Code linting and added runtests.py

2025-11-04 09:57:55 +03:00 · 2014-08-19 13:28:07 +01:00 · 2014-08-19 13:28:07 +01:00 · bf09c32de8
commit bf09c32de8
parent e385a7b8eb
60 changed files with 548 additions and 305 deletions
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ install:
  - export PYTHONPATH=.

 script:
-  - py.test
+  - ./runtests.py

 matrix:
  exclude:
--- a/pytest.ini
+++ b/pytest.ini
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-addopts = --tb=short
--- a/requirements-test.txt
+++ b/requirements-test.txt
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# Test requirements
+pytest-django==2.6
+pytest==2.5.2
+pytest-cov==1.6
+
+# Optional packages
 markdown>=2.1.0
 PyYAML>=3.10
 defusedxml>=0.3
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@ -1,3 +1 @@
-e .
 Django>=1.3
-pytest-django==2.6
--- a/rest_framework/init.py
+++ b/rest_framework/init.py
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 """
-______ _____ _____ _____    __                                             _    
-| ___ \  ___/  ___|_   _|  / _|                                           | |   
-| |_/ / |__ \ `--.  | |   | |_ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___   _____      _____  _ __| | __
+______ _____ _____ _____    __
+| ___ \  ___/  ___|_   _|  / _|                                           | |
+| |_/ / |__ \ `--.  | |   | |_ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___   _____      _____  _ __| |__
 |    /|  __| `--. \ | |   |  _| '__/ _` | '_ ` _ \ / _ \ \ /\ / / _ \| '__| |/ /
-| |\ \| |___/\__/ / | |   | | | | | (_| | | | | | |  __/\ V  V / (_) | |  |   < 
+| |\ \| |___/\__/ / | |   | | | | | (_| | | | | | |  __/\ V  V / (_) | |  |   <
 \_| \_\____/\____/  \_/   |_| |_|  \__,_|_| |_| |_|\___| \_/\_/ \___/|_|  |_|\_|
 """

--- a/rest_framework/authentication.py
+++ b/rest_framework/authentication.py
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def get_authorization_header(request):
    Hide some test client ickyness where the header can be unicode.
    """
    auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
-    if type(auth) == type(''):
+    if isinstance(auth, type('')):
        # Work around django test client oddness
        auth = auth.encode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING)
    return auth
--- a/rest_framework/authtoken/models.py
+++ b/rest_framework/authtoken/models.py
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import binascii
 import os
-from hashlib import sha1
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import models

--- a/rest_framework/authtoken/south_migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/rest_framework/authtoken/south_migrations/0001_initial.py
@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import datetime
 from south.db import db
 from south.v2 import SchemaMigration
-from django.db import models
-
-from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
-

 try:
    from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
-except ImportError: # django < 1.5
+except ImportError:  # django < 1.5
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 else:
    User = get_user_model()
@ -26,12 +21,10 @@ class Migration(SchemaMigration):
        ))
        db.send_create_signal('authtoken', ['Token'])

-
    def backwards(self, orm):
        # Deleting model 'Token'
        db.delete_table('authtoken_token')

-
    models = {
        'auth.group': {
            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Group'},
--- a/rest_framework/decorators.py
+++ b/rest_framework/decorators.py
@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ def list_route(methods=['get'], **kwargs):
        return func
    return decorator

+
 # These are now pending deprecation, in favor of `detail_route` and `list_route`.

 def link(**kwargs):
@ -139,11 +140,13 @@ def link(**kwargs):
    """
    msg = 'link is pending deprecation. Use detail_route instead.'
    warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
    def decorator(func):
        func.bind_to_methods = ['get']
        func.detail = True
        func.kwargs = kwargs
        return func
+
    return decorator


@ -153,9 +156,11 @@ def action(methods=['post'], **kwargs):
    """
    msg = 'action is pending deprecation. Use detail_route instead.'
    warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
    def decorator(func):
        func.bind_to_methods = methods
        func.detail = True
        func.kwargs = kwargs
        return func
-    return decorator
+
+    return decorator
--- a/rest_framework/exceptions.py
+++ b/rest_framework/exceptions.py
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class APIException(Exception):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.detail

+
 class ParseError(APIException):
    status_code = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
    default_detail = 'Malformed request.'
--- a/rest_framework/filters.py
+++ b/rest_framework/filters.py
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class OrderingFilter(BaseFilterBackend):
    def get_ordering(self, request):
        """
        Ordering is set by a comma delimited ?ordering=... query parameter.
-        
+
        The `ordering` query parameter can be overridden by setting
        the `ordering_param` value on the OrderingFilter or by
        specifying an `ORDERING_PARAM` value in the API settings.
--- a/rest_framework/generics.py
+++ b/rest_framework/generics.py
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def strict_positive_int(integer_string, cutoff=None):
        ret = min(ret, cutoff)
    return ret

+
 def get_object_or_404(queryset, *filter_args, **filter_kwargs):
    """
    Same as Django's standard shortcut, but make sure to raise 404
@ -162,10 +163,11 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
                raise Http404(_("Page is not 'last', nor can it be converted to an int."))
        try:
            page = paginator.page(page_number)
-        except InvalidPage as e:
-            raise Http404(_('Invalid page (%(page_number)s): %(message)s') % {
-                                'page_number': page_number,
-                                'message': str(e)
+        except InvalidPage as exc:
+            error_format = _('Invalid page (%(page_number)s): %(message)s')
+            raise Http404(error_format % {
+                'page_number': page_number,
+                'message': str(exc)
            })

        if deprecated_style:
@ -208,7 +210,6 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):

        return filter_backends

-
    ########################
    ### The following methods provide default implementations
    ### that you may want to override for more complex cases.
@ -284,8 +285,8 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
        if self.model is not None:
            return self.model._default_manager.all()

-        raise ImproperlyConfigured("'%s' must define 'queryset' or 'model'"
-                                    % self.__class__.__name__)
+        error_format = "'%s' must define 'queryset' or 'model'"
+        raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_format % self.__class__.__name__)

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        """
--- a/rest_framework/negotiation.py
+++ b/rest_framework/negotiation.py
@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ class DefaultContentNegotiation(BaseContentNegotiation):
                for media_type in media_type_set:
                    if media_type_matches(renderer.media_type, media_type):
                        # Return the most specific media type as accepted.
-                        if (_MediaType(renderer.media_type).precedence >
-                            _MediaType(media_type).precedence):
+                        if (
+                            _MediaType(renderer.media_type).precedence >
+                            _MediaType(media_type).precedence
+                        ):
                            # Eg client requests '*/*'
                            # Accepted media type is 'application/json'
                            return renderer, renderer.media_type
--- a/rest_framework/permissions.py
+++ b/rest_framework/permissions.py
@ -62,9 +62,11 @@ class IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly(BasePermission):
    """

