-framework-tutorial][repo] repository on GitHub. There is also a sandbox version for testing, [available here][sandbox]. + +--- ## Setting up a new environment @@ -10,13 +18,14 @@ Before we do anything else we'll create a new virtual environment, using [virtua :::bash mkdir ~/env - virtualenv --no-site-packages ~/env/tutorial + virtualenv ~/env/tutorial source ~/env/tutorial/bin/activate Now that we're inside a virtualenv environment, we can install our package requirements. pip install django pip install djangorestframework + pip install pygments # We'll be using this for the code highlighting **Note:** To exit the virtualenv environment at any time, just type `deactivate`. For more information see the [virtualenv documentation][virtualenv]. @@ -30,8 +39,9 @@ To get started, let's create a new project to work with. cd tutorial Once that's done we can create an app that we'll use to create a simple Web API. +We're going to create a project that - python manage.py startapp blog + python manage.py startapp snippets The simplest way to get up and running will probably be to use an `sqlite3` database for the tutorial. Edit the `tutorial/settings.py` file, and set the default database `"ENGINE"` to `"sqlite3"`, and `"NAME"` to `"tmp.db"`. @@ -46,32 +56,48 @@ The simplest way to get up and running will probably be to use an `sqlite3` data } } -We'll also need to add our new `blog` app and the `rest_framework` app to `INSTALLED_APPS`. +We'll also need to add our new `snippets` app and the `rest_framework` app to `INSTALLED_APPS`. INSTALLED_APPS = ( ... 'rest_framework', - 'blog' + 'snippets' ) -We also need to wire up the root urlconf, in the `tutorial/urls.py` file, to include our blog views. +We also need to wire up the root urlconf, in the `tutorial/urls.py` file, to include our snippet views. urlpatterns = patterns('', - url(r'^', include('blog.urls')), + url(r'^', include('snippets.urls')), ) Okay, we're ready to roll. ## Creating a model to work with -For the purposes of this tutorial we're going to start by creating a simple `Comment` model that is used to store comments against a blog post. Go ahead and edit the `blog` app's `models.py` file. +For the purposes of this tutorial we're going to start by creating a simple `Snippet` model that is used to store code snippets. Go ahead and edit the `snippets` app's `models.py` file. from django.db import models - - class Comment(models.Model): - email = models.EmailField() - content = models.CharField(max_length=200) + from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers + from pygments.styles import get_all_styles + + LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in get_all_lexers()]) + STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in list(get_all_styles())) + + + class Snippet(models.Model): created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) + title = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='') + code = models.TextField() + linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False) + language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, + default='python', + max_length=100) + style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, + default='friendly', + max_length=100) + + class Meta: + ordering = ('created',) Don't forget to sync the database for the first time. @@ -79,28 +105,40 @@ Don't forget to sync the database for the first time. ## Creating a Serializer class -We're going to create a simple Web API that we can use to edit these comment objects with. The first thing we need is a way of serializing and deserializing the objects into representations such as `json`. We do this by declaring serializers that work very similarly to Django's forms. Create a file in the `blog` directory named `serializers.py` and add the following. +The first thing we need to get started on our Web API is provide a way of serializing and deserializing the snippet instances into representations such as `json`. We can do this by declaring serializers that work very similarly to Django's forms. Create a file in the `snippets` directory named `serializers.py` and add the following. - from blog import models + from django.forms import widgets from rest_framework import serializers + from snippets import models - class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer): - id = serializers.IntegerField(readonly=True) - email = serializers.EmailField() - content = serializers.CharField(max_length=200) - created = serializers.DateTimeField(readonly=True) - + class SnippetSerializer(serializers.Serializer): + pk = serializers.Field() # Note: `Field` is an untyped read-only field. + title = serializers.CharField(required=False, + max_length=100) + code = serializers.CharField(widget=widgets.Textarea, + max_length=100000) + linenos = serializers.BooleanField(required=False) + language = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=models.LANGUAGE_CHOICES, + default='python') + style = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=models.STYLE_CHOICES, + default='friendly') + def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None): """ - Create or update a new comment instance. + Create or update a new snippet instance. """ if instance: - instance.email = attrs['email'] - instance.content = attrs['content'] - instance.created = attrs['created'] + # Update existing instance + instance.title = attrs['title'] + instance.code = attrs['code'] + instance.linenos = attrs['linenos'] + instance.language = attrs['language'] + instance.style = attrs['style'] return instance - return models.Comment(**attrs) + + # Create new instance + return models.Snippet(**attrs) The first part of serializer class defines the fields that get serialized/deserialized. The `restore_object` method defines how fully fledged instances get created when deserializing data. @@ -112,133 +150,146 @@ Before we go any further we'll familiarise ourselves with using our new Serializ python manage.py shell -Okay, once we've got a few imports out of the way, we'd better create a few comments to work with. +Okay, once we've got a few imports out of the way, let's create a code snippet to work with. - from blog.models import Comment - from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer + from snippets.models import Snippet + from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser - c1 = Comment(email='leila@example.com', content='nothing to say') - c2 = Comment(email='tom@example.com', content='foo bar') - c3 = Comment(email='anna@example.com', content='LOLZ!') - c1.save() - c2.save() - c3.save() + snippet = Snippet(code='print "hello, world"\n') + snippet.save() -We've now got a few comment instances to play with. Let's take a look at serializing one of those instances. +We've now got a few snippet instances to play with. Let's take a look at serializing one of those instances. - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=c1) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippet) serializer.data - # {'id': 1, 'email': u'leila@example.com', 'content': u'nothing to say', 'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 22, 16, 20, 9, 822774, tzinfo=)} + # {'pk': 1, 'title': u'', 'code': u'print "hello, world"\n', 'linenos': False, 'language': u'python', 'style': u'friendly'} At this point we've translated the model instance into python native datatypes. To finalise the serialization process we render the data into `json`. - stream = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data) - stream - # '{"id": 1, "email": "leila@example.com", "content": "nothing to say", "created": "2012-08-22T16:20:09.822"}' + content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data) + content + # '{"pk": 1, "title": "", "code": "print \\"hello, world\\"\\n", "linenos": false, "language": "python", "style": "friendly"}' Deserialization is similar. First we parse a stream into python native datatypes... + import StringIO + + stream = StringIO.StringIO(content) data = JSONParser().parse(stream) ...then we restore those native datatypes into to a fully populated object instance. - serializer = CommentSerializer(data) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(data) serializer.is_valid() # True serializer.object - # + # Notice how similar the API is to working with forms. The similarity should become even more apparent when we start writing views that use our serializer. -## Writing regular Django views using our Serializers +## Using ModelSerializers + +Our `SnippetSerializer` class is replicating a lot of information that's also contained in the `Snippet` model. It would be nice if we could keep out code a bit more concise. + +In the same way that Django provides both `Form` classes and `ModelForm` classes, REST framework includes both `Serializer` classes, and `ModelSerializer` classes. + +Let's look at refactoring our serializer using the `ModelSerializer` class. +Open the file `snippets/serializers.py` again, and edit the `SnippetSerializer` class. + + class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): + class Meta: + model = Snippet + fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style') + + + +## Writing regular Django views using our Serializer Let's see how we can write some API views using our new Serializer class. +For the moment we won't use any of REST framework's other features, we'll just write the views as regular Django views. + We'll start off by creating a subclass of HttpResponse that we can use to render any data we return into `json`. -Edit the `blog/views.py` file, and add the following. +Edit the `snippet/views.py` file, and add the following. - from blog.models import Comment - from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser - + from snippets.models import Snippet + from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer class JSONResponse(HttpResponse): """ An HttpResponse that renders it's content into JSON. """ - def __init__(self, data, **kwargs): content = JSONRenderer().render(data) kwargs['content_type'] = 'application/json' super(JSONResponse, self).__init__(content, **kwargs) -The root of our API is going to be a view that supports listing all the existing comments, or creating a new comment. +The root of our API is going to be a view that supports listing all the existing snippets, or creating a new snippet. @csrf_exempt - def comment_root(request): + def snippet_list(request): """ - List all comments, or create a new comment. + List all code snippets, or create a new snippet. """ if request.method == 'GET': - comments = Comment.objects.all() - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comments) + snippets = Snippet.objects.all() + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippets) return JSONResponse(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'POST': data = JSONParser().parse(request) - serializer = CommentSerializer(data) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(data) if serializer.is_valid(): - comment = serializer.object - comment.save() + serializer.save() return JSONResponse(serializer.data, status=201) else: return JSONResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) Note that because we want to be able to POST to this view from clients that won't have a CSRF token we need to mark the view as `csrf_exempt`. This isn't something that you'd normally want to do, and REST framework views actually use more sensible behavior than this, but it'll do for our purposes right now. -We'll also need a view which corresponds to an individual comment, and can be used to retrieve, update or delete the comment. +We'll also need a view which corresponds to an individual snippet, and can be used to retrieve, update or delete the snippet. @csrf_exempt - def comment_instance(request, pk): + def snippet_detail(request, pk): """ - Retrieve, update or delete a comment instance. + Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet. """ try: - comment = Comment.objects.get(pk=pk) - except Comment.DoesNotExist: + snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) + except Snippet.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) if request.method == 'GET': - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comment) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippet) return JSONResponse(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'PUT': data = JSONParser().parse(request) - serializer = CommentSerializer(data, instance=comment) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(data, instance=snippet) if serializer.is_valid(): - comment = serializer.object - comment.save() + serializer.save() return JSONResponse(serializer.data) else: return JSONResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) elif request.method == 'DELETE': - comment.delete() + snippet.delete() return HttpResponse(status=204) -Finally we need to wire these views up. Create the `blog/urls.py` file: +Finally we need to wire these views up. Create the `snippets/urls.py` file: from django.conf.urls import patterns, url - urlpatterns = patterns('blog.views', - url(r'^$', 'comment_root'), - url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', 'comment_instance') + urlpatterns = patterns('snippets.views', + url(r'^snippets/$', 'snippet_list'), + url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/$', 'snippet_detail') ) It's worth noting that there's a couple of edge cases we're not dealing with properly at the moment. If we send malformed `json`, or if a request is made with a method that the view doesn't handle, then we'll end up with a 500 "server error" response. Still, this'll do for now. @@ -257,5 +308,8 @@ Our API views don't do anything particularly special at the moment, beyond serve We'll see how we can start to improve things in [part 2 of the tutorial][tut-2]. +[quickstart]: quickstart.md +[repo]: https://github.com/tomchristie/rest-framework-tutorial +[sandbox]: http://restframework.herokuapp.com/ [virtualenv]: http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/index.html [tut-2]: 2-requests-and-responses.md diff --git a/docs/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses.md b/docs/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses.md index 7c8fc0440..a7c23cba6 100644 --- a/docs/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses.md +++ b/docs/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Let's introduce a couple of essential building blocks. ## Request objects -REST framework intoduces a `Request` object that extends the regular `HttpRequest`, and provides more flexible