diff --git a/rest_framework/authentication.py b/rest_framework/authentication.py
index c15568db4..14b2136b3 100644
--- a/rest_framework/authentication.py
+++ b/rest_framework/authentication.py
@@ -2,14 +2,11 @@
 Provides a set of pluggable authentication policies.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
 from django.utils.encoding import DjangoUnicodeDecodeError
 from rest_framework import exceptions, HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
 from rest_framework.compat import CsrfViewMiddleware
-from rest_framework.compat import smart_text
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
-from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 import base64
 
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/decorators.py b/rest_framework/decorators.py
index 7a4103e16..8250cd3ba 100644
--- a/rest_framework/decorators.py
+++ b/rest_framework/decorators.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from rest_framework.compat import six
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 import types
 
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ def api_view(http_method_names):
     def decorator(func):
 
         WrappedAPIView = type(
-            'WrappedAPIView',
+            six.PY3 and 'WrappedAPIView' or b'WrappedAPIView',
             (APIView,),
             {'__doc__': func.__doc__}
         )
diff --git a/rest_framework/exceptions.py b/rest_framework/exceptions.py
index d635351c6..0c96ecdd5 100644
--- a/rest_framework/exceptions.py
+++ b/rest_framework/exceptions.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Handled exceptions raised by REST framework.
 In addition Django's built in 403 and 404 exceptions are handled.
 (`django.http.Http404` and `django.core.exceptions.PermissionDenied`)
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from rest_framework import status
 
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/filters.py b/rest_framework/filters.py
index f7b5a1bc1..6fea46faf 100644
--- a/rest_framework/filters.py
+++ b/rest_framework/filters.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from rest_framework.compat import django_filters
 
 FilterSet = django_filters and django_filters.FilterSet or None
diff --git a/rest_framework/generics.py b/rest_framework/generics.py
index 19f2b7047..9e9319176 100644
--- a/rest_framework/generics.py
+++ b/rest_framework/generics.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 Generic views that provide commonly needed behaviour.
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from rest_framework import views, mixins
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectMixin
diff --git a/rest_framework/negotiation.py b/rest_framework/negotiation.py
index 0a7b6db64..0694d35f5 100644
--- a/rest_framework/negotiation.py
+++ b/rest_framework/negotiation.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.http import Http404
 from rest_framework import exceptions
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
diff --git a/rest_framework/pagination.py b/rest_framework/pagination.py
index 92d41e0e2..03a7a30f8 100644
--- a/rest_framework/pagination.py
+++ b/rest_framework/pagination.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.templatetags.rest_framework import replace_query_param
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/parsers.py b/rest_framework/parsers.py
index b601156ba..26009cdf1 100644
--- a/rest_framework/parsers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/parsers.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Parsers are used to parse the content of incoming HTTP requests.
 They give us a generic way of being able to handle various media types
 on the request, such as form content or json encoded data.
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.http import QueryDict
 from django.http.multipartparser import MultiPartParser as DjangoMultiPartParser
 from django.http.multipartparser import MultiPartParserError
diff --git a/rest_framework/permissions.py b/rest_framework/permissions.py
index 655b78a34..3222dbf22 100644
--- a/rest_framework/permissions.py
+++ b/rest_framework/permissions.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 Provides a set of pluggable permission policies.
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 SAFE_METHODS = ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS']
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/relations.py b/rest_framework/relations.py
index a946d961e..ae4ef6b32 100644
--- a/rest_framework/relations.py
+++ b/rest_framework/relations.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist, ValidationError
 from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve, get_script_prefix
 from django import forms
diff --git a/rest_framework/request.py b/rest_framework/request.py
index 597892ef7..16f47d16b 100644
--- a/rest_framework/request.py
+++ b/rest_framework/request.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The wrapped request then offers a richer API, in particular :
     - full support of PUT method, including support for file uploads
     - form overloading of HTTP method, content type and content
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header
 from rest_framework import HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
 from rest_framework import exceptions
diff --git a/rest_framework/response.py b/rest_framework/response.py
index 0a484c4a1..5e1bf46e2 100644
--- a/rest_framework/response.py
+++ b/rest_framework/response.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import STATUS_CODE_TEXT
 from django.template.response import SimpleTemplateResponse
-
 from rest_framework.compat import six
 