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
-        return (request.method in SAFE_METHODS or 
-            request.user and 
-            request.user.is_authenticated())
+        return (
+            request.method in SAFE_METHODS or
+            request.user and
+            request.user.is_authenticated()
+        )


 class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission):
@ -122,9 +124,11 @@ class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission):

        perms = self.get_required_permissions(request.method, model_cls)

-        return (request.user and
+        return (
+            request.user and
            (request.user.is_authenticated() or not self.authenticated_users_only) and
-            request.user.has_perms(perms))
+            request.user.has_perms(perms)
+        )


 class DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly(DjangoModelPermissions):
@ -212,6 +216,8 @@ class TokenHasReadWriteScope(BasePermission):
            required = oauth2_constants.READ if read_only else oauth2_constants.WRITE
            return oauth2_provider_scope.check(required, request.auth.scope)

-        assert False, ('TokenHasReadWriteScope requires either the'
-        '`OAuthAuthentication` or `OAuth2Authentication` authentication '
-        'class to be used.')
+        assert False, (
+            'TokenHasReadWriteScope requires either the'
+            '`OAuthAuthentication` or `OAuth2Authentication` authentication '
+            'class to be used.'
+        )
--- a/rest_framework/renderers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/renderers.py
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ REST framework also provides an HTML renderer the renders the browsable API.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals

-import copy
 import json
 import django
 from django import forms
@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
        # E.g. If we're being called by the BrowsableAPIRenderer.
        return renderer_context.get('indent', None)

-
    def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
        """
        Render `data` into JSON, returning a bytestring.
@ -86,8 +84,10 @@ class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
        renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
        indent = self.get_indent(accepted_media_type, renderer_context)

-        ret = json.dumps(data, cls=self.encoder_class,
-            indent=indent, ensure_ascii=self.ensure_ascii)
+        ret = json.dumps(
+            data, cls=self.encoder_class,
+            indent=indent, ensure_ascii=self.ensure_ascii
+        )

        # On python 2.x json.dumps() returns bytestrings if ensure_ascii=True,
        # but if ensure_ascii=False, the return type is underspecified,
@ -454,8 +454,10 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
            if method in ('DELETE', 'OPTIONS'):
                return True  # Don't actually need to return a form

-            if (not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None)
-                or not any(is_form_media_type(parser.media_type) for parser in view.parser_classes)):
+            if (
+                not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None)
+                or not any(is_form_media_type(parser.media_type) for parser in view.parser_classes)
+            ):
                return

            serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=data, files=files)
@ -576,7 +578,7 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
            'version': VERSION,
            'breadcrumblist': self.get_breadcrumbs(request),
            'allowed_methods': view.allowed_methods,
-            'available_formats': [renderer.format for renderer in view.renderer_classes],
+            'available_formats': [renderer_cls.format for renderer_cls in view.renderer_classes],
            'response_headers': response_headers,

            'put_form': self.get_rendered_html_form(view, 'PUT', request),
@ -625,4 +627,3 @@ class MultiPartRenderer(BaseRenderer):

    def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
        return encode_multipart(self.BOUNDARY, data)
-
--- a/rest_framework/request.py
+++ b/rest_framework/request.py
@ -295,8 +295,11 @@ class Request(object):
        Return the content body of the request, as a stream.
        """
        try:
-            content_length = int(self.META.get('CONTENT_LENGTH',
-                                    self.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH')))
+            content_length = int(
+                self.META.get(
+                    'CONTENT_LENGTH', self.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH')
+                )
+            )
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            content_length = 0

@ -320,9 +323,11 @@ class Request(object):
        )

        # We only need to use form overloading on form POST requests.
-        if (not USE_FORM_OVERLOADING
+        if (
+            not USE_FORM_OVERLOADING
            or self._request.method != 'POST'
-            or not is_form_media_type(self._content_type)):
+            or not is_form_media_type(self._content_type)
+        ):
            return

        # At this point we're committed to parsing the request as form data.
@ -330,15 +335,19 @@ class Request(object):
        self._files = self._request.FILES

        # Method overloading - change the method and remove the param from the content.
-        if (self._METHOD_PARAM and
-            self._METHOD_PARAM in self._data):
+        if (
+            self._METHOD_PARAM and
+            self._METHOD_PARAM in self._data
+        ):
            self._method = self._data[self._METHOD_PARAM].upper()

        # Content overloading - modify the content type, and force re-parse.
-        if (self._CONTENT_PARAM and
+        if (
+            self._CONTENT_PARAM and
            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM and
            self._CONTENT_PARAM in self._data and
-            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM in self._data):
+            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM in self._data
+        ):
            self._content_type = self._data[self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM]
            self._stream = BytesIO(self._data[self._CONTENT_PARAM].encode(self.parser_context['encoding']))
            self._data, self._files = (Empty, Empty)
--- a/rest_framework/response.py
+++ b/rest_framework/response.py
@ -62,8 +62,10 @@ class Response(SimpleTemplateResponse):

        ret = renderer.render(self.data, media_type, context)
        if isinstance(ret, six.text_type):
-            assert charset, 'renderer returned unicode, and did not specify ' \
-            'a charset value.'
+            assert charset, (
+                'renderer returned unicode, and did not specify '
+                'a charset value.'
+            )
            return bytes(ret.encode(charset))

        if not ret:
--- a/rest_framework/serializers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/serializers.py
@ -449,9 +449,11 @@ class BaseSerializer(WritableField):

                # If we have a model manager or similar object then we need
                # to iterate through each instance.
-                if (self.many and
+                if (
+                    self.many and
                    not hasattr(obj, '__iter__') and
-                    is_simple_callable(getattr(obj, 'all', None))):
+                    is_simple_callable(getattr(obj, 'all', None))
+                ):
                    obj = obj.all()

                kwargs = {
@ -601,8 +603,10 @@ class BaseSerializer(WritableField):
        API schemas for auto-documentation.
        """
        return SortedDict(
-            [(field_name, field.metadata())
-            for field_name, field in six.iteritems(self.fields)]
+            [
+                (field_name, field.metadata())
+                for field_name, field in six.iteritems(self.fields)
+            ]
        )


@ -656,8 +660,10 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
        """

        cls = self.opts.model
-        assert cls is not None, \
-                "Serializer class '%s' is missing 'model' Meta option" % self.__class__.__name__
+        assert cls is not None, (
+            "Serializer class '%s' is missing 'model' Meta option" %
+            self.__class__.__name__
+        )
        opts = cls._meta.concrete_model._meta
        ret = SortedDict()
        nested = bool(self.opts.depth)
@ -668,9 +674,9 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
            # If model is a child via multitable inheritance, use parent's pk
            pk_field = pk_field.rel.to._meta.pk

