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django-rest-framework/tutorial/3-class-based-views.html
Tom Christie 25f74c45ce Latest build
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<h1 id="tutorial-3-using-class-based-views">Tutorial 3: Using Class Based Views</h1>
<p>We can also write our API views using class based views, rather than function based views. As we'll see this is a powerful pattern that allows us to reuse common functionality, and helps us keep our code <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_repeat_yourself">DRY</a>.</p>
<h2 id="rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class based views</h2>
<p>We'll start by rewriting the root view as a class based view. All this involves is a little bit of refactoring.</p>
<pre><code>from blog.models import Comment
from blog.serializers import ComentSerializer
from django.http import Http404
from djangorestframework.views import APIView
from djangorestframework.response import Response
from djangorestframework.status import status
class CommentRoot(APIView):
"""
List all comments, or create a new comment.
"""
def get(self, request, format=None):
comments = Comment.objects.all()
serializer = ComentSerializer(instance=comments)
return Response(serializer.data)
def post(self, request, format=None)
serializer = ComentSerializer(request.DATA)
if serializer.is_valid():
comment = serializer.object
comment.save()
return Response(serializer.serialized, status=HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.serialized_errors, status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
comment_root = CommentRoot.as_view()
</code></pre>
<p>So far, so good. It looks pretty similar to the previous case, but we've got better seperation between the different HTTP methods. We'll also need to update the instance view. </p>
<pre><code>class CommentInstance(APIView):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a comment instance.
"""
def get_object(self, pk):
try:
return Comment.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Comment.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404
def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
comment = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = CommentSerializer(instance=comment)
return Response(serializer.data)
def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
comment = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = CommentSerializer(request.DATA, instance=comment)
if serializer.is_valid():
comment = serializer.deserialized
comment.save()
return Response(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.error_data, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
comment = self.get_object(pk)
comment.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
comment_instance = CommentInstance.as_view()
</code></pre>
<p>That's looking good. Again, it's still pretty similar to the function based view right now.
Okay, we're done. If you run the development server everything should be working just as before.</p>
<h2 id="using-mixins">Using mixins</h2>
<p>One of the big wins of using class based views is that it allows us to easily compose reusable bits of behaviour.</p>
<p>The create/retrieve/update/delete operations that we've been using so far is going to be pretty simliar for any model-backed API views we create. Those bits of common behaviour are implemented in REST framework's mixin classes.</p>
<p>We can compose those mixin classes, to recreate our existing API behaviour with less code.</p>
<pre><code>from blog.models import Comment
from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer
from djangorestframework import mixins
from djangorestframework import views
class CommentRoot(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
views.MultipleObjectBaseView):
model = Comment
serializer_class = CommentSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class CommentInstance(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
views.SingleObjectBaseView):
model = Comment
serializer_class = CommentSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="reusing-generic-class-based-views">Reusing generic class based views</h2>
<p>That's a lot less code than before, but we can go one step further still. REST framework also provides a set of already mixed-in views.</p>
<pre><code>from blog.models import Comment
from blog.serializers import CommentSerializer
from djangorestframework import views
class CommentRoot(views.RootModelView):
model = Comment
serializer_class = CommentSerializer
class CommentInstance(views.InstanceModelView):
model = Comment
serializer_class = CommentSerializer
</code></pre>
<p>Wow, that's pretty concise. We've got a huge amount for free, and our code looks like
good, clean, idomatic Django.</p>
<p>Next we'll move onto <a href="4-authentication-permissions-and-throttling.html">part 4 of the tutorial</a>, where we'll take a look at how we can customize the behavior of our views to support a range of authentication, permissions, throttling and other aspects.</p>
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