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/reverse.py b/rest_framework/reverse.py
index c9db02f06..a51b07f54 100644
--- a/rest_framework/reverse.py
+++ b/rest_framework/reverse.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Provide reverse functions that return fully qualified URLs
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse as django_reverse
 from django.utils.functional import lazy
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/serializers.py b/rest_framework/serializers.py
index c5b3494cf..b635d20d3 100644
--- a/rest_framework/serializers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/serializers.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import copy
 import datetime
 import types
diff --git a/rest_framework/settings.py b/rest_framework/settings.py
index b3ca01347..b7aa0bbe0 100644
--- a/rest_framework/settings.py
+++ b/rest_framework/settings.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ This module provides the `api_setting` object, that is used to access
 REST framework settings, checking for user settings first, then falling
 back to the defaults.
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.utils import importlib
 from rest_framework.compat import six
diff --git a/rest_framework/status.py b/rest_framework/status.py
index a1eb48dae..b9f249f9f 100644
--- a/rest_framework/status.py
+++ b/rest_framework/status.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Descriptive HTTP status codes, for code readability.
 See RFC 2616 - http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html
 And RFC 6585 - http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 HTTP_100_CONTINUE = 100
 HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
diff --git a/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py b/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
index cbafbe0e6..a1db65bc6 100644
--- a/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
+++ b/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, absolute_import
-
 from django import template
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.http import QueryDict
@@ -8,7 +7,6 @@ from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, mark_safe
 from rest_framework.compat import urlparse
 from rest_framework.compat import force_text
 from rest_framework.compat import six
-
 import re
 import string
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py b/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py
index 7dde6d22a..c9df17330 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.test import Client, TestCase
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
 from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication, BasicAuthentication, SessionAuthentication
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
-
 import json
 import base64
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/breadcrumbs.py b/rest_framework/tests/breadcrumbs.py
index df8916832..d9ed647e2 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/breadcrumbs.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/breadcrumbs.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.utils.breadcrumbs import get_breadcrumbs
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/decorators.py b/rest_framework/tests/decorators.py
index 82f912e98..a11af3a5d 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/decorators.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/decorators.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.response import Response
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/description.py b/rest_framework/tests/description.py
index d958b8405..20963a9cf 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/description.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/description.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.compat import apply_markdown
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/fields.py b/rest_framework/tests/fields.py
index 8068272d4..b7587bf14 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/fields.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/fields.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 General serializer field tests.
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/files.py b/rest_framework/tests/files.py
index 0434f9009..ce00ea6ba 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/files.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/files.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-import datetime
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
-
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.compat import BytesIO
 from rest_framework.compat import six
+import datetime
 
 
 class UploadedFile(object):
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/filterset.py b/rest_framework/tests/filterset.py
index af2e6c2e7..daea6e53d 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/filterset.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/filterset.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py b/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py
index 91a986043..88d4efa32 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.generic import GenericRelation, GenericForeignKey
 from django.db import models
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/htmlrenderer.py b/rest_framework/tests/htmlrenderer.py
index 34caa208b..702e80246 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/htmlrenderer.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/htmlrenderer.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/hyperlinkedserializers.py b/rest_framework/tests/hyperlinkedserializers.py
index c6a8224b1..bc9b87695 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/hyperlinkedserializers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/hyperlinkedserializers.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import json
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/models.py b/rest_framework/tests/models.py
index 9ab153280..f2117538c 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/models.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/models.py
@@ -1,35 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import models
-from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
-from django.contrib.contenttypes.generic import GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation
 