-        field = self.get_pk_field(pk_field)
-        if field:
-            ret[pk_field.name] = field
+        serializer_pk_field = self.get_pk_field(pk_field)
+        if serializer_pk_field:
+            ret[pk_field.name] = serializer_pk_field

        # Deal with forward relationships
        forward_rels = [field for field in opts.fields if field.serialize]
@ -739,9 +745,11 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
            is_m2m = isinstance(relation.field,
                                models.fields.related.ManyToManyField)

-            if (is_m2m and
+            if (
+                is_m2m and
                hasattr(relation.field.rel, 'through') and
-                not relation.field.rel.through._meta.auto_created):
+                not relation.field.rel.through._meta.auto_created
+            ):
                has_through_model = True

            if nested:
@ -911,10 +919,12 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):

        for field_name, field in self.fields.items():
            field_name = field.source or field_name
-            if field_name in exclusions \
-                and not field.read_only \
-                and (field.required or hasattr(instance, field_name)) \
-                and not isinstance(field, Serializer):
+            if (
+                field_name in exclusions
+                and not field.read_only
+                and (field.required or hasattr(instance, field_name))
+                and not isinstance(field, Serializer)
+            ):
                exclusions.remove(field_name)
        return exclusions

--- a/rest_framework/settings.py
+++ b/rest_framework/settings.py
@ -46,16 +46,12 @@ DEFAULTS = {
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
    ),
-    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
-    ),
-    'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS':
-        'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation',
+    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (),
+    'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation',

    # Genric view behavior
-    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
-        'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer',
-    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
-        'rest_framework.pagination.PaginationSerializer',
+    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer',
+    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PaginationSerializer',
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': (),

    # Throttling
--- a/rest_framework/status.py
+++ b/rest_framework/status.py
@ -10,15 +10,19 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 def is_informational(code):
    return code >= 100 and code <= 199

+
 def is_success(code):
    return code >= 200 and code <= 299

+
 def is_redirect(code):
    return code >= 300 and code <= 399

+
 def is_client_error(code):
    return code >= 400 and code <= 499

+
 def is_server_error(code):
    return code >= 500 and code <= 599

--- a/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
+++ b/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
@ -152,8 +152,10 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
                    middle = middle[len(opening):]
                    lead = lead + opening
                # Keep parentheses at the end only if they're balanced.
-                if (middle.endswith(closing)
-                    and middle.count(closing) == middle.count(opening) + 1):
+                if (
+                    middle.endswith(closing)
+                    and middle.count(closing) == middle.count(opening) + 1
+                ):
                    middle = middle[:-len(closing)]
                    trail = closing + trail

--- a/rest_framework/test.py
+++ b/rest_framework/test.py
@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ class APIRequestFactory(DjangoRequestFactory):
        else:
            format = format or self.default_format

-            assert format in self.renderer_classes, ("Invalid format '{0}'. "
-                "Available formats are {1}.  Set TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES "
-                "to enable extra request formats.".format(
+            assert format in self.renderer_classes, (
+                "Invalid format '{0}'. Available formats are {1}. "
+                "Set TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES to enable "
+                "extra request formats.".format(
                    format,
                    ', '.join(["'" + fmt + "'" for fmt in self.renderer_classes.keys()])
                )
--- a/rest_framework/urls.py
+++ b/rest_framework/urls.py
@ -8,17 +8,19 @@ your API requires authentication:
        ...
        url(r'^auth', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
    )
-    
+
 The urls must be namespaced as 'rest_framework', and you should make sure
 your authentication settings include `SessionAuthentication`.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
+from django.contrib.auth import views


 template_name = {'template_name': 'rest_framework/login.html'}

-urlpatterns = patterns('django.contrib.auth.views',
-    url(r'^login/$', 'login', template_name, name='login'),
-    url(r'^logout/$', 'logout', template_name, name='logout'),
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
+    url(r'^login/$', views.login, template_name, name='login'),
+    url(r'^logout/$', views.logout, template_name, name='logout')
 )
--- a/rest_framework/utils/encoders.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/encoders.py
@ -98,14 +98,23 @@ else:
                    node.flow_style = best_style
            return node

-    SafeDumper.add_representer(decimal.Decimal,
-            SafeDumper.represent_decimal)
-
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(SortedDict,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(DictWithMetadata,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(SortedDictWithMetadata,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(types.GeneratorType,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_list)
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        decimal.Decimal,
+        SafeDumper.represent_decimal
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        SortedDict,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        DictWithMetadata,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        SortedDictWithMetadata,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        types.GeneratorType,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_list
+    )
--- a/rest_framework/utils/formatting.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/formatting.py
@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 from rest_framework.compat import apply_markdown
-from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
-from textwrap import dedent
 import re


@ -40,6 +38,7 @@ def dedent(content):

    return content.strip()

+
 def camelcase_to_spaces(content):
    """
    Translate 'CamelCaseNames' to 'Camel Case Names'.
@ -49,6 +48,7 @@ def camelcase_to_spaces(content):
    content = re.sub(camelcase_boundry, ' \\1', content).strip()
    return ' '.join(content.split('_')).title()

+
 def markup_description(description):
    """
    Apply HTML markup to the given description.
--- a/rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class _MediaType(object):
            if key != 'q' and other.params.get(key, None) != self.params.get(key, None):
                return False

-        if self.sub_type != '*' and other.sub_type != '*'  and other.sub_type != self.sub_type:
+        if self.sub_type != '*' and other.sub_type != '*' and other.sub_type != self.sub_type:
            return False

        if self.main_type != '*' and other.main_type != '*' and other.main_type != self.main_type:
--- a/rest_framework/views.py
+++ b/rest_framework/views.py
@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def get_view_name(view_cls, suffix=None):

    return name

+
 def get_view_description(view_cls, html=False):
    """
    Given a view class, return a textual description to represent the view.
@ -119,7 +120,6 @@ class APIView(View):
            headers['Vary'] = 'Accept'
        return headers