request parsing. The core functionality of the `Request` object is the `request.DATA` attribute, which is similar to `request.POST`, but more useful for working with Web APIs. +REST framework introduces a `Request` object that extends the regular `HttpRequest`, and provides more flexible request parsing. The core functionality of the `Request` object is the `request.DATA` attribute, which is similar to `request.POST`, but more useful for working with Web APIs. request.POST # Only handles form data. Only works for 'POST' method. request.DATA # Handles arbitrary data. Works any HTTP request with content. @@ -38,27 +38,27 @@ Okay, let's go ahead and start using these new components to write a few views. We don't need our `JSONResponse` class anymore, so go ahead and delete that. Once that's done we can start refactoring our views slightly. - from blog.models import Comment - from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer from rest_framework import status from rest_framework.decorators import api_view from rest_framework.response import Response + from snippet.models import Snippet + from snippet.serializers import SnippetSerializer + @api_view(['GET', 'POST']) - def comment_root(request): + def snippet_list(request): """ - List all comments, or create a new comment. + List all snippets, or create a new snippet. """ if request.method == 'GET': - comments = Comment.objects.all() - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comments) + snippets = Snippet.objects.all() + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippets) return Response(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'POST': - serializer = CommentSerializer(request.DATA) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(request.DATA) if serializer.is_valid(): - comment = serializer.object - comment.save() + serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) else: return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) @@ -67,30 +67,29 @@ We don't need our `JSONResponse` class anymore, so go ahead and delete that. On Our instance view is an improvement over the previous example. It's a little more concise, and the code now feels very similar to if we were working with the Forms API. We're also using named status codes, which makes the response meanings more obvious. @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE']) - def comment_instance(request, pk): + def snippet_detail(request, pk): """ - Retrieve, update or delete a comment instance. + Retrieve, update or delete a snippet instance. """ try: - comment = Comment.objects.get(pk=pk) - except Comment.DoesNotExist: + snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) + except Snippet.DoesNotExist: return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) if request.method == 'GET': - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comment) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippet) return Response(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'PUT': - serializer = CommentSerializer(request.DATA, instance=comment) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(request.DATA, instance=snippet) if serializer.is_valid(): - comment = serializer.object - comment.save() + serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data) else: return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) elif request.method == 'DELETE': - comment.delete() + snippet.delete() return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) This should all feel very familiar - there's not a lot different to working with regular Django views. @@ -103,20 +102,20 @@ To take advantage of the fact that our responses are no longer hardwired to a si Start by adding a `format` keyword argument to both of the views, like so. - def comment_root(request, format=None): + def snippet_list(request, format=None): and - def comment_instance(request, pk, format=None): + def snippet_detail(request, pk, format=None): Now update the `urls.py` file slightly, to append a set of `format_suffix_patterns` in addition to the existing URLs. from django.conf.urls import patterns, url from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns - urlpatterns = patterns('blog.views', - url(r'^$', 'comment_root'), - url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', 'comment_instance') + urlpatterns = patterns('snippet.views', + url(r'^snippets/$', 'snippet_list'), + url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)$', 'snippet_detail') ) urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns) @@ -129,9 +128,7 @@ Go ahead and test the API from the command line, as we did in [tutorial part 1][ **TODO: Describe using accept headers, content-type headers, and format suffixed URLs** -Now go and open the API in a web browser, by visiting [http://127.0.0.1:8000/][devserver]." - -**Note: Right now the Browseable API only works with the CBV's. Need to fix that.** +Now go and open the API in a web browser, by visiting [http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/][devserver]." ### Browsability @@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ See the [browsable api][browseable-api] topic for more information about the bro In [tutorial part 3][tut-3], we'll start using class based views, and see how generic views reduce the amount of code we need to write. [json-url]: http://example.com/api/items/4.json -[devserver]: http://127.0.0.1:8000/ +[devserver]: http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/ [browseable-api]: ../topics/browsable-api.md [tut-1]: 1-serialization.md [tut-3]: 3-class-based-views.md diff --git a/docs/tutorial/3-class-based-views.md b/docs/tutorial/3-class-based-views.md index 2f2733647..a31dccb2f 100644 --- a/docs/tutorial/3-class-based-views.md +++ b/docs/tutorial/3-class-based-views.md @@ -6,61 +6,58 @@ We can also write our API views using class based views, rather than function ba We'll start by rewriting the root view as a class based view. All this involves is a little bit of refactoring. - from blog.models import Comment - from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer + from snippet.models import Snippet + from snippet.serializers import SnippetSerializer from django.http import Http404 from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import status - class CommentRoot(APIView): + class SnippetList(APIView): """ - List all comments, or create a new comment. + List all snippets, or create a new snippet. """ def get(self, request, format=None): - comments = Comment.objects.all() - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comments) + snippets = Snippet.objects.all() + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippets) return Response(serializer.data) def post(self, request, format=None): - serializer = CommentSerializer(request.DATA) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(request.DATA) if serializer.is_valid(): - comment = serializer.object - comment.save() + serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) So far, so good. It looks pretty similar to the previous case, but we've got better separation between the different HTTP methods. We'll also need to update the instance view. - class CommentInstance(APIView): + class SnippetDetail(APIView): """ - Retrieve, update or delete a comment instance. + Retrieve, update or delete a snippet instance. """ - def get_object(self, pk): try: - return Comment.objects.get(pk=pk) - except Comment.DoesNotExist: + return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) + except Snippet.DoesNotExist: raise Http404 def get(self, request, pk, format=None): - comment = self.get_object(pk) - serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comment) + snippet = self.get_object(pk) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(instance=snippet) return Response(serializer.data) def put(self, request, pk, format=None): - comment = self.get_object(pk) - serializer = CommentSerializer(request.DATA, instance=comment) + snippet = self.get_object(pk) + serializer = SnippetSerializer(request.DATA, instance=snippet) if serializer.is_valid(): - comment = serializer.object - comment.save() + serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) def delete(self, request, pk, format=None): - comment = self.get_object(pk) - comment.delete() + snippet = self.get_object(pk) + snippet.delete() return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) That's looking good. Again, it's still pretty similar to the function based view right now. @@ -69,11 +66,11 @@ We'll also need to refactor our URLconf slightly now we're using class based vie from django.conf.urls import patterns, url from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns - from blogpost import views + from snippetpost import views urlpatterns = patterns('', - url(r'^$', views.CommentRoot.as_view()), - url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', views.CommentInstance.as_view()) + url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()), + url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()) ) urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns) @@ -88,16 +85,16 @@ The create/retrieve/update/delete operations that we've been using so far are go Let's take a look at how we can compose our views by using the mixin classes. - from blog.models import Comment - from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer + from snippet.models import Snippet + from snippet.serializers import SnippetSerializer from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics - class CommentRoot(mixins.ListModelMixin, + class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.MultipleObjectBaseView): - model = Comment - serializer_class = CommentSerializer + model = Snippet + serializer_class = SnippetSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) @@ -107,14 +104,14 @@ Let's take a look at how we can compose our views by using the mixin classes. We'll take a moment to examine exactly what's happening here - We're building our view using `MultipleObjectBaseView`, and adding in `ListModelMixin` and `CreateModelMixin`. -The base class provides the core functionality, and the mixin classes provide the `.list()` and `.create()` actions. We're then explictly binding the `get` and `post` methods to the appropriate actions. Simple enough stuff so far. +The base class provides the core functionality, and the mixin classes provide the `.list()` and `.create()` actions. We're then explicitly binding the `get` and `post` methods to the appropriate actions. Simple enough stuff so far. - class CommentInstance(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, - mixins.UpdateModelMixin, - mixins.DestroyModelMixin, - generics.SingleObjectBaseView): - model = Comment - serializer_class = CommentSerializer + class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, + mixins.UpdateModelMixin, + mixins.DestroyModelMixin, + generics.SingleObjectBaseView): + model = Snippet + serializer_class = SnippetSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) @@ -131,23 +128,23 @@ Pretty similar. This time we're using the `SingleObjectBaseView` class to provi Using the mixin classes we've rewritten the views to use slightly less code than before, but we can go one step further. REST framework provides a set of already mixed-in generic views that we can use. - from blog.models import Comment - from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer + from snippet.models import Snippet + from snippet.serializers import SnippetSerializer from rest_framework import generics - class CommentRoot(generics.ListCreateAPIView): - model = Comment - serializer_class = CommentSerializer + class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView): + model = Snippet + serializer_class = SnippetSerializer - class CommentInstance(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): - model = Comment - serializer_class = CommentSerializer + class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): + model = Snippet + serializer_class = SnippetSerializer Wow, that's pretty concise. We've got a huge amount for free, and our code looks like good, clean, idiomatic Django. -Next we'll move onto [part 4 of the tutorial][tut-4], where we'll take a look at how we can customize the behavior of our views to support a range of authentication, permissions, throttling and other aspects. +Next we'll move onto [part 4 of the tutorial][tut-4], where we'll take a look at how we can deal with authentication and permissions for our API. [dry]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_repeat_yourself -[tut-4]: 4-authentication-permissions-and-throttling.md +[tut-4]: 4-authentication-and-permissions.md diff --git a/docs/tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions.md b/docs/tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f85250bea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions.md @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +# Tutorial 4: Authentication & Permissions + +Currently our API doesn't have any restrictions on who can edit or delete code snippets. We'd like to have some more advanced behavior in order to make sure that: + +* Code snippets are always associated with a creator. +* Only authenticated users may create snippets. +* Only the creator of a snippet may update or delete it. +* Unauthenticated requests should have full read-only access. + +## Adding information to our model + +We're going to make a couple of changes to our `Snippet` model class. +First, let's add a couple of fields. One of those fields will be used to represent the user who created the code snippet. The other field will be used to store the highlighted HTML representation of the code. + +Add the following two fields to the model. + + owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='snippets') + highlighted = models.TextField() + +We'd also need to make sure that when the model is saved, that we populate the highlighted field, using the `pygments` code higlighting library. + +We'll need some extra imports: + + from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name + from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter + from pygments import highlight + +And now we can add a `.save()` method to our model class: + + def save(self, *args, **kwargs): + """ + Use the `pygments` library to create an highlighted HTML + representation of the code snippet. + """ + lexer = get_lexer_by_name(self.language) + linenos = self.linenos and 'table' or False + options = self.title and {'title': self.title} or {} + formatter = HtmlFormatter(style=self.style, linenos=linenos, + full=True, **options) + self.highlighted = highlight(self.code, lexer, formatter) + super(Snippet, self).save(*args, **kwargs) + +When that's all done we'll need to update our database tables. +Normally we'd create a database migration in order to do that, but for the purposes of this tutorial, let's just delete the database and start again. + + rm tmp.db + python ./manage.py syncdb + +You might also want to create a few different users, to use for testing the API. The quickest way to do this will be with the `createsuperuser` command. + + python ./manage.py createsuperuser + +## Adding endpoints for our User models + +Now that we've got some users to work with, we'd better add representations of those users to our API. Creating a new serializer is easy: + + class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): + snippets = serializers.ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField() + + class Meta: + model = User + fields = ('id', 'username', 'snippets') + +Because `'snippets'` is a *reverse* relationship on the User model, it will not be included by default when using the `ModelSerializer` class, so we've needed to add an explicit field for it. + +We'll also add a couple of views. We'd like to just use read-only views for the user representations, so we'll use the `ListAPIView` and `RetrieveAPIView` generic class based views. + + class UserList(generics.ListAPIView): + model = User + serializer_class = UserSerializer + + + class UserInstance(generics.RetrieveAPIView): + model = User + serializer_class = UserSerializer + +Finally we need to add those views into the API, by referencing them from the URL conf. + + url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()), + url(r'^users/(?P[0-9]+)/$', views.UserInstance.as_view()) + +## Associating Snippets with Users + +Right now, if we created a code snippet, there'd be no way of associating the user that created the snippet, with the snippet instance. The user isn't sent as part of the serialized representation, but is instead a property of the incoming request. + +The way we deal with that is by overriding a `.pre_save()` method on our snippet views, that allows us to handle any information that is implicit in the incoming request or requested URL. + +On **both** the `SnippetList` and `SnippetDetail` view classes, add the following method: + + def pre_save(self, obj): + obj.owner = self.request.user + +## Updating our serializer + +Now that snippets are associated with the user that created them, let's update our SnippetSerializer to reflect that. + +Add the following field to the serializer definition: + + owner = serializers.Field(source='owner.username') + +**Note**: Make sure you also add `'owner',` to the list of fields in the inner `Meta` class. + +This field is doing something quite interesting. The `source` argument controls which attribute is used to populate a field, and can point at any attribute on the serialized instance. It can also take the dotted notation shown above, in which case it will traverse the given attributes, in a similar way as it is used with Django's template language. + +The field we've added is the untyped `Field` class, in contrast to the other typed fields, such as `CharField`, `BooleanField` etc... The untyped `Field` is always read-only, and will be used for serialized representations, but will not be used for updating model instances when they are deserialized. + +**TODO: Explain the SessionAuthentication and BasicAuthentication classes, and demonstrate using HTTP basic authentication with curl requests** + +## Adding required permissions to views + +Now that code snippets are associated with users we want to make sure that only authenticated users are able to create, update and delete code snippets. + +REST framework includes a number of permission classes that we can use to restrict who can access a given view. In this case the one we're looking for is `IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly`, which will ensure that authenticated requests get read-write access, and unauthenticated requests get read-only access. + +First add the following import in the views module + + from rest_framework import permissions + +Then, add the following property to **both** the `SnippetList` and `SnippetDetail` view classes. + + permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,) + +**TODO: Now that the permissions are restricted, demonstrate using HTTP basic authentication with curl requests** + +## Adding login to the Browseable API + +If you open a browser and navigate to the browseable API at the moment, you'll find that you're no longer able to create new code snippets. In order to do so we'd need to be able to login as a user. + +We can add a login view for use with the browseable API, by editing our URLconf once more. + +Add the following import at the top of the file: + + from django.conf.urls import include + +And, at the end of the file, add a pattern to include the login and logout views for the browseable API. + + urlpatterns += patterns('', + url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', + namespace='rest_framework')) + ) + +The `r'^api-auth/'` part of pattern can actually be whatever URL you want to use. The only restriction is that the included urls must use the `'rest_framework'` namespace. + +Now if you open up the browser again and refresh the page you'll see a 'Login' link in the top right of the page. If you log in as one of the users you created earier, you'll be able to create code snippets again. + +Once you've created a few code snippets, navigate to the '/users/' endpoint, and notice that the representation includes a list of the snippet pks that are associated with each user, in each user's 'snippets' field. + +## Object level permissions + +Really we'd like all code snippets to be visible to anyone, but also make sure that only the user that created a code snippet is able update or delete it. + +To do that we're going to need to create a custom permission. + +In the snippets app, create a new file, `permissions.py` + + from rest_framework import permissions + + + class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission): + """ + Custom permission to only allow owners of an object to edit it. + """ + + def has_permission(self, request, view, obj=None): + # Skip the check unless this is an object-level test + if obj is None: + return True + + # Read permissions are allowed to any request + if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS: + return True + + # Write permissions are only allowed to the owner of the snippet + return obj.owner == request.user + +Now we can add that custom permission to our snippet instance endpoint, by editing the `permission_classes` property on the `SnippetDetail` class: + + permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly, + IsOwnerOrReadOnly,) + +Make sure to also import the `IsOwnerOrReadOnly` class. + + from snippets.permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly + +Now, if you open a browser again, you find that the 'DELETE' and 'PUT' actions only appear on a snippet instance endpoint if you're logged in as the same user that created the code snippet. + +## Summary + +We've now got a fairly fine-grained set of permissions on our Web API, and end points for users of the system and for the code snippets that they have created. + +In [part 5][tut-5] of the tutorial we'll look at how we can tie everything together by creating an HTML endpoint for our hightlighted snippets, and improve the cohesion of our API by using hyperlinking for the relationships within the system. + +[tut-5]: 5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/tutorial/4-authentication-permissions-and-throttling.md b/docs/tutorial/4-authentication-permissions-and-throttling.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8d7cbd34..000000000 --- a/docs/tutorial/4-authentication-permissions-and-throttling.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -# Tutorial 4: Authentication & Permissions - -Nothing to see here. Onwards to [part 5][tut-5]. - -[tut-5]: 5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md b/docs/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md index 8600d5edf..3113249b5 100644 --- a/docs/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md +++ b/docs/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis.md @@ -1,11 +1,176 @@ # Tutorial 5 - Relationships & Hyperlinked APIs -**TODO** +At the moment relationships within our API are represented by using primary keys. In this part of the tutorial we'll improve the cohesion and discoverability of our API, by instead using hyperlinking for relationships. -* Create BlogPost model -* Demonstrate nested relationships -* Demonstrate and describe hyperlinked relationships +## Creating an endpoint for the root of our API - + from rest_framework import renderers + from rest_framework.decorators import api_view + from rest_framework.response import Response + from rest_framework.reverse import reverse + + + @api_view(('GET',)) + def api_root(request, format=None): + return Response({ + 'users': reverse('user-list', request=request), + 'snippets': reverse('snippet-list', request=request) + }) + +Notice that we're using REST framework's `reverse` function in order to return fully-qualified URLs. + +## Creating an endpoint for the highlighted snippets + +The other obvious thing that's still missing from our pastebin API is the code highlighting endpoints. + +Unlike all our other API endpoints, we don't want to use JSON, but instead just present an HTML representation. There are two style of HTML renderer provided by REST framework, one for dealing with HTML rendered using templates, the other for dealing with pre-rendered HTML. The second renderer is the one we'd like to use for this endpoint. + +The other thing we need to consider when creating the code highlight view is that there's no existing concrete generic view that we can use. We're not returning an object instance, but instead a property of an object instance. + +Instead of using a concrete generic view, we'll use the base class for representing instances, and create our own `.get()` method. In your snippets.views add: + + from rest_framework import renderers + from rest_framework.response import Response + + class SnippetHighlight(generics.SingleObjectAPIView): + model = Snippet + renderer_classes = (renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer,) + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + snippet = self.get_object() + return Response(snippet.highlighted) + +As usual we need to add the new views that we've created in to our URLconf. +We'll add a url pattern for our new API root: + + url(r'^$', 'api_root'), + +And then add a url pattern for the snippet highlights: + + url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/highlight/$', views.SnippetHighlight.as_view()), + +## Hyperlinking our API + +Dealing with relationships between entities is one of the more challenging aspects of Web API design. There are a number of different ways that we might choose to represent a relationship: + +* Using primary keys. +* Using hyperlinking between entities. +* Using a unique identifying slug field on the related entity. +* Using the default string representation of the related entity. +* Nesting the related entity inside the parent representation. +* Some other custom representation. + +REST framework supports all of these styles, and can apply them across forward or reverse relationships, or apply them across custom managers such as generic foreign keys. + +In this case we'd like to use a hyperlinked style between entities. In order to do so, we'll modify our serializers to extend `HyperlinkedModelSerializer` instead of the existing `ModelSerializer`. + +The `HyperlinkedModelSerializer` has the following differences from `ModelSerializer`: + +* It does not include the `pk` field by default. +* It includes a `url` field, using `HyperlinkedIdentityField`. +* Relationships use `HyperlinkedRelatedField` and `ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField`, + instead of `PrimaryKeyRelatedField` and `ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField`. + +We can easily re-write our existing serializers to use hyperlinking. + + class SnippetSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): + owner = serializers.Field(source='owner.username') + highlight = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='snippet-highlight', format='html') + + class Meta: + model = models.Snippet + fields = ('url', 'highlight', 'owner', + 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style') + + + class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): + snippets = serializers.ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField(view_name='snippet-detail') + + class Meta: + model = User + fields = ('url', 'username', 'snippets') + +Notice that we've also added a new `'highlight'` field. This field is of the same type as the `url` field, except that it points to the `'snippet-highlight'` url pattern, instead of the `'snippet-detail'` url pattern. + +Because we've included format suffixed URLs such as `'.json'`, we also need to indicate on the `highlight` field that any format suffixed hyperlinks it returns should use the `'.html'` suffix. + +## Making sure our URL patterns are named + +If we're going to have a hyperlinked API, we need to make sure we name our URL patterns. Let's take a look at which URL patterns we need to name. + +* The root of our API refers to `'user-list'` and `'snippet-list'`. +* Our snippet serializer includes a field that refers to `'snippet-highlight'`. +* Our user serializer includes a field that refers to `'snippet-detail'`. +* Our snippet and user serializers include `'url'` fields that by default will refer to `'{model_name}-detail'`, which in this case will be `'snippet-detail'` and `'user-detail'`. + +After adding all those names into our URLconf, our final `'urls.py'` file should look something like this: + + # API endpoints + urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(patterns('snippets.views', + url(r'^$', 'api_root'), + url(r'^snippets/$', + views.SnippetList.as_view(), + name='snippet-list'), + url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/$', + views.SnippetDetail.as_view(), + name='snippet-detail'), + url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/highlight/$' + views.SnippetHighlight.as_view(), + name='snippet-highlight'), + url(r'^users/$', + views.UserList.as_view(), + name='user-list'), + url(r'^users/(?P[0-9]+)/$', + views.UserInstance.as_view(), + name='user-detail') + )) + + # Login and logout views for the browsable API + urlpatterns += patterns('', + url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', + namespace='rest_framework')) + ) + +## Adding pagination + +The list views for users and code snippets could end up returning quite a lot of instances, so really we'd like to make sure we paginate the results, and allow the API client to step through each of the individual pages. + +We can change the default list style to use pagination, by modifying our `settings.py` file slightly. Add the following setting: + + REST_FRAMEWORK = { + 'PAGINATE_BY': 10 + } + +Note that settings in REST framework are all namespaced into a single dictionary setting, named 'REST_FRAMEWORK', which helps keep them well seperated from your other project settings. + +We could also customize the pagination style if we needed too, but in this case we'll just stick with the default. + +## Reviewing our work + +If we open a browser and navigate to the browseable API, you'll find that you can now work your way around the API simply by following links. + +You'll also be able to see the 'highlight' links on the snippet instances, that will take you to the hightlighted code HTML representations. + +We've now got a complete pastebin Web API, which is fully web browseable, and comes complete with authentication, per-object permissions, and multiple renderer formats. + +We've walked through each step of the design process, and seen how if we need to customize anything we can gradually work our way down to simply using regular Django views. + +You can review the final [tutorial code][repo] on GitHub, or try out a live example in [the sandbox][sandbox]. + +## Onwards and upwards + +We've reached the end of our tutorial. If you want to get more involved in the REST framework project, here's a few places you can start: + +* Contribute on [GitHub][github] by reviewing and subitting issues, and making pull requests. +* Join the [REST framework discussion group][group], and help build the community. +* Follow the author [on Twitter][twitter] and say hi. + +**Now go build some awesome things.** + +[repo]: https://github.com/tomchristie/rest-framework-tutorial +[sandbox]: http://restframework.herokuapp.com/ +[github]: https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework +[group]: https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/django-rest-framework +[twitter]: https://twitter.com/_tomchristie \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/tutorial/6-resource-orientated-projects.md b/docs/tutorial/6-resource-orientated-projects.md deleted file mode 100644 index e7190a772..000000000 --- a/docs/tutorial/6-resource-orientated-projects.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -# Tutorial 6 - Resources - -Resource classes are just View classes that don't have any handler methods bound to them. The actions on a resource are defined, - -This allows us to: - -* Encapsulate common behaviour across a class of views, in a single Resource class. -* Separate out the actions of a Resource from the specfics of how those actions should be bound to a particular set of URLs. - -## Refactoring to use Resources, not Views - -For instance, we can re-write our 4 sets of views into something more compact... - -resources.py - - class BlogPostResource(ModelResource): - serializer_class = BlogPostSerializer - model = BlogPost - permissions_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,) - throttle_classes = (throttles.UserRateThrottle,) - - class CommentResource(ModelResource): - serializer_class = CommentSerializer - model = Comment - permissions_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,) - throttle_classes = (throttles.UserRateThrottle,) - -## Binding Resources to URLs explicitly -The handler methods only get bound to the actions when we define the URLConf. Here's our urls.py: - - comment_root = CommentResource.as_view(actions={ - 'get': 'list', - 'post': 'create' - }) - comment_instance = CommentInstance.as_view(actions={ - 'get': 'retrieve', - 'put': 'update', - 'delete': 'destroy' - }) - ... # And for blog post - - urlpatterns = patterns('blogpost.views', - url(r'^$', comment_root), - url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', comment_instance) - ... # And for blog post - ) - -## Using Routers - -Right now that hasn't really saved us a lot of code. However, now that we're using Resources rather than Views, we actually don't need to design the urlconf ourselves. The conventions for wiring up resources into views and urls can be handled automatically, using `Router` classes. All we need to do is register the appropriate resources with a router, and let it do the rest. Here's our re-wired `urls.py` file. - - from blog import resources - from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter - - router = DefaultRouter() - router.register(resources.BlogPostResource) - router.register(resources.CommentResource) - urlpatterns = router.urlpatterns - -## Trade-offs between views vs resources. - -Writing resource-oriented code can be a good thing. It helps ensure that URL conventions will be consistent across your APIs, and minimises the amount of code you need to write. - -The trade-off is that the behaviour is less explict. It can be more difficult to determine what code path is being followed, or where to override some behaviour. - -## Onwards and upwards. - -We've reached the end of our tutorial. If you want to get more involved in the REST framework project, here's a few places you can start: - -* Contribute on GitHub by reviewing issues, and submitting issues or pull requests. -* Join the REST framework group, and help build the community. -* Follow me [on Twitter][twitter] and say hi. - -**Now go build some awesome things.** - -[twitter]: https://twitter.com/_tomchristie diff --git a/docs/tutorial/quickstart.md b/docs/tutorial/quickstart.md index 854113785..6bde725b3 100644 --- a/docs/tutorial/quickstart.md +++ b/docs/tutorial/quickstart.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with `HyperlinkedMod ## Views -Right, we'd better right some views then. Open `quickstart/views.py` and get typing. +Right, we'd better write some views then. Open `quickstart/views.py` and get typing. from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group from rest_framework import generics @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, a ) REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',), + 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',), 'PAGINATE_BY': 10 } @@ -169,4 +169,4 @@ If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits toge [image]: ../img/quickstart.png [tutorial]: 1-serialization.md -[guide]: ../#api-guide \ No newline at end of file +[guide]: ../#api-guide diff --git a/mkdocs.py b/mkdocs.py index 5d202d7e1..8106e8e22 100755 --- a/mkdocs.py +++ b/mkdocs.py @@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ if local: suffix = '.html' index = 'index.html' else: - base_url = 'http://tomchristie.github.com/django-rest-framework' - suffix = '' + base_url = 'http://django-rest-framework.org' + suffix = '.html' index = '' main_header = '
  • {{ title }}
    • ' sub_header = '
  • {{ title }}
    • ' -code_label = r'\1' +code_label = r'\1' page = open(os.path.join(docs_dir, 'template.html'), 'r').read() diff --git a/rest_framework/authentication.py b/rest_framework/authentication.py index ee5bd2f2e..30c78ebc8 100644 --- a/rest_framework/authentication.py +++ b/rest_framework/authentication.py @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ """ -The :mod:`authentication` module provides a set of pluggable authentication classes. - -Authentication behavior is provided by mixing the :class:`mixins.RequestMixin` class into a :class:`View` class. +Provides a set of pluggable authentication policies. """ from django.contrib.auth import authenticate +from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, DjangoUnicodeDecodeError +from rest_framework import exceptions from rest_framework.compat import CsrfViewMiddleware from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token import base64 @@ -17,25 +17,14 @@ class BaseAuthentication(object): def authenticate(self, request): """ - Authenticate the :obj:`request` and return a :obj:`User` or :const:`None`. [*]_ - - .. [*] The authentication context *will* typically be a :obj:`User`, - but it need not be. It can be any user-like object so long as the - permissions classes (see the :mod:`permissions` module) on the view can - handle the object and use it to determine if the request has the required - permissions or not. - - This can be an important distinction if you're implementing some token - based authentication mechanism, where the authentication context - may be more involved than simply mapping to a :obj:`User`. + Authenticate the request and return a two-tuple of (user, token). """ - return None + raise NotImplementedError(".authenticate() must be overridden.") class BasicAuthentication(BaseAuthentication): """ - Base class for HTTP Basic authentication. - Subclasses should implement `.authenticate_credentials()`. + HTTP Basic authentication against username/password. """ def authenticate(self, request): @@ -43,8 +32,6 @@ class BasicAuthentication(BaseAuthentication): Returns a `User` if a correct username and password have been supplied using HTTP Basic authentication. Otherwise returns `None`. """ - from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, DjangoUnicodeDecodeError - if 'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION' in request.META: auth = request.META['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'].split() if len(auth) == 2 and auth[0].lower() == "basic": @@ -54,21 +41,13 @@ class BasicAuthentication(BaseAuthentication): return None try: - userid, password = smart_unicode(auth_parts[0]), smart_unicode(auth_parts[2]) + userid = smart_unicode(auth_parts[0]) + password = smart_unicode(auth_parts[2]) except DjangoUnicodeDecodeError: return None return self.authenticate_credentials(userid, password) - def authenticate_credentials(self, userid, password): - """ - Given the Basic authentication userid and password, authenticate - and return a user instance. - """ - raise NotImplementedError('.authenticate_credentials() must be overridden') - - -class UserBasicAuthentication(BasicAuthentication): def authenticate_credentials(self, userid, password): """ Authenticate the userid and password against username and password. @@ -85,20 +64,31 @@ class SessionAuthentication(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): """ - Returns a :obj:`User` if the request session currently has a logged in user. - Otherwise returns :const:`None`. + Returns a `User` if the request session currently has a logged in user. + Otherwise returns `None`. """ # Get the underlying HttpRequest object http_request = request._request user = getattr(http_request, 'user', None) - if user and user.is_active: - # Enforce CSRF validation for session based authentication. - resp = CsrfViewMiddleware().process_view(http_request, None, (), {}) + # Unauthenticated, CSRF validation not required + if not user or not user.is_active: + return - if resp is None: # csrf passed - return (user, None) + # Enforce CSRF validation for session based authentication. + class CSRFCheck(CsrfViewMiddleware): + def _reject(self, request, reason): + # Return the failure reason instead of an HttpResponse + return reason + + reason = CSRFCheck().process_view(http_request, None, (), {}) + if reason: + # CSRF failed, bail with explicit error message + raise exceptions.PermissionDenied('CSRF Failed: %s' % reason) + + # CSRF passed with authenticated user + return (user, None) class TokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication): diff --git a/rest_framework/compat.py b/rest_framework/compat.py index 7664c4005..b0367a32c 100644 --- a/rest_framework/compat.py +++ b/rest_framework/compat.py @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ """ -The :mod:`compat` module provides support for backwards compatibility with older versions of django/python. +The `compat` module provides support for backwards compatibility with older +versions of django/python, and compatbility wrappers around optional packages. """ +# flake8: noqa import django # cStringIO only if it's available, otherwise StringIO diff --git a/rest_framework/decorators.py b/rest_framework/decorators.py index 948973ae0..a231f1913 100644 --- a/rest_framework/decorators.py +++ b/rest_framework/decorators.py @@ -10,8 +10,18 @@ def api_view(http_method_names): def decorator(func): - class WrappedAPIView(APIView): - pass + WrappedAPIView = type( + 'WrappedAPIView', + (APIView,), + {'__doc__': func.__doc__} + ) + + # Note, the above allows us to set the docstring. + # It is the equivelent of: + # + # class WrappedAPIView(APIView): + # pass + # WrappedAPIView.__doc__ = func.doc <--- Not possible to do this allowed_methods = set(http_method_names) | set(('options',)) WrappedAPIView.http_method_names = [method.lower() for method in allowed_methods] diff --git a/rest_framework/exceptions.py b/rest_framework/exceptions.py index 572425b99..89479deb6 100644 --- a/rest_framework/exceptions.py +++ b/rest_framework/exceptions.py @@ -31,14 +31,6 @@ class PermissionDenied(APIException): self.detail = detail or self.default_detail -class InvalidFormat(APIException): - status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND - default_detail = "Format suffix '.