Add pyupgrade to pre-commit hooks (#9682)

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -31,3 +31,9 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
     exclude: locale|kickstarter-announcement.md|coreapi-0.1.1.js
+
+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+  rev: v3.19.1
+  hooks:
+  - id: pyupgrade
+    args: ["--py39-plus", "--keep-percent-format"]

rest_framework/authtoken/management/commands/drf_create_token.py

@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                     username)
             )
         self.stdout.write(
-            'Generated token {} for user {}'.format(token.key, username))
+            f'Generated token {token.key} for user {username}')

rest_framework/fields.py

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def get_attribute(instance, attrs):
                 # If we raised an Attribute or KeyError here it'd get treated
                 # as an omitted field in `Field.get_attribute()`. Instead we
                 # raise a ValueError to ensure the exception is not masked.
-                raise ValueError('Exception raised in callable attribute "{}"; original exception was: {}'.format(attr, exc))
+                raise ValueError(f'Exception raised in callable attribute "{attr}"; original exception was: {exc}')
 
     return instance
 
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ class DecimalField(Field):
         if self.localize:
             return localize_input(quantized)
 
-        return '{:f}'.format(quantized)
+        return f'{quantized:f}'
 
     def quantize(self, value):
         """
@@ -1861,7 +1861,7 @@ class SerializerMethodField(Field):
     def bind(self, field_name, parent):
         # The method name defaults to `get_{field_name}`.
         if self.method_name is None:
-            self.method_name = 'get_{field_name}'.format(field_name=field_name)
+            self.method_name = f'get_{field_name}'
 
         super().bind(field_name, parent)
 

rest_framework/negotiation.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class DefaultContentNegotiation(BaseContentNegotiation):
                             full_media_type = ';'.join(
                                 (renderer.media_type,) +
                                 tuple(
-                                    '{}={}'.format(key, value)
+                                    f'{key}={value}'
                                     for key, value in media_type_wrapper.params.items()
                                 )
                             )

rest_framework/permissions.py

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission):
         if hasattr(view, 'get_queryset'):
             queryset = view.get_queryset()
             assert queryset is not None, (
-                '{}.get_queryset() returned None'.format(view.__class__.__name__)
+                f'{view.__class__.__name__}.get_queryset() returned None'
             )
             return queryset
         return view.queryset

rest_framework/response.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class Response(SimpleTemplateResponse):
         content_type = self.content_type
 
         if content_type is None and charset is not None:
-            content_type = "{}; charset={}".format(media_type, charset)
+            content_type = f"{media_type}; charset={charset}"
         elif content_type is None:
             content_type = media_type
         self['Content-Type'] = content_type

rest_framework/schemas/coreapi.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class LinkNode(dict):
             current_val = self.methods_counter[preferred_key]
             self.methods_counter[preferred_key] += 1
 
-            key = '{}_{}'.format(preferred_key, current_val)
+            key = f'{preferred_key}_{current_val}'
             if key not in self:
                 return key
 

rest_framework/schemas/openapi.py

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class SchemaGenerator(BaseSchemaGenerator):
                     continue
                 if components_schemas[k] == components[k]:
                     continue
-                warnings.warn('Schema component "{}" has been overridden with a different value.'.format(k))
+                warnings.warn(f'Schema component "{k}" has been overridden with a different value.')
 
             components_schemas.update(components)
 
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ class AutoSchema(ViewInspector):
         return self.get_serializer(path, method)
 
     def get_reference(self, serializer):
-        return {'$ref': '#/components/schemas/{}'.format(self.get_component_name(serializer))}
+        return {'$ref': f'#/components/schemas/{self.get_component_name(serializer)}'}
 
     def get_request_body(self, path, method):
         if method not in ('PUT', 'PATCH', 'POST'):

rest_framework/utils/field_mapping.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def get_unique_validators(field_name, model_field):
     """
     Returns a list of UniqueValidators that should be applied to the field.
     """
-    field_set = set([field_name])
+    field_set = {field_name}
     conditions = {
         c.condition
         for c in model_field.model._meta.constraints

tests/schemas/test_coreapi.py

@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ class TestURLNamingCollisions(TestCase):
 
         for method, suffix in zip(methods, suffixes):
             if suffix is not None:
-                key = '{}_{}'.format(method, suffix)
+                key = f'{method}_{suffix}'
             else:
                 key = method
             assert loc[key].url == url

tests/schemas/test_managementcommand.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class GenerateSchemaTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_accepts_custom_schema_generator(self):
         call_command('generateschema',
-                     '--generator_class={}.{}'.format(__name__, CustomSchemaGenerator.__name__),
+                     f'--generator_class={__name__}.{CustomSchemaGenerator.__name__}',
                      stdout=self.out)
         out_json = yaml.safe_load(self.out.getvalue())
         assert out_json == CustomSchemaGenerator.SCHEMA
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class GenerateSchemaTests(TestCase):
     def test_writes_schema_to_file_on_parameter(self):
         fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
         try:
-            call_command('generateschema', '--file={}'.format(path), stdout=self.out)
+            call_command('generateschema', f'--file={path}', stdout=self.out)
             # nothing on stdout
             assert not self.out.getvalue()
 

