mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
synced 2025-10-31 07:57:55 +03:00
369 lines
19 KiB
HTML
369 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<title>Tutorial 3: Class Based Views - Django REST framework</title>
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views"/>
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, Tutorial 3: Class Based Views">
|
|
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le styles -->
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
|
|
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
|
|
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
|
|
<![endif]-->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
|
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
|
|
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
|
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
|
|
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
<style>
|
|
span.fusion-wrap a {
|
|
display: block;
|
|
margin-top: 10px;
|
|
color: black;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
a.fusion-poweredby {
|
|
display: block;
|
|
margin-top: 10px;
|
|
}
|
|
@media (max-width: 767px) {
|
|
div.promo {display: none;}
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="3-class-based-views-page">
|
|
|
|
<div class="wrapper">
|
|
|
|
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
|
|
<div class="navbar-inner">
|
|
<div class="container-fluid">
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " href="../tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions">Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i></a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " href="../tutorial/2-requests-and-responses"><i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous</a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#searchModal" data-toggle="modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
|
|
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a class="brand" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Django REST framework</a>
|
|
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
|
|
<ul class="nav">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Home</a></li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart">Quickstart</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/1-serialization">1 - Serialization</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses">2 - Requests and responses</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views">3 - Class based views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions">4 - Authentication and permissions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers">6 - Viewsets and routers</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/requests">Requests</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/responses">Responses</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/views">Views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/generic-views">Generic views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/viewsets">Viewsets</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/routers">Routers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/parsers">Parsers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/renderers">Renderers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/serializers">Serializers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/fields">Serializer fields</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/relations">Serializer relations</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/authentication">Authentication</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/permissions">Permissions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/throttling">Throttling</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/filtering">Filtering</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/pagination">Pagination</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/content-negotiation">Content negotiation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/format-suffixes">Format suffixes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/reverse">Returning URLs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/exceptions">Exceptions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/status-codes">Status codes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/testing">Testing</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/settings">Settings</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/documenting-your-api">Documenting your API</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/ajax-csrf-cors">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/browser-enhancements">Browser enhancements</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/browsable-api">The Browsable API</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/contributing">Contributing to REST framework</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/rest-framework-2-announcement">2.0 Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/2.2-announcement">2.2 Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/2.3-announcement">2.3 Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/kickstarter-announcement">Kickstarter Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/release-notes">Release Notes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/credits">Credits</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<ul class="nav pull-right">
|
|
<!-- TODO
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Version: 2.0.0 <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="#">Trunk</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#">2.0.0</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
-->
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="body-content">
|
|
<div class="container-fluid">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Search Modal -->
|
|
<div id="searchModal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="modal-header">
|
|
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
|
|
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-body">
|
|
<!-- Custom google search -->
|
|
<script>
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var cx = '015016005043623903336:rxraeohqk6w';
|
|
var gcse = document.createElement('script');
|
|
gcse.type = 'text/javascript';
|
|
gcse.async = true;
|
|
gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
|
|
'//www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx=' + cx;
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
|
|
s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
</script>
|
|
<gcse:search></gcse:search>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-footer">
|
|
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="row-fluid">
|
|
|
|
<div class="span3">
|
|
<!-- TODO
|
|
<p style="margin-top: -12px">
|
|
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="width: 60px">« previous</a>
|
|
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="float: right; margin-right: 8px; width: 60px;">next »</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
-->
|
|
<div id="table-of-contents">
|
|
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
|
|
<li class="main"><a href="#tutorial-3-class-based-views">Tutorial 3: Class Based Views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class based views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#using-mixins">Using mixins</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#using-generic-class-based-views">Using generic class based views</a></li>
|
|
|
|
<div class="promo">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
|
|
<h1 id="tutorial-3-class-based-views">Tutorial 3: Class Based Views</h1>
|
|
<p>We can also write our API views using class based views, rather than function based views. As we'll see this is a powerful pattern that allows us to reuse common functionality, and helps us keep our code <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_repeat_yourself">DRY</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class based views</h2>
|
|
<p>We'll start by rewriting the root view as a class based view. All this involves is a little bit of refactoring of <code>views.py</code>.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
|
|
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
|
|
from django.http import Http404
|
|
from rest_framework.views import APIView
|
|
from rest_framework.response import Response
|
|
from rest_framework import status
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SnippetList(APIView):
|
|
"""
|
|
List all snippets, or create a new snippet.