%s' not found." - - def __init__(self, format, detail=None): - self.detail = (detail or self.default_detail) % format - - class MethodNotAllowed(APIException): status_code = status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED default_detail = "Method '%s' not allowed." diff --git a/rest_framework/fields.py b/rest_framework/fields.py index bb9a523d6..73c8f72b9 100644 --- a/rest_framework/fields.py +++ b/rest_framework/fields.py @@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import warnings from django.core import validators from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist, ValidationError -from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve +from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve, get_script_prefix from django.conf import settings +from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.encoding import is_protected_type, smart_unicode from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ from rest_framework.reverse import reverse from rest_framework.compat import parse_date, parse_datetime from rest_framework.compat import timezone +from urlparse import urlparse def is_simple_callable(obj): @@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ class Field(object): Called to set up a field prior to field_to_native or field_from_native. parent - The parent serializer. - model_field - The model field this field corrosponds to, if one exists. + model_field - The model field this field corresponds to, if one exists. """ self.parent = parent self.root = parent.root or parent @@ -70,6 +72,8 @@ class Field(object): value = obj for component in self.source.split('.'): value = getattr(value, component) + if is_simple_callable(value): + value = value() else: value = getattr(obj, field_name) return self.to_native(value) @@ -105,15 +109,20 @@ class WritableField(Field): 'required': _('This field is required.'), 'invalid': _('Invalid value.'), } + widget = widgets.TextInput + default = None + + def __init__(self, source=None, read_only=False, required=None, + validators=[], error_messages=None, widget=None, + default=None, blank=None): - def __init__(self, source=None, readonly=False, required=None, - validators=[], error_messages=None): super(WritableField, self).__init__(source=source) - self.readonly = readonly + + self.read_only = read_only if required is None: - self.required = not(readonly) + self.required = not(read_only) else: - assert not readonly, "Cannot set required=True and readonly=True" + assert not read_only, "Cannot set required=True and read_only=True" self.required = required messages = {} @@ -123,6 +132,14 @@ class WritableField(Field): self.error_messages = messages self.validators = self.default_validators + validators + self.default = default or self.default + self.blank = blank + + # Widgets are ony used for HTML forms. + widget = widget or self.widget + if isinstance(widget, type): + widget = widget() + self.widget = widget def validate(self, value): if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES and self.required: @@ -151,15 +168,18 @@ class WritableField(Field): Given a dictionary and a field name, updates the dictionary `into`, with the field and it's deserialized value. """ - if self.readonly: + if self.read_only: return try: native = data[field_name] except KeyError: - if self.required: - raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) - return + if self.default is not None: + native = self.default + else: + if self.required: + raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) + return value = self.from_native(native) if self.source == '*': @@ -179,7 +199,7 @@ class WritableField(Field): class ModelField(WritableField): """ - A generic field that can be used against an arbirtrary model field. + A generic field that can be used against an arbitrary model field. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): try: @@ -191,9 +211,9 @@ class ModelField(WritableField): def from_native(self, value): try: rel = self.model_field.rel + return rel.to._meta.get_field(rel.field_name).to_python(value) except: return self.model_field.to_python(value) - return rel.to._meta.get_field(rel.field_name).to_python(value) def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name): value = self.model_field._get_val_from_obj(obj) @@ -222,8 +242,11 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField): return self.to_native(value) def field_from_native(self, data, field_name, into): + if self.read_only: + return + value = data.get(field_name) - into[(self.source or field_name) + '_id'] = self.from_native(value) + into[(self.source or field_name)] = self.from_native(value) class ManyRelatedMixin(object): @@ -235,6 +258,9 @@ class ManyRelatedMixin(object): return [self.to_native(item) for item in value.all()] def field_from_native(self, data, field_name, into): + if self.read_only: + return + try: # Form data value = data.getlist(self.source or field_name) @@ -264,6 +290,15 @@ class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField): def to_native(self, pk): return pk + def from_native(self, data): + if self.queryset is None: + raise Exception('Writable related fields must include a `queryset` argument') + + try: + return self.queryset.get(pk=data) + except ObjectDoesNotExist: + raise ValidationError('Invalid hyperlink - object does not exist.') + def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name): try: # Prefer obj.serializable_value for performance reasons @@ -307,14 +342,16 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField): self.view_name = kwargs.pop('view_name') except: raise ValueError("Hyperlinked field requires 'view_name' kwarg") + self.format = kwargs.pop('format', None) super(HyperlinkedRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def to_native(self, obj): view_name = self.view_name request = self.context.get('request', None) + format = self.format or self.context.get('format', None) kwargs = {self.pk_url_kwarg: obj.pk} try: - return reverse(view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request) + return reverse(view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format) except: pass @@ -325,13 +362,13 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField): kwargs = {self.slug_url_kwarg: slug} try: - return reverse(self.view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request) + return reverse(self.view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format) except: pass kwargs = {self.pk_url_kwarg: obj.pk, self.slug_url_kwarg: slug} try: - return reverse(self.view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request) + return reverse(self.view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format) except: pass @@ -340,6 +377,16 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField): def from_native(self, value): # Convert URL -> model instance pk # TODO: Use values_list + if self.queryset is None: + raise Exception('Writable related fields must include a `queryset` argument') + + if value.startswith('http:') or value.startswith('https:'): + # If needed convert absolute URLs to relative path + value = urlparse(value).path + prefix = get_script_prefix() + if value.startswith(prefix): + value = '/' + value[len(prefix):] + try: match = resolve(value) except: @@ -353,7 +400,7 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField): # Try explicit primary key. if pk is not None: - return pk + queryset = self.queryset.filter(pk=pk) # Next, try looking up by slug. elif slug is not None: slug_field = self.get_slug_field() @@ -366,7 +413,7 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField): obj = queryset.get() except ObjectDoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Invalid hyperlink - object does not exist.') - return obj.pk + return obj class ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField(ManyRelatedMixin, HyperlinkedRelatedField): @@ -381,33 +428,38 @@ class HyperlinkedIdentityField(Field): # TODO: Make this mandatory, and have the HyperlinkedModelSerializer # set it on-the-fly self.view_name = kwargs.pop('view_name', None) + self.format = kwargs.pop('format', None) super(HyperlinkedIdentityField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name): request = self.context.get('request', None) + format = self.format or self.context.get('format', None) view_name = self.view_name or self.parent.opts.view_name view_kwargs = {'pk': obj.pk} - return reverse(view_name, kwargs=view_kwargs, request=request) + return reverse(view_name, kwargs=view_kwargs, request=request, format=format) ##### Typed Fields ##### class BooleanField(WritableField): type_name = 'BooleanField' + widget = widgets.CheckboxInput default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u"'%s' value must be either True or False."), } + empty = False + + # Note: we set default to `False` in order to fill in missing value not + # supplied by html form. TODO: Fix so that only html form input gets + # this behavior. + default = False def from_native(self, value): - if value in (True, False): - # if value is 1 or 0 than it's equal to True or False, but we want - # to return a true bool for semantic reasons. - return bool(value) if value in ('t', 'True', '1'): return True if value in ('f', 'False', '0'): return False - raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid'] % value) + return bool(value) class CharField(WritableField): @@ -421,12 +473,68 @@ class CharField(WritableField): if max_length is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MaxLengthValidator(max_length)) + def validate(self, value): + """ + Validates that the value is supplied (if required). + """ + # if empty string and allow blank + if self.blank and not value: + return + else: + super(CharField, self).validate(value) + def from_native(self, value): if isinstance(value, basestring) or value is None: return value return smart_unicode(value) +class ChoiceField(WritableField): + type_name = 'ChoiceField' + widget = widgets.Select + default_error_messages = { + 'invalid_choice': _('Select a valid choice. %(value)s is not one of the available choices.'), + } + + def __init__(self, choices=(), *args, **kwargs): + super(ChoiceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) + self.choices = choices + + def _get_choices(self): + return self._choices + + def _set_choices(self, value): + # Setting choices also sets the choices on the widget. + # choices can be any iterable, but we call list() on it because + # it will be consumed more than once. + self._choices = self.widget.choices = list(value) + + choices = property(_get_choices, _set_choices) + + def validate(self, value): + """ + Validates that the input is in self.choices. + """ + super(ChoiceField, self).validate(value) + if value and not self.valid_value(value): + raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': value}) + + def valid_value(self, value): + """ + Check to see if the provided value is a valid choice. + """ + for k, v in self.choices: + if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)): + # This is an optgroup, so look inside the group for options + for k2, v2 in v: + if value == smart_unicode(k2): + return True + else: + if value == smart_unicode(k): + return True + return False + + class EmailField(CharField): type_name = 'EmailField' @@ -436,7 +544,10 @@ class EmailField(CharField): default_validators = [validators.validate_email] def from_native(self, value): - return super(EmailField, self).from_native(value).strip() + ret = super(EmailField, self).from_native(value) + if ret is None: + return None + return ret.strip() def __deepcopy__(self, memo): result = copy.copy(self) @@ -458,8 +569,9 @@ class DateField(WritableField): empty = None def from_native(self, value): - if value is None: - return value + if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: + return None + if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): if timezone and settings.USE_TZ and timezone.is_aware(value): # Convert aware datetimes to the default time zone @@ -497,8 +609,9 @@ class DateTimeField(WritableField): empty = None def from_native(self, value): - if value is None: - return value + if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: + return None + if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): return value if isinstance(value, datetime.date): @@ -556,6 +669,7 @@ class IntegerField(WritableField): def from_native(self, value): if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None + try: value = int(str(value)) except (ValueError, TypeError): @@ -571,8 +685,9 @@ class FloatField(WritableField): } def from_native(self, value): - if value is None: - return value + if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: + return None + try: return float(value) except (TypeError, ValueError): diff --git a/rest_framework/generics.py b/rest_framework/generics.py index 3b2bea3bc..063382bbc 100644 --- a/rest_framework/generics.py +++ b/rest_framework/generics.py @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import django_filters ### Base classes for the generic views ### -class BaseView(views.APIView): +class GenericAPIView(views.APIView): """ Base class for all other generic views. """ serializer_class = None - model_serializer_class = api_settings.MODEL_SERIALIZER + model_serializer_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS def get_serializer_context(self): """ @@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ class BaseView(views.APIView): return serializer_class(data, instance=instance, context=context) -class MultipleObjectBaseView(MultipleObjectMixin, BaseView): +class MultipleObjectAPIView(MultipleObjectMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Base class for generic views onto a queryset. """ - pagination_serializer_class = api_settings.PAGINATION_SERIALIZER + pagination_serializer_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS paginate_by = api_settings.PAGINATE_BY filter_class = None filter_fields = None @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class MultipleObjectBaseView(MultipleObjectMixin, BaseView): return pagination_serializer_class(instance=page, context=context) -class SingleObjectBaseView(SingleObjectMixin, BaseView): +class SingleObjectAPIView(SingleObjectMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Base class for generic views onto a model instance. """ @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class SingleObjectBaseView(SingleObjectMixin, BaseView): """ Override default to add support for object-level permissions. """ - obj = super(SingleObjectBaseView, self).get_object() + obj = super(SingleObjectAPIView, self).get_object() if not self.has_permission(self.request, obj): self.permission_denied(self.request) return obj @@ -126,8 +126,19 @@ class SingleObjectBaseView(SingleObjectMixin, BaseView): ### Concrete view classes that provide method handlers ### ### by composing the mixin classes with a base view. ### + +class CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin, + GenericAPIView): + + """ + Concrete view for creating a model instance. + """ + def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) + + class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, - MultipleObjectBaseView): + MultipleObjectAPIView): """ Concrete view for listing a queryset. """ @@ -135,9 +146,38 @@ class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) +class RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, + SingleObjectAPIView): + """ + Concrete view for