-
    def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        If `request.method` does not correspond to a handler method,
--- a/rest_framework/viewsets.py
+++ b/rest_framework/viewsets.py
@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ class ReadOnlyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,


 class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
-                    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
-                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
-                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
-                    mixins.ListModelMixin,
-                    GenericViewSet):
+                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
+                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
+                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
+                   mixins.ListModelMixin,
+                   GenericViewSet):
    """
    A viewset that provides default `create()`, `retrieve()`, `update()`,
    `partial_update()`, `destroy()` and `list()` actions.
--- a/runtests.py
+++ b/runtests.py
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import pytest
+import sys
+import os
+import subprocess
+
+
+PYTEST_ARGS = {
+    'default': ['tests'],
+    'fast': ['tests', '-q'],
+}
+
+FLAKE8_ARGS = ['rest_framework', 'tests', '--ignore=E501']
+
+
+sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+def exit_on_failure(ret, message=None):
+    if ret:
+        sys.exit(ret)
+
+def flake8_main(args):
+    print('Running flake8 code linting')
+    ret = subprocess.call(['flake8'] + args)
+    print('flake8 failed' if ret else 'flake8 passed')
+    return ret
+
+def split_class_and_function(string):
+    class_string, function_string = string.split('.', 1)
+    return "%s and %s" % (class_string, function_string)
+
+def is_function(string):
+    # `True` if it looks like a test function is included in the string.
+    return string.startswith('test_') or '.test_' in string
+
+def is_class(string):
+    # `True` if first character is uppercase - assume it's a class name.
+    return string[0] == string[0].upper()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        sys.argv.remove('--nolint')
+    except ValueError:
+        run_flake8 = True
+    else:
+        run_flake8 = False
+
+    try:
+        sys.argv.remove('--lintonly')
+    except ValueError:
+        run_tests = True
+    else:
+        run_tests = False
+
+    try:
+        sys.argv.remove('--fast')
+    except ValueError:
+        style = 'default'
+    else:
+        style = 'fast'
+        run_flake8 = False
+
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        pytest_args = sys.argv[1:]
+        first_arg = pytest_args[0]
+        if first_arg.startswith('-'):
+            # `runtests.py [flags]`
+            pytest_args = ['tests'] + pytest_args
+        elif is_class(first_arg) and is_function(first_arg):
+            # `runtests.py TestCase.test_function [flags]`
+            expression = split_class_and_function(first_arg)
+            pytest_args = ['tests', '-k', expression] + pytest_args[1:]
+        elif is_class(first_arg) or is_function(first_arg):
+            # `runtests.py TestCase [flags]` 
+            # `runtests.py test_function [flags]`
+            pytest_args = ['tests', '-k', pytest_args[0]] + pytest_args[1:]
+    else:
+        pytest_args = PYTEST_ARGS[style]
+
+    if run_tests:
+        exit_on_failure(pytest.main(pytest_args))
+    if run_flake8:
+        exit_on_failure(flake8_main(FLAKE8_ARGS))
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
--- a/tests/serializers.py
+++ b/tests/serializers.py
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from rest_framework import serializers
-
 from tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource


--- a/tests/settings.py
+++ b/tests/settings.py
@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ SECRET_KEY = 'u@x-aj9(hoh#rb-^ymf#g2jx_hp0vj7u5#b@ag1n^seu9e!%cy'
 TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
-#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
 )

 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
@ -104,8 +103,8 @@ INSTALLED_APPS = (

 # OAuth is optional and won't work if there is no oauth_provider & oauth2
 try:
-    import oauth_provider
-    import oauth2
+    import oauth_provider  # NOQA
+    import oauth2  # NOQA
 except ImportError:
    pass
 else:
@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ else:
    )

 try:
-    import provider
+    import provider  # NOQA
 except ImportError:
    pass
 else:
@ -125,13 +124,13 @@ else:

 # guardian is optional
 try:
-    import guardian
+    import guardian  # NOQA
 except ImportError:
    pass
 else:
    ANONYMOUS_USER_ID = -1
    AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
-        'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend', # default
+        'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',  # default
        'guardian.backends.ObjectPermissionBackend',
    )
    INSTALLED_APPS += (
--- a/tests/test_authentication.py
+++ b/tests/test_authentication.py
@ -45,26 +45,39 @@ class MockView(APIView):
        return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})


-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    (r'^session/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[SessionAuthentication])),
    (r'^basic/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[BasicAuthentication])),
    (r'^token/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[TokenAuthentication])),
    (r'^auth-token/$', 'rest_framework.authtoken.views.obtain_auth_token'),
    (r'^oauth/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication])),
-    (r'^oauth-with-scope/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication],
-        permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope]))
+    (
+        r'^oauth-with-scope/$',
+        MockView.as_view(
+            authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication],
+            permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope]
+        )
+    )
 )

+
 class OAuth2AuthenticationDebug(OAuth2Authentication):
    allow_query_params_token = True

 if oauth2_provider is not None:
-    urlpatterns += patterns('',
+    urlpatterns += patterns(
+        '',
        url(r'^oauth2/', include('provider.oauth2.urls', namespace='oauth2')),
        url(r'^oauth2-test/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication])),
        url(r'^oauth2-test-debug/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2AuthenticationDebug])),
-        url(r'^oauth2-with-scope-test/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication],
-            permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope])),
+        url(
+            r'^oauth2-with-scope-test/$',
+            MockView.as_view(
+                authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication],
+                permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope]
+            )
+        )
    )


@ -278,12 +291,16 @@ class OAuthTests(TestCase):
        self.TOKEN_KEY = "token_key"
        self.TOKEN_SECRET = "token_secret"

-        self.consumer = Consumer.objects.create(key=self.CONSUMER_KEY, secret=self.CONSUMER_SECRET,
-            name='example', user=self.user, status=self.consts.ACCEPTED)
+        self.consumer = Consumer.objects.create(
+            key=self.CONSUMER_KEY, secret=self.CONSUMER_SECRET,
+            name='example', user=self.user, status=self.consts.ACCEPTED
+        )

        self.scope = Scope.objects.create(name="resource name", url="api/")
-        self.token = OAuthToken.objects.create(user=self.user, consumer=self.consumer, scope=self.scope,
-            token_type=OAuthToken.ACCESS, key=self.TOKEN_KEY, secret=self.TOKEN_SECRET, is_approved=True
+        self.token = OAuthToken.objects.create(
+            user=self.user, consumer=self.consumer, scope=self.scope,
+            token_type=OAuthToken.ACCESS, key=self.TOKEN_KEY, secret=self.TOKEN_SECRET,
+            is_approved=True
        )

    def _create_authorization_header(self):
@ -501,24 +518,24 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
        self.REFRESH_TOKEN = "refresh_token"

        self.oauth2_client = oauth2_provider.oauth2.models.Client.objects.create(
-                client_id=self.CLIENT_ID,
-                client_secret=self.CLIENT_SECRET,
-                redirect_uri='',
-                client_type=0,
-                name='example',
-                user=None,
-            )
+            client_id=self.CLIENT_ID,
+            client_secret=self.CLIENT_SECRET,
+            redirect_uri='',
+            client_type=0,
+            name='example',
+            user=None,
+        )

