django-rest-framework/rest_framework/request.py

"""
The Request class is used as a wrapper around the standard request object.

The wrapped request then offers a richer API, in particular :

    - content automatically parsed according to `Content-Type` header,
      and available as `request.DATA`
    - full support of PUT method, including support for file uploads
    - form overloading of HTTP method, content type and content
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.conf import settings
from django.http import QueryDict
from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header
from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
from rest_framework import HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.compat import BytesIO
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings


def is_form_media_type(media_type):
    """
    Return True if the media type is a valid form media type.
    """
    base_media_type, params = parse_header(media_type.encode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING))
    return (base_media_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' or
            base_media_type == 'multipart/form-data')


class override_method(object):
    """
    A context manager that temporarily overrides the method on a request,
    additionally setting the `view.request` attribute.

    Usage:

        with override_method(view, request, 'POST') as request:
            ... # Do stuff with `view` and `request`
    """
    def __init__(self, view, request, method):
        self.view = view
        self.request = request
        self.method = method

    def __enter__(self):
        self.view.request = clone_request(self.request, self.method)
        return self.view.request

    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwarg):
        self.view.request = self.request


class Empty(object):
    """
    Placeholder for unset attributes.
    Cannot use `None`, as that may be a valid value.
    """
    pass


def _hasattr(obj, name):
    return not getattr(obj, name) is Empty


def clone_request(request, method):
    """
    Internal helper method to clone a request, replacing with a different
    HTTP method.  Used for checking permissions against other methods.
    """
    ret = Request(request=request._request,
                  parsers=request.parsers,
                  authenticators=request.authenticators,
                  negotiator=request.negotiator,
                  parser_context=request.parser_context)
    ret._data = request._data
    ret._files = request._files
    ret._content_type = request._content_type
    ret._stream = request._stream
    ret._method = method
    if hasattr(request, '_user'):
        ret._user = request._user
    if hasattr(request, '_auth'):
        ret._auth = request._auth
    if hasattr(request, '_authenticator'):
        ret._authenticator = request._authenticator
    return ret


class ForcedAuthentication(object):
    """
    This authentication class is used if the test client or request factory
    forcibly authenticated the request.
    """

    def __init__(self, force_user, force_token):
        self.force_user = force_user
        self.force_token = force_token

    def authenticate(self, request):
        return (self.force_user, self.force_token)


class Request(object):
    """
    Wrapper allowing to enhance a standard `HttpRequest` instance.

    Kwargs:
        - request(HttpRequest). The original request instance.
        - parsers_classes(list/tuple). The parsers to use for parsing the
          request content.
        - authentication_classes(list/tuple). The authentications used to try
          authenticating the request's user.
    """

    _METHOD_PARAM = api_settings.FORM_METHOD_OVERRIDE
    _CONTENT_PARAM = api_settings.FORM_CONTENT_OVERRIDE
    _CONTENTTYPE_PARAM = api_settings.FORM_CONTENTTYPE_OVERRIDE

    def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
                 negotiator=None, parser_context=None):
        self._request = request
        self.parsers = parsers or ()
        self.authenticators = authenticators or ()
        self.negotiator = negotiator or self._default_negotiator()
        self.parser_context = parser_context
        self._data = Empty
        self._files = Empty
        self._method = Empty
        self._content_type = Empty
        self._stream = Empty

        if self.parser_context is None:
            self.parser_context = {}
        self.parser_context['request'] = self
        self.parser_context['encoding'] = request.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET

        force_user = getattr(request, '_force_auth_user', None)
        force_token = getattr(request, '_force_auth_token', None)
        if (force_user is not None or force_token is not None):
            forced_auth = ForcedAuthentication(force_user, force_token)
            self.authenticators = (forced_auth,)

    def _default_negotiator(self):
        return api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS()

    @property
    def method(self):
        """
        Returns the HTTP method.

        This allows the `method` to be overridden by using a hidden `form`
        field on a form POST request.
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_method'):
            self._load_method_and_content_type()
        return self._method

    @property
    def content_type(self):
        """
        Returns the content type header.

        This should be used instead of `request.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE')`,
        as it allows the content type to be overridden by using a hidden form
        field on a form POST request.
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_content_type'):
            self._load_method_and_content_type()
        return self._content_type

    @property
    def stream(self):
        """
        Returns an object that may be used to stream the request content.
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_stream'):
            self._load_stream()
        return self._stream

    @property
    def QUERY_PARAMS(self):
        """
        More semantically correct name for request.GET.
        """
        return self._request.GET

    @property
    def DATA(self):
        """
        Parses the request body and returns the data.

        Similar to usual behaviour of `request.POST`, except that it handles
        arbitrary parsers, and also works on methods other than POST (eg PUT).
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_data'):
            self._load_data_and_files()
        return self._data

    @property
    def FILES(self):
        """
        Parses the request body and returns any files uploaded in the request.

