.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1-issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: Issue
+about: Please only raise an issue if you've been advised to do so after discussion. Thanks! 🙏
+---
+
+## Checklist
+
+<!--
+Note: REST framework is considered feature-complete. New functionality should be implemented outside the core REST framework. For details, please check the docs: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/community/third-party-packages/#about-third-party-packages
+-->
+
+- [ ] Raised initially as discussion #...
+- [ ] This is not a feature request suitable for implementation outside this project. Please elaborate what it is:
+  - [ ] compatibility fix for new Django/Python version ...
+  - [ ] other type of bug fix
+  - [ ] other type of improvement that does not touch existing code or change existing behavior (e.g. wrapper for new Django field)
+- [ ] I have reduced the issue to the simplest possible case.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+- name: Discussions
+  url: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/discussions
+  about: >
+    The "Discussions" forum is where you want to start. 💖

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   tests:
     name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
 
   test-docs:
     name: Test documentation links
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -31,9 +31,3 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
     exclude: locale|kickstarter-announcement.md|coreapi-0.1.1.js
-
-- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v3.19.1
-  hooks:
-  - id: pyupgrade
-    args: ["--py39-plus", "--keep-percent-format"]

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@
 
 At this point in its lifespan we consider Django REST framework to be essentially feature-complete. We may accept pull requests that track the continued development of Django versions, but would prefer not to accept new features or code formatting changes.
 
+Apart from minor documentation changes, the [GitHub discussions page](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/discussions) should generally be your starting point. Please only raise an issue or pull request if you've been recommended to do so after discussion.
+
 The [Contributing guide in the documentation](https://www.django-rest-framework.org/community/contributing/) gives some more information on our process and code of conduct.

docs/api-guide/fields.md

@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ For further examples on `HiddenField` see the [validators](validators.md) docume
 
 ---
 
-**Note:** `HiddenField()` does not appear in `partial=True` serializer (when making `PATCH` request).
+**Note:** `HiddenField()` does not appear in `partial=True` serializer (when making `PATCH` request). This behavior might change in future, follow updates on [github discussion](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/discussions/8259). 
 
 ---
 

docs/api-guide/throttling.md

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ You'll need to remember to also set your custom throttle class in the `'DEFAULT_
 
 The built-in throttle implementations are open to [race conditions][race], so under high concurrency they may allow a few extra requests through.
 
-If your project relies on guaranteeing the number of requests during concurrent requests, you will need to implement your own throttle class.
+If your project relies on guaranteeing the number of requests during concurrent requests, you will need to implement your own throttle class. See [issue #5181][gh5181] for more details.
 
 ---
 
@@ -220,4 +220,5 @@ The following is an example of a rate throttle, that will randomly throttle 1 in
 [identifying-clients]: http://oxpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=AppSuite:Grizzly#Multiple_Proxies_in_front_of_the_cluster
 [cache-setting]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#caches
 [cache-docs]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/cache/#setting-up-the-cache
+[gh5181]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/5181
 [race]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition#Data_race

docs/api-guide/validators.md

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ If you want the date field to be entirely hidden from the user, then use `Hidden
 
 ---
 
-**Note:** `HiddenField()` does not appear in `partial=True` serializer (when making `PATCH` request).
+**Note:** `HiddenField()` does not appear in `partial=True` serializer (when making `PATCH` request). This behavior might change in future, follow updates on [github discussion](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/discussions/8259). 
 
 ---
 

docs/community/contributing.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 >
 > — [Tim Berners-Lee][cite]
 
+There are many ways you can contribute to Django REST framework.  We'd like it to be a community-led project, so please get involved and help shape the future of the project.
+
 !!! note
 
     At this point in its lifespan we consider Django REST framework to be feature-complete. We focus on pull requests that track the continued development of Django versions, and generally do not accept new features or code formatting changes.
@@ -28,9 +30,24 @@ The [Django code of conduct][code-of-conduct] gives a fuller set of guidelines f
 
 # Issues
 
+Our contribution process is that the [GitHub discussions page](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/discussions) should generally be your starting point. Please only raise an issue or pull request if you've been recommended to do so after discussion.
+
+Some tips on good potential issue reporting:
+
 * Django REST framework is considered feature-complete. Please do not file requests to change behavior, unless it is required for security reasons or to maintain compatibility with upcoming Django or Python versions.
+* Search the GitHub project page for related items, and make sure you're running the latest version of REST framework before reporting an issue.
 * Feature requests will typically be closed with a recommendation that they be implemented outside the core REST framework library (e.g. as third-party libraries).  This approach allows us to keep down the maintenance overhead of REST framework, so that the focus can be on continued stability and great documentation.
 
+## Triaging issues
+
+Getting involved in triaging incoming issues is a good way to start contributing.  Every single ticket that comes into the ticket tracker needs to be reviewed in order to determine what the next steps should be.  Anyone can help out with this, you just need to be willing to
+
+* Read through the ticket - does it make sense, is it missing any context that would help explain it better?
+* Is the ticket reported in the correct place, would it be better suited as a discussion on the discussion group?
+* If the ticket is a bug report, can you reproduce it? Are you able to write a failing test case that demonstrates the issue and that can be submitted as a pull request?
+* If the ticket is a feature request, could the feature request instead be implemented as a third party package?
+* If a ticket hasn't had much activity and addresses something you need, then comment on the ticket and try to find out what's needed to get it moving again.
+
 # Development
 
 To start developing on Django REST framework, first create a Fork from the
@@ -189,6 +206,7 @@ If you want to draw attention to a note or warning, use a pair of enclosing line
 [code-of-conduct]: https://www.djangoproject.com/conduct/
 [google-group]: https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/django-rest-framework
 [so-filter]: https://stackexchange.com/filters/66475/rest-framework
+[issues]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues?state=open
 [pep-8]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
 [build-status]: ../img/build-status.png
 [pull-requests]: https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests

docs/community/funding.md

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ If you use REST framework commercially we strongly encourage you to invest in it
 Signing up for a paid plan will:
 
 * Directly contribute to faster releases, more features, and higher quality software.
-* Allow more time to be invested in keeping the package up to date.
+* Allow more time to be invested in documentation, issue triage, and community support.
 * Safeguard the future development of REST framework.
 
 REST framework continues to be open-source and permissively licensed, but we firmly believe it is in the commercial best-interest for users of the project to invest in its ongoing development.
@@ -134,6 +134,18 @@ REST framework continues to be open-source and permissively licensed, but we fir
 
 ---
 
+## What future funding will enable
+
+* Realtime API support, using WebSockets. This will consist of documentation and support for using REST framework together with Django Channels, plus integrating WebSocket support into the client libraries.
+* Better authentication defaults, possibly bringing JWT & CORS support into the core package.
+* Securing the community & operations manager position long-term.
+* Opening up and securing a part-time position to focus on ticket triage and resolution.
+* Paying for development time on building API client libraries in a range of programming languages. These would be integrated directly into the upcoming API documentation.
+
+Sign up for a paid plan today, and help ensure that REST framework becomes a sustainable, full-time funded project.
+
+---
+
 ## What our sponsors and users say
 
 > As a developer, Django REST framework feels like an obvious and natural extension to all the great things that make up Django and it's community. Getting started is easy while providing simple abstractions which makes it flexible and customizable. Contributing and supporting Django REST framework helps ensure its future and one way or another it also helps Django, and the Python ecosystem.
@@ -153,8 +165,6 @@ DRF is one of the core reasons why Django is top choice among web frameworks tod
 >
 > — Andrew Conti, Django REST framework user
 
-Sign up for a paid plan today, and help ensure that REST framework becomes a sustainable, full-time funded project.
-
 ---
 
 ## Individual plan

docs/community/project-management.md

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Further notes for maintainers:
 * Code changes should come in the form of a pull request - do not push directly to master.
 * Maintainers should typically not merge their own pull requests.
 * Each issue/pull request should have exactly one label once triaged.
+* Search for un-triaged issues with [is:open no:label][un-triaged].
 
 ---
 
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ The following issues still need to be addressed:
 * Document ownership and management of the security mailing list.
 
 [bus-factor]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_factor
+[un-triaged]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues?q=is%3Aopen+no%3Alabel
 [transifex-project]: https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/django-rest-framework/
 [transifex-client]: https://pypi.org/project/transifex-client/
 [translation-memory]: http://docs.transifex.com/guides/tm#let-tm-automatically-populate-translations

docs/community/third-party-packages.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ We suggest adding your package to the [REST Framework][rest-framework-grid] grid
 
 #### Adding to the Django REST framework docs
 
-Create a [Pull Request][drf-create-pr] on GitHub, and we'll add a link to it from the main REST framework documentation. You can add your package under **Third party packages** of the API Guide section that best applies, like [Authentication][authentication] or [Permissions][permissions]. You can also link your package under the [Third Party Packages][third-party-packages] section.
+Create a [Pull Request][drf-create-pr] or [Issue][drf-create-issue] on GitHub, and we'll add a link to it from the main REST framework documentation. You can add your package under **Third party packages** of the API Guide section that best applies, like [Authentication][authentication] or [Permissions][permissions]. You can also link your package under the [Third Party Packages][third-party-packages] section.
 
 #### Announce on the discussion group.
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Django REST Framework has a growing community of developers, packages, and resou
 
 Check out a grid detailing all the packages and ecosystem around Django REST Framework at [Django Packages][rest-framework-grid].
 
-To submit new content, [create a pull request][drf-create-pr].
+To submit new content, [open an issue][drf-create-issue] or [create a pull request][drf-create-pr].
 
 ## Async Support
 
@@ -160,7 +160,6 @@ To submit new content, [create a pull request][drf-create-pr].
 