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ class ExceptionTestCase(TestCase):
 
         exception = Throttled(wait=2)
         assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': 'Request was throttled. Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),
+            'message': f'Request was throttled. Expected available in {2} seconds.',
             'code': 'throttled'}
 
         exception = Throttled(wait=2, detail='Slow down!')
         assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': 'Slow down! Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),
+            'message': f'Slow down! Expected available in {2} seconds.',
             'code': 'throttled'}
 
 

tests/test_fields.py

@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ class FieldValues:
         """
         for input_value, expected_output in get_items(self.valid_inputs):
             assert self.field.run_validation(input_value) == expected_output, \
-                'input value: {}'.format(repr(input_value))
+                f'input value: {repr(input_value)}'
 
     def test_invalid_inputs(self, *args):
         """
@@ -672,12 +672,12 @@ class FieldValues:
             with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                 self.field.run_validation(input_value)
             assert exc_info.value.detail == expected_failure, \
-                'input value: {}'.format(repr(input_value))
+                f'input value: {repr(input_value)}'
 
     def test_outputs(self, *args):
         for output_value, expected_output in get_items(self.outputs):
             assert self.field.to_representation(output_value) == expected_output, \
-                'output value: {}'.format(repr(output_value))
+                f'output value: {repr(output_value)}'
 
 
 # Boolean types...
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ class TestDateField(FieldValues):
     outputs = {
         datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): '2001-01-01',
         '2001-01-01': '2001-01-01',
-        str('2016-01-10'): '2016-01-10',
+        '2016-01-10': '2016-01-10',
         None: None,
         '': None,
     }
@@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ class TestDateTimeField(FieldValues):
         datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): '2001-01-01T13:00:00Z',
         datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc): '2001-01-01T13:00:00Z',
         '2001-01-01T00:00:00': '2001-01-01T00:00:00',
-        str('2016-01-10T00:00:00'): '2016-01-10T00:00:00',
+        '2016-01-10T00:00:00': '2016-01-10T00:00:00',
         None: None,
         '': None,
     }

tests/test_generics.py

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class TestInstanceView(TestCase):
         """
         data = {'text': 'foo'}
         filtered_out_pk = BasicModel.objects.filter(text='filtered out')[0].pk
-        request = factory.put('/{}'.format(filtered_out_pk), data, format='json')
+        request = factory.put(f'/{filtered_out_pk}', data, format='json')
         response = self.view(request, pk=filtered_out_pk).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 

tests/test_pagination.py

@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class TestLimitOffset:
         content = self.get_paginated_content(queryset)
         next_limit = self.pagination.default_limit
         next_offset = self.pagination.default_limit
-        next_url = 'http://testserver/?limit={}&offset={}'.format(next_limit, next_offset)
+        next_url = f'http://testserver/?limit={next_limit}&offset={next_offset}'
         assert queryset == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
         assert content.get('next') == next_url
 
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ class TestLimitOffset:
         content = self.get_paginated_content(queryset)
         next_limit = self.pagination.default_limit
         next_offset = self.pagination.default_limit
-        next_url = 'http://testserver/?limit={}&offset={}'.format(next_limit, next_offset)
+        next_url = f'http://testserver/?limit={next_limit}&offset={next_offset}'
         assert queryset == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
         assert content.get('next') == next_url
 
@@ -565,9 +565,9 @@ class TestLimitOffset:
         max_limit = self.pagination.max_limit
         next_offset = offset + max_limit
         prev_offset = offset - max_limit
-        base_url = 'http://testserver/?limit={}'.format(max_limit)
-        next_url = base_url + '&offset={}'.format(next_offset)
-        prev_url = base_url + '&offset={}'.format(prev_offset)
+        base_url = f'http://testserver/?limit={max_limit}'
+        next_url = base_url + f'&offset={next_offset}'
+        prev_url = base_url + f'&offset={prev_offset}'
         assert queryset == list(range(51, 66))
         assert content.get('next') == next_url
         assert content.get('previous') == prev_url

tests/test_permissions.py

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
             'delete': f('delete', model_name)
         }
         for perm in perms.values():
-            perm = '{}.{}'.format(app_label, perm)
+            perm = f'{app_label}.{perm}'
             assign_perm(perm, everyone)
         everyone.user_set.add(*users.values())
 
