from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.http import HttpResponse from django.test import Client, TestCase from django.utils import unittest from rest_framework import HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING from rest_framework import exceptions from rest_framework import permissions from rest_framework import renderers from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import status from rest_framework.authentication import ( BaseAuthentication, TokenAuthentication, BasicAuthentication, SessionAuthentication, OAuthAuthentication, OAuth2Authentication ) from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url, include from rest_framework.compat import oauth2_provider, oauth2_provider_models, oauth2_provider_scope from rest_framework.compat import oauth, oauth_provider from rest_framework.tests.utils import RequestFactory from rest_framework.views import APIView import json import base64 import time import datetime factory = RequestFactory() class MockView(APIView): permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,) def get(self, request): return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}) def post(self, request): return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}) def put(self, request): return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}) urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^session/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[SessionAuthentication])), (r'^basic/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[BasicAuthentication])), (r'^token/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[TokenAuthentication])), (r'^auth-token/$', 'rest_framework.authtoken.views.obtain_auth_token'), (r'^oauth/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication])), (r'^oauth-with-scope/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication], permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope])) ) if oauth2_provider is not None: urlpatterns += patterns('', url(r'^oauth2/', include('provider.oauth2.urls', namespace='oauth2')), url(r'^oauth2-test/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication])), url(r'^oauth2-with-scope-test/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication], permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope])), ) class BasicAuthTests(TestCase): """Basic authentication""" urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication' def setUp(self): self.csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) self.username = 'john' self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com' self.password = 'password' self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password) def test_post_form_passing_basic_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing json over basic auth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF""" credentials = ('%s:%s' % (self.username, self.password)) base64_credentials = base64.b64encode(credentials.encode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING)).decode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING) auth = 'Basic %s' % base64_credentials response = self.csrf_client.post('/basic/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) def test_post_json_passing_basic_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over basic auth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF""" credentials = ('%s:%s' % (self.username, self.password)) base64_credentials = base64.b64encode(credentials.encode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING)).decode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING) auth = 'Basic %s' % base64_credentials response = self.csrf_client.post('/basic/', json.dumps({'example': 'example'}), 'application/json', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) def test_post_form_failing_basic_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over basic auth without correct credentials fails""" response = self.csrf_client.post('/basic/', {'example': 'example'}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED) def test_post_json_failing_basic_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing json over basic auth without correct credentials fails""" response = self.csrf_client.post('/basic/', json.dumps({'example': 'example'}), 'application/json') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED) self.assertEqual(response['WWW-Authenticate'], 'Basic realm="api"') class SessionAuthTests(TestCase): """User session authentication""" urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication' def setUp(self): self.csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) self.non_csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=False) self.username = 'john' self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com' self.password = 'password' self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password) def tearDown(self): self.csrf_client.logout() def test_post_form_session_auth_failing_csrf(self): """ Ensure POSTing form over session authentication without CSRF token fails. """ self.csrf_client.login(username=self.username, password=self.password) response = self.csrf_client.post('/session/', {'example': 'example'}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN) def test_post_form_session_auth_passing(self): """ Ensure POSTing form over session authentication with logged in user and CSRF token passes. """ self.non_csrf_client.login(username=self.username, password=self.password) response = self.non_csrf_client.post('/session/', {'example': 'example'}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) def test_put_form_session_auth_passing(self): """ Ensure PUTting form over session authentication with logged in user and CSRF token passes. """ self.non_csrf_client.login(username=self.username, password=self.password) response = self.non_csrf_client.put('/session/', {'example': 'example'}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) def test_post_form_session_auth_failing(self): """ Ensure POSTing form over session authentication without logged in user fails. """ response = self.csrf_client.post('/session/', {'example': 'example'}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN) class TokenAuthTests(TestCase): """Token authentication""" urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication' def setUp(self): self.csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) self.username = 'john' self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com' self.password = 'password' self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password) self.key = 'abcd1234' self.token = Token.objects.create(key=self.key, user=self.user) def test_post_form_passing_token_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing json over token auth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF""" auth = 'Token ' + self.key response = self.csrf_client.post('/token/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) def test_post_json_passing_token_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over token auth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF""" auth = "Token " + self.key response = self.csrf_client.post('/token/', json.dumps({'example': 'example'}), 'application/json', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) def