retrieving a model instance. + """ + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) + + +class DestroyAPIView(mixins.DestroyModelMixin, + SingleObjectAPIView): + + """ + Concrete view for deleting a model instance. + """ + def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) + + +class UpdateAPIView(mixins.UpdateModelMixin, + SingleObjectAPIView): + + """ + Concrete view for updating a model instance. + """ + def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) + + class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, - MultipleObjectBaseView): + MultipleObjectAPIView): """ Concrete view for listing a queryset or creating a model instance. """ @@ -148,18 +188,9 @@ class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) -class RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, - SingleObjectBaseView): - """ - Concrete view for retrieving a model instance. - """ - def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): - return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) - - class RetrieveDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, - SingleObjectBaseView): + SingleObjectAPIView): """ Concrete view for retrieving or deleting a model instance. """ @@ -173,7 +204,7 @@ class RetrieveDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, - SingleObjectBaseView): + SingleObjectAPIView): """ Concrete view for retrieving, updating or deleting a model instance. """ diff --git a/rest_framework/mixins.py b/rest_framework/mixins.py index 04626fb0e..b0cc043ae 100644 --- a/rest_framework/mixins.py +++ b/rest_framework/mixins.py @@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ Basic building blocks for generic class based views. We don't bind behaviour to http method handlers yet, which allows mixin classes to be composed in interesting ways. - -Eg. Use mixins to build a Resource class, and have a Router class - perform the binding of http methods to actions for us. """ from django.http import Http404 from rest_framework import status @@ -20,10 +17,14 @@ class CreateModelMixin(object): def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.DATA) if serializer.is_valid(): + self.pre_save(serializer.object) self.object = serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) + def pre_save(self, obj): + pass + class ListModelMixin(object): """ @@ -46,7 +47,8 @@ class ListModelMixin(object): # which may be `None` to disable pagination. page_size = self.get_paginate_by(self.object_list) if page_size: - paginator, page, queryset, is_paginated = self.paginate_queryset(self.object_list, page_size) + packed = self.paginate_queryset(self.object_list, page_size) + paginator, page, queryset, is_paginated = packed serializer = self.get_pagination_serializer(page) else: serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=self.object_list) @@ -73,26 +75,25 @@ class UpdateModelMixin(object): def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): try: self.object = self.get_object() + success_status = status.HTTP_200_OK except Http404: self.object = None + success_status = status.HTTP_201_CREATED serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.DATA, instance=self.object) if serializer.is_valid(): - if self.object is None: - # If PUT occurs to a non existant object, we need to set any - # attributes on the object that are implicit in the URL. - self.update_urlconf_attributes(serializer.object) + self.pre_save(serializer.object) self.object = serializer.save() - return Response(serializer.data) + return Response(serializer.data, status=success_status) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) - def update_urlconf_attributes(self, obj): + def pre_save(self, obj): """ - When update (re)creates an object, we need to set any attributes that - are tied to the URLconf. + Set any attributes on the object that are implicit in the request. """ + # pk and/or slug attributes are implicit in the URL. pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None) if pk: setattr(obj, 'pk', pk) diff --git a/rest_framework/negotiation.py b/rest_framework/negotiation.py index 8b22f6690..dae384772 100644 --- a/rest_framework/negotiation.py +++ b/rest_framework/negotiation.py @@ -1,48 +1,38 @@ +from django.http import Http404 from rest_framework import exceptions from rest_framework.settings import api_settings from rest_framework.utils.mediatypes import order_by_precedence, media_type_matches class BaseContentNegotiation(object): - def negotiate(self, request, renderers, format=None, force=False): - raise NotImplementedError('.negotiate() must be implemented') + def select_parser(self, request, parsers): + raise NotImplementedError('.select_parser() must be implemented') + + def select_renderer(self, request, renderers, format_suffix=None): + raise NotImplementedError('.select_renderer() must be implemented') -class DefaultContentNegotiation(object): +class DefaultContentNegotiation(BaseContentNegotiation): settings = api_settings - def select_parser(self, parsers, media_type): + def select_parser(self, request, parsers): """ Given a list of parsers and a media type, return the appropriate parser to handle the incoming request. """ for parser in parsers: - if media_type_matches(parser.media_type, media_type): + if media_type_matches(parser.media_type, request.content_type): return parser return None - def negotiate(self, request, renderers, format=None, force=False): + def select_renderer(self, request, renderers, format_suffix=None): """ Given a request and a list of renderers, return a two-tuple of: (renderer, media type). - - If force is set, then suppress exceptions, and forcibly return a - fallback renderer and media_type. - """ - try: - return self.unforced_negotiate(request, renderers, format) - except (exceptions.InvalidFormat, exceptions.NotAcceptable): - if force: - return (renderers[0], renderers[0].media_type) - raise - - def unforced_negotiate(self, request, renderers, format=None): - """ - As `.negotiate()`, but does not take the optional `force` agument, - or suppress exceptions. """ # Allow URL style format override. eg. "?format=json - format = format or request.GET.get(self.settings.URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE) + format_query_param = self.settings.URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE + format = format_suffix or request.GET.get(format_query_param) if format: renderers = self.filter_renderers(renderers, format) @@ -77,7 +67,7 @@ class DefaultContentNegotiation(object): renderers = [renderer for renderer in renderers if renderer.format == format] if not renderers: - raise exceptions.InvalidFormat(format) + raise Http404 return renderers def get_accept_list(self, request): diff --git a/rest_framework/parsers.py b/rest_framework/parsers.py index 5325a64b0..4841676c9 100644 --- a/rest_framework/parsers.py +++ b/rest_framework/parsers.py @@ -1,14 +1,8 @@ """ -Django supports parsing the content of an HTTP request, but only for form POST requests. -That behavior is sufficient for dealing with standard HTML forms, but it doesn't map well -to general HTTP requests. +Parsers are used to parse the content of incoming HTTP requests. -We need a method to be able to: - -1.) Determine the parsed content on a request for methods other than POST (eg typically also PUT) - -2.) Determine the parsed content on a request for media types other than application/x-www-form-urlencoded - and multipart/form-data. (eg also handle multipart/json) +They give us a generic way of being able to handle various media types +on the request, such as form content or json encoded data. """ from django.http import QueryDict @@ -21,7 +15,6 @@ from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError import datetime import decimal -from io import BytesIO class DataAndFiles(object): @@ -33,29 +26,18 @@ class DataAndFiles(object): class BaseParser(object): """ All parsers should extend `BaseParser`, specifying a `media_type` - attribute, and overriding the `.parse_stream()` method. + attribute, and overriding the `.parse()` method. """ media_type = None - def parse(self, string_or_stream, **opts): + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): """ - The main entry point to parsers. This is a light wrapper around - `parse_stream`, that instead handles both string and stream objects. - """ - if isinstance(string_or_stream, basestring): - stream = BytesIO(string_or_stream) - else: - stream = string_or_stream - return self.parse_stream(stream, **opts) - - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): - """ - Given a stream to read from, return the deserialized output. - Should return parsed data, or a DataAndFiles object consisting of the + Given a stream to read from, return the parsed representation. + Should return parsed data, or a `DataAndFiles` object consisting of the parsed data and files. """ - raise NotImplementedError(".parse_stream() must be overridden.") + raise NotImplementedError(".parse() must be overridden.") class JSONParser(BaseParser): @@ -65,7 +47,7 @@ class JSONParser(BaseParser): media_type = 'application/json' - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): """ Returns a 2-tuple of `(data, files)`. @@ -85,7 +67,7 @@ class YAMLParser(BaseParser): media_type = 'application/yaml' - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): """ Returns a 2-tuple of `(data, files)`. @@ -98,23 +80,6 @@ class YAMLParser(BaseParser): raise ParseError('YAML parse error - %s' % unicode(exc)) -class PlainTextParser(BaseParser): - """ - Plain text parser. - """ - - media_type = 'text/plain' - - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): - """ - Returns a 2-tuple of `(data, files)`. - - `data` will simply be a string representing the body of the request. - `files` will always be `None`. - """ - return stream.read() - - class FormParser(BaseParser): """ Parser for form data. @@ -122,7 +87,7 @@ class FormParser(BaseParser): media_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): """ Returns a 2-tuple of `(data, files)`. @@ -140,15 +105,18 @@ class MultiPartParser(BaseParser): media_type = 'multipart/form-data' - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): """ Returns a DataAndFiles object. `.data` will be a `QueryDict` containing all the form parameters. `.files` will be a `QueryDict` containing all the form files. """ - meta = opts['meta'] - upload_handlers = opts['upload_handlers'] + parser_context = parser_context or {} + request = parser_context['request'] + meta = request.META + upload_handlers = request.upload_handlers + try: parser = DjangoMultiPartParser(meta, stream, upload_handlers) data, files = parser.parse() @@ -164,7 +132,7 @@ class XMLParser(BaseParser): media_type = 'application/xml' - def parse_stream(self, stream, **opts): + def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None): try: tree = ET.parse(stream) except (ExpatError, ETParseError, ValueError), exc: diff --git a/rest_framework/permissions.py b/rest_framework/permissions.py index 13ea39ea0..655b78a34 100644 --- a/rest_framework/permissions.py +++ b/rest_framework/permissions.py @@ -1,8 +1,5 @@ """ -The :mod:`permissions` module bundles a set of permission classes that are used -for checking if a request passes a certain set of constraints. - -Permission behavior is provided by mixing the :class:`mixins.PermissionsMixin` class into a :class:`View` class. +Provides a set of pluggable permission policies. """ @@ -16,11 +13,22 @@ class BasePermission(object): def has_permission(self, request, view, obj=None): """ - Should simply return, or raise an :exc:`response.ImmediateResponse`. + Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise. """ raise NotImplementedError(".has_permission() must be overridden.") +class AllowAny(BasePermission): + """ + Allow any access. + This isn't strictly required, since you could use an empty + permission_classes list, but it's useful because it makes the intention + more explicit. + """ + def has_permission(self, request, view, obj=None): + return True + + class IsAuthenticated(BasePermission): """ Allows access only to authenticated users. @@ -64,7 +72,8 @@ class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission): It ensures that the user is authenticated, and has the appropriate `add`/`change`/`delete` permissions on the model. - This permission should only be used on views with a `ModelResource`. + This permission will only be applied against view classes that + provide a `.model` attribute, such as the generic class-based views. """ # Map methods into required permission codes. @@ -87,12 +96,15 @@ class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission): """ kwargs = { 'app_label': model_cls._meta.app_label, - 'model_name': model_cls._meta.module_name + 'model_name': model_cls._meta.module_name } return [perm % kwargs for perm in self.perms_map[method]] def has_permission(self, request, view, obj=None): - model_cls = view.model + model_cls = getattr(view, 'model', None) + if not model_cls: + return True + perms = self.get_required_permissions(request.method, model_cls) if (request.user and diff --git a/rest_framework/renderers.py b/rest_framework/renderers.py index e5e4134b4..8dff0c773 100644 --- a/rest_framework/renderers.py +++ b/rest_framework/renderers.py @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ """ -Renderers are used to serialize a View's output into specific media types. +Renderers are used to serialize a response into specific media types. -Django REST framework also provides HTML and PlainText renderers that help self-document the API, -by serializing the output along with documentation regarding the View, output status and headers, -and providing forms and links depending on the allowed methods, renderers and parsers on the View. +They give us a generic way of being able to handle various media types +on the response, such as JSON encoded data or HTML output. + +REST framework also provides an HTML renderer the renders the browseable API. """ +import copy import string from django import forms +from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header from django.template import RequestContext, loader from django.utils import simplejson as json from rest_framework.compat import yaml @@ -16,15 +19,14 @@ from rest_framework.request import clone_request from rest_framework.utils import dict2xml from rest_framework.utils import encoders from rest_framework.utils.breadcrumbs import get_breadcrumbs -from rest_framework.utils.mediatypes import get_media_type_params from rest_framework import VERSION from rest_framework import serializers, parsers