        Similar to usual behaviour of `request.FILES`, except that it handles
        arbitrary parsers, and also works on methods other than POST (eg PUT).
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_files'):
            self._load_data_and_files()
        return self._files

    @property
    def user(self):
        """
        Returns the user associated with the current request, as authenticated
        by the authentication classes provided to the request.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
            self._authenticate()
        return self._user

    @user.setter
    def user(self, value):
        """
        Sets the user on the current request. This is necessary to maintain
        compatibility with django.contrib.auth where the user property is
        set in the login and logout functions.
        """
        self._user = value

    @property
    def auth(self):
        """
        Returns any non-user authentication information associated with the
        request, such as an authentication token.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_auth'):
            self._authenticate()
        return self._auth

    @auth.setter
    def auth(self, value):
        """
        Sets any non-user authentication information associated with the
        request, such as an authentication token.
        """
        self._auth = value

    @property
    def successful_authenticator(self):
        """
        Return the instance of the authentication instance class that was used
        to authenticate the request, or `None`.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_authenticator'):
            self._authenticate()
        return self._authenticator

    def _load_data_and_files(self):
        """
        Parses the request content into self.DATA and self.FILES.
        """
        if not _hasattr(self, '_content_type'):
            self._load_method_and_content_type()

        if not _hasattr(self, '_data'):
            self._data, self._files = self._parse()

    def _load_method_and_content_type(self):
        """
        Sets the method and content_type, and then check if they've
        been overridden.
        """
        self._content_type = self.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE',
                                           self.META.get('CONTENT_TYPE', ''))

        self._perform_form_overloading()

        if not _hasattr(self, '_method'):
            self._method = self._request.method

            # Allow X-HTTP-METHOD-OVERRIDE header
            self._method = self.META.get('HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE',
                                         self._method)

    def _load_stream(self):
        """
        Return the content body of the request, as a stream.
        """
        try:
            content_length = int(self.META.get('CONTENT_LENGTH',
                                    self.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH')))
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            content_length = 0

        if content_length == 0:
            self._stream = None
        elif hasattr(self._request, 'read'):
            self._stream = self._request
        else:
            self._stream = BytesIO(self.raw_post_data)

    def _perform_form_overloading(self):
        """
        If this is a form POST request, then we need to check if the method and
        content/content_type have been overridden by setting them in hidden
        form fields or not.
        """

        USE_FORM_OVERLOADING = (
            self._METHOD_PARAM or
            (self._CONTENT_PARAM and self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM)
        )

        # We only need to use form overloading on form POST requests.
        if (not USE_FORM_OVERLOADING
            or self._request.method != 'POST'
            or not is_form_media_type(self._content_type)):
            return

        # At this point we're committed to parsing the request as form data.
        self._data = self._request.POST
        self._files = self._request.FILES

        # Method overloading - change the method and remove the param from the content.
        if (self._METHOD_PARAM and
            self._METHOD_PARAM in self._data):
            self._method = self._data[self._METHOD_PARAM].upper()

        # Content overloading - modify the content type, and force re-parse.
        if (self._CONTENT_PARAM and
            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM and
            self._CONTENT_PARAM in self._data and
            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM in self._data):
            self._content_type = self._data[self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM]
            self._stream = BytesIO(self._data[self._CONTENT_PARAM].encode(self.parser_context['encoding']))
            self._data, self._files = (Empty, Empty)

    def _parse(self):
        """
        Parse the request content, returning a two-tuple of (data, files)

        May raise an `UnsupportedMediaType`, or `ParseError` exception.
        """
        stream = self.stream
        media_type = self.content_type

        if stream is None or media_type is None:
            empty_data = QueryDict('', self._request._encoding)
            empty_files = MultiValueDict()
            return (empty_data, empty_files)

        parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers)

        if not parser:
            raise exceptions.UnsupportedMediaType(media_type)

        try:
            parsed = parser.parse(stream, media_type, self.parser_context)
        except:
            # If we get an exception during parsing, fill in empty data and
            # re-raise.  Ensures we don't simply repeat the error when
            # attempting to render the browsable renderer response, or when
            # logging the request or similar.
            self._data = QueryDict('', self._request._encoding)
            self._files = MultiValueDict()
            raise

        # Parser classes may return the raw data, or a
        # DataAndFiles object.  Unpack the result as required.
        try:
            return (parsed.data, parsed.files)
        except AttributeError:
            empty_files = MultiValueDict()
            return (parsed, empty_files)

    def _authenticate(self):
        """
        Attempt to authenticate the request using each authentication instance
        in turn.
        Returns a three-tuple of (authenticator, user, authtoken).
        """
        for authenticator in self.authenticators:
            try:
                user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
            except exceptions.APIException:
                self._not_authenticated()
                raise

            if not user_auth_tuple is None:
                self._authenticator = authenticator
                self._user, self._auth = user_auth_tuple
                return

        self._not_authenticated()

    def _not_authenticated(self):
        """
        Return a three-tuple of (authenticator, user, authtoken), representing
        an unauthenticated request.

        By default this will be (None, AnonymousUser, None).
        """
        self._authenticator = None

        if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
            self._user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
        else:
            self._user = None

        if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
            self._auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()
        else:
            self._auth = None

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """
        Proxy other attributes to the underlying HttpRequest object.
        """
        return getattr(self._request, attr)