 ### Customization
 
-* [drf-restwind][drf-restwind] - a modern re-imagining of the Django REST Framework utilizes TailwindCSS and DaisyUI to provide flexible and customizable UI solutions with minimal coding effort.
 * [drf-redesign][drf-redesign] - A project that gives a fresh look to the browse-able API using Bootstrap 5.
 * [drf-material][drf-material] - A project that gives a sleek and elegant look to the browsable API using Material Design.
 
@@ -175,6 +174,7 @@ To submit new content, [create a pull request][drf-create-pr].
 [drf-compat]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/blob/master/rest_framework/compat.py
 [rest-framework-grid]: https://www.djangopackages.com/grids/g/django-rest-framework/
 [drf-create-pr]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/compare
+[drf-create-issue]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/new
 [authentication]: ../api-guide/authentication.md
 [permissions]: ../api-guide/permissions.md
 [third-party-packages]: ../topics/third-party-packages/#existing-third-party-packages
@@ -255,7 +255,6 @@ To submit new content, [create a pull request][drf-create-pr].
 [django-requestlogs]: https://github.com/Raekkeri/django-requestlogs
 [drf-standardized-errors]: https://github.com/ghazi-git/drf-standardized-errors
 [drf-api-action]: https://github.com/Ori-Roza/drf-api-action
-[drf-restwind]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/drf-restwind
 [drf-redesign]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/drf-redesign
 [drf-material]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/drf-material
-[django-pyoidc]: https://github.com/makinacorpus/django_pyoidc
+[django-pyoidc] : https://github.com/makinacorpus/django_pyoidc

docs/topics/browsable-api.md

@@ -81,43 +81,22 @@ For more specific CSS tweaks than simply overriding the default bootstrap theme
 
 ### Third party packages for customization
 
-You can use a third party package for customization, rather than doing it by yourself. Here is 3 packages for customizing the API:
+You can use a third party package for customization, rather than doing it by yourself. Here is 2 packages for customizing the API:
 
-* [drf-restwind][drf-restwind] - a modern re-imagining of the Django REST Framework utilizes TailwindCSS and DaisyUI to provide flexible and customizable UI solutions with minimal coding effort.
-* [drf-redesign][drf-redesign] - A package for customizing the API using Bootstrap 5. Modern and sleek design, it comes with the support for dark mode.
-* [drf-material][drf-material] - Material design for Django REST Framework.
+* [rest-framework-redesign][rest-framework-redesign] - A package for customizing the API using Bootstrap 5. Modern and sleek design, it comes with the support for dark mode.
+* [rest-framework-material][rest-framework-material] - Material design for Django REST Framework.
 
 ---
 
-![API Root][drf-rw-api-root]
+![Django REST Framework Redesign][rfr]
 
-![List View][drf-rw-list-view]
-
-![Detail View][drf-rw-detail-view]
-
-*Screenshots of the drf-restwind*
+*Screenshot of the rest-framework-redesign*
 
 ---
 
----
+![Django REST Framework Material][rfm]
 
-![API Root][drf-r-api-root]
-
-![List View][drf-r-list-view]
-
-![Detail View][drf-r-detail-view]
-
-*Screenshot of the drf-redesign*
-
----
-
-![API Root][drf-m-api-root]
-
-![List View][drf-m-api-root]
-
-![Detail View][drf-m-api-root]
-
-*Screenshot of the drf-material*
+*Screenshot of the rest-framework-material*
 
 ---
 
@@ -218,15 +197,7 @@ There are [a variety of packages for autocomplete widgets][autocomplete-packages
 [bcomponentsnav]: https://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/components.html#navbar
 [autocomplete-packages]: https://www.djangopackages.com/grids/g/auto-complete/
 [django-autocomplete-light]: https://github.com/yourlabs/django-autocomplete-light
-[drf-restwind]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/drf-restwind
-[drf-rw-api-root]: ../img/drf-rw-api-root.png
-[drf-rw-list-view]: ../img/drf-rw-list-view.png
-[drf-rw-detail-view]: ../img/drf-rw-detail-view.png
-[drf-redesign]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/drf-redesign
-[drf-r-api-root]: ../img/drf-r-api-root.png
-[drf-r-list-view]: ../img/drf-r-list-view.png
-[drf-r-detail-view]: ../img/drf-r-detail-view.png
-[drf-material]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/drf-material
-[drf-m-api-root]: ../img/drf-m-api-root.png
-[drf-m-list-view]: ../img/drf-m-list-view.png
-[drf-m-detail-view]: ../img/drf-m-detail-view.png
+[rest-framework-redesign]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/rest-framework-redesign
+[rest-framework-material]: https://github.com/youzarsiph/rest-framework-material
+[rfr]: ../img/rfr.png
+[rfm]: ../img/rfm.png

rest_framework/authtoken/management/commands/drf_create_token.py

@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                     username)
             )
         self.stdout.write(
-            f'Generated token {token.key} for user {username}')
+            'Generated token {} for user {}'.format(token.key, username))

rest_framework/fields.py

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def get_attribute(instance, attrs):
                 # If we raised an Attribute or KeyError here it'd get treated
                 # as an omitted field in `Field.get_attribute()`. Instead we
                 # raise a ValueError to ensure the exception is not masked.
-                raise ValueError(f'Exception raised in callable attribute "{attr}"; original exception was: {exc}')
+                raise ValueError('Exception raised in callable attribute "{}"; original exception was: {}'.format(attr, exc))
 
     return instance
 
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ class DecimalField(Field):
         if self.localize:
             return localize_input(quantized)
 
-        return f'{quantized:f}'
+        return '{:f}'.format(quantized)
 
     def quantize(self, value):
         """
@@ -1861,7 +1861,7 @@ class SerializerMethodField(Field):
     def bind(self, field_name, parent):
         # The method name defaults to `get_{field_name}`.
         if self.method_name is None:
-            self.method_name = f'get_{field_name}'
+            self.method_name = 'get_{field_name}'.format(field_name=field_name)
 
         super().bind(field_name, parent)
 

rest_framework/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 # Thomas Tanner, 2015
 # Tom Jaster <futur3.tom@googlemail.com>, 2015
 # Xavier Ordoquy <xordoquy@linovia.com>, 2015
-# stefan6419846, 2025
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Django REST framework\n"
@@ -28,19 +27,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: authentication.py:70
 msgid "Invalid basic header. No credentials provided."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Basic Header. Keine Zugangsdaten angegeben."
+msgstr "Ungültiger basic header. Keine Zugangsdaten angegeben."
 
 #: authentication.py:73
 msgid "Invalid basic header. Credentials string should not contain spaces."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Basic Header. Zugangsdaten sollen keine Leerzeichen enthalten."
+msgstr "Ungültiger basic header. Zugangsdaten sollen keine Leerzeichen enthalten."
 
 #: authentication.py:83
 msgid "Invalid basic header. Credentials not correctly base64 encoded."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Basic Header. Zugangsdaten sind nicht korrekt mit base64 kodiert."
+msgstr "Ungültiger basic header. Zugangsdaten sind nicht korrekt mit base64 kodiert."
 
 #: authentication.py:101
 msgid "Invalid username/password."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Benutzername/Passwort."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Benutzername/Passwort"
 
 #: authentication.py:104 authentication.py:206
 msgid "User inactive or deleted."
@@ -48,16 +47,16 @@ msgstr "Benutzer inaktiv oder gelöscht."
 
 #: authentication.py:184
 msgid "Invalid token header. No credentials provided."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Token Header. Keine Zugangsdaten angegeben."
+msgstr "Ungültiger token header. Keine Zugangsdaten angegeben."
 
 #: authentication.py:187
 msgid "Invalid token header. Token string should not contain spaces."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Token Header. Zugangsdaten sollen keine Leerzeichen enthalten."
+msgstr "Ungültiger token header. Zugangsdaten sollen keine Leerzeichen enthalten."
 
 #: authentication.py:193
 msgid ""
 "Invalid token header. Token string should not contain invalid characters."
-msgstr "Ungültiger Token Header. Zugangsdaten dürfen keine ungültigen Zeichen enthalten."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Token Header. Tokens dürfen keine ungültigen Zeichen enthalten."
 
 #: authentication.py:203
 msgid "Invalid token."
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ msgstr "Ein Serverfehler ist aufgetreten."
 
 #: exceptions.py:142
 msgid "Invalid input."
-msgstr "Ungültige Eingabe."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: exceptions.py:161
 msgid "Malformed request."
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ msgstr "Anmeldedaten fehlen."
 
 #: exceptions.py:179
 msgid "You do not have permission to perform this action."
-msgstr "Sie sind nicht berechtigt, diese Aktion durchzuführen."
+msgstr "Sie sind nicht berechtigt diese Aktion durchzuführen."
 
 #: exceptions.py:185
 msgid "Not found."
@@ -152,17 +151,17 @@ msgstr "Die Anfrage wurde gedrosselt."
 #: exceptions.py:224
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected available in {wait} second."
-msgstr "Erwarte Verfügbarkeit in {wait} Sekunde."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: exceptions.py:225
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected available in {wait} seconds."
-msgstr "Erwarte Verfügbarkeit in {wait} Sekunden."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:316 relations.py:245 relations.py:279 validators.py:90
 #: validators.py:183
 msgid "This field is required."
-msgstr "Dieses Feld ist zwingend erforderlich."
+msgstr "Dieses Feld ist erforderlich."
 
 #: fields.py:317
 msgid "This field may not be null."
@@ -170,11 +169,11 @@ msgstr "Dieses Feld darf nicht null sein."
 
 #: fields.py:701
 msgid "Must be a valid boolean."
-msgstr "Muss ein gültiger Wahrheitswert sein."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:766
 msgid "Not a valid string."
-msgstr "Kein gültiger String."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:767
 msgid "This field may not be blank."
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ msgstr "Gib ein gültiges \"slug\" aus Buchstaben, Ziffern, Unterstrichen und Mi
 msgid ""
 "Enter a valid \"slug\" consisting of Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, "
 "or hyphens."
-msgstr "Gib ein gültiges \"slug\" aus Unicode-Buchstaben, Ziffern, Unterstrichen und Minuszeichen ein."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:854
 msgid "Enter a valid URL."
@@ -216,11 +215,11 @@ msgstr "Gib eine gültige URL ein."
 