-# from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
-
-
-# class CustomUser(models.Model):
-#     """
-#     A custom user model, which uses a 'through' table for the foreign key
-#     """
-#     username = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)
-#     groups = models.ManyToManyField(
-#         to=Group, blank=True, null=True, through='UserGroupMap'
-#     )
-
-#     @models.permalink
-#     def get_absolute_url(self):
-#         return ('custom_user', (), {
-#             'pk': self.id
-#     })
-
-
-# class UserGroupMap(models.Model):
-#     user = models.ForeignKey(to=CustomUser)
-#     group = models.ForeignKey(to=Group)
-
-#     @models.permalink
-#     def get_absolute_url(self):
-#         return ('user_group_map', (), {
-#             'pk': self.id
-#         })
 
 def foobar():
     return 'foobar'
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/modelviews.py b/rest_framework/tests/modelviews.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f12e3b979..000000000
--- a/rest_framework/tests/modelviews.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-# from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
-# from django.forms import ModelForm
-# from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, User
-# from rest_framework.resources import ModelResource
-# from rest_framework.views import ListOrCreateModelView, InstanceModelView
-# from rest_framework.tests.models import CustomUser
-# from rest_framework.tests.testcases import TestModelsTestCase
-
-
-# class GroupResource(ModelResource):
-#     model = Group
-
-
-# class UserForm(ModelForm):
-#     class Meta:
-#         model = User
-#         exclude = ('last_login', 'date_joined')
-
-
-# class UserResource(ModelResource):
-#     model = User
-#     form = UserForm
-
-
-# class CustomUserResource(ModelResource):
-#     model = CustomUser
-
-# urlpatterns = patterns('',
-#     url(r'^users/$', ListOrCreateModelView.as_view(resource=UserResource), name='users'),
-#     url(r'^users/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/$', InstanceModelView.as_view(resource=UserResource)),
-#     url(r'^customusers/$', ListOrCreateModelView.as_view(resource=CustomUserResource), name='customusers'),
-#     url(r'^customusers/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/$', InstanceModelView.as_view(resource=CustomUserResource)),
-#     url(r'^groups/$', ListOrCreateModelView.as_view(resource=GroupResource), name='groups'),
-#     url(r'^groups/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/$', InstanceModelView.as_view(resource=GroupResource)),
-# )
-
-
-# class ModelViewTests(TestModelsTestCase):
-#     """Test the model views rest_framework provides"""
-#     urls = 'rest_framework.tests.modelviews'
-
-#     def test_creation(self):
-#         """Ensure that a model object can be created"""
-#         self.assertEqual(0, Group.objects.count())
-
-#         response = self.client.post('/groups/', {'name': 'foo'})
-
-#         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 201)
-#         self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
-#         self.assertEqual('foo', Group.objects.all()[0].name)
-
-#     def test_creation_with_m2m_relation(self):
-#         """Ensure that a model object with a m2m relation can be created"""
-#         group = Group(name='foo')
-#         group.save()
-#         self.assertEqual(0, User.objects.count())
-
-#         response = self.client.post('/users/', {'username': 'bar', 'password': 'baz', 'groups': [group.id]})
-
-#         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 201)
-#         self.assertEqual(1, User.objects.count())
-
-#         user = User.objects.all()[0]
-#         self.assertEqual('bar', user.username)
-#         self.assertEqual('baz', user.password)
-#         self.assertEqual(1, user.groups.count())
-
-#         group = user.groups.all()[0]
-#         self.assertEqual('foo', group.name)
-
-#     def test_creation_with_m2m_relation_through(self):
-#         """
-#         Ensure that a model object with a m2m relation can be created where that
-#         relation uses a through table
-#         """
-#         group = Group(name='foo')
-#         group.save()
-#         self.assertEqual(0, User.objects.count())
-