test_post_form_failing_token_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over token auth without correct credentials fails""" response = self.csrf_client.post('/token/', {'example': 'example'}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED) def test_post_json_failing_token_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing json over token auth without correct credentials fails""" response = self.csrf_client.post('/token/', json.dumps({'example': 'example'}), 'application/json') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED) def test_token_has_auto_assigned_key_if_none_provided(self): """Ensure creating a token with no key will auto-assign a key""" self.token.delete() token = Token.objects.create(user=self.user) self.assertTrue(bool(token.key)) def test_token_login_json(self): """Ensure token login view using JSON POST works.""" client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) response = client.post('/auth-token/', json.dumps({'username': self.username, 'password': self.password}), 'application/json') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content.decode('ascii'))['token'], self.key) def test_token_login_json_bad_creds(self): """Ensure token login view using JSON POST fails if bad credentials are used.""" client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) response = client.post('/auth-token/', json.dumps({'username': self.username, 'password': "badpass"}), 'application/json') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400) def test_token_login_json_missing_fields(self): """Ensure token login view using JSON POST fails if missing fields.""" client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) response = client.post('/auth-token/', json.dumps({'username': self.username}), 'application/json') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 400) def test_token_login_form(self): """Ensure token login view using form POST works.""" client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) response = client.post('/auth-token/', {'username': self.username, 'password': self.password}) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK) self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content.decode('ascii'))['token'], self.key) class IncorrectCredentialsTests(TestCase): def test_incorrect_credentials(self): """ If a request contains bad authentication credentials, then authentication should run and error, even if no permissions are set on the view. """ class IncorrectCredentialsAuth(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('Bad credentials') request = factory.get('/') view = MockView.as_view( authentication_classes=(IncorrectCredentialsAuth,), permission_classes=() ) response = view(request) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN) self.assertEqual(response.data, {'detail': 'Bad credentials'}) class OAuthTests(TestCase): """OAuth 1.0a authentication""" urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication' def setUp(self): # these imports are here because oauth is optional and hiding them in try..except block or compat # could obscure problems if something breaks from oauth_provider.models import Consumer, Resource from oauth_provider.models import Token as OAuthToken from oauth_provider import consts self.consts = consts self.csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) self.username = 'john' self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com' self.password = 'password' self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password) self.CONSUMER_KEY = 'consumer_key' self.CONSUMER_SECRET = 'consumer_secret' self.TOKEN_KEY = "token_key" self.TOKEN_SECRET = "token_secret" self.consumer = Consumer.objects.create(key=self.CONSUMER_KEY, secret=self.CONSUMER_SECRET, name='example', user=self.user, status=self.consts.ACCEPTED) self.resource = Resource.objects.create(name="resource name", url="api/") self.token = OAuthToken.objects.create(user=self.user, consumer=self.consumer, resource=self.resource, token_type=OAuthToken.ACCESS, key=self.TOKEN_KEY, secret=self.TOKEN_SECRET, is_approved=True ) def _create_authorization_header(self): params = { 'oauth_version': "1.0", 'oauth_nonce': oauth.generate_nonce(), 'oauth_timestamp': int(time.time()), 'oauth_token': self.token.key, 'oauth_consumer_key': self.consumer.key } req = oauth.Request(method="GET", url="http://example.com", parameters=params) signature_method = oauth.SignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT() req.sign_request(signature_method, self.consumer, self.token) return req.to_header()["Authorization"] def _create_authorization_url_parameters(self): params = { 'oauth_version': "1.0", 'oauth_nonce': oauth.generate_nonce(), 'oauth_timestamp': int(time.time()), 'oauth_token': self.token.key, 'oauth_consumer_key': self.consumer.key } req = oauth.Request(method="GET", url="http://example.com", parameters=params) signature_method = oauth.SignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT() req.sign_request(signature_method, self.consumer, self.token) return dict(req) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_passing_oauth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over OAuth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF""" auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_repeated_nonce_failing_oauth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over OAuth with repeated auth (same nonces and timestamp) credentials fails""" auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) # simulate reply attack auth header containes already used (nonce, timestamp) pair response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_token_removed_failing_oauth(self): """Ensure POSTing when there is no OAuth access token in db fails""" self.token.delete() auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_consumer_status_not_accepted_failing_oauth(self): """Ensure POSTing when consumer status is anything other than ACCEPTED fails""" for consumer_status in (self.consts.CANCELED, self.consts.PENDING, self.consts.REJECTED): self.consumer.status = consumer_status self.consumer.save() auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_with_request_token_failing_oauth(self): """Ensure POSTing with unauthorized request token instead of access token fails""" self.token.token_type = self.token.REQUEST self.token.save() auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_with_urlencoded_parameters(self): """Ensure POSTing with x-www-form-urlencoded auth parameters passes""" params = self._create_authorization_url_parameters() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', params) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_get_form_with_url_parameters(self): """Ensure GETing with auth in url parameters passes""" params = self._create_authorization_url_parameters() response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth/', params) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_hmac_sha1_signature_passes(self): """Ensure POSTing using HMAC_SHA1 signature method passes""" params = { 'oauth_version': "1.0", 'oauth_nonce': oauth.generate_nonce(), 'oauth_timestamp': int(time.time()), 'oauth_token': self.token.key, 'oauth_consumer_key': self.consumer.key } req = oauth.Request(method="POST", url="http://testserver/oauth/", parameters=params) signature_method = oauth.SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() req.sign_request(signature_method, self.consumer, self.token) auth = req.to_header()["Authorization"] response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_get_form_with_readonly_resource_passing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with a readonly resource instead of a write scope fails""" read_only_access_token = self.token read_only_access_token.resource.is_readonly = True read_only_access_token.resource.save() params = self._create_authorization_url_parameters() response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth-with-scope/', params) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_with_readonly_resource_failing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with a readonly resource instead of a write scope fails""" read_only_access_token = self.token read_only_access_token.resource.is_readonly = True read_only_access_token.resource.save() params = self._create_authorization_url_parameters() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth-with-scope/', params) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth_provider, 'django-oauth-plus not installed') @unittest.skipUnless(oauth, 'oauth2 not installed') def test_post_form_with_write_resource_passing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with a write resource succeed""" read_write_access_token = self.token read_write_access_token.resource.is_readonly = False read_write_access_token.resource.save() params = self._create_authorization_url_parameters() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth-with-scope/', params) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) class OAuth2Tests(TestCase): """OAuth 2.0 authentication""" urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication' def setUp(self): self.csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) self.username = 'john' self.email = 'lennon@thebeatles.com' self.password = 'password' self.user = User.objects.create_user(self.username, self.email, self.password) self.CLIENT_ID = 'client_key' self.CLIENT_SECRET = 'client_secret' self.ACCESS_TOKEN = "access_token" self.REFRESH_TOKEN = "refresh_token" self.oauth2_client = oauth2_provider_models.Client.objects.create( client_id=self.CLIENT_ID, client_secret=self.CLIENT_SECRET, redirect_uri='', client_type=0, name='example', user=None, ) self.access_token = oauth2_provider_models.AccessToken.objects.create( token=self.ACCESS_TOKEN, client=self.oauth2_client, user=self.user, ) self.refresh_token = oauth2_provider_models.RefreshToken.objects.create( user=self.user, access_token=self.access_token, client=self.oauth2_client ) def _create_authorization_header(self, token=None): return "Bearer {0}".format(token or self.access_token.token) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_get_form_with_wrong_authorization_header_token_type_failing(self): """Ensure that a wrong token type lead to the correct HTTP error status code""" auth = "Wrong token-type-obsviously" response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', {}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401) response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_get_form_with_wrong_authorization_header_token_format_failing(self): """Ensure that a wrong token format lead to the correct HTTP error status code""" auth = "Bearer wrong token format" response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', {}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401) response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_get_form_with_wrong_authorization_header_token_failing(self): """Ensure that a wrong token lead to the correct HTTP error status code""" auth = "Bearer wrong-token" response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', {}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401) response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_get_form_passing_auth(self): """Ensure GETing form over OAuth with correct client credentials succeed""" auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_post_form_passing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing form over OAuth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF""" auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_post_form_token_removed_failing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing when there is no OAuth access token in db fails""" self.access_token.delete() auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_post_form_with_refresh_token_failing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with refresh token instead of access token fails""" auth = self._create_authorization_header(token=self.refresh_token.token) response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_post_form_with_expired_access_token_failing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with expired access token fails with an 'Invalid token' error""" self.access_token.expires = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=10) # 10 seconds late self.access_token.save() auth = self._create_authorization_header() response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertIn(response.status_code, (status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)) self.assertIn('Invalid token', response.content) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_post_form_with_invalid_scope_failing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with a readonly scope instead of a write scope fails""" read_only_access_token = self.access_token read_only_access_token.scope = oauth2_provider_scope.SCOPE_NAME_DICT['read'] read_only_access_token.save() auth = self._create_authorization_header(token=read_only_access_token.token) response = self.csrf_client.get('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN) @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed') def test_post_form_with_valid_scope_passing_auth(self): """Ensure POSTing with a write scope succeed""" read_write_access_token = self.access_token read_write_access_token.scope = oauth2_provider_scope.SCOPE_NAME_DICT['write'] read_write_access_token.save() auth = self._create_authorization_header(token=read_write_access_token.token) response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-with-scope-test/', HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth) self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) class FailingAuthAccessedInRenderer(TestCase): def setUp(self): class AuthAccessingRenderer(renderers.BaseRenderer): media_type = 'text/plain' format = 'txt' def render(self, data, media_type=None, renderer_context=None): request = renderer_context['request'] if request.user.is_authenticated(): return b'authenticated' return b'not authenticated' class FailingAuth(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('authentication failed') class ExampleView(APIView): authentication_classes = (FailingAuth,) renderer_classes = (AuthAccessingRenderer,) def get(self, request): return Response({'foo': 'bar'}) self.view = ExampleView.as_view() def test_failing_auth_accessed_in_renderer(self): """ When authentication fails the renderer should still be able to access `request.user` without raising an exception. Particularly relevant to HTML responses that might reasonably access `request.user`. """ request = factory.get('/') response = self.view(request) content = response.render().content self.assertEqual(content, b'not authenticated')