 #: fields.py:867
 msgid "Must be a valid UUID."
-msgstr "Muss eine gültige UUID sein."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:903
 msgid "Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address."
-msgstr "Geben Sie eine gültige IPv4 oder IPv6 Adresse an."
+msgstr "Geben Sie eine gültige IPv4 oder IPv6 Adresse an"
 
 #: fields.py:931
 msgid "A valid integer is required."
@@ -274,11 +273,11 @@ msgstr "Erwarte eine Datums- und Zeitangabe, erhielt aber ein Datum."
 #: fields.py:1150
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Invalid datetime for the timezone \"{timezone}\"."
-msgstr "Ungültige Datumsangabe für die Zeitzone \"{timezone}\"."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1151
 msgid "Datetime value out of range."
-msgstr "Datumsangabe außerhalb des Bereichs."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1236
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -359,12 +358,12 @@ msgstr "Diese Liste darf nicht leer sein."
 #: fields.py:1605
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has at least {min_length} elements."
-msgstr "Dieses Feld muss mindestens {min_length} Einträge enthalten."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1606
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has no more than {max_length} elements."
-msgstr "Dieses Feld darf nicht mehr als {max_length} Einträge enthalten."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1682
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -373,7 +372,7 @@ msgstr "Erwartete ein Dictionary mit Elementen, erhielt aber den Typ \"{input_ty
 
 #: fields.py:1683
 msgid "This dictionary may not be empty."
-msgstr "Dieses Dictionary darf nicht leer sein."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1755
 msgid "Value must be valid JSON."
@@ -385,7 +384,7 @@ msgstr "Suche"
 
 #: filters.py:50
 msgid "A search term."
-msgstr "Ein Suchbegriff."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: filters.py:180 templates/rest_framework/filters/ordering.html:3
 msgid "Ordering"
@@ -393,7 +392,7 @@ msgstr "Sortierung"
 
 #: filters.py:181
 msgid "Which field to use when ordering the results."
-msgstr "Feld, das zum Sortieren der Ergebnisse verwendet werden soll."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: filters.py:287
 msgid "ascending"
@@ -405,11 +404,11 @@ msgstr "Absteigend"
 
 #: pagination.py:174
 msgid "A page number within the paginated result set."
-msgstr "Eine Seitenzahl in der paginierten Ergebnismenge."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:179 pagination.py:372 pagination.py:590
 msgid "Number of results to return per page."
-msgstr "Anzahl der pro Seite zurückzugebenden Ergebnisse."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:189
 msgid "Invalid page."
@@ -417,11 +416,11 @@ msgstr "Ungültige Seite."
 
 #: pagination.py:374
 msgid "The initial index from which to return the results."
-msgstr "Der initiale Index, von dem die Ergebnisse zurückgegeben werden sollen."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:581
 msgid "The pagination cursor value."
-msgstr "Der Zeigerwert für die Paginierung"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:583
 msgid "Invalid cursor"
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ msgstr "Ungültiger pk \"{pk_value}\" - Object existiert nicht."
 #: relations.py:247
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received {data_type}."
-msgstr "Falscher Typ. Erwarte pk-Wert, erhielt aber {data_type}."
+msgstr "Falscher Typ. Erwarte pk Wert, erhielt aber {data_type}."
 
 #: relations.py:280
 msgid "Invalid hyperlink - No URL match."
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@ msgstr "Ungültiger Hyperlink - Objekt existiert nicht."
 #: relations.py:283
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Incorrect type. Expected URL string, received {data_type}."
-msgstr "Falscher Typ. Erwarte URL-Zeichenkette, erhielt aber {data_type}."
+msgstr "Falscher Typ. Erwarte URL Zeichenkette, erhielt aber {data_type}."
 
 #: relations.py:448
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -465,20 +464,20 @@ msgstr "Ungültiger Wert."
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:32
 msgid "unique integer value"
-msgstr "eindeutiger Ganzzahl-Wert"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:34
 msgid "UUID string"
-msgstr "UUID-String"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:36
 msgid "unique value"
-msgstr "eindeutiger Wert"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "A {value_type} identifying this {name}."
-msgstr "Ein {value_type}, der {name} identifiziert."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: serializers.py:337
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -488,7 +487,7 @@ msgstr "Ungültige Daten. Dictionary erwartet, aber {datatype} erhalten."
 #: templates/rest_framework/admin.html:116
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:136
 msgid "Extra Actions"
-msgstr "Zusätzliche Aktionen"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/admin.html:130
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:150
@@ -497,27 +496,27 @@ msgstr "Filter"
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:37
 msgid "navbar"
-msgstr "Navigation"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:75
 msgid "content"
-msgstr "Inhalt"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:78
 msgid "request form"
-msgstr "Anfrage-Formular"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:157
 msgid "main content"
-msgstr "Hauptteil"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:173
 msgid "request info"
-msgstr "Anfrage-Informationen"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:177
 msgid "response info"
-msgstr "Antwort-Informationen"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/horizontal/radio.html:4
 #: templates/rest_framework/inline/radio.html:3
@@ -543,7 +542,7 @@ msgstr "Die Felder {field_names} müssen eine eindeutige Menge bilden."
 #: validators.py:171
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Surrogate characters are not allowed: U+{code_point:X}."
-msgstr "Ersatzzeichen sind nicht erlaubt: U+{code_point:X}."
+msgstr ""
 
 #: validators.py:243
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -566,7 +565,7 @@ msgstr "Ungültige Version in der \"Accept\" Kopfzeile."
 
 #: versioning.py:71
 msgid "Invalid version in URL path."
-msgstr "Ungültige Version im URL-Pfad."
+msgstr "Ungültige Version im URL Pfad."
 
 #: versioning.py:116
 msgid "Invalid version in URL path. Does not match any version namespace."

rest_framework/locale/ko_KR/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
 # Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
-#
+# 
 # Translators:
-# JAEGYUN JUNG <twicegoddessana1229@gmail.com>, 2024
-# Hochul Kwak <rhkrghcjf@gmail.com>, 2018
 # GarakdongBigBoy <novelview9@gmail.com>, 2017
+# Hochul Kwak <rhkrghcjf@gmail.com>, 2018
 # Joon Hwan 김준환 <xncbf12@gmail.com>, 2017
 # SUN CHOI <best2378@gmail.com>, 2015
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Django REST framework\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-22 16:13+0900\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-13 21:45+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2020-10-13 19:45+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: JAEGYUN JUNG <twicegoddessana1229@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language: ko_KR\n"
+"Last-Translator: Xavier Ordoquy <xordoquy@linovia.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Korean (Korea) (http://www.transifex.com/django-rest-framework-1/django-rest-framework/language/ko_KR/)\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: ko_KR\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
 
 #: authentication.py:70
 msgid "Invalid basic header. No credentials provided."
-msgstr "기본 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증 데이터가 제공되지 않았습니다."
+msgstr "기본 헤더(basic header)가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증데이터(credentials)가 제공되지 않았습니다."
 
 #: authentication.py:73
 msgid "Invalid basic header. Credentials string should not contain spaces."
-msgstr "기본 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증 데이터 문자열은 공백을 포함하지 않아야 합니다."
+msgstr "기본 헤더(basic header)가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증데이터(credentials) 문자열은 빈칸(spaces)을 포함하지 않아야 합니다."
 
-#: authentication.py:84
+#: authentication.py:83
 msgid "Invalid basic header. Credentials not correctly base64 encoded."
-msgstr "기본 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증 데이터가 올바르게 base64 인코딩되지 않았습니다."
+msgstr "기본 헤더(basic header)가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증데이터(credentials)가 base64로 적절히 부호화(encode)되지 않았습니다."
 
 #: authentication.py:101
 msgid "Invalid username/password."
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ msgstr "계정이 중지되었거나 삭제되었습니다."
 
 #: authentication.py:184
 msgid "Invalid token header. No credentials provided."
-msgstr "토큰 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증 데이터가 제공되지 않았습니다."
+msgstr "토큰 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 인증데이터(credentials)가 제공되지 않았습니다."
 
 #: authentication.py:187
 msgid "Invalid token header. Token string should not contain spaces."
-msgstr "토큰 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 토큰 문자열은 공백을 포함하지 않아야 합니다."
+msgstr "토큰 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 토큰 문자열은 빈칸(spaces)을 포함하지 않아야 합니다."
 
 #: authentication.py:193
 msgid ""
@@ -58,10 +58,6 @@ msgstr "토큰 헤더가 유효하지 않습니다. 토큰 문자열은 유효
 msgid "Invalid token."
 msgstr "토큰이 유효하지 않습니다."
 
-#: authtoken/admin.py:28 authtoken/serializers.py:9
-msgid "Username"
-msgstr "사용자 이름"
-
 #: authtoken/apps.py:7
 msgid "Auth Token"
 msgstr "인증 토큰"
@@ -72,19 +68,23 @@ msgstr "키"
 
 #: authtoken/models.py:16
 msgid "User"
-msgstr "사용자"
+msgstr "유저"
 
 #: authtoken/models.py:18
 msgid "Created"
-msgstr "생성일시"
+msgstr "생성됨"
 
-#: authtoken/models.py:27 authtoken/models.py:54 authtoken/serializers.py:19
+#: authtoken/models.py:27 authtoken/serializers.py:19
 msgid "Token"
 msgstr "토큰"
 
-#: authtoken/models.py:28 authtoken/models.py:55
+#: authtoken/models.py:28
 msgid "Tokens"
-msgstr "토큰(들)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: authtoken/serializers.py:9
+msgid "Username"
+msgstr "유저이름"
 
 #: authtoken/serializers.py:13
 msgid "Password"
@@ -92,398 +92,390 @@ msgstr "비밀번호"
 
 #: authtoken/serializers.py:35
 msgid "Unable to log in with provided credentials."
-msgstr "제공된 인증 데이터로는 로그인할 수 없습니다."
+msgstr "제공된 인증데이터(credentials)로는 로그인할 수 없습니다."
 