        self.access_token = oauth2_provider.oauth2.models.AccessToken.objects.create(
-                token=self.ACCESS_TOKEN,
-                client=self.oauth2_client,
-                user=self.user,
-            )
+            token=self.ACCESS_TOKEN,
+            client=self.oauth2_client,
+            user=self.user,
+        )
        self.refresh_token = oauth2_provider.oauth2.models.RefreshToken.objects.create(
-                user=self.user,
-                access_token=self.access_token,
-                client=self.oauth2_client
-            )
+            user=self.user,
+            access_token=self.access_token,
+            client=self.oauth2_client
+        )

    def _create_authorization_header(self, token=None):
        return "Bearer {0}".format(token or self.access_token.token)
@ -569,8 +586,10 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
    @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
    def test_post_form_passing_auth_url_transport(self):
        """Ensure GETing form over OAuth with correct client credentials in form data succeed"""
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/',
-                data={'access_token': self.access_token.token})
+        response = self.csrf_client.post(
+            '/oauth2-test/',
+            data={'access_token': self.access_token.token}
+        )
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
--- a/tests/test_breadcrumbs.py
+++ b/tests/test_breadcrumbs.py
@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ class NestedResourceRoot(APIView):
 class NestedResourceInstance(APIView):
    pass

-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^$', Root.as_view()),
    url(r'^resource/$', ResourceRoot.as_view()),
    url(r'^resource/(?P<key>[0-9]+)$', ResourceInstance.as_view()),
@ -40,34 +41,60 @@ class BreadcrumbTests(TestCase):

    def test_root_breadcrumbs(self):
        url = '/'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [('Root', '/')]
+        )

    def test_resource_root_breadcrumbs(self):
        url = '/resource/'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/')
+            ]
+        )

    def test_resource_instance_breadcrumbs(self):
        url = '/resource/123'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
-                                            ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
+                ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123')
+            ]
+        )

    def test_nested_resource_breadcrumbs(self):
        url = '/resource/123/'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
-                                            ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
-                                            ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
+                ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
+                ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/')
+            ]
+        )

    def test_nested_resource_instance_breadcrumbs(self):
        url = '/resource/123/abc'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
-                                            ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
-                                            ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/'),
-                                            ('Nested Resource Instance', '/resource/123/abc')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
+                ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
+                ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/'),
+                ('Nested Resource Instance', '/resource/123/abc')
+            ]
+        )

    def test_broken_url_breadcrumbs_handled_gracefully(self):
        url = '/foobar'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [('Root', '/')]
+        )
--- a/tests/test_fields.py
+++ b/tests/test_fields.py
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
        s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '123'})

        self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 100.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 100.']})

    def test_raise_min_value(self):
        """
@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
        s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '99'})

        self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 100.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 100.']})

    def test_raise_max_digits(self):
        """
@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
        s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '123.456'})

        self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 5 digits in total.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 5 digits in total.']})

    def test_raise_max_decimal_places(self):
        """
@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
        s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '123.4567'})

        self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 3 decimal places.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 3 decimal places.']})

    def test_raise_max_whole_digits(self):
        """
@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
        s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '12345.6'})

        self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 4 digits in total.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 4 digits in total.']})


 class ChoiceFieldTests(TestCase):
@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ class ChoiceFieldTests(TestCase):
    def test_invalid_choice_model(self):
        s = ChoiceFieldModelSerializer(data={'choice': 'wrong_value'})
        self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'choice': ['Select a valid choice. wrong_value is not one of the available choices.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'choice': ['Select a valid choice. wrong_value is not one of the available choices.']})
        self.assertEqual(s.data['choice'], '')

    def test_empty_choice_model(self):
@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ class SlugFieldTests(TestCase):
        s = SlugFieldSerializer(data={'slug_field': 'a b'})

        self.assertEqual(s.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'slug_field': ["Enter a valid 'slug' consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens."]})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'slug_field': ["Enter a valid 'slug' consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens."]})


 class URLFieldTests(TestCase):
--- a/tests/test_files.py
+++ b/tests/test_files.py
@ -85,11 +85,8 @@ class FileSerializerTests(TestCase):
        """
        Validation should still function when no data dictionary is provided.
        """
-        now = datetime.datetime.now()
-        file = BytesIO(six.b('stuff'))
-        file.name = 'stuff.txt'
-        file.size = len(file.getvalue())
-        uploaded_file = UploadedFile(file=file, created=now)
-
-        serializer = UploadedFileSerializer(files={'file': file})
+        uploaded_file = BytesIO(six.b('stuff'))
+        uploaded_file.name = 'stuff.txt'
+        uploaded_file.size = len(uploaded_file.getvalue())
+        serializer = UploadedFileSerializer(files={'file': uploaded_file})
        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
--- a/tests/test_filters.py
+++ b/tests/test_filters.py
@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ if django_filters:
        def get_queryset(self):
            return FilterableItem.objects.all()

-    urlpatterns = patterns('',
+    urlpatterns = patterns(
+        '',
        url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', FilterClassDetailView.as_view(), name='detail-view'),
        url(r'^$', FilterClassRootView.as_view(), name='root-view'),
        url(r'^get-queryset/$', GetQuerysetView.as_view(),
@ -653,8 +654,8 @@ class SensitiveOrderingFilterTests(TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(
                response.data,
                [
-                    {'id': 1, username_field: 'userA'}, # PassB
-                    {'id': 2, username_field: 'userB'}, # PassC
-                    {'id': 3, username_field: 'userC'}, # PassA
+                    {'id': 1, username_field: 'userA'},  # PassB
+                    {'id': 2, username_field: 'userB'},  # PassC
+                    {'id': 3, username_field: 'userC'},  # PassA
                ]
            )
--- a/tests/test_genericrelations.py
+++ b/tests/test_genericrelations.py
@ -117,18 +117,18 @@ class TestGenericRelations(TestCase):

        serializer = TagSerializer(Tag.objects.all(), many=True)
        expected = [
-        {
-            'tag': 'django',
-            'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
-        },
-        {
-            'tag': 'python',
-            'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
-        },
-        {
-            'tag': 'reminder',
-            'tagged_item': 'Note: Remember the milk'
-        }
+            {
+                'tag': 'django',
+                'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
+            },
+            {
+                'tag': 'python',
+                'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
+            },
+            {
+                'tag': 'reminder',
+                'tagged_item': 'Note: Remember the milk'
+            }
        ]
        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)

--- a/tests/test_htmlrenderer.py
+++ b/tests/test_htmlrenderer.py
@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ def not_found(request):
    raise Http404()