class BaseRenderer(object): """ - All renderers must extend this class, set the :attr:`media_type` attribute, - and override the :meth:`render` method. + All renderers should extend this class, setting the `media_type` + and `format` attributes, and override the `.render()` method. """ media_type = None @@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer): if accepted_media_type: # If the media type looks like 'application/json; indent=4', # then pretty print the result. - params = get_media_type_params(accepted_media_type) + base_media_type, params = parse_header(accepted_media_type) indent = params.get('indent', indent) try: indent = max(min(int(indent), 8), 0) @@ -137,13 +139,24 @@ class YAMLRenderer(BaseRenderer): return yaml.dump(data, stream=None, Dumper=self.encoder) -class HTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer): +class TemplateHTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer): """ - A Base class provided for convenience. + An HTML renderer for use with templates. - Render the object simply by using the given template. - To create a template renderer, subclass this class, and set - the :attr:`media_type` and :attr:`template` attributes. + The data supplied to the Response object should be a dictionary that will + be used as context for the template. + + The template name is determined by (in order of preference): + + 1. An explicit `.template_name` attribute set on the response. + 2. An explicit `.template_name` attribute set on this class. + 3. The return result of calling `view.get_template_names()`. + + For example: + data = {'users': User.objects.all()} + return Response(data, template_name='users.html') + + For pre-rendered HTML, see StaticHTMLRenderer. """ media_type = 'text/html' @@ -186,6 +199,26 @@ class HTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer): raise ConfigurationError('Returned a template response with no template_name') +class StaticHTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer): + """ + An HTML renderer class that simply returns pre-rendered HTML. + + The data supplied to the Response object should be a string representing + the pre-rendered HTML content. + + For example: + data = 'example' + return Response(data) + + For template rendered HTML, see TemplateHTMLRenderer. + """ + media_type = 'text/html' + format = 'html' + + def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None): + return data + + class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer): """ HTML renderer used to self-document the API. @@ -222,11 +255,9 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer): return content - def get_form(self, view, method, request): + def show_form_for_method(self, view, method, request, obj): """ - Get a form, possibly bound to either the input or output data. - In the absence on of the Resource having an associated form then - provide a form that can be used to submit arbitrary content. + Returns True if a form should be shown for this method. """ if not method in view.allowed_methods: return # Not a valid method @@ -235,22 +266,14 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer): return # Cannot use form overloading request = clone_request(request, method) - if not view.has_permission(request): - return # Don't have permission + try: + if not view.has_permission(request, obj): + return # Don't have permission + except: + return # Don't have permission and exception explicitly raise + return True - if method == 'DELETE' or method == 'OPTIONS': - return True # Don't actually need to return a form - - if (not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None) or - not parsers.FormParser in getattr(view, 'parser_classes')): - media_types = [parser.media_type for parser in view.parser_classes] - return self.get_generic_content_form(media_types) - - ##### - # TODO: This is a little bit of a hack. Actually we'd like to remove - # this and just render serializer fields to html directly. - - # We need to map our Fields to Django's Fields. + def serializer_to_form_fields(self, serializer): field_mapping = { serializers.FloatField: forms.FloatField, serializers.IntegerField: forms.IntegerField, @@ -260,32 +283,69 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer): serializers.CharField: forms.CharField, serializers.BooleanField: forms.BooleanField, serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField: forms.ModelChoiceField, - serializers.ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField: forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField + serializers.ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField: forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField, + serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField: forms.ModelChoiceField, + serializers.ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField: forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField } - # Creating an on the fly form see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3915024/dynamically-creating-classes-python fields = {} - obj, data = None, None - if getattr(view, 'object', None): - obj = view.object - - serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=obj) for k, v in serializer.get_fields(True).items(): - if getattr(v, 'readonly', True): + if getattr(v, 'read_only', True): continue kwargs = {} + kwargs['required'] = v.required + if getattr(v, 'queryset', None): - kwargs['queryset'] = getattr(v, 'queryset', None) + kwargs['queryset'] = v.queryset + + if getattr(v, 'widget', None): + widget = copy.deepcopy(v.widget) + # If choices have friendly readable names, + # then add in the identities too + if getattr(widget, 'choices', None): + choices = widget.choices + if any([ident != desc for (ident, desc) in choices]): + choices = [(ident, "%s (%s)" % (desc, ident)) + for (ident, desc) in choices] + widget.choices = choices + kwargs['widget'] = widget + + if getattr(v, 'default', None) is not None: + kwargs['initial'] = v.default + + kwargs['label'] = k try: fields[k] = field_mapping[v.__class__](**kwargs) except KeyError: - fields[k] = forms.CharField() + fields[k] = forms.CharField(**kwargs) + return fields + def get_form(self, view, method, request): + """ + Get a form, possibly bound to either the input or output data. + In the absence on of the Resource having an associated form then + provide a form that can be used to submit arbitrary content. + """ + obj = getattr(view, 'object', None) + if not self.show_form_for_method(view, method, request, obj): + return + + if method == 'DELETE' or method == 'OPTIONS': + return True # Don't actually need to return a form + + if not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None) or not parsers.FormParser in view.parser_classes: + media_types = [parser.media_type for parser in view.parser_classes] + return self.get_generic_content_form(media_types) + + serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=obj) + fields = self.serializer_to_form_fields(serializer) + + # Creating an on the fly form see: + # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3915024/dynamically-creating-classes-python OnTheFlyForm = type("OnTheFlyForm", (forms.Form,), fields) - if obj and not view.request.method == 'DELETE': # Don't fill in the form when the object is deleted - data = serializer.data + data = (obj is not None) and serializer.data or None form_instance = OnTheFlyForm(data) return form_instance diff --git a/rest_framework/request.py b/rest_framework/request.py index 0a57d3764..a1827ba48 100644 --- a/rest_framework/request.py +++ b/rest_framework/request.py @@ -11,9 +11,18 @@ The wrapped request then offers a richer API, in particular : """ from StringIO import StringIO +from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header from rest_framework import exceptions from rest_framework.settings import api_settings -from rest_framework.utils.mediatypes import is_form_media_type + + +def is_form_media_type(media_type): + """ + Return True if the media type is a valid form media type. + """ + base_media_type, params = parse_header(media_type) + return (base_media_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' or + base_media_type == 'multipart/form-data') class Empty(object): @@ -35,7 +44,8 @@ def clone_request(request, method): """ ret = Request(request._request, request.parsers, - request.authenticators) + request.authenticators, + request.parser_context) ret._data = request._data ret._files = request._files ret._content_type = request._content_type @@ -65,19 +75,24 @@ class Request(object): _CONTENTTYPE_PARAM = api_settings.FORM_CONTENTTYPE_OVERRIDE def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None, - negotiator=None): + negotiator=None, parser_context=None): self._request = request self.parsers = parsers or () self.authenticators = authenticators or () self.negotiator = negotiator or self._default_negotiator() + self.parser_context = parser_context self._data = Empty self._files = Empty self._method = Empty self._content_type = Empty self._stream = Empty + if self.parser_context is None: + self.parser_context = {} + self.parser_context['request'] = self + def _default_negotiator(self): - return api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION() + return api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS() @property def method(self): @@ -96,7 +111,7 @@ class Request(object): """ Returns the content type header. - This should be used instead of ``request.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE')``, + This should be used instead of `request.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE')`, as it allows the content type to be overridden by using a hidden form field on a form POST request. """ @@ -245,16 +260,19 @@ class Request(object): May raise an `UnsupportedMediaType`, or `ParseError` exception. """ - if self.stream is None or self.content_type is None: + stream = self.stream + media_type = self.content_type + + if stream is None or media_type is None: return (None, None) - parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self.parsers, self.content_type) + parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers) if not parser: - raise exceptions.UnsupportedMediaType(self.content_type) + raise exceptions.UnsupportedMediaType(media_type) + + parsed = parser.parse(stream, media_type, self.parser_context) - parsed = parser.parse(self.stream, meta=self.META, - upload_handlers=self.upload_handlers) # Parser classes may return the raw data, or a # DataAndFiles object. Unpack the result as required. try: diff --git a/rest_framework/resources.py b/rest_framework/resources.py deleted file mode 100644 index bb3d581fe..000000000 --- a/rest_framework/resources.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,95 +0,0 @@ -##### RESOURCES AND ROUTERS ARE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED - PLACEHOLDER ONLY ##### - -from functools import update_wrapper -import inspect -from django.utils.decorators import classonlymethod -from rest_framework import views, generics - - -def wrapped(source, dest): - """ - Copy public, non-method attributes from source to dest, and return dest. - """ - for attr in [attr for attr in dir(source) - if not attr.startswith('_') and not inspect.ismethod(attr)]: - setattr(dest, attr, getattr(source, attr)) - return dest - - -##### RESOURCES AND ROUTERS ARE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED - PLACEHOLDER ONLY ##### - -class ResourceMixin(object): - """ - Clone Django's `View.as_view()` behaviour *except* using REST framework's - 'method -> action' binding for resources. - """ - - @classonlymethod - def as_view(cls, actions, **initkwargs): - """ - Main entry point for a request-response process. - """ - # sanitize keyword arguments - for key in initkwargs: - if key in cls.http_method_names: - raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a " - "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that." - % (key, cls.__name__)) - if not hasattr(cls, key): - raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r" % ( - cls.__name__, key)) - - def view(request, *args, **kwargs): - self = cls(**initkwargs) - - # Bind methods to actions - for method, action in actions.items(): - handler = getattr(self, action) - setattr(self, method, handler) - - # As you were, solider. - if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): - self.head = self.get - return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) - - # take name and docstring from class - update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=()) - - # and possible attributes set by decorators - # like csrf_exempt from dispatch - update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=()) - return view - - -##### RESOURCES AND ROUTERS ARE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED - PLACEHOLDER ONLY ##### - -class Resource(ResourceMixin, views.APIView): - pass - - -##### RESOURCES AND ROUTERS ARE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED - PLACEHOLDER ONLY ##### - -class ModelResource(ResourceMixin, views.APIView): - root_class = generics.ListCreateAPIView - detail_class = generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView - - def root_view(self): - return wrapped(self, self.root_class()) - - def detail_view(self): - return wrapped(self, self.detail_class()) - - def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): - return self.root_view().list(request, args, kwargs) - - def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): - return self.root_view().create(request, args, kwargs) - - def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs): - return self.detail_view().retrieve(request, args, kwargs) - - def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): - return self.detail_view().update(request, args, kwargs) - - def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs): - return self.detail_view().destroy(request, args, kwargs) diff --git a/rest_framework/reverse.py b/rest_framework/reverse.py index ba663f98f..c9db02f06 100644 --- a/rest_framework/reverse.py +++ b/rest_framework/reverse.py @@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse as django_reverse from django.utils.functional import lazy -def reverse(viewname, *args, **kwargs): +def reverse(viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra): """ Same as `django.core.urlresolvers.reverse`, but optionally takes a request and returns a fully qualified URL, using the request to get the base URL. """ - request = kwargs.pop('request', None) - url = django_reverse(viewname, *args, **kwargs) + if