-#         response = self.client.post('/customusers/', {'username': 'bar', 'groups': [group.id]})
-
-#         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 201)
-#         self.assertEqual(1, CustomUser.objects.count())
-
-#         user = CustomUser.objects.all()[0]
-#         self.assertEqual('bar', user.username)
-#         self.assertEqual(1, user.groups.count())
-
-#         group = user.groups.all()[0]
-#         self.assertEqual('foo', group.name)
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/negotiation.py b/rest_framework/tests/negotiation.py
index 7706908b8..5769dd5ff 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/negotiation.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/negotiation.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
 from rest_framework.negotiation import DefaultContentNegotiation
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/pagination.py b/rest_framework/tests/pagination.py
index 697dfb5bd..b85ce1448 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/pagination.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/pagination.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 from django.core.paginator import Paginator
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py b/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py
index ffa39b1f3..c03df08f9 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py
@@ -1,136 +1,4 @@
-# """
-# ..
-#     >>> from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser
-#     >>> from django.test.client import RequestFactory
-#     >>> from rest_framework.views import View
-#     >>> from StringIO import StringIO
-#     >>> from urllib import urlencode
-#     >>> req = RequestFactory().get('/')
-#     >>> some_view = View()
-#     >>> some_view.request = req  # Make as if this request had been dispatched
-#
-# FormParser
-# ============
-#
-# Data flatening
-# ----------------
-#
-# Here is some example data, which would eventually be sent along with a post request :
-#
-#     >>> inpt = urlencode([
-#     ...     ('key1', 'bla1'),
-#     ...     ('key2', 'blo1'), ('key2', 'blo2'),
-#     ... ])
-#
-# Default behaviour for :class:`parsers.FormParser`, is to return a single value for each parameter :
-#
-#     >>> (data, files) = FormParser(some_view).parse(StringIO(inpt))
-#     >>> data == {'key1': 'bla1', 'key2': 'blo1'}
-#     True
-#
-# However, you can customize this behaviour by subclassing :class:`parsers.FormParser`, and overriding :meth:`parsers.FormParser.is_a_list` :
-#
-#     >>> class MyFormParser(FormParser):
-#     ...
-#     ...     def is_a_list(self, key, val_list):
-#     ...         return len(val_list) > 1
-#
-# This new parser only flattens the lists of parameters that contain a single value.
-#
-#     >>> (data, files) = MyFormParser(some_view).parse(StringIO(inpt))
-#     >>> data == {'key1': 'bla1', 'key2': ['blo1', 'blo2']}
-#     True
-#
-# .. note:: The same functionality is available for :class:`parsers.MultiPartParser`.
-#
-# Submitting an empty list
-# --------------------------
-#
-# When submitting an empty select multiple, like this one ::
-#
-#     <select multiple="multiple" name="key2"></select>
-#
-# The browsers usually strip the parameter completely. A hack to avoid this, and therefore being able to submit an empty select multiple, is to submit a value that tells the server that the list is empty ::
-#
-#     <select multiple="multiple" name="key2"><option value="_empty"></select>
-#
-# :class:`parsers.FormParser` provides the server-side implementation for this hack. Considering the following posted data :
-#
-#     >>> inpt = urlencode([
-#     ...     ('key1', 'blo1'), ('key1', '_empty'),
-#     ...     ('key2', '_empty'),
-#     ... ])
-#
-# :class:`parsers.FormParser` strips the values ``_empty`` from all the lists.
-#
-#     >>> (data, files) = MyFormParser(some_view).parse(StringIO(inpt))
-#     >>> data == {'key1': 'blo1'}
-#     True
-#
-# Oh ... but wait a second, the parameter ``key2`` isn't even supposed to be a list, so the parser just stripped it.
-#
-#     >>> class MyFormParser(FormParser):
-#     ...
-#     ...     def is_a_list(self, key, val_list):
-#     ...         return key == 'key2'
-#     ...
-#     >>> (data, files) = MyFormParser(some_view).parse(StringIO(inpt))
