import re from collections import OrderedDict from importlib import import_module from django.conf import settings from django.contrib.admindocs.views import simplify_regex from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied from django.db import models from django.http import Http404 from django.utils import six from django.utils.encoding import force_text, smart_text from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ from rest_framework import exceptions, renderers, serializers from rest_framework.compat import ( RegexURLPattern, RegexURLResolver, coreapi, coreschema, uritemplate, urlparse ) from rest_framework.request import clone_request from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.settings import api_settings from rest_framework.utils import formatting from rest_framework.utils.model_meta import _get_pk from rest_framework.views import APIView header_regex = re.compile('^[a-zA-Z][0-9A-Za-z_]*:') def field_to_schema(field): title = force_text(field.label) if field.label else '' description = force_text(field.help_text) if field.help_text else '' if isinstance(field, serializers.ListSerializer): child_schema = field_to_schema(field.child) return coreschema.Array( items=child_schema, title=title, description=description ) elif isinstance(field, serializers.Serializer): return coreschema.Object( properties=OrderedDict([ (key, field_to_schema(value)) for key, value in field.fields.items() ]), title=title, description=description ) elif isinstance(field, serializers.ManyRelatedField): return coreschema.Array( items=coreschema.String(), title=title, description=description ) elif isinstance(field, serializers.RelatedField): return coreschema.String(title=title, description=description) elif isinstance(field, serializers.MultipleChoiceField): return coreschema.Array( items=coreschema.Enum(enum=list(field.choices.keys())), title=title, description=description ) elif isinstance(field, serializers.ChoiceField): return coreschema.Enum( enum=list(field.choices.keys()), title=title, description=description ) elif isinstance(field, serializers.BooleanField): return coreschema.Boolean(title=title, description=description) elif isinstance(field, (serializers.DecimalField, serializers.FloatField)): return coreschema.Number(title=title, description=description) elif isinstance(field, serializers.IntegerField): return coreschema.Integer(title=title, description=description) if field.style.get('base_template') == 'textarea.html': return coreschema.String( title=title, description=description, format='textarea' ) return coreschema.String(title=title, description=description) def common_path(paths): split_paths = [path.strip('/').split('/') for path in paths] s1 = min(split_paths) s2 = max(split_paths) common = s1 for i, c in enumerate(s1): if c != s2[i]: common = s1[:i] break return '/' + '/'.join(common) def get_pk_name(model): meta = model._meta.concrete_model._meta return _get_pk(meta).name def is_api_view(callback): """ Return `True` if the given view callback is a REST framework view/viewset. """ cls = getattr(callback, 'cls', None) return (cls is not None) and issubclass(cls, APIView) def insert_into(target, keys, value): """ Nested dictionary insertion. >>> example = {} >>> insert_into(example, ['a', 'b', 'c'], 123) >>> example {'a': {'b': {'c': 123}}} """ for key in keys[:-1]: if key not in target: target[key] = {} target = target[key] target[keys[-1]] = value def is_custom_action(action): return action not in set([ 'retrieve', 'list', 'create', 'update', 'partial_update', 'destroy' ]) def is_list_view(path, method, view): """ Return True if the given path/method appears to represent a list view. """ if hasattr(view, 'action'): # Viewsets have an explicitly defined action, which we can inspect. return view.action == 'list' if method.lower() != 'get': return False path_components = path.strip('/').split('/') if path_components and '{' in path_components[-1]: return False return True def endpoint_ordering(endpoint): path, method, callback = endpoint method_priority = { 'GET': 0, 'POST': 1, 'PUT': 2, 'PATCH': 3, 'DELETE': 4 }.get(method, 5) return (path, method_priority) def get_pk_description(model, model_field): if isinstance(model_field, models.AutoField): value_type = _('unique integer value') elif isinstance(model_field, models.UUIDField): value_type = _('UUID string') else: value_type = _('unique value') return _('A {value_type} identifying this {name}.').format( value_type=value_type, name=model._meta.verbose_name, ) class EndpointInspector(object): """ A class to determine the available API endpoints that a project exposes. """ def __init__(self, patterns=None, urlconf=None): if patterns is None: if urlconf is None: # Use the default Django URL