diff --git a/rest_framework/mixins.py b/rest_framework/mixins.py
index 6031b06ad..6ac6366c7 100644
--- a/rest_framework/mixins.py
+++ b/rest_framework/mixins.py
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ class UpdateModelMixin:
         serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
         self.perform_update(serializer)
 
-        if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None):
+        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
+        if queryset._prefetch_related_lookups:
             # If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to
             # forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance,
             # and then re-prefetch related objects
             instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {}
-            queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
             prefetch_related_objects([instance], *queryset._prefetch_related_lookups)
 
         return Response(serializer.data)
diff --git a/tests/test_prefetch_related.py b/tests/test_prefetch_related.py
index d38066690..8e7bcf4ac 100644
--- a/tests/test_prefetch_related.py
+++ b/tests/test_prefetch_related.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, User
+from django.db.models.query import Prefetch
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from rest_framework import generics, serializers
@@ -21,8 +22,11 @@ class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         fields = ('id', 'username', 'email', 'groups', 'permissions')
 
 
-class UserUpdate(generics.UpdateAPIView):
-    queryset = User.objects.exclude(username='exclude').prefetch_related('groups__permissions')
+class UserRetrieveUpdate(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
+    queryset = User.objects.exclude(username='exclude').prefetch_related(
+        Prefetch('groups', queryset=Group.objects.exclude(name='exclude')),
+        'groups__permissions',
+    )
     serializer_class = UserSerializer
 
 
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ class TestPrefetchRelatedUpdates(TestCase):
         self.user = User.objects.create(username='tom', email='tom@example.com')
         self.groups = [Group.objects.create(name=f'group {i}') for i in range(10)]
         self.user.groups.set(self.groups)
+        self.user.groups.add(Group.objects.create(name='exclude'))
         self.expected = {
             'id': self.user.pk,
             'username': 'tom',
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ class TestPrefetchRelatedUpdates(TestCase):
             'email': 'tom@example.com',
             'permissions': [],
         }
-        self.view = UserUpdate.as_view()
+        self.view = UserRetrieveUpdate.as_view()
 
     def test_prefetch_related_updates(self):
         self.groups.append(Group.objects.create(name='c'))
@@ -53,7 +58,11 @@ class TestPrefetchRelatedUpdates(TestCase):
         self.expected['username'] = 'new'
         self.expected['groups'] = [group.pk for group in self.groups]
         response = self.view(request, pk=self.user.pk)
-        assert User.objects.get(pk=self.user.pk).groups.count() == 11
+        assert User.objects.get(pk=self.user.pk).groups.count() == 12
+        assert response.data == self.expected
+        # Update and fetch should get same result
+        request = factory.get('/')
+        response = self.view(request, pk=self.user.pk)
         assert response.data == self.expected
 
     def test_prefetch_related_excluding_instance_from_original_queryset(self):
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@ class TestPrefetchRelatedUpdates(TestCase):
             '/', {'username': 'exclude', 'groups': [self.groups[0].pk]}, format='json'
         )
         response = self.view(request, pk=self.user.pk)
-        assert User.objects.get(pk=self.user.pk).groups.count() == 1
+        assert User.objects.get(pk=self.user.pk).groups.count() == 2
         self.expected['username'] = 'exclude'
         self.expected['groups'] = [self.groups[0].pk]
         assert response.data == self.expected
@@ -79,5 +88,5 @@ class TestPrefetchRelatedUpdates(TestCase):
         request = factory.put(
             '/', {'username': 'new2'}, format='json'
         )
-        with self.assertNumQueries(15):
+        with self.assertNumQueries(16):
             UserUpdateWithoutPrefetchRelated.as_view()(request, pk=self.user.pk)