-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^$', example),
    url(r'^permission_denied$', permission_denied),
    url(r'^not_found$', not_found),
--- a/tests/test_hyperlinkedserializers.py
+++ b/tests/test_hyperlinkedserializers.py
@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ class OptionalRelationDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    model_serializer_class = serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer


-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^basic/$', BasicList.as_view(), name='basicmodel-list'),
    url(r'^basic/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', BasicDetail.as_view(), name='basicmodel-detail'),
    url(r'^anchor/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', AnchorDetail.as_view(), name='anchor-detail'),
--- a/tests/test_pagination.py
+++ b/tests/test_pagination.py
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
-from django.db import models
 from django.core.paginator import Paginator
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import unittest
@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ from .models import BasicModel, FilterableItem

 factory = APIRequestFactory()

+
 # Helper function to split arguments out of an url
 def split_arguments_from_url(url):
    if '?' not in url:
@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ class TestUnpaginated(TestCase):
            BasicModel(text=i).save()
        self.objects = BasicModel.objects
        self.data = [
-        {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-        for obj in self.objects.all()
+            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
+            for obj in self.objects.all()
        ]
        self.view = DefaultPageSizeKwargView.as_view()

@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ class TestCustomPaginateByParam(TestCase):
            BasicModel(text=i).save()
        self.objects = BasicModel.objects
        self.data = [
-        {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-        for obj in self.objects.all()
+            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
+            for obj in self.objects.all()
        ]
        self.view = PaginateByParamView.as_view()

@ -483,8 +483,6 @@ class NonIntegerPaginator(object):


 class TestNonIntegerPagination(TestCase):
-
-
    def test_custom_pagination_serializer(self):
        objects = ['john', 'paul', 'george', 'ringo']
        paginator = NonIntegerPaginator(objects, 2)
--- a/tests/test_permissions.py
+++ b/tests/test_permissions.py
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import base64

 factory = APIRequestFactory()

+
 class RootView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    model = BasicModel
    authentication_classes = [authentication.BasicAuthentication]
@ -101,42 +102,54 @@ class ModelPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

    def test_options_permitted(self):
-        request = factory.options('/',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials
+        )
        response = root_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
        self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions'].keys()), ['POST'])

-        request = factory.options('/1',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/1',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials
+        )
        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
        self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions'].keys()), ['PUT'])

    def test_options_disallowed(self):
-        request = factory.options('/',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials
+        )
        response = root_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)

-        request = factory.options('/1',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/1',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials
+        )
        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)

    def test_options_updateonly(self):
-        request = factory.options('/',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials
+        )
        response = root_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)

-        request = factory.options('/1',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/1',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials
+        )
        response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
@ -153,6 +166,7 @@ class BasicPermModel(models.Model):
            # add, change, delete built in to django
        )

+
 # Custom object-level permission, that includes 'view' permissions
 class ViewObjectPermissions(permissions.DjangoObjectPermissions):
    perms_map = {
@ -205,7 +219,7 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
        app_label = BasicPermModel._meta.app_label
        f = '{0}_{1}'.format
        perms = {
-            'view':   f('view', model_name),
+            'view': f('view', model_name),
            'change': f('change', model_name),
            'delete': f('delete', model_name)
        }
@ -246,21 +260,27 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):

    # Update
    def test_can_update_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.patch('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly'])
+        request = factory.patch(
+            '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly']
+        )
        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertEqual(response.data.get('text'), 'foobar')

    def test_cannot_update_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.patch('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly'])
+        request = factory.patch(
+            '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']
+        )
        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

    def test_cannot_update_permissions_non_existing(self):
-        request = factory.patch('/999', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly'])
+        request = factory.patch(
+            '/999', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']
+        )
        response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='999')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

--- a/tests/test_relations.py
+++ b/tests/test_relations.py
@ -108,19 +108,25 @@ class RelatedFieldSourceTests(TestCase):
        doesn't exist.
        """
        from tests.models import ManyToManySource
+
        class Meta:
            model = ManyToManySource
+
        attrs = {
            'name': serializers.SlugRelatedField(
                slug_field='name', source='banzai'),
            'Meta': Meta,
        }

-        TestSerializer = type(str('TestSerializer'),
-            (serializers.ModelSerializer,), attrs)
+        TestSerializer = type(
+            str('TestSerializer'),
+            (serializers.ModelSerializer,),
+            attrs
+        )
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            TestSerializer(data={'name': 'foo'})

+
@unittest.skipIf(get_version() < '1.6.0', 'Upstream behaviour changed in v1.6')
 class RelatedFieldChoicesTests(TestCase):
    """
@ -141,4 +147,3 @@ class RelatedFieldChoicesTests(TestCase):
        widget_count = len(field.widget.choices)

        self.assertEqual(widget_count, choice_count + 1, 'BLANK_CHOICE_DASH option should have been added')
-
--- a/tests/test_relations_hyperlink.py
+++ b/tests/test_relations_hyperlink.py
@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ request = factory.get('/')  # Just to ensure we have a request in the serializer
 def dummy_view(request, pk):
    pass

-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^dummyurl/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', dummy_view, name='dummy-url'),
    url(r'^manytomanysource/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', dummy_view, name='manytomanysource-detail'),
    url(r'^manytomanytarget/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', dummy_view, name='manytomanytarget-detail'),
@ -86,9 +87,9 @@ class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
        expected = [
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
        ]
        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)

@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
        expected = [
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
        ]
        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)

--- a/tests/test_relations_pk.py
+++ b/tests/test_relations_pk.py
@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ class PKManyToManyTests(TestCase):
        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        expected = [
-                {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
-                {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-                {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
        ]
        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)

@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ class PKManyToManyTests(TestCase):
        queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
        serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        expected = [
-                {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
-                {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-                {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
        ]
        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)

--- a/tests/test_renderers.py
+++ b/tests/test_renderers.py
@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ class MockGETView(APIView):
        return Response({'foo': ['bar', 'baz']})


-
 class MockPOSTView(APIView):
    def post(self, request, **kwargs):
        return Response({'foo': request.DATA})
@ -102,7 +101,8 @@ class HTMLView1(APIView):
    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
        return Response('text')

-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^.*\.(?P<format>.+)$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB])),
    url(r'^$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB])),
    url(r'^cache$', MockGETView.as_view()),
@ -312,16 +312,22 @@ class JSONRendererTests(TestCase):
        class Dict(MutableMapping):
            def __init__(self):
                self._dict = dict()
+
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self._dict.__getitem__(key)
+
            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                return self._dict.__setitem__(key, value)
+
            def __delitem__(self, key):
                return self._dict.__delitem__(key)
+
            def __iter__(self):
                return self._dict.__iter__()
+
            def __len__(self):
                return self._dict.__len__()
+
            def keys(self):
                return self._dict.keys()