format is not None: + kwargs = kwargs or {} + kwargs['format'] = format + url = django_reverse(viewname, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, **extra) if request: return request.build_absolute_uri(url) return url diff --git a/rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py b/rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py index b2438c9b2..1bd0a5fc8 100755 --- a/rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py +++ b/rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def main(): else: print usage() sys.exit(1) - failures = test_runner.run_tests(['rest_framework' + test_case]) + failures = test_runner.run_tests(['tests' + test_case]) sys.exit(failures) diff --git a/rest_framework/runtests/settings.py b/rest_framework/runtests/settings.py index 67de82c81..951b1e72b 100644 --- a/rest_framework/runtests/settings.py +++ b/rest_framework/runtests/settings.py @@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ INSTALLED_APPS = ( # 'django.contrib.admindocs', 'rest_framework', 'rest_framework.authtoken', + 'rest_framework.tests' ) STATIC_URL = '/static/' @@ -100,14 +101,6 @@ import django if django.VERSION < (1, 3): INSTALLED_APPS += ('staticfiles',) -# OAuth support is optional, so we only test oauth if it's installed. -try: - import oauth_provider -except ImportError: - pass -else: - INSTALLED_APPS += ('oauth_provider',) - # If we're running on the Jenkins server we want to archive the coverage reports as XML. import os if os.environ.get('HUDSON_URL', None): diff --git a/rest_framework/serializers.py b/rest_framework/serializers.py index 063300172..3d134a741 100644 --- a/rest_framework/serializers.py +++ b/rest_framework/serializers.py @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import datetime import types from decimal import Decimal from django.db import models +from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict from rest_framework.compat import get_concrete_model from rest_framework.fields import * @@ -22,10 +23,6 @@ class SortedDictWithMetadata(SortedDict, DictWithMetadata): pass -class RecursionOccured(BaseException): - pass - - def _is_protected_type(obj): """ True if the object is a native datatype that does not need to @@ -33,10 +30,10 @@ def _is_protected_type(obj): """ return isinstance(obj, ( types.NoneType, - int, long, - datetime.datetime, datetime.date, datetime.time, - float, Decimal, - basestring) + int, long, + datetime.datetime, datetime.date, datetime.time, + float, Decimal, + basestring) ) @@ -73,7 +70,7 @@ class SerializerOptions(object): Meta class options for Serializer """ def __init__(self, meta): - self.nested = getattr(meta, 'nested', False) + self.depth = getattr(meta, 'depth', 0) self.fields = getattr(meta, 'fields', ()) self.exclude = getattr(meta, 'exclude', ()) @@ -92,7 +89,6 @@ class BaseSerializer(Field): self.parent = None self.root = None - self.stack = [] self.context = context or {} self.init_data = data @@ -151,14 +147,11 @@ class BaseSerializer(Field): def initialize(self, parent): """ Same behaviour as usual Field, except that we need to keep track - of state so that we can deal with handling maximum depth and recursion. + of state so that we can deal with handling maximum depth. """ super(BaseSerializer, self).initialize(parent) - self.stack = parent.stack[:] - if parent.opts.nested and not isinstance(parent.opts.nested, bool): - self.opts.nested = parent.opts.nested - 1 - else: - self.opts.nested = parent.opts.nested + if parent.opts.depth: + self.opts.depth = parent.opts.depth - 1 ##### # Methods to convert or revert from objects <--> primative representations. @@ -174,21 +167,13 @@ class BaseSerializer(Field): Core of serialization. Convert an object into a dictionary of serialized field values. """ - if obj in self.stack and not self.source == '*': - raise RecursionOccured() - self.stack.append(obj) - ret = self._dict_class() ret.fields = {} - fields = self.get_fields(serialize=True, obj=obj, nested=self.opts.nested) + fields = self.get_fields(serialize=True, obj=obj, nested=bool(self.opts.depth)) for field_name, field in fields.items(): key = self.get_field_key(field_name) - try: - value = field.field_to_native(obj, field_name) - except RecursionOccured: - field = self.get_fields(serialize=True, obj=obj, nested=False)[field_name] - value = field.field_to_native(obj, field_name) + value = field.field_to_native(obj, field_name) ret[key] = value ret.fields[key] = field return ret @@ -198,7 +183,7 @@ class BaseSerializer(Field): Core of deserialization, together with `restore_object`. Converts a dictionary of data into a dictionary of deserialized fields. """ - fields = self.get_fields(serialize=False, data=data, nested=self.opts.nested) + fields = self.get_fields(serialize=False, data=data, nested=bool(self.opts.depth)) reverted_data = {} for field_name, field in fields.items(): try: @@ -208,6 +193,35 @@ class BaseSerializer(Field): return reverted_data + def perform_validation(self, attrs): + """ + Run `validate_()` and `validate()` methods on the serializer + """ + # TODO: refactor this so we're not determining the fields again + fields = self.get_fields(serialize=False, data=attrs, nested=bool(self.opts.depth)) + + for field_name, field in fields.items(): + try: + validate_method = getattr(self, 'validate_%s' % field_name, None) + if validate_method: + source = field.source or field_name + attrs = validate_method(attrs, source) + except ValidationError as err: + self._errors[field_name] = self._errors.get(field_name, []) + list(err.messages) + + try: + attrs = self.validate(attrs) + except ValidationError as err: + self._errors['non_field_errors'] = err.messages + + return attrs + + def validate(self, attrs): + """ + Stub method, to be overridden in Serializer subclasses + """ + return attrs + def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None): """ Deserialize a dictionary of attributes into an object instance. @@ -241,17 +255,31 @@ class BaseSerializer(Field): self._errors = {} if data is not None: attrs = self.restore_fields(data) + attrs = self.perform_validation(attrs) else: - self._errors['non_field_errors'] = 'No input provided' + self._errors['non_field_errors'] = ['No input provided'] if not self._errors: return self.restore_object(attrs, instance=getattr(self, 'object', None)) + def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name): + """ + Override default so that we can apply ModelSerializer as a nested + field to relationships. + """ + obj = getattr(obj, self.source or field_name) + + # If the object has an "all" method, assume it's a relationship + if is_simple_callable(getattr(obj, 'all', None)): + return [self.to_native(item) for item in obj.all()] + + return self.to_native(obj) + @property def errors(self): """ Run deserialization and return error data, - setting self.object if no errors occured. + setting self.object if no errors occurred. """ if self._errors is None: obj = self.from_native(self.init_data) @@ -295,16 +323,6 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer): """ _options_class = ModelSerializerOptions - def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name): - """ - Override default so that we can apply ModelSerializer as a nested - field to relationships. - """ - obj = getattr(obj, self.source or field_name) - if obj.__class__.__name__ in ('RelatedManager', 'ManyRelatedManager'): - return [self.to_native(item) for item in obj.all()] - return self.to_native(obj) - def default_fields(self, serialize, obj=None, data=None, nested=False): """ Return all the fields that should be serialized for the model. @@ -374,25 +392,43 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer): """ Creates a default instance of a basic non-relational field. """ + kwargs = {} + + kwargs['blank'] = model_field.blank + + if model_field.null: + kwargs['required'] = False + + if model_field.has_default(): + kwargs['required'] = False + kwargs['default'] = model_field.get_default() + + if model_field.__class__ == models.TextField: + kwargs['widget'] = widgets.Textarea + + # TODO: TypedChoiceField? + if model_field.flatchoices: # This ModelField contains choices + kwargs['choices'] = model_field.flatchoices + return ChoiceField(**kwargs) + field_mapping = { models.FloatField: FloatField, models.IntegerField: IntegerField, + models.PositiveIntegerField: IntegerField, + models.SmallIntegerField: IntegerField, + models.PositiveSmallIntegerField: IntegerField, models.DateTimeField: DateTimeField, models.DateField: DateField, models.EmailField: EmailField, models.CharField: CharField, + models.TextField: CharField, models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField: CharField, models.BooleanField: BooleanField, } try: - ret = field_mapping[model_field.__class__]() + return field_mapping[model_field.__class__](**kwargs) except KeyError: - ret = ModelField(model_field=model_field) - - if model_field.default: - ret.required = False - - return ret + return ModelField(model_field=model_field, **kwargs) def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None): """ diff --git a/rest_framework/settings.py b/rest_framework/settings.py index 5ebe7ba53..9c40a2144 100644 --- a/rest_framework/settings.py +++ b/rest_framework/settings.py @@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ Settings for REST framework are all namespaced in the REST_FRAMEWORK setting. For example your project's `settings.py` file might look like this: REST_FRAMEWORK = { - 'DEFAULT_RENDERERS': ( + 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', 'rest_framework.renderers.YAMLRenderer', ) - 'DEFAULT_PARSERS': ( + 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.YAMLParser', ) @@ -24,30 +24,36 @@ from django.utils import importlib USER_SETTINGS = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK', None) DEFAULTS = { - 'DEFAULT_RENDERERS': ( + 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', ), - 'DEFAULT_PARSERS': ( + 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser' ), - 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION': ( + 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', - 'rest_framework.authentication.UserBasicAuthentication' + 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication' ), - 'DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS': (), - 'DEFAULT_THROTTLES': (), - 'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION': + 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ( + 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', + ), + 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ( + ), + + 'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation', + 'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': + 'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer', + 'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS': + 'rest_framework.pagination.PaginationSerializer', + 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': { 'user': None, 'anon': None, }, - - 'MODEL_SERIALIZER': 'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer', - 'PAGINATION_SERIALIZER': 'rest_framework.pagination.PaginationSerializer', 'PAGINATE_BY': None, 'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': 'django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser', @@ -65,14 +71,14 @@ DEFAULTS = { # List of settings that may be in string import notation. IMPORT_STRINGS = ( - 'DEFAULT_RENDERERS', - 'DEFAULT_PARSERS', - 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION', - 'DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS', - 'DEFAULT_THROTTLES', - 'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION', - 'MODEL_SERIALIZER', - 'PAGINATION_SERIALIZER', + 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES', + 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES', + 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES', + 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES', + 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES', + 'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS', + 'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS', + 'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS', 'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER', 'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN', ) @@ -111,7 +117,7 @@ class APISettings(object): For example: from rest_framework.settings import api_settings - print api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERERS + print api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES Any setting with string import paths will be automatically resolved and return the class, rather than the string literal. diff --git a/rest_framework/static/rest_framework/css/default.css b/rest_framework/static/rest_framework/css/default.css index 739b93001..e29da395a 100644 --- a/rest_framework/static/rest_framework/css/default.css +++ b/rest_framework/static/rest_framework/css/default.css @@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ h2, h3 { margin-right: 1em; } +ul.breadcrumb { + margin: 58px 0 0 0; +} + /* To allow tooltips to work on disabled elements */ .disabled-tooltip-shield { position: absolute; @@ -55,6 +59,7 @@ pre { .page-header { border-bottom: none; padding-bottom: 0px; + margin-bottom: 20px; } @@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ html{ background: none; } -body, .navbar .navbar-inner .container-fluid{ +body, .navbar .navbar-inner .container-fluid { max-width: 1150px; margin: 0 auto; } @@ -76,13 +81,14 @@ body{ } #content{ - margin: 40px 0 0 0; + margin: 0; } /* custom navigation styles */ .wrapper .navbar{ - width:100%; + width: 100%; position: absolute; - left:0; + left: 0; + top: 0; } .navbar .navbar-inner{ diff --git a/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/base.html b/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/base.html index 5ac6ef678..e0f794814 100644 --- a/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/base.html +++ b/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/base.html @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@

    {{ name }}

    -

    {{ description }}

    + {{ description }} 
    {{ request.method }} {{ request.get_full_path }}
    diff --git a/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/login.html b/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/login.html index 65af512e1..c1271399b 100644 --- a/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/login.html +++ b/rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/login.html @@ -3,42 +3,50 @@ - + + + - + -
    - -