conf urlconf = settings.ROOT_URLCONF # Load the given URLconf module if isinstance(urlconf, six.string_types): urls = import_module(urlconf) else: urls = urlconf patterns = urls.urlpatterns self.patterns = patterns def get_api_endpoints(self, patterns=None, prefix=''): """ Return a list of all available API endpoints by inspecting the URL conf. """ if patterns is None: patterns = self.patterns api_endpoints = [] for pattern in patterns: path_regex = prefix + pattern.regex.pattern if isinstance(pattern, RegexURLPattern): path = self.get_path_from_regex(path_regex) callback = pattern.callback if self.should_include_endpoint(path, callback): for method in self.get_allowed_methods(callback): endpoint = (path, method, callback) api_endpoints.append(endpoint) elif isinstance(pattern, RegexURLResolver): nested_endpoints = self.get_api_endpoints( patterns=pattern.url_patterns, prefix=path_regex ) api_endpoints.extend(nested_endpoints) api_endpoints = sorted(api_endpoints, key=endpoint_ordering) return api_endpoints def get_path_from_regex(self, path_regex): """ Given a URL conf regex, return a URI template string. """ path = simplify_regex(path_regex) path = path.replace('<', '{').replace('>', '}') return path def should_include_endpoint(self, path, callback): """ Return `True` if the given endpoint should be included. """ if not is_api_view(callback): return False # Ignore anything except REST framework views. if path.endswith('.{format}') or path.endswith('.{format}/'): return False # Ignore .json style URLs. return True def get_allowed_methods(self, callback): """ Return a list of the valid HTTP methods for this endpoint. """ if hasattr(callback, 'actions'): return [method.upper() for method in callback.actions.keys()] return [ method for method in callback.cls().allowed_methods if method not in ('OPTIONS', 'HEAD') ] class SchemaGenerator(object): # Map HTTP methods onto actions. default_mapping = { 'get': 'retrieve', 'post': 'create', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update', 'delete': 'destroy', } endpoint_inspector_cls = EndpointInspector # Map the method names we use for viewset actions onto external schema names. # These give us names that are more suitable for the external representation. # Set by 'SCHEMA_COERCE_METHOD_NAMES'. coerce_method_names = None # 'pk' isn't great as an externally exposed name for an identifier, # so by default we prefer to use the actual model field name for schemas. # Set by 'SCHEMA_COERCE_PATH_PK'. coerce_path_pk = None def __init__(self, title=None, url=None, description=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None): assert coreapi, '`coreapi` must be installed for schema support.' assert coreschema, '`coreschema` must be installed for schema support.' if url and not url.endswith('/'): url += '/' self.coerce_method_names = api_settings.SCHEMA_COERCE_METHOD_NAMES self.coerce_path_pk = api_settings.SCHEMA_COERCE_PATH_PK self.patterns = patterns self.urlconf = urlconf self.title = title self.description = description self.url = url self.endpoints = None def get_schema(self, request=None, public=False): """ Generate a `coreapi.Document` representing the API schema. """ if self.endpoints is None: inspector = self.endpoint_inspector_cls(self.patterns, self.urlconf) self.endpoints = inspector.get_api_endpoints() links = self.get_links(None if public else request) if not links: return None url = self.url if not url and request is not None: url = request.build_absolute_uri() return coreapi.Document( title=self.title, description=self.description, url=url, content=links ) def get_links(self, request=None): """ Return a dictionary containing all the links that should be included in the API schema. """ links = OrderedDict() # Generate (path, method, view) given (path, method, callback). paths = [] view_endpoints = [] for path, method, callback in self.endpoints: view = self.create_view(callback, method, request) if getattr(view, 'exclude_from_schema', False): continue path = self.coerce_path(path, method, view) paths.append(path) view_endpoints.append((path, method, view)) # Only generate the path prefix for paths that will be included if not paths: return None prefix = self.determine_path_prefix(paths) for path, method, view in view_endpoints: if not self.has_view_permissions(path, method, view): continue link = self.get_link(path, method, view) subpath = path[len(prefix):] keys = self.get_keys(subpath, method, view) insert_into(links, keys, link) return links # Methods used when we generate a view instance from the raw callback... def determine_path_prefix(self, paths): """ Given a list of all paths, return the common prefix which should be discounted when generating a schema structure. This will be the longest common