@ -330,22 +336,24 @@ class JSONRendererTests(TestCase):
        x[2] = 3
        ret = JSONRenderer().render(x)
        data = json.loads(ret.decode('utf-8'))
-        self.assertEquals(data, {'key': 'string value', '2': 3})    
+        self.assertEquals(data, {'key': 'string value', '2': 3})

    def test_render_obj_with_getitem(self):
        class DictLike(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self._dict = {}
+
            def set(self, value):
                self._dict = dict(value)
+
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self._dict[key]
-            
+
        x = DictLike()
        x.set({'a': 1, 'b': 'string'})
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            JSONRenderer().render(x)
-        
+
    def test_without_content_type_args(self):
        """
        Test basic JSON rendering.
@ -394,35 +402,47 @@ class JSONPRendererTests(TestCase):
        """
        Test JSONP rendering with View JSON Renderer.
        """
-        resp = self.client.get('/jsonp/jsonrenderer',
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript')
+        resp = self.client.get(
+            '/jsonp/jsonrenderer',
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript'
+        )
        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content,
-            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resp.content,
+            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii')
+        )

    def test_without_callback_without_json_renderer(self):
        """
        Test JSONP rendering without View JSON Renderer.
        """
-        resp = self.client.get('/jsonp/nojsonrenderer',
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript')
+        resp = self.client.get(
+            '/jsonp/nojsonrenderer',
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript'
+        )
        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content,
-            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resp.content,
+            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii')
+        )

    def test_with_callback(self):
        """
        Test JSONP rendering with callback function name.
        """
        callback_func = 'myjsonpcallback'
-        resp = self.client.get('/jsonp/nojsonrenderer?callback=' + callback_func,
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript')
+        resp = self.client.get(
+            '/jsonp/nojsonrenderer?callback=' + callback_func,
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript'
+        )
        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content,
-            ('%s(%s);' % (callback_func, _flat_repr)).encode('ascii'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resp.content,
+            ('%s(%s);' % (callback_func, _flat_repr)).encode('ascii')
+        )


 if yaml:
@ -467,7 +487,6 @@ if yaml:
        def assertYAMLContains(self, content, string):
            self.assertTrue(string in content, '%r not in %r' % (string, content))

-
    class UnicodeYAMLRendererTests(TestCase):
        """
        Tests specific for the Unicode YAML Renderer
@ -592,13 +611,13 @@ class CacheRenderTest(TestCase):
        """ Return any errors that would be raised if `obj' is pickled
        Courtesy of koffie @ http://stackoverflow.com/a/7218986/109897
        """
-        if seen == None:
+        if seen is None:
            seen = []
        try:
            state = obj.__getstate__()
        except AttributeError:
            return
-        if state == None:
+        if state is None:
            return
        if isinstance(state, tuple):
            if not isinstance(state[0], dict):
--- a/tests/test_request.py
+++ b/tests/test_request.py
@ -272,7 +272,8 @@ class MockView(APIView):

        return Response(status=status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    (r'^$', MockView.as_view()),
 )

--- a/tests/test_response.py
+++ b/tests/test_response.py
@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ new_model_viewset_router = routers.DefaultRouter()
 new_model_viewset_router.register(r'', HTMLNewModelViewSet)


-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^setbyview$', MockViewSettingContentType.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB, RendererC])),
    url(r'^.*\.(?P<format>.+)$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB, RendererC])),
    url(r'^$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB, RendererC])),
--- a/tests/test_reverse.py
+++ b/tests/test_reverse.py
@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ factory = APIRequestFactory()
 def null_view(request):
    pass

-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^view$', null_view, name='view'),
 )

--- a/tests/test_routers.py
+++ b/tests/test_routers.py
@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):

        from tests import test_routers
        urls = getattr(test_routers, 'urlpatterns')
-        urls += patterns('',
+        urls += patterns(
+            '',
            url(r'^', include(self.router.urls)),
        )

@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):

    def test_retrieve_lookup_field_list_view(self):
        response = self.client.get('/notes/')
-        self.assertEqual(response.data,
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response.data,
            [{
                "url": "http://testserver/notes/123/",
                "uuid": "123", "text": "foo bar"
@ -113,7 +115,8 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):

    def test_retrieve_lookup_field_detail_view(self):
        response = self.client.get('/notes/123/')
-        self.assertEqual(response.data,
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response.data,
            {
                "url": "http://testserver/notes/123/",
                "uuid": "123", "text": "foo bar"
--- a/tests/test_serializer.py
+++ b/tests/test_serializer.py
@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ from django.utils import unittest
 from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from rest_framework import serializers, fields, relations
-from tests.models import (HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice, Album, ActionItem, Anchor, BasicModel,
-    BlankFieldModel, BlogPost, BlogPostComment, Book, CallableDefaultValueModel, DefaultValueModel,
-    ManyToManyModel, Person, ReadOnlyManyToManyModel, Photo, RESTFrameworkModel,
-    ForeignKeySource, ManyToManySource)
+from tests.models import (
+    HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice, Album, ActionItem, Anchor, BasicModel,
+    BlankFieldModel, BlogPost, BlogPostComment, Book, CallableDefaultValueModel,
+    DefaultValueModel, ManyToManyModel, Person, ReadOnlyManyToManyModel, Photo,
+    RESTFrameworkModel, ForeignKeySource
+)
 from tests.models import BasicModelSerializer
 import datetime
 import pickle
@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ class ActionItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = ActionItem

+
 class ActionItemSerializerOptionalFields(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    Intended to test that fields with `required=False` are excluded from validation.
@ -109,6 +112,7 @@ class ActionItemSerializerOptionalFields(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        model = ActionItem
        fields = ('title',)

+
 class ActionItemSerializerCustomRestore(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
@ -295,8 +299,10 @@ class BasicTests(TestCase):
        in the Meta data
        """
        serializer = PersonSerializer(self.person)
-        self.assertEqual(set(serializer.data.keys()),
-                          set(['name', 'age', 'info']))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(serializer.data.keys()),
+            set(['name', 'age', 'info'])
+        )

    def test_field_with_dictionary(self):
        """
@ -331,9 +337,9 @@ class BasicTests(TestCase):
            — id field is not populated if `data` is accessed prior to `save()`
        """
        serializer = ActionItemSerializer(self.actionitem)
-        self.assertIsNone(serializer.data.get('id',None), 'New instance. `id` should not be set.')
+        self.assertIsNone(serializer.data.get('id', None), 'New instance. `id` should not be set.')
        serializer.save()
-        self.assertIsNotNone(serializer.data.get('id',None), 'Model is saved. `id` should be set.')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(serializer.data.get('id', None), 'Model is saved. `id` should be set.')

