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<a href="#rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class-based views</a>
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<h1 id="tutorial-3-class-based-views"><a class="toclink" href="#tutorial-3-class-based-views">Tutorial 3: Class-based Views</a></h1>
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<p>We can also write our API views using class-based views, rather than function based views. As we'll see this is a powerful pattern that allows us to reuse common functionality, and helps us keep our code <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_repeat_yourself">DRY</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views"><a class="toclink" href="#rewriting-our-api-using-class-based-views">Rewriting our API using class-based views</a></h2>
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<p>We'll start by rewriting the root view as a class-based view. All this involves is a little bit of refactoring of <code>views.py</code>.</p>
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<pre><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
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from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
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from django.http import Http404
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from rest_framework.views import APIView
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from rest_framework.response import Response
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from rest_framework import status
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class SnippetList(APIView):
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"""
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List all snippets, or create a new snippet.
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"""
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def get(self, request, format=None):
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snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
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serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
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return Response(serializer.data)
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def post(self, request, format=None):
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serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data)
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if serializer.is_valid():
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serializer.save()
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return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
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return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
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</code></pre>
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<p>So far, so good. It looks pretty similar to the previous case, but we've got better separation between the different HTTP methods. We'll also need to update the instance view in <code>views.py</code>.</p>
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<pre><code>class SnippetDetail(APIView):
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"""
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Retrieve, update or delete a snippet instance.
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"""
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def get_object(self, pk):
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try:
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return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
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except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
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raise Http404
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def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
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snippet = self.get_object(pk)
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serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
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return Response(serializer.data)
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def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
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snippet = self.get_object(pk)
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serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data)
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if serializer.is_valid():
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serializer.save()
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return Response(serializer.data)
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return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
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def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
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snippet = self.get_object(pk)
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snippet.delete()
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return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
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</code></pre>
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<p>That's looking good. Again, it's still pretty similar to the function based view right now.</p>
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<p>We'll also need to refactor our <code>snippets/urls.py</code> slightly now that we're using class-based views.</p>
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<pre><code>from django.urls import path
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from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
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from snippets import views
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urlpatterns = [
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path('snippets/', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
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path('snippets/<int:pk>/', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
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]
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urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
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</code></pre>
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<p>Okay, we're done. If you run the development server everything should be working just as before.</p>
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<h2 id="using-mixins"><a class="toclink" href="#using-mixins">Using mixins</a></h2>
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<p>One of the big wins of using class-based views is that it allows us to easily compose reusable bits of behaviour.</p>
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<p>The create/retrieve/update/delete operations that we've been using so far are going to be pretty similar for any model-backed API views we create. Those bits of common behaviour are implemented in REST framework's mixin classes.</p>
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<p>Let's take a look at how we can compose the views by using the mixin classes. Here's our <code>views.py</code> module again.</p>
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<pre><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
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from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
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from rest_framework import mixins
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from rest_framework import generics
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class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
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mixins.CreateModelMixin,
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generics.GenericAPIView):
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queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
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def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
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return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
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</code></pre>
|
|
<p>We'll take a moment to examine exactly what's happening here. We're building our view using <code>GenericAPIView</code>, and adding in <code>ListModelMixin</code> and <code>CreateModelMixin</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>The base class provides the core functionality, and the mixin classes provide the <code>.list()</code> and <code>.create()</code> actions. We're then explicitly binding the <code>get</code> and <code>post</code> methods to the appropriate actions. Simple enough stuff so far.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
|
|
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
|
|
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
|
|
generics.GenericAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Pretty similar. Again we're using the <code>GenericAPIView</code> class to provide the core functionality, and adding in mixins to provide the <code>.retrieve()</code>, <code>.update()</code> and <code>.destroy()</code> actions.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="using-generic-class-based-views"><a class="toclink" href="#using-generic-class-based-views">Using generic class-based views</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Using the mixin classes we've rewritten the views to use slightly less code than before, but we can go one step further. REST framework provides a set of already mixed-in generic views that we can use to trim down our <code>views.py</code> module even more.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>from snippets.models import Snippet
|
|
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
|
|
from rest_framework import generics
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
|
|
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Wow, that's pretty concise. We've gotten a huge amount for free, and our code looks like good, clean, idiomatic Django.</p>
|
|
<p>Next we'll move onto <a href="../4-authentication-and-permissions/">part 4 of the tutorial</a>, where we'll take a look at how we can deal with authentication and permissions for our API.</p>
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