django-rest-framework/rest_framework/routers.py

"""
Routers provide a convenient and consistent way of automatically
determining the URL conf for your API.

They are used by simply instantiating a Router class, and then registering
all the required ViewSets with that router.

For example, you might have a `urls.py` that looks something like this:

    router = routers.DefaultRouter()
    router.register('users', UserViewSet, 'user')
    router.register('accounts', AccountViewSet, 'account')

    urlpatterns = router.urls
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import itertools
from collections import OrderedDict, namedtuple

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.core.urlresolvers import NoReverseMatch

from rest_framework import exceptions, renderers, views
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
from rest_framework.schemas import SchemaGenerator
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns

Route = namedtuple('Route', ['url', 'mapping', 'name', 'initkwargs'])
DynamicDetailRoute = namedtuple('DynamicDetailRoute', ['url', 'name', 'initkwargs'])
DynamicListRoute = namedtuple('DynamicListRoute', ['url', 'name', 'initkwargs'])


def replace_methodname(format_string, methodname):
    """
    Partially format a format_string, swapping out any
    '{methodname}' or '{methodnamehyphen}' components.
    """
    methodnamehyphen = methodname.replace('_', '-')
    ret = format_string
    ret = ret.replace('{methodname}', methodname)
    ret = ret.replace('{methodnamehyphen}', methodnamehyphen)
    return ret


def flatten(list_of_lists):
    """
    Takes an iterable of iterables, returns a single iterable containing all items
    """
    return itertools.chain(*list_of_lists)


class BaseRouter(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.registry = []

    def register(self, prefix, viewset, base_name=None):
        if base_name is None:
            base_name = self.get_default_base_name(viewset)
        self.registry.append((prefix, viewset, base_name))

    def get_default_base_name(self, viewset):
        """
        If `base_name` is not specified, attempt to automatically determine
        it from the viewset.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('get_default_base_name must be overridden')

    def get_urls(self):
        """
        Return a list of URL patterns, given the registered viewsets.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('get_urls must be overridden')

    @property
    def urls(self):
        if not hasattr(self, '_urls'):
            self._urls = self.get_urls()
        return self._urls


class SimpleRouter(BaseRouter):
    routes = [
        # List route.
        Route(
            url=r'^{prefix}{trailing_slash}$',
            mapping={
                'get': 'list',
                'post': 'create'
            },
            name='{basename}-list',
            initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}
        ),
        # Dynamically generated list routes.
        # Generated using @list_route decorator
        # on methods of the viewset.
        DynamicListRoute(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
            initkwargs={}
        ),
        # Detail route.
        Route(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}{trailing_slash}$',
            mapping={
                'get': 'retrieve',
                'put': 'update',
                'patch': 'partial_update',
                'delete': 'destroy'
            },
            name='{basename}-detail',
            initkwargs={'suffix': 'Instance'}
        ),
        # Dynamically generated detail routes.
        # Generated using @detail_route decorator on methods of the viewset.
        DynamicDetailRoute(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
            initkwargs={}
        ),
    ]

    def __init__(self, trailing_slash=True):
        self.trailing_slash = trailing_slash and '/' or ''
        super(SimpleRouter, self).__init__()

    def get_default_base_name(self, viewset):
        """
        If `base_name` is not specified, attempt to automatically determine
        it from the viewset.
        """
        queryset = getattr(viewset, 'queryset', None)

        assert queryset is not None, '`base_name` argument not specified, and could ' \
            'not automatically determine the name from the viewset, as ' \
            'it does not have a `.queryset` attribute.'

        return queryset.model._meta.object_name.lower()

    def get_routes(self, viewset):
        """
        Augment `self.routes` with any dynamically generated routes.

        Returns a list of the Route namedtuple.
        """
        # converting to list as iterables are good for one pass, known host needs to be checked again and again for
        # different functions.
        known_actions = list(flatten([route.mapping.values() for route in self.routes if isinstance(route, Route)]))

        # Determine any `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorated methods on the viewset
        detail_routes = []
        list_routes = []
        for methodname in dir(viewset):
            attr = getattr(viewset, methodname)
            httpmethods = getattr(attr, 'bind_to_methods', None)
            detail = getattr(attr, 'detail', True)
            if httpmethods:
                # checking method names against the known actions list
                if methodname in known_actions:
                    raise ImproperlyConfigured('Cannot use @detail_route or @list_route '
                                               'decorators on method "%s" '
                                               'as it is an existing route' % methodname)
                httpmethods = [method