 #: authtoken/serializers.py:38
 msgid "Must include \"username\" and \"password\"."
 msgstr "\"아이디\"와 \"비밀번호\"를 포함해야 합니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:105
+#: exceptions.py:102
 msgid "A server error occurred."
 msgstr "서버 장애가 발생했습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:145
+#: exceptions.py:142
 msgid "Invalid input."
-msgstr "유효하지 않은 입력입니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: exceptions.py:166
+#: exceptions.py:161
 msgid "Malformed request."
 msgstr "잘못된 요청입니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:172
+#: exceptions.py:167
 msgid "Incorrect authentication credentials."
-msgstr "자격 인증 데이터가 올바르지 않습니다."
+msgstr "자격 인증데이터(authentication credentials)가 정확하지 않습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:178
+#: exceptions.py:173
 msgid "Authentication credentials were not provided."
-msgstr "자격 인증 데이터가 제공되지 않았습니다."
+msgstr "자격 인증데이터(authentication credentials)가 제공되지 않았습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:184
+#: exceptions.py:179
 msgid "You do not have permission to perform this action."
-msgstr "이 작업을 수행할 권한이 없습니다."
+msgstr "이 작업을 수행할 권한(permission)이 없습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:190
+#: exceptions.py:185
 msgid "Not found."
 msgstr "찾을 수 없습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:196
+#: exceptions.py:191
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Method \"{method}\" not allowed."
-msgstr "메서드 \"{method}\"는 허용되지 않습니다."
+msgstr "메소드(Method) \"{method}\"는 허용되지 않습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:207
+#: exceptions.py:202
 msgid "Could not satisfy the request Accept header."
-msgstr "요청 Accept 헤더를 만족시킬 수 없습니다."
+msgstr "Accept header 요청을 만족할 수 없습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:217
+#: exceptions.py:212
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Unsupported media type \"{media_type}\" in request."
 msgstr "요청된 \"{media_type}\"가 지원되지 않는 미디어 형태입니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:228
+#: exceptions.py:223
 msgid "Request was throttled."
-msgstr "요청이 제한되었습니다."
+msgstr "요청이 지연(throttled)되었습니다."
 
-#: exceptions.py:229
+#: exceptions.py:224
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected available in {wait} second."
-msgstr "{wait} 초 후에 사용 가능합니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: exceptions.py:230
+#: exceptions.py:225
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected available in {wait} seconds."
-msgstr "{wait} 초 후에 사용 가능합니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:292 relations.py:240 relations.py:276 validators.py:99
-#: validators.py:219
+#: fields.py:316 relations.py:245 relations.py:279 validators.py:90
+#: validators.py:183
 msgid "This field is required."
 msgstr "이 필드는 필수 항목입니다."
 
-#: fields.py:293
+#: fields.py:317
 msgid "This field may not be null."
 msgstr "이 필드는 null일 수 없습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:661
+#: fields.py:701
 msgid "Must be a valid boolean."
-msgstr "유효한 불리언이어야 합니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:724
+#: fields.py:766
 msgid "Not a valid string."
-msgstr "유효한 문자열이 아닙니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:725
+#: fields.py:767
 msgid "This field may not be blank."
 msgstr "이 필드는 blank일 수 없습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:726 fields.py:1881
+#: fields.py:768 fields.py:1881
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has no more than {max_length} characters."
-msgstr "이 필드의 글자 수가 {max_length} 이하인지 확인하세요."
+msgstr "이 필드의 글자 수가 {max_length} 이하인지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:727
+#: fields.py:769
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has at least {min_length} characters."
-msgstr "이 필드의 글자 수가 적어도 {min_length} 이상인지 확인하세요."
+msgstr "이 필드의 글자 수가  적어도 {min_length} 이상인지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:774
+#: fields.py:816
 msgid "Enter a valid email address."
-msgstr "유효한 이메일 주소를 입력하세요."
+msgstr "유효한 이메일 주소를 입력하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:785
+#: fields.py:827
 msgid "This value does not match the required pattern."
-msgstr "이 값은 요구되는 패턴과 일치하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "형식에 맞지 않는 값입니다."
 
-#: fields.py:796
+#: fields.py:838
 msgid ""
 "Enter a valid \"slug\" consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or "
 "hyphens."
-msgstr "문자, 숫자, 밑줄( _ ) 또는 하이픈( - )으로 이루어진 유효한 \"slug\"를 입력하세요."
+msgstr "문자, 숫자, 밑줄( _ ) 또는 하이픈( - )으로 이루어진 유효한 \"slug\"를 입력하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:797
+#: fields.py:839
 msgid ""
 "Enter a valid \"slug\" consisting of Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, "
 "or hyphens."
-msgstr "유니코드 문자, 숫자, 밑줄( _ ) 또는 하이픈( - )으로 이루어진 유효한 \"slug\"를 입력하세요."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:812
+#: fields.py:854
 msgid "Enter a valid URL."
-msgstr "유효한 URL을 입력하세요."
+msgstr "유효한 URL을 입력하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:825
+#: fields.py:867
 msgid "Must be a valid UUID."
-msgstr "유효한 UUID 이어야 합니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:861
+#: fields.py:903
 msgid "Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address."
-msgstr "유효한 IPv4 또는 IPv6 주소를 입력하세요."
+msgstr "유효한 IPv4 또는 IPv6 주소를 입력하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:889
+#: fields.py:931
 msgid "A valid integer is required."
-msgstr "유효한 정수를 입력하세요."
+msgstr "유효한 정수(integer)를 넣어주세요."
 
-#: fields.py:890 fields.py:927 fields.py:966 fields.py:1349
+#: fields.py:932 fields.py:969 fields.py:1005 fields.py:1366
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this value is less than or equal to {max_value}."
-msgstr "이 값이 {max_value}보다 작거나 같은지 확인하세요."
+msgstr "이 값이 {max_value}보다 작거나 같은지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:891 fields.py:928 fields.py:967 fields.py:1350
+#: fields.py:933 fields.py:970 fields.py:1006 fields.py:1367
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this value is greater than or equal to {min_value}."
-msgstr "이 값이 {min_value}보다 크거나 같은지 확인하세요."
+msgstr "이 값이 {min_value}보다 크거나 같은지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:892 fields.py:929 fields.py:971
+#: fields.py:934 fields.py:971 fields.py:1010
 msgid "String value too large."
-msgstr "문자열 값이 너무 깁니다."
+msgstr "문자열 값이 너무 큽니다."
 
-#: fields.py:926 fields.py:965
+#: fields.py:968 fields.py:1004
 msgid "A valid number is required."
-msgstr "유효한 숫자를 입력하세요."
+msgstr "유효한 숫자를 넣어주세요."
 
-#: fields.py:930
-msgid "Integer value too large to convert to float"
-msgstr "정수 값이 너무 커서 부동 소수점으로 변환할 수 없습니다."
-
-#: fields.py:968
+#: fields.py:1007
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure that there are no more than {max_digits} digits in total."
-msgstr "총 자릿수가 {max_digits}을(를) 초과하지 않는지 확인하세요."
+msgstr "전체 숫자(digits)가 {max_digits} 이하인지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:969
+#: fields.py:1008
 #, python-brace-format
-msgid "Ensure that there are no more than {max_decimal_places} decimal places."
-msgstr "소수점 이하 자릿수가 {max_decimal_places}을(를) 초과하지 않는지 확인하세요."
+msgid ""
+"Ensure that there are no more than {max_decimal_places} decimal places."
+msgstr "소수점 자릿수가  {max_decimal_places} 이하인지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:970
+#: fields.py:1009
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid ""
 "Ensure that there are no more than {max_whole_digits} digits before the "
 "decimal point."
-msgstr "소수점 앞 자릿수가 {max_whole_digits}을(를) 초과하지 않는지 확인하세요."
+msgstr "소수점 자리 앞에 숫자(digits)가 {max_whole_digits} 이하인지 확인하십시오."
 
-#: fields.py:1129
+#: fields.py:1148
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Datetime has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: {format}."
 msgstr "Datetime의 포멧이 잘못되었습니다. 이 형식들 중 한가지를 사용하세요: {format}."
 
-#: fields.py:1130
+#: fields.py:1149
 msgid "Expected a datetime but got a date."
-msgstr "datatime이 예상되었지만 date를 받았습니다."
+msgstr "예상된 datatime 대신 date를 받았습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1131
+#: fields.py:1150
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Invalid datetime for the timezone \"{timezone}\"."
-msgstr "\"{timezone}\" 시간대에 대한 유효하지 않은 datetime 입니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:1132
+#: fields.py:1151
 msgid "Datetime value out of range."
-msgstr "Datetime 값이 범위를 벗어났습니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:1219
+#: fields.py:1236
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: {format}."
 msgstr "Date의 포멧이 잘못되었습니다. 이 형식들 중 한가지를 사용하세요: {format}."
 
-#: fields.py:1220
+#: fields.py:1237
 msgid "Expected a date but got a datetime."
 msgstr "예상된 date 대신 datetime을 받았습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1286
+#: fields.py:1303
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Time has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: {format}."
 msgstr "Time의 포멧이 잘못되었습니다. 이 형식들 중 한가지를 사용하세요: {format}."
 