    def test_fields_marked_as_not_required_are_excluded_from_validation(self):
        """
@ -660,10 +666,10 @@ class ModelValidationTests(TestCase):
        serializer.save()
        second_serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data={'title': 'a'})
        self.assertFalse(second_serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(second_serializer.errors,  {'title': ['Album with this Title already exists.'],})
+        self.assertEqual(second_serializer.errors, {'title': ['Album with this Title already exists.']})
        third_serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data=[{'title': 'b', 'ref': '1'}, {'title': 'c'}], many=True)
        self.assertFalse(third_serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(third_serializer.errors,  [{'ref': ['Album with this Ref already exists.']}, {}])
+        self.assertEqual(third_serializer.errors, [{'ref': ['Album with this Ref already exists.']}, {}])

    def test_foreign_key_is_null_with_partial(self):
        """
@ -959,7 +965,7 @@ class WritableFieldDefaultValueTests(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(got, self.expected)

    def test_get_default_value_with_callable(self):
-        field = self.create_field(default=lambda : self.expected)
+        field = self.create_field(default=lambda: self.expected)
        got = field.get_default_value()
        self.assertEqual(got, self.expected)

@ -974,7 +980,7 @@ class WritableFieldDefaultValueTests(TestCase):
        self.assertIsNone(got)

    def test_get_default_value_returns_non_True_values(self):
-        values = [None, '', False, 0, [], (), {}] # values that assumed as 'False' in the 'if' clause
+        values = [None, '', False, 0, [], (), {}]  # values that assumed as 'False' in the 'if' clause
        for expected in values:
            field = self.create_field(default=expected)
            got = field.get_default_value()
--- a/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py
+++ b/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py
@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ class BulkCreateSerializerTests(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)

        expected_errors = [
-                {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
-                {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
-                {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']}
+            {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
+            {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
+            {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']}
        ]

        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, expected_errors)
--- a/tests/test_serializer_nested.py
+++ b/tests/test_serializer_nested.py
@ -328,12 +328,14 @@ class NestedModelSerializerUpdateTests(TestCase):

        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
            comments = BlogPostCommentSerializer(many=True, source='blogpostcomment_set')
+
            class Meta:
                model = models.BlogPost
                fields = ('id', 'title', 'comments')

        class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
            posts = BlogPostSerializer(many=True, source='blogpost_set')
+
            class Meta:
                model = models.Person
                fields = ('id', 'name', 'age', 'posts')
--- a/tests/test_serializers.py
+++ b/tests/test_serializers.py
@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
-
+from rest_framework.compat import six
 from rest_framework.serializers import _resolve_model
 from tests.models import BasicModel
-from rest_framework.compat import six


 class ResolveModelTests(TestCase):
--- a/tests/test_status.py
+++ b/tests/test_status.py
@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ class TestStatus(TestCase):
        self.assertFalse(is_server_error(499))
        self.assertTrue(is_server_error(500))
        self.assertTrue(is_server_error(599))
-        self.assertFalse(is_server_error(600))
+        self.assertFalse(is_server_error(600))
--- a/tests/test_templatetags.py
+++ b/tests/test_templatetags.py
@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ class Issue1386Tests(TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(i, res)

        # example from issue #1386, this shouldn't raise an exception
-        _ = urlize_quoted_links("asdf:[/p]zxcv.com")
+        urlize_quoted_links("asdf:[/p]zxcv.com")
--- a/tests/test_testing.py
+++ b/tests/test_testing.py
@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ def session_view(request):
    })


-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
    url(r'^view/$', view),
    url(r'^session-view/$', session_view),
 )
@ -142,7 +143,8 @@ class TestAPIRequestFactory(TestCase):
        assertion error.
        """
        factory = APIRequestFactory()
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, factory.post,
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, factory.post,
            path='/view/', data={'example': 1}, format='xml'
        )

--- a/tests/test_throttling.py
+++ b/tests/test_throttling.py
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class NonTimeThrottle(BaseThrottle):
        if not hasattr(self.__class__, 'called'):
            self.__class__.called = True
            return True
-        return False 
+        return False


 class MockView(APIView):
@ -125,36 +125,42 @@ class ThrottlingTests(TestCase):
        """
        Ensure for second based throttles.
        """
-        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(MockView,
-         ((0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, '1')
-         ))
+        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(
+            MockView, (
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, '1')
+            )
+        )

    def test_minutes_fields(self):
        """
        Ensure for minute based throttles.
        """
-        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(MockView_MinuteThrottling,
-         ((0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, '60')
-         ))
+        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(
+            MockView_MinuteThrottling, (
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, '60')
+            )
+        )

    def test_next_rate_remains_constant_if_followed(self):
        """
        If a client follows the recommended next request rate,
        the throttling rate should stay constant.
        """
-        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(MockView_MinuteThrottling,
-         ((0, None),
-          (20, None),
-          (40, None),
-          (60, None),
-          (80, None)
-         ))
+        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(
+            MockView_MinuteThrottling, (
+                (0, None),
+                (20, None),
+                (40, None),
+                (60, None),
+                (80, None)
+            )
+        )

    def test_non_time_throttle(self):
        """
@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ class ThrottlingTests(TestCase):
        self.assertTrue(MockView_NonTimeThrottling.throttle_classes[0].called)

        response = MockView_NonTimeThrottling.as_view()(request)
-        self.assertFalse('X-Throttle-Wait-Seconds' in response) 
+        self.assertFalse('X-Throttle-Wait-Seconds' in response)


 class ScopedRateThrottleTests(TestCase):
--- a/tests/test_urlizer.py
+++ b/tests/test_urlizer.py
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.templatetags.rest_framework import urlize_quoted_links
-import sys


 class URLizerTests(TestCase):
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 [tox]
 downloadcache = {toxworkdir}/cache/
 envlist =
+       flake8,
       py3.4-django1.7,py3.3-django1.7,py3.2-django1.7,py2.7-django1.7,
       py3.4-django1.6,py3.3-django1.6,py3.2-django1.6,py2.7-django1.6,py2.6-django1.6,
       py3.4-django1.5,py3.3-django1.5,py3.2-django1.5,py2.7-django1.5,py2.6-django1.5,
-       py2.7-django1.4,py2.6-django1.4,
+       py2.7-django1.4,py2.6-django1.4

 [testenv]
-commands = py.test -q
+commands = ./runtests.py --fast
+
+[testenv:flake8]
+basepython = python2.7
+deps = pytest==2.5.2
+commands = ./runtests.py --lintonly

 [testenv:py3.4-django1.7]
 basepython = python3.4