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ class PermissionsCompositionTests(TestCase):
         assert hasperm is False
 
     def test_operand_holder_is_hashable(self):
-        assert hash((permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.IsAdminUser))
+        assert hash(permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.IsAdminUser)
 
     def test_operand_holder_hash_same_for_same_operands_and_operator(self):
         first_operand_holder = (

tests/test_relations_pk.py

@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ class OneToOnePrimaryKeyTests(TestCase):
         source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data={'name': 'source-2', 'target': target_pk})
         # Then: The source is valid with the serializer
         if not source.is_valid():
-            self.fail("Expected OneToOnePKTargetSerializer to be valid but had errors: {}".format(source.errors))
+            self.fail(f"Expected OneToOnePKTargetSerializer to be valid but had errors: {source.errors}")
         # Then: Saving the serializer creates a new object
         new_source = source.save()
         # Then: The new object has the same pk as the target object

tests/test_renderers.py

@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ class UnicodeJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         obj = {'should_escape': '\u2028\u2029'}
         renderer = JSONRenderer()
         content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, '{"should_escape":"\\u2028\\u2029"}'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(content, b'{"should_escape":"\\u2028\\u2029"}')
 
 
 class AsciiJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class AsciiJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         obj = {'countries': ['United Kingdom', 'France', 'España']}
         renderer = AsciiJSONRenderer()
         content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, '{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","Espa\\u00f1a"]}'.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(content, b'{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","Espa\\u00f1a"]}')
 
 
 # Tests for caching issue, #346

tests/test_response.py

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class Issue807Tests(TestCase):
         """
         headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererC.media_type}
         resp = self.client.get('/', **headers)
-        expected = "{}; charset={}".format(RendererC.media_type, RendererC.charset)
+        expected = f"{RendererC.media_type}; charset={RendererC.charset}"
         self.assertEqual(expected, resp['Content-Type'])
 
     def test_content_type_set_explicitly_on_response(self):

tests/test_routers.py

@@ -447,9 +447,9 @@ class TestDynamicListAndDetailRouter(TestCase):
             url_path = endpoint.url_path
 
             if method_name.startswith('list_'):
-                assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
+                assert route.url == f'^{{prefix}}/{url_path}{{trailing_slash}}$'
             else:
-                assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
+                assert route.url == f'^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{url_path}{{trailing_slash}}$'
             # check method to function mapping
             if method_name.endswith('_post'):
                 method_map = 'post'
@@ -488,14 +488,14 @@ class TestRegexUrlPath(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
 
     def test_regex_url_path_list(self):
         kwarg = '1234'
-        response = self.client.get('/regex/list/{}/'.format(kwarg))
+        response = self.client.get(f'/regex/list/{kwarg}/')
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'kwarg': kwarg}
 
     def test_regex_url_path_detail(self):
         pk = '1'
         kwarg = '1234'
-        response = self.client.get('/regex/{}/detail/{}/'.format(pk, kwarg))
+        response = self.client.get(f'/regex/{pk}/detail/{kwarg}/')
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'pk': pk, 'kwarg': kwarg}
 
@@ -557,14 +557,14 @@ class TestUrlPath(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
 
     def test_list_extra_action(self):
         kwarg = 1234
-        response = self.client.get('/path/list/{}/'.format(kwarg))
+        response = self.client.get(f'/path/list/{kwarg}/')
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'kwarg': kwarg}
 
     def test_detail_extra_action(self):
         pk = '1'
         kwarg = 1234
-        response = self.client.get('/path/{}/detail/{}/'.format(pk, kwarg))
+        response = self.client.get(f'/path/{pk}/detail/{kwarg}/')
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'pk': pk, 'kwarg': kwarg}
 

tests/test_validation.py

@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ class TestMaxValueValidatorValidation(TestCase):
 
     def test_max_value_validation_success(self):
         obj = ValidationMaxValueValidatorModel.objects.create(number_value=100)
-        request = factory.patch('/{}'.format(obj.pk), {'number_value': 98}, format='json')
+        request = factory.patch(f'/{obj.pk}', {'number_value': 98}, format='json')
         view = UpdateMaxValueValidationModel().as_view()
         response = view(request, pk=obj.pk).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_max_value_validation_fail(self):
         obj = ValidationMaxValueValidatorModel.objects.create(number_value=100)
-        request = factory.patch('/{}'.format(obj.pk), {'number_value': 101}, format='json')
+        request = factory.patch(f'/{obj.pk}', {'number_value': 101}, format='json')
         view = UpdateMaxValueValidationModel().as_view()
         response = view(request, pk=obj.pk).render()
         assert response.content == b'{"number_value":["Ensure this value is less than or equal to 100."]}'