string that does not include that last component of the URL, or the last component before a path parameter. For example: /api/v1/users/ /api/v1/users/{pk}/ The path prefix is '/api/v1/' """ prefixes = [] for path in paths: components = path.strip('/').split('/') initial_components = [] for component in components: if '{' in component: break initial_components.append(component) prefix = '/'.join(initial_components[:-1]) if not prefix: # We can just break early in the case that there's at least # one URL that doesn't have a path prefix. return '/' prefixes.append('/' + prefix + '/') return common_path(prefixes) def create_view(self, callback, method, request=None): """ Given a callback, return an actual view instance. """ view = callback.cls() for attr, val in getattr(callback, 'initkwargs', {}).items(): setattr(view, attr, val) view.args = () view.kwargs = {} view.format_kwarg = None view.request = None view.action_map = getattr(callback, 'actions', None) actions = getattr(callback, 'actions', None) if actions is not None: if method == 'OPTIONS': view.action = 'metadata' else: view.action = actions.get(method.lower()) if request is not None: view.request = clone_request(request, method) return view def has_view_permissions(self, path, method, view): """ Return `True` if the incoming request has the correct view permissions. """ if view.request is None: return True try: view.check_permissions(view.request) except (exceptions.APIException, Http404, PermissionDenied): return False return True def coerce_path(self, path, method, view): """ Coerce {pk} path arguments into the name of the model field, where possible. This is cleaner for an external representation. (Ie. "this is an identifier", not "this is a database primary key") """ if not self.coerce_path_pk or '{pk}' not in path: return path model = getattr(getattr(view, 'queryset', None), 'model', None) if model: field_name = get_pk_name(model) else: field_name = 'id' return path.replace('{pk}', '{%s}' % field_name) # Methods for generating each individual `Link` instance... def get_link(self, path, method, view): """ Return a `coreapi.Link` instance for the given endpoint. """ fields = self.get_path_fields(path, method, view) fields += self.get_serializer_fields(path, method, view) fields += self.get_pagination_fields(path, method, view) fields += self.get_filter_fields(path, method, view) if fields and any([field.location in ('form', 'body') for field in fields]): encoding = self.get_encoding(path, method, view) else: encoding = None description = self.get_description(path, method, view) if self.url and path.startswith('/'): path = path[1:] return coreapi.Link( url=urlparse.urljoin(self.url, path), action=method.lower(), encoding=encoding, fields=fields, description=description ) def get_description(self, path, method, view): """ Determine a link description. This will be based on the method docstring if one exists, or else the class docstring. """ method_name = getattr(view, 'action', method.lower()) method_docstring = getattr(view, method_name, None).__doc__ if method_docstring: # An explicit docstring on the method or action. return formatting.dedent(smart_text(method_docstring)) description = view.get_view_description() lines = [line.strip() for line in description.splitlines()] current_section = '' sections = {'': ''} for line in lines: if header_regex.match(line): current_section, seperator, lead = line.partition(':') sections[current_section] = lead.strip() else: sections[current_section] += '\n' + line header = getattr(view, 'action', method.lower()) if header in sections: return sections[header].strip() if header in self.coerce_method_names: if self.coerce_method_names[header] in sections: return sections[self.coerce_method_names[header]].strip() return sections[''].strip() def get_encoding(self, path, method, view): """ Return the 'encoding' parameter to use for a given endpoint. """ # Core API supports the following request encodings over HTTP... supported_media_types = set(( 'application/json', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'multipart/form-data', )) parser_classes = getattr(view, 'parser_classes', []) for parser_class in parser_classes: media_type = getattr(parser_class, 'media_type', None) if media_type in supported_media_types: return media_type # Raw binary uploads are supported with "application/octet-stream" if media_type == '*/*': return 'application/octet-stream' return None def get_path_fields(self, path, method, view): """ Return a list of `coreapi.Field` instances corresponding to any templated path variables. """ model = getattr(getattr(view, 'queryset', None), 'model', None) fields = [] for variable in uritemplate.variables(path): title = '' description = '' schema_cls = coreschema.String if model is not None: # Attempt to infer a field description if possible. try: model_field = model._meta.get_field(variable) except: pass if model_field is not None and model_field.verbose_name: title = force_text(model_field.verbose_name) if model_field is not None and model_field.help_text: description = force_text(model_field.help_text) elif model_field is not None and model_field.primary_key: description = get_pk_description(model, model_field) if isinstance(model_field, models.AutoField): schema_cls = coreschema.Integer field = coreapi.Field( name=variable, location='path', required=True, schema=schema_cls(title=title, description=description) ) fields.append(field) return fields def get_serializer_fields(self, path, method, view): """ Return a list of `coreapi.Field` instances corresponding to any request body input, as determined by the serializer class. """ if method not in ('PUT', 'PATCH', 'POST'): return [] if not hasattr(view, 'get_serializer'): return [] serializer = view.get_serializer() if isinstance(serializer, serializers.ListSerializer): return [ coreapi.Field( name='data', location='body', required=True, schema=coreschema.Array() ) ] if not isinstance(serializer, serializers.Serializer): return [] fields = [] for field in serializer.fields.values(): if field.read_only or isinstance(field, serializers.HiddenField): continue required = field.required and method != 'PATCH' field = coreapi.Field( name=field.field_name, location='form', required=required, schema=field_to_schema(field) ) fields.append(field) return fields def get_pagination_fields(self, path, method, view): if not is_list_view(path, method, view): return [] if not getattr(view, 'pagination_class', None): return [] paginator = view.pagination_class() return paginator.get_schema_fields(view) def get_filter_fields(self, path, method, view): if not is_list_view(path, method, view): return [] if not getattr(view, 'filter_backends', None): return [] fields = [] for filter_backend in view.filter_backends: fields += filter_backend().get_schema_fields(view) return fields # Method for generating the link layout.... def get_keys(self, subpath, method, view): """ Return a list of keys that should be used to layout a link within the schema document. /users/ ("users", "list"), ("users", "create") /users/{pk}/ ("users", "read"), ("users", "update"), ("users", "delete") /users/enabled/ ("users", "enabled") # custom viewset list action /users/{pk}/star/ ("users", "star") # custom viewset detail action /users/{pk}/groups/ ("users", "groups", "list"), ("users", "groups", "create") /users/{pk}/groups/{pk}/ ("users", "groups", "read"), ("users", "groups", "update"), ("users", "groups", "delete") """ if hasattr(view, 'action'): # Viewsets have explicitly named actions. action = view.action else: # Views have no associated action, so we determine one from the method. if is_list_view(subpath, method, view): action = 'list' else: action = self.default_mapping[method.lower()] named_path_components = [ component for component in subpath.strip('/').split('/') if '{' not in component ] if is_custom_action(action): # Custom action, eg "/users/{pk}/activate/", "/users/active/" if len(view.action_map) > 1: action = self.default_mapping[method.lower()] if action in self.coerce_method_names: action = self.coerce_method_names[action] return named_path_components + [action] else: return named_path_components[:-1] + [action] if action in self.coerce_method_names: action = self.coerce_method_names[action] # Default action, eg "/users/", "/users/{pk}/" return named_path_components + [action] class SchemaView(APIView): _ignore_model_permissions = True exclude_from_schema = True renderer_classes = None schema_generator = None public = False def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(SchemaView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) if self.renderer_classes is None: if renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer in api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES: self.renderer_classes = [ renderers.CoreJSONRenderer, renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer, ] else: self.renderer_classes = [renderers.CoreJSONRenderer] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): schema = self.schema_generator.get_schema(request, self.public) if schema is None: raise exceptions.PermissionDenied() return Response(schema) def get_schema_view(title=None, url=None, description=None, urlconf=None, renderer_classes=None, public=False): """ Return a schema view. """ generator = SchemaGenerator(title=title, url=url, description=description, urlconf=urlconf) return SchemaView.as_view( renderer_classes=renderer_classes, schema_generator=generator, public=public, )