|
|
"""
|
|
def get(self, request, format=None):
|
|
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
|
|
return Response(serializer.data)
|
|
|
|
def post(self, request, format=None):
|
|
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.DATA)
|
|
if serializer.is_valid():
|
|
serializer.save()
|
|
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
|
|
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>So far, so good. It looks pretty similar to the previous case, but we've got better separation between the different HTTP methods. We'll also need to update the instance view in <code>views.py</code>. </p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>class SnippetDetail(APIView):
|
|
"""
|
|
Retrieve, update or delete a snippet instance.
|
|
"""
|
|
def get_object(self, pk):
|
|
try:
|
|
return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
|
|
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
|
|
raise Http404
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
|
|
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
|
|
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
|
|
return Response(serializer.data)
|
|
|
|
def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
|
|
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
|
|
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.DATA)
|
|
if serializer.is_valid():
|
|
serializer.save()
|
|
return Response(serializer.data)
|
|
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
|
|
|
|
def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
|
|
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
|
|
snippet.delete()
|
|
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>That's looking good. Again, it's still pretty similar to the function based view right now.</p>
|
|
<p>We'll also need to refactor our <code>urls.py</code> slightly now we're using class based views.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
|
|
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
|
|
from snippets import views
|
|
|
|
urlpatterns = patterns('',
|
|
url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
|
|
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Okay, we're done. If you run the development server everything should be working just as before.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="using-mixins">Using mixins</h2>
|
|
<p>One of the big wins of using class based views is that it allows us to easily compose reusable bits of behaviour.</p>
|
|
<p>The create/retrieve/update/delete operations that we've been using so far are going to be pretty similar for any model-backed API views we create. Those bits of common behaviour are implemented in REST framework's mixin classes.</p>
|
|
<p>Let's take a look at how we can compose the views by using the mixin classes. Here's our <code>views.py</code> module again.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
|
|
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
|
|
from rest_framework import mixins
|
|
from rest_framework import generics
|
|
|
|
class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
|
|
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
|
|
generics.GenericAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>We'll take a moment to examine exactly what's happening here. We're building our view using <code>GenericAPIView</code>, and adding in <code>ListModelMixin</code> and <code>CreateModelMixin</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>The base class provides the core functionality, and the mixin classes provide the <code>.list()</code> and <code>.create()</code> actions. We're then explicitly binding the <code>get</code> and <code>post</code> methods to the appropriate actions. Simple enough stuff so far.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
|
|
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
|
|
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
|
|
generics.GenericAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Pretty similar. Again we're using the <code>GenericAPIView</code> class to provide the core functionality, and adding in mixins to provide the <code>.retrieve()</code>, <code>.update()</code> and <code>.destroy()</code> actions.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="using-generic-class-based-views">Using generic class based views</h2>
|
|
<p>Using the mixin classes we've rewritten the views to use slightly less code than before, but we can go one step further. REST framework provides a set of already mixed-in generic views that we can use to trim down our <code>views.py</code> module even more.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
|
|
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
|
|
from rest_framework import generics
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Wow, that's pretty concise. We've gotten a huge amount for free, and our code looks like good, clean, idiomatic Django.</p>
|
|
<p>Next we'll move onto <a href="4-authentication-and-permissions">part 4 of the tutorial</a>, where we'll take a look at how we can deal with authentication and permissions for our API.</p>
|
|
</div><!--/span-->
|
|
</div><!--/row-->
|
|
</div><!--/.fluid-container-->
|
|
</div><!--/.body content-->
|
|
|
|
<div id="push"></div>
|
|
</div><!--/.wrapper -->
|
|
|
|
<footer class="span12">
|
|
<p>Sponsored by <a href="http://dabapps.com/">DabApps</a>.</a></p>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le javascript
|
|
================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
|
|
<script src="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
//$('.side-nav').scrollspy()
|
|
var shiftWindow = function() { scrollBy(0, -50) };
|
|
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
|
|
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
|
|
|
|
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
|
|
event.stopPropagation();
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Dynamically force sidenav to no higher than browser window
|
|
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
|
|
|
|
$(function(){
|
|
$(window).resize(function(){
|
|
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
</body></html>
|