-#: fields.py:1348
+#: fields.py:1365
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Duration has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: {format}."
 msgstr "Duration의 포멧이 잘못되었습니다. 이 형식들 중 한가지를 사용하세요: {format}."
 
-#: fields.py:1351
-#, python-brace-format
-msgid "The number of days must be between {min_days} and {max_days}."
-msgstr "일수는 {min_days} 이상 {max_days} 이하이어야 합니다."
-
-#: fields.py:1386 fields.py:1446
+#: fields.py:1399 fields.py:1456
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "\"{input}\" is not a valid choice."
-msgstr "\"{input}\"은 유효하지 않은 선택입니다."
+msgstr "\"{input}\"이 유효하지 않은 선택(choice)입니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1389
+#: fields.py:1402
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "More than {count} items..."
-msgstr "{count}개 이상의 아이템이 있습니다..."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:1447 fields.py:1596 relations.py:486 serializers.py:593
+#: fields.py:1457 fields.py:1603 relations.py:485 serializers.py:570
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected a list of items but got type \"{input_type}\"."
 msgstr "아이템 리스트가 예상되었으나 \"{input_type}\"를 받았습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1448
+#: fields.py:1458
 msgid "This selection may not be empty."
 msgstr "이 선택 항목은 비워 둘 수 없습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1487
+#: fields.py:1495
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "\"{input}\" is not a valid path choice."
-msgstr "\"{input}\"은 유효하지 않은 경로 선택입니다."
+msgstr "\"{input}\"이 유효하지 않은 경로 선택입니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1507
+#: fields.py:1514
 msgid "No file was submitted."
 msgstr "파일이 제출되지 않았습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1508
-msgid "The submitted data was not a file. Check the encoding type on the form."
+#: fields.py:1515
+msgid ""
+"The submitted data was not a file. Check the encoding type on the form."
 msgstr "제출된 데이터는 파일이 아닙니다. 제출된 서식의 인코딩 형식을 확인하세요."
 
-#: fields.py:1509
+#: fields.py:1516
 msgid "No filename could be determined."
 msgstr "파일명을 알 수 없습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1510
+#: fields.py:1517
 msgid "The submitted file is empty."
 msgstr "제출한 파일이 비어있습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1511
+#: fields.py:1518
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid ""
 "Ensure this filename has at most {max_length} characters (it has {length})."
-msgstr "이 파일명의 글자수가 최대 {max_length}자를 넘지 않는지 확인하세요. (현재 {length}자입니다)."
+msgstr "이 파일명의 글자수가 최대 {max_length}를 넘지 않는지 확인하십시오. (이것은 {length}가 있습니다)."
 
-#: fields.py:1559
+#: fields.py:1566
 msgid ""
 "Upload a valid image. The file you uploaded was either not an image or a "
 "corrupted image."
-msgstr "유효한 이미지 파일을 업로드하세요. 업로드하신 파일은 이미지 파일이 아니거나 손상된 이미지 파일입니다."
+msgstr "유효한 이미지 파일을 업로드 하십시오. 업로드 하신 파일은 이미지 파일이 아니거나 손상된 이미지 파일입니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1597 relations.py:487 serializers.py:594
+#: fields.py:1604 relations.py:486 serializers.py:571
 msgid "This list may not be empty."
 msgstr "이 리스트는 비워 둘 수 없습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1598 serializers.py:596
+#: fields.py:1605
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has at least {min_length} elements."
-msgstr "이 필드가 최소 {min_length} 개의 요소를 가지는지 확인하세요."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:1599 serializers.py:595
+#: fields.py:1606
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has no more than {max_length} elements."
-msgstr "이 필드가 최대 {max_length} 개의 요소를 가지는지 확인하세요."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:1677
+#: fields.py:1682
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected a dictionary of items but got type \"{input_type}\"."
 msgstr "아이템 딕셔너리가 예상되었으나 \"{input_type}\" 타입을 받았습니다."
 
-#: fields.py:1678
+#: fields.py:1683
 msgid "This dictionary may not be empty."
-msgstr "이 딕셔너리는 비어있을 수 없습니다."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: fields.py:1750
+#: fields.py:1755
 msgid "Value must be valid JSON."
-msgstr "유효한 JSON 값이어야 합니다."
+msgstr "Value 는 유효한 JSON형식이어야 합니다."
 
-#: filters.py:72 templates/rest_framework/filters/search.html:2
-#: templates/rest_framework/filters/search.html:8
+#: filters.py:49 templates/rest_framework/filters/search.html:2
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "검색"
 
-#: filters.py:73
+#: filters.py:50
 msgid "A search term."
-msgstr "검색어."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: filters.py:224 templates/rest_framework/filters/ordering.html:3
+#: filters.py:180 templates/rest_framework/filters/ordering.html:3
 msgid "Ordering"
 msgstr "순서"
 
-#: filters.py:225
+#: filters.py:181
 msgid "Which field to use when ordering the results."
-msgstr "결과 정렬 시 사용할 필드."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: filters.py:341
+#: filters.py:287
 msgid "ascending"
 msgstr "오름차순"
 
-#: filters.py:342
+#: filters.py:288
 msgid "descending"
 msgstr "내림차순"
 
-#: pagination.py:180
+#: pagination.py:174
 msgid "A page number within the paginated result set."
-msgstr "페이지네이션된 결과 집합 내의 페이지 번호."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: pagination.py:185 pagination.py:382 pagination.py:599
+#: pagination.py:179 pagination.py:372 pagination.py:590
 msgid "Number of results to return per page."
-msgstr "페이지당 반환할 결과 수."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: pagination.py:195
+#: pagination.py:189
 msgid "Invalid page."
 msgstr "페이지가 유효하지 않습니다."
 
-#: pagination.py:384
+#: pagination.py:374
 msgid "The initial index from which to return the results."
-msgstr "결과를 반환할 초기 인덱스."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: pagination.py:590
+#: pagination.py:581
 msgid "The pagination cursor value."
-msgstr "페이지네이션 커서 값."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: pagination.py:592
+#: pagination.py:583
 msgid "Invalid cursor"
-msgstr "커서가 유효하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "커서(cursor)가 유효하지 않습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:241
+#: relations.py:246
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Invalid pk \"{pk_value}\" - object does not exist."
 msgstr "유효하지 않은 pk \"{pk_value}\" - 객체가 존재하지 않습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:242
+#: relations.py:247
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received {data_type}."
-msgstr "잘못된 형식입니다. pk 값이 예상되었지만, {data_type}을(를) 받았습니다."
+msgstr "잘못된 형식입니다. pk 값 대신 {data_type}를 받았습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:277
+#: relations.py:280
 msgid "Invalid hyperlink - No URL match."
 msgstr "유효하지 않은 하이퍼링크 - 일치하는 URL이 없습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:278
+#: relations.py:281
 msgid "Invalid hyperlink - Incorrect URL match."
 msgstr "유효하지 않은 하이퍼링크 - URL이 일치하지 않습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:279
+#: relations.py:282
 msgid "Invalid hyperlink - Object does not exist."
 msgstr "유효하지 않은 하이퍼링크 - 객체가 존재하지 않습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:280
+#: relations.py:283
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Incorrect type. Expected URL string, received {data_type}."
 msgstr "잘못된 형식입니다. URL 문자열을 예상했으나 {data_type}을 받았습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:445
+#: relations.py:448
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Object with {slug_name}={value} does not exist."
 msgstr "{slug_name}={value} 객체가 존재하지 않습니다."
 
-#: relations.py:446
+#: relations.py:449
 msgid "Invalid value."
 msgstr "값이 유효하지 않습니다."
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:32
 msgid "unique integer value"
-msgstr "고유한 정수 값"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:34
 msgid "UUID string"
-msgstr "UUID 문자열"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:36
 msgid "unique value"
-msgstr "고유한 값"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "A {value_type} identifying this {name}."
-msgstr "{name}을 식별하는 {value_type}."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: serializers.py:340
+#: serializers.py:337
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Invalid data. Expected a dictionary, but got {datatype}."
 msgstr "유효하지 않은 데이터. 딕셔너리(dictionary)대신 {datatype}를 받았습니다."
@@ -491,7 +483,7 @@ msgstr "유효하지 않은 데이터. 딕셔너리(dictionary)대신 {datatype}
 #: templates/rest_framework/admin.html:116
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:136
 msgid "Extra Actions"
-msgstr "추가 Action들"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/admin.html:130
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:150
@@ -500,33 +492,33 @@ msgstr "필터"
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:37
 msgid "navbar"
-msgstr "네비게이션 바"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:75
 msgid "content"
-msgstr "콘텐츠"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:78
 msgid "request form"
-msgstr "요청 폼"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:157
 msgid "main content"
-msgstr "메인 콘텐츠"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:173
 msgid "request info"
-msgstr "요청 정보"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:177
 msgid "response info"
-msgstr "응답 정보"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/horizontal/radio.html:4
 #: templates/rest_framework/inline/radio.html:3
 #: templates/rest_framework/vertical/radio.html:3
 msgid "None"
-msgstr "없음"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/horizontal/select_multiple.html:4
 #: templates/rest_framework/inline/select_multiple.html:3
@@ -536,49 +528,49 @@ msgstr "선택할 아이템이 없습니다."
 
 #: validators.py:39
 msgid "This field must be unique."
-msgstr "이 필드는 반드시 고유해야 합니다."
+msgstr "이 필드는 반드시 고유(unique)해야 합니다."
 
-#: validators.py:98
+#: validators.py:89
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "The fields {field_names} must make a unique set."
-msgstr "필드 {field_names} 는 반드시 고유해야 합니다."
+msgstr "필드 {field_names} 는 반드시 고유(unique)해야 합니다."
 