-#     >>> data == {'key1': 'blo1', 'key2': []}
-#     True
-#
-# Better like that. Note that you can configure something else than ``_empty`` for the empty value by setting :attr:`parsers.FormParser.EMPTY_VALUE`.
-# """
-# import httplib, mimetypes
-# from tempfile import TemporaryFile
-# from django.test import TestCase
-# from django.test.client import RequestFactory
-# from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser
-# from rest_framework.views import View
-# from StringIO import StringIO
-#
-# def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, files):
-#     """For testing multipart parser.
-#     fields is a sequence of (name, value) elements for regular form fields.
-#     files is a sequence of (name, filename, value) elements for data to be uploaded as files
-#     Return (content_type, body)."""
-#     BOUNDARY = '----------ThIs_Is_tHe_bouNdaRY_$'
-#     CRLF = '\r\n'
-#     L = []
-#     for (key, value) in fields:
-#         L.append('--' + BOUNDARY)
-#         L.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key)
-#         L.append('')
-#         L.append(value)
-#     for (key, filename, value) in files:
-#         L.append('--' + BOUNDARY)
-#         L.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' % (key, filename))
-#         L.append('Content-Type: %s' % get_content_type(filename))
-#         L.append('')
-#         L.append(value)
-#     L.append('--' + BOUNDARY + '--')
-#     L.append('')
-#     body = CRLF.join(L)
-#     content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY
-#     return content_type, body
-#
-# def get_content_type(filename):
-#     return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
-#
-#class TestMultiPartParser(TestCase):
-#    def setUp(self):
-#        self.req = RequestFactory()
-#        self.content_type, self.body = encode_multipart_formdata([('key1', 'val1'), ('key1', 'val2')],
-#        [('file1', 'pic.jpg', 'blablabla'), ('file1', 't.txt', 'blobloblo')])
-#
-#    def test_multipartparser(self):
-#        """Ensure that MultiPartParser can parse multipart/form-data that contains a mix of several files and parameters."""
-#        post_req = RequestFactory().post('/', self.body, content_type=self.content_type)
-#        view = View()
-#        view.request = post_req
-#        (data, files) = MultiPartParser(view).parse(StringIO(self.body))
-#        self.assertEqual(data['key1'], 'val1')
-#        self.assertEqual(files['file1'].read(), 'blablabla')
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
 from django import forms
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/relations.py b/rest_framework/tests/relations.py
index edc85f9ea..5fc320380 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/relations.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/relations.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 General tests for relational fields.
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/relations_hyperlink.py b/rest_framework/tests/relations_hyperlink.py
index 76e314767..4fbf0b639 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/relations_hyperlink.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/relations_hyperlink.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/relations_pk.py b/rest_framework/tests/relations_pk.py
index ca7ac17e7..ffd1127ea 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/relations_pk.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/relations_pk.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.tests.models import ManyToManyTarget, ManyToManySource, ForeignKeyTarget, ForeignKeySource, NullableForeignKeySource, OneToOneTarget, NullableOneToOneSource
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/request.py b/rest_framework/tests/request.py
index 92b1bfd8d..9d4fdc7bd 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/request.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/request.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 Tests for content parsing, and form-overloaded content parsing.
 """
-import json
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
 from django.contrib.sessions.middleware import SessionMiddleware
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.compat import six
+import json
 
 
 factory = RequestFactory()
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/response.py b/rest_framework/tests/response.py
index 453488d00..3e1da9051 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/response.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/response.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url, include
 from rest_framework.response import Response
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/reverse.py b/rest_framework/tests/reverse.py
index 8c86e1fbe..4ad4d684f 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/reverse.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/reverse.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py b/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py
index 1f46cfc7a..dda388aa1 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-import datetime
-import pickle
 from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.tests.models import (HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice, Album, ActionItem, Anchor, BasicModel,
     BlankFieldModel, BlogPost, Book, CallableDefaultValueModel, DefaultValueModel,
     ManyToManyModel, Person, ReadOnlyManyToManyModel, Photo)
+import datetime
+import pickle
 
 
 class SubComment(object):
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/settings.py b/rest_framework/tests/settings.py
index 0293fdc3e..857375c21 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/settings.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/settings.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the settings module"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from rest_framework.settings import APISettings, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/status.py b/rest_framework/tests/status.py
index 30df5cef3..c0d11b5f2 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/status.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/status.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the status module"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import status
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/testcases.py b/rest_framework/tests/testcases.py
index 97f492ff4..f8c2579e6 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/testcases.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/testcases.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # http://djangosnippets.org/snippets/1011/
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.db.models import loading
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/tests.py b/rest_framework/tests/tests.py
index adeaf6da3..08f88e113 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/tests.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/tests.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Force import of all modules in this package in order to get the standard test
 runner to pick up the tests.  Yowzers.
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import os
 
 modules = [filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/throttling.py b/rest_framework/tests/throttling.py
index 4b98b9414..4616f3254 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/throttling.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/throttling.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 """
 Tests for the throttling implementations in the permissions module.
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.cache import cache
-
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/urlpatterns.py b/rest_framework/tests/urlpatterns.py
index 43e8ef692..41245ad15 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/urlpatterns.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/urlpatterns.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from collections import namedtuple
-
 from django.core import urlresolvers
-
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
-
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url, include
 from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/utils.py b/rest_framework/tests/utils.py
index 4e6faac42..224c4f9d3 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/utils.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/utils.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory, FakePayload
 from django.test.client import MULTIPART_CONTENT
 from rest_framework.compat import urlparse
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/views.py b/rest_framework/tests/views.py
index f24325168..7063c3fbe 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/views.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/views.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-import copy
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
 from rest_framework import status
@@ -8,6 +6,7 @@ from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
+import copy
 
 factory = RequestFactory()
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/throttling.py b/rest_framework/throttling.py
index 8fe64248d..810cad637 100644
--- a/rest_framework/throttling.py
+++ b/rest_framework/throttling.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import time
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.cache import cache
 from rest_framework import exceptions
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
+import time
 
 
 class BaseThrottle(object):
diff --git a/rest_framework/urlpatterns.py b/rest_framework/urlpatterns.py
index 47789026f..d9143bb4c 100644
--- a/rest_framework/urlpatterns.py
+++ b/rest_framework/urlpatterns.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.core.urlresolvers import RegexURLResolver
 from rest_framework.compat import url, include
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
-from django.core.urlresolvers import RegexURLResolver
 
 
 def apply_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns, suffix_pattern, suffix_required):
diff --git a/rest_framework/urls.py b/rest_framework/urls.py
index fbe4bc07e..9c4719f1d 100644
--- a/rest_framework/urls.py
+++ b/rest_framework/urls.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ your authentication settings include `SessionAuthentication`.
         url(r'^auth', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
     )
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py b/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py
index 1603f9725..3bab3b5fa 100644
--- a/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator
 from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
 from rest_framework.compat import six
diff --git a/rest_framework/utils/breadcrumbs.py b/rest_framework/utils/breadcrumbs.py
index 80e39d46d..af21ac79b 100644
--- a/rest_framework/utils/breadcrumbs.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/breadcrumbs.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve, get_script_prefix
 
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/utils/encoders.py b/rest_framework/utils/encoders.py
index 7afe100a8..b6de18a81 100644
--- a/rest_framework/utils/encoders.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/encoders.py
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 """
 Helper classes for parsers.
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
+from rest_framework.compat import timezone
+from rest_framework.serializers import DictWithMetadata, SortedDictWithMetadata
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import types
 import json
-from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
-from rest_framework.compat import timezone
-from rest_framework.serializers import DictWithMetadata, SortedDictWithMetadata
 
 
 class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
diff --git a/rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py b/rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py
index aea1b6292..c09c29338 100644
--- a/rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Handling of media types, as found in HTTP Content-Type and Accept headers.
 
 See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.7
 """
-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header
 from rest_framework import HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/views.py b/rest_framework/views.py
index ac9b33855..ef2b5f920 100644
--- a/rest_framework/views.py
+++ b/rest_framework/views.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 """
 Provides an APIView class that is used as the base of all class-based views.
 """
-
-import re
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.utils.html import escape
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ from rest_framework.compat import View, apply_markdown
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.request import Request
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
+import re
 
 
 def _remove_trailing_string(content, trailing):