-#: validators.py:200
+#: validators.py:171
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Surrogate characters are not allowed: U+{code_point:X}."
-msgstr "대체(surrogate) 문자는 허용되지 않습니다: U+{code_point:X}."
+msgstr ""
 
-#: validators.py:290
+#: validators.py:243
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "This field must be unique for the \"{date_field}\" date."
-msgstr "이 필드는 \"{date_field}\" 날짜에 대해 고유해야 합니다."
+msgstr "이 필드는 고유(unique)한 \"{date_field}\" 날짜를 갖습니다."
 
-#: validators.py:305
+#: validators.py:258
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "This field must be unique for the \"{date_field}\" month."
-msgstr "이 필드는 \"{date_field}\" 월에 대해 고유해야 합니다."
+msgstr "이 필드는  고유(unique)한 \"{date_field}\" 월을 갖습니다. "
 
-#: validators.py:318
+#: validators.py:271
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "This field must be unique for the \"{date_field}\" year."
-msgstr "이 필드는 \"{date_field}\" 연도에 대해 고유해야 합니다."
+msgstr "이 필드는 고유(unique)한 \"{date_field}\" 년을 갖습니다. "
 
 #: versioning.py:40
 msgid "Invalid version in \"Accept\" header."
-msgstr "\"Accept\" 헤더의 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "\"Accept\" 헤더(header)의 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
 
 #: versioning.py:71
 msgid "Invalid version in URL path."
-msgstr "URL 경로의 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "URL path의 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
 
-#: versioning.py:118
+#: versioning.py:116
 msgid "Invalid version in URL path. Does not match any version namespace."
-msgstr "URL 경로에 유효하지 않은 버전이 있습니다. 버전 네임스페이스와 일치하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "URL 경로에 유효하지 않은 버전이 있습니다. 버전 네임 스페이스와 일치하지 않습니다."
 
-#: versioning.py:150
+#: versioning.py:148
 msgid "Invalid version in hostname."
-msgstr "hostname 내 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "hostname내 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
 
-#: versioning.py:172
+#: versioning.py:170
 msgid "Invalid version in query parameter."
-msgstr "쿼리 파라메터 내 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."
+msgstr "쿼리 파라메터내 버전이 유효하지 않습니다."

rest_framework/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
 # Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
-#
+# 
 # Translators:
 # Cloves Oliveira <clovesolivier23@gmail.com>, 2020
 # Craig Blaszczyk <masterjakul@gmail.com>, 2015
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 # Hugo Leonardo Chalhoub Mendonça <hugoleonardocm@live.com>, 2015
 # Jonatas Baldin <jonatas.baldin@gmail.com>, 2017
 # Gabriel Mitelman Tkacz <gmtkacz@proton.me>, 2024
-# Matheus Oliveira <moliveiracdev@gmail.com>, 2025
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Django REST framework\n"
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ msgstr "Não foi possível satisfazer a requisição do cabeçalho Accept."
 #: exceptions.py:212
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Unsupported media type \"{media_type}\" in request."
-msgstr "Tipo de mídia \"{media_type}\" no pedido não é suportado."
+msgstr "Tipo de mídia  \"{media_type}\" no pedido não é suportado."
 
 #: exceptions.py:223
 msgid "Request was throttled."
@@ -201,17 +200,17 @@ msgstr "Este valor não corresponde ao padrão exigido."
 msgid ""
 "Enter a valid \"slug\" consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or "
 "hyphens."
-msgstr "Insira um \"slug\" válido que consista de letras, números, sublinhados ou hífens."
+msgstr "Entrar um \"slug\" válido que consista de letras, números, sublinhados ou hífens."
 
 #: fields.py:839
 msgid ""
 "Enter a valid \"slug\" consisting of Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, "
 "or hyphens."
-msgstr "Insira um \"slug\" válido que consista de letras Unicode, números, sublinhados ou hífens."
+msgstr "Digite um \"slug\" válido que consista de letras Unicode, números, sublinhados ou hífens."
 
 #: fields.py:854
 msgid "Enter a valid URL."
-msgstr "Insira um URL válido."
+msgstr "Entrar um URL válido."
 
 #: fields.py:867
 msgid "Must be a valid UUID."
@@ -291,12 +290,12 @@ msgstr "Necessário uma data mas recebeu uma data e hora."
 #: fields.py:1303
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Time has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: {format}."
-msgstr "Formato inválido para tempo. Use um dos formatos a seguir: {format}."
+msgstr "Formato inválido para Tempo. Use um dos formatos a seguir: {format}."
 
 #: fields.py:1365
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Duration has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: {format}."
-msgstr "Formato inválido para duração. Use um dos formatos a seguir: {format}."
+msgstr "Formato inválido para Duração. Use um dos formatos a seguir: {format}."
 
 #: fields.py:1399 fields.py:1456
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -349,7 +348,7 @@ msgstr "Certifique-se de que o nome do arquivo tem menos de {max_length} caracte
 msgid ""
 "Upload a valid image. The file you uploaded was either not an image or a "
 "corrupted image."
-msgstr "Faça upload de uma imagem válida. O arquivo enviado não é um arquivo de imagem ou está corrompido."
+msgstr "Fazer upload de uma imagem válida. O arquivo enviado não é um arquivo de imagem ou está corrompido."
 
 #: fields.py:1604 relations.py:486 serializers.py:571
 msgid "This list may not be empty."
@@ -376,7 +375,7 @@ msgstr "Este dicionário não pode estar vazio."
 
 #: fields.py:1755
 msgid "Value must be valid JSON."
-msgstr "Valor deve ser JSON válido."
+msgstr "Valor devo ser JSON válido."
 
 #: filters.py:49 templates/rest_framework/filters/search.html:2
 msgid "Search"
@@ -396,11 +395,11 @@ msgstr "Qual campo usar ao ordenar os resultados."
 
 #: filters.py:287
 msgid "ascending"
-msgstr "crescente"
+msgstr "ascendente"
 
 #: filters.py:288
 msgid "descending"
-msgstr "decrescente"
+msgstr "descendente"
 
 #: pagination.py:174
 msgid "A page number within the paginated result set."
@@ -532,7 +531,7 @@ msgstr "Nenhum item para escholher."
 
 #: validators.py:39
 msgid "This field must be unique."
-msgstr "Esse campo deve ser único."
+msgstr "Esse campo deve ser  único."
 
 #: validators.py:89
 #, python-brace-format

rest_framework/locale/zh_Hans/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ msgstr "服务器出现了错误。"
 
 #: exceptions.py:142
 msgid "Invalid input."
-msgstr "无效的输入。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: exceptions.py:161
 msgid "Malformed request."
@@ -142,17 +142,17 @@ msgstr "不支持请求中的媒体类型 “{media_type}”。"
 
 #: exceptions.py:223
 msgid "Request was throttled."
-msgstr "请求已被限流。"
+msgstr "请求超过了限速。"
 
 #: exceptions.py:224
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected available in {wait} second."
-msgstr "预计 {wait} 秒后可用。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: exceptions.py:225
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Expected available in {wait} seconds."
-msgstr "预计 {wait} 秒后可用。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:316 relations.py:245 relations.py:279 validators.py:90
 #: validators.py:183
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ msgstr "该字段不能为 null。"
 
 #: fields.py:701
 msgid "Must be a valid boolean."
-msgstr "必须是有效的布尔值。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:766
 msgid "Not a valid string."
-msgstr "不是有效的字符串。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:767
 msgid "This field may not be blank."
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ msgstr "请输入合法的“短语“，只能包含字母，数字，下划线
 msgid ""
 "Enter a valid \"slug\" consisting of Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, "
 "or hyphens."
-msgstr "请输入有效的“slug”，由 Unicode 字母、数字、下划线或连字符组成。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:854
 msgid "Enter a valid URL."
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ msgstr "请输入合法的URL。"
 
 #: fields.py:867
 msgid "Must be a valid UUID."
-msgstr "必须是有效的 UUID。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:903
 msgid "Enter a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address."
@@ -269,11 +269,11 @@ msgstr "期望为日期时间，获得的是日期。"
 #: fields.py:1150
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Invalid datetime for the timezone \"{timezone}\"."
-msgstr "时区“{timezone}”的时间格式无效。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1151
 msgid "Datetime value out of range."
-msgstr "时间数值超出有效范围。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1236
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -354,12 +354,12 @@ msgstr "列表不能为空。"
 #: fields.py:1605
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has at least {min_length} elements."
-msgstr "该字段必须包含至少 {min_length} 个元素。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1606
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Ensure this field has no more than {max_length} elements."
-msgstr "该字段不能超过 {max_length} 个元素。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1682
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ msgstr "期望是包含类目的字典，得到类型为 “{input_type}”。"
 
 #: fields.py:1683
 msgid "This dictionary may not be empty."
-msgstr "该字典不能为空。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: fields.py:1755
 msgid "Value must be valid JSON."
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ msgstr " 搜索"
 
 #: filters.py:50
 msgid "A search term."
-msgstr "搜索关键词。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: filters.py:180 templates/rest_framework/filters/ordering.html:3
 msgid "Ordering"
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ msgstr "排序"
 
 #: filters.py:181
 msgid "Which field to use when ordering the results."
-msgstr "用于排序结果的字段。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: filters.py:287
 msgid "ascending"
@@ -400,11 +400,11 @@ msgstr "倒排序"
 
 #: pagination.py:174
 msgid "A page number within the paginated result set."
-msgstr "分页结果集中的页码。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:179 pagination.py:372 pagination.py:590
 msgid "Number of results to return per page."
-msgstr "每页返回的结果数量。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:189
 msgid "Invalid page."
@@ -412,11 +412,11 @@ msgstr "无效页面。"
 
 #: pagination.py:374
 msgid "The initial index from which to return the results."
-msgstr "返回结果的起始索引位置。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:581
 msgid "The pagination cursor value."
-msgstr "分页游标值"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: pagination.py:583
 msgid "Invalid cursor"
@@ -460,20 +460,20 @@ msgstr "无效值。"
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:32
 msgid "unique integer value"
-msgstr "唯一整数值"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:34
 msgid "UUID string"
-msgstr "UUID 字符串"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:36
 msgid "unique value"
-msgstr "唯一值"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: schemas/utils.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "A {value_type} identifying this {name}."
-msgstr "标识此 {name} 的 {value_type}。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: serializers.py:337
 #, python-brace-format
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ msgstr "无效数据。期待为字典类型，得到的是 {datatype} 。"
 #: templates/rest_framework/admin.html:116
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:136
 msgid "Extra Actions"
-msgstr "扩展操作"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/admin.html:130
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:150
@@ -492,27 +492,27 @@ msgstr "过滤器"
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:37
 msgid "navbar"
-msgstr "导航栏"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:75
 msgid "content"
-msgstr "内容主体"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:78
 msgid "request form"
-msgstr "请求表单"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:157
 msgid "main content"
-msgstr "主要内容区"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:173
 msgid "request info"
-msgstr "请求信息"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/base.html:177
 msgid "response info"
-msgstr "响应信息"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: templates/rest_framework/horizontal/radio.html:4
 #: templates/rest_framework/inline/radio.html:3
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ msgstr "字段 {field_names} 必须能构成唯一集合。"
 #: validators.py:171
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Surrogate characters are not allowed: U+{code_point:X}."
-msgstr "不允许使用代理字符: U+{code_point:X}。"
+msgstr ""
 
 #: validators.py:243
 #, python-brace-format

rest_framework/negotiation.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class DefaultContentNegotiation(BaseContentNegotiation):
                             full_media_type = ';'.join(
                                 (renderer.media_type,) +
                                 tuple(
-                                    f'{key}={value}'
+                                    '{}={}'.format(key, value)
                                     for key, value in media_type_wrapper.params.items()
                                 )
                             )

rest_framework/permissions.py

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission):
         if hasattr(view, 'get_queryset'):
             queryset = view.get_queryset()
             assert queryset is not None, (
-                f'{view.__class__.__name__}.get_queryset() returned None'
+                '{}.get_queryset() returned None'.format(view.__class__.__name__)
             )
             return queryset
         return view.queryset

rest_framework/response.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class Response(SimpleTemplateResponse):
         content_type = self.content_type
 
         if content_type is None and charset is not None:
-            content_type = f"{media_type}; charset={charset}"
+            content_type = "{}; charset={}".format(media_type, charset)
         elif content_type is None:
             content_type = media_type
         self['Content-Type'] = content_type

rest_framework/schemas/coreapi.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class LinkNode(dict):
             current_val = self.methods_counter[preferred_key]
             self.methods_counter[preferred_key] += 1
 
-            key = f'{preferred_key}_{current_val}'
+            key = '{}_{}'.format(preferred_key, current_val)
             if key not in self:
                 return key
 

rest_framework/schemas/openapi.py

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class SchemaGenerator(BaseSchemaGenerator):
                     continue
                 if components_schemas[k] == components[k]:
                     continue
-                warnings.warn(f'Schema component "{k}" has been overridden with a different value.')
+                warnings.warn('Schema component "{}" has been overridden with a different value.'.format(k))
 
             components_schemas.update(components)
 
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ class AutoSchema(ViewInspector):
         return self.get_serializer(path, method)
 
     def get_reference(self, serializer):
-        return {'$ref': f'#/components/schemas/{self.get_component_name(serializer)}'}
+        return {'$ref': '#/components/schemas/{}'.format(self.get_component_name(serializer))}
 
     def get_request_body(self, path, method):
         if method not in ('PUT', 'PATCH', 'POST'):

rest_framework/utils/field_mapping.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def get_unique_validators(field_name, model_field):
     """
     Returns a list of UniqueValidators that should be applied to the field.
     """
-    field_set = {field_name}
+    field_set = set([field_name])
     conditions = {
         c.condition
         for c in model_field.model._meta.constraints

rest_framework/utils/serializer_helpers.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import contextlib
+import sys
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
@@ -28,20 +29,21 @@ class ReturnDict(dict):
         # but preserve the raw data.
         return (dict, (dict(self),))
 
-    # These are basically copied from OrderedDict, with `serializer` added.
-    def __or__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, dict):
-            return NotImplemented
-        new = self.__class__(self, serializer=self.serializer)
-        new.update(other)
-        return new
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+        # These are basically copied from OrderedDict, with `serializer` added.
+        def __or__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, dict):
+                return NotImplemented
+            new = self.__class__(self, serializer=self.serializer)
+            new.update(other)
+            return new
 
-    def __ror__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, dict):
-            return NotImplemented
-        new = self.__class__(other, serializer=self.serializer)
-        new.update(self)
-        return new
+        def __ror__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, dict):
+                return NotImplemented
+            new = self.__class__(other, serializer=self.serializer)
+            new.update(self)
+            return new
 
 
 class ReturnList(list):

setup.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ setup(
     author_email='tom@tomchristie.com',  # SEE NOTE BELOW (*)
     packages=find_packages(exclude=['tests*']),
     include_package_data=True,
-    install_requires=["django>=4.2"],
+    install_requires=["django>=4.2", 'backports.zoneinfo;python_version<"3.9"'],
     python_requires=">=3.9",
     zip_safe=False,
     classifiers=[

tests/schemas/test_coreapi.py

@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ class TestURLNamingCollisions(TestCase):
 
         for method, suffix in zip(methods, suffixes):
             if suffix is not None:
-                key = f'{method}_{suffix}'
+                key = '{}_{}'.format(method, suffix)
             else:
                 key = method
             assert loc[key].url == url

tests/schemas/test_managementcommand.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class GenerateSchemaTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_accepts_custom_schema_generator(self):
         call_command('generateschema',
-                     f'--generator_class={__name__}.{CustomSchemaGenerator.__name__}',
+                     '--generator_class={}.{}'.format(__name__, CustomSchemaGenerator.__name__),
                      stdout=self.out)
         out_json = yaml.safe_load(self.out.getvalue())
         assert out_json == CustomSchemaGenerator.SCHEMA
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class GenerateSchemaTests(TestCase):
     def test_writes_schema_to_file_on_parameter(self):
         fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
         try:
-            call_command('generateschema', f'--file={path}', stdout=self.out)
+            call_command('generateschema', '--file={}'.format(path), stdout=self.out)
             # nothing on stdout
             assert not self.out.getvalue()
 

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ class ExceptionTestCase(TestCase):
 
         exception = Throttled(wait=2)
         assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': f'Request was throttled. Expected available in {2} seconds.',
+            'message': 'Request was throttled. Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),
             'code': 'throttled'}
 
         exception = Throttled(wait=2, detail='Slow down!')
         assert exception.get_full_details() == {
-            'message': f'Slow down! Expected available in {2} seconds.',
+            'message': 'Slow down! Expected available in {} seconds.'.format(2),
             'code': 'throttled'}
 
 

tests/test_fields.py

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import datetime
 import math
 import os
 import re
+import sys
 import uuid
 import warnings
 from decimal import ROUND_DOWN, ROUND_UP, Decimal
 from enum import auto
 from unittest.mock import patch
-from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ from rest_framework.fields import (
 )
 from tests.models import UUIDForeignKeyTarget
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+else:
+    from backports.zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
 utc = datetime.timezone.utc
 
 # Tests for helper functions.
@@ -636,6 +641,10 @@ class Test5087Regression:
 
 
 class TestTyping(TestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_field_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert serializers.Field is serializers.Field["foo"]
 
@@ -662,7 +671,7 @@ class FieldValues:
         """
         for input_value, expected_output in get_items(self.valid_inputs):
             assert self.field.run_validation(input_value) == expected_output, \
-                f'input value: {repr(input_value)}'
+                'input value: {}'.format(repr(input_value))
 
     def test_invalid_inputs(self, *args):
         """
@@ -672,12 +681,12 @@ class FieldValues:
             with pytest.raises(serializers.ValidationError) as exc_info:
                 self.field.run_validation(input_value)
             assert exc_info.value.detail == expected_failure, \
-                f'input value: {repr(input_value)}'
+                'input value: {}'.format(repr(input_value))
 
     def test_outputs(self, *args):
         for output_value, expected_output in get_items(self.outputs):
             assert self.field.to_representation(output_value) == expected_output, \
-                f'output value: {repr(output_value)}'
+                'output value: {}'.format(repr(output_value))
 
 
 # Boolean types...
@@ -1422,7 +1431,7 @@ class TestDateField(FieldValues):
     outputs = {
         datetime.date(2001, 1, 1): '2001-01-01',
         '2001-01-01': '2001-01-01',
-        '2016-01-10': '2016-01-10',
+        str('2016-01-10'): '2016-01-10',
         None: None,
         '': None,
     }
@@ -1489,7 +1498,7 @@ class TestDateTimeField(FieldValues):
         datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00): '2001-01-01T13:00:00Z',
         datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1, 13, 00, tzinfo=utc): '2001-01-01T13:00:00Z',
         '2001-01-01T00:00:00': '2001-01-01T00:00:00',
-        '2016-01-10T00:00:00': '2016-01-10T00:00:00',
+        str('2016-01-10T00:00:00'): '2016-01-10T00:00:00',
         None: None,
         '': None,
     }

tests/test_generics.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import sys
+
 import pytest
 from django.db import models
 from django.http import Http404
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ class TestInstanceView(TestCase):
         """
         data = {'text': 'foo'}
         filtered_out_pk = BasicModel.objects.filter(text='filtered out')[0].pk
-        request = factory.put(f'/{filtered_out_pk}', data, format='json')
+        request = factory.put('/{}'.format(filtered_out_pk), data, format='json')
         response = self.view(request, pk=filtered_out_pk).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
 
@@ -701,11 +703,23 @@ class TestSerializer(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestTyping(TestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_genericview_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert generics.GenericAPIView is generics.GenericAPIView["foo"]
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_listview_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert generics.ListAPIView is generics.ListAPIView["foo"]
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_instanceview_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert generics.RetrieveAPIView is generics.RetrieveAPIView["foo"]

tests/test_model_serializer.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import datetime
 import decimal
 import json  # noqa
 import re
+import sys
 import tempfile
 
 import pytest
@@ -396,6 +397,10 @@ class TestDurationFieldMapping(TestCase):
                 fields = '__all__'
 
         expected = dedent("""
+            TestSerializer():
+                id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
+                duration_field = DurationField(max_value=datetime.timedelta(3), min_value=datetime.timedelta(1))
+        """) if sys.version_info < (3, 7) else dedent("""
             TestSerializer():
                 id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
                 duration_field = DurationField(max_value=datetime.timedelta(days=3), min_value=datetime.timedelta(days=1))

tests/test_pagination.py

@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class TestLimitOffset:
         content = self.get_paginated_content(queryset)
         next_limit = self.pagination.default_limit
         next_offset = self.pagination.default_limit
-        next_url = f'http://testserver/?limit={next_limit}&offset={next_offset}'
+        next_url = 'http://testserver/?limit={}&offset={}'.format(next_limit, next_offset)
         assert queryset == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
         assert content.get('next') == next_url
 
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ class TestLimitOffset:
         content = self.get_paginated_content(queryset)
         next_limit = self.pagination.default_limit
         next_offset = self.pagination.default_limit
-        next_url = f'http://testserver/?limit={next_limit}&offset={next_offset}'
+        next_url = 'http://testserver/?limit={}&offset={}'.format(next_limit, next_offset)
         assert queryset == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
         assert content.get('next') == next_url
 
@@ -565,9 +565,9 @@ class TestLimitOffset:
         max_limit = self.pagination.max_limit
         next_offset = offset + max_limit
         prev_offset = offset - max_limit
-        base_url = f'http://testserver/?limit={max_limit}'
-        next_url = base_url + f'&offset={next_offset}'
-        prev_url = base_url + f'&offset={prev_offset}'
+        base_url = 'http://testserver/?limit={}'.format(max_limit)
+        next_url = base_url + '&offset={}'.format(next_offset)
+        prev_url = base_url + '&offset={}'.format(prev_offset)
         assert queryset == list(range(51, 66))
         assert content.get('next') == next_url
         assert content.get('previous') == prev_url

tests/test_permissions.py

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
             'delete': f('delete', model_name)
         }
         for perm in perms.values():
-            perm = f'{app_label}.{perm}'
+            perm = '{}.{}'.format(app_label, perm)
             assign_perm(perm, everyone)
         everyone.user_set.add(*users.values())
 
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ class PermissionsCompositionTests(TestCase):
         assert hasperm is False
 
     def test_operand_holder_is_hashable(self):
-        assert hash(permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.IsAdminUser)
+        assert hash((permissions.IsAuthenticated & permissions.IsAdminUser))
 
     def test_operand_holder_hash_same_for_same_operands_and_operator(self):
         first_operand_holder = (

tests/test_relations_pk.py

@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ class OneToOnePrimaryKeyTests(TestCase):
         source = OneToOnePKSourceSerializer(data={'name': 'source-2', 'target': target_pk})
         # Then: The source is valid with the serializer
         if not source.is_valid():
-            self.fail(f"Expected OneToOnePKTargetSerializer to be valid but had errors: {source.errors}")
+            self.fail("Expected OneToOnePKTargetSerializer to be valid but had errors: {}".format(source.errors))
         # Then: Saving the serializer creates a new object
         new_source = source.save()
         # Then: The new object has the same pk as the target object

tests/test_renderers.py

@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ class UnicodeJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         obj = {'should_escape': '\u2028\u2029'}
         renderer = JSONRenderer()
         content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, b'{"should_escape":"\\u2028\\u2029"}')
+        self.assertEqual(content, '{"should_escape":"\\u2028\\u2029"}'.encode())
 
 
 class AsciiJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class AsciiJSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         obj = {'countries': ['United Kingdom', 'France', 'España']}
         renderer = AsciiJSONRenderer()
         content = renderer.render(obj, 'application/json')
-        self.assertEqual(content, b'{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","Espa\\u00f1a"]}')
+        self.assertEqual(content, '{"countries":["United Kingdom","France","Espa\\u00f1a"]}'.encode())
 
 
 # Tests for caching issue, #346

tests/test_request.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Tests for content parsing, and form-overloaded content parsing.
 """
 import copy
 import os.path
+import sys
 import tempfile
 
 import pytest
@@ -374,5 +375,9 @@ class TestDeepcopy(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestTyping(TestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_request_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert Request is Request["foo"]

tests/test_response.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import sys
+
+import pytest
 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
 from django.urls import include, path, re_path
 
@@ -267,7 +270,7 @@ class Issue807Tests(TestCase):
         """
         headers = {"HTTP_ACCEPT": RendererC.media_type}
         resp = self.client.get('/', **headers)
-        expected = f"{RendererC.media_type}; charset={RendererC.charset}"
+        expected = "{}; charset={}".format(RendererC.media_type, RendererC.charset)
         self.assertEqual(expected, resp['Content-Type'])
 
     def test_content_type_set_explicitly_on_response(self):
@@ -286,5 +289,9 @@ class Issue807Tests(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestTyping(TestCase):
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_response_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert Response is Response["foo"]

tests/test_routers.py

@@ -447,9 +447,9 @@ class TestDynamicListAndDetailRouter(TestCase):
             url_path = endpoint.url_path
 
             if method_name.startswith('list_'):
-                assert route.url == f'^{{prefix}}/{url_path}{{trailing_slash}}$'
+                assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
             else:
-                assert route.url == f'^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{url_path}{{trailing_slash}}$'
+                assert route.url == '^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(url_path)
             # check method to function mapping
             if method_name.endswith('_post'):
                 method_map = 'post'
@@ -488,14 +488,14 @@ class TestRegexUrlPath(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
 
     def test_regex_url_path_list(self):
         kwarg = '1234'
-        response = self.client.get(f'/regex/list/{kwarg}/')
+        response = self.client.get('/regex/list/{}/'.format(kwarg))
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'kwarg': kwarg}
 
     def test_regex_url_path_detail(self):
         pk = '1'
         kwarg = '1234'
-        response = self.client.get(f'/regex/{pk}/detail/{kwarg}/')
+        response = self.client.get('/regex/{}/detail/{}/'.format(pk, kwarg))
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'pk': pk, 'kwarg': kwarg}
 
@@ -557,14 +557,14 @@ class TestUrlPath(URLPatternsTestCase, TestCase):
 
     def test_list_extra_action(self):
         kwarg = 1234
-        response = self.client.get(f'/path/list/{kwarg}/')
+        response = self.client.get('/path/list/{}/'.format(kwarg))
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'kwarg': kwarg}
 
     def test_detail_extra_action(self):
         pk = '1'
         kwarg = 1234
-        response = self.client.get(f'/path/{pk}/detail/{kwarg}/')
+        response = self.client.get('/path/{}/detail/{}/'.format(pk, kwarg))
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert json.loads(response.content.decode()) == {'pk': pk, 'kwarg': kwarg}
 

tests/test_serializer.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import inspect
 import pickle
 import re
+import sys
 from collections import ChainMap
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 
@@ -204,6 +205,10 @@ class TestSerializer:
                 exceptions.ErrorDetail(string='Raised error', code='invalid')
             ]}
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_serializer_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert serializers.Serializer is serializers.Serializer["foo"]
 
@@ -738,6 +743,10 @@ class TestDeclaredFieldInheritance:
 
 
 class Test8301Regression:
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 9),
+        reason="dictionary union operator requires Python 3.9 or higher",
+    )
     def test_ReturnDict_merging(self):
         # Serializer.data returns ReturnDict, this is essentially a test for that.
 

tests/test_serializer_lists.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import sys
+
 import pytest
 from django.http import QueryDict
 from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
@@ -58,6 +60,10 @@ class TestListSerializer:
         assert serializer.is_valid()
         assert serializer.validated_data == expected_output
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 7),
+        reason="subscriptable classes requires Python 3.7 or higher",
+    )
     def test_list_serializer_is_subscriptable(self):
         assert serializers.ListSerializer is serializers.ListSerializer["foo"]
 

tests/test_validation.py

@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ class TestMaxValueValidatorValidation(TestCase):
 
     def test_max_value_validation_success(self):
         obj = ValidationMaxValueValidatorModel.objects.create(number_value=100)
-        request = factory.patch(f'/{obj.pk}', {'number_value': 98}, format='json')
+        request = factory.patch('/{}'.format(obj.pk), {'number_value': 98}, format='json')
         view = UpdateMaxValueValidationModel().as_view()
         response = view(request, pk=obj.pk).render()
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
 
     def test_max_value_validation_fail(self):
         obj = ValidationMaxValueValidatorModel.objects.create(number_value=100)
-        request = factory.patch(f'/{obj.pk}', {'number_value': 101}, format='json')
+        request = factory.patch('/{}'.format(obj.pk), {'number_value': 101}, format='json')
         view = UpdateMaxValueValidationModel().as_view()
         response = view(request, pk=obj.pk).render()
         assert response.content == b'{"number_value":["Ensure this value is less than or equal to 100."]}'

tox.ini

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ deps =
         django42: Django>=4.2,<5.0
         django50: Django>=5.0,<5.1
         django51: Django>=5.1,<5.2
-        django52: Django>=5.2,<6.0
+        django52: Django>=5.2b1,<6.0
         djangomain: https://github.com/django/django/archive/main.tar.gz
         -rrequirements/requirements-testing.txt
         -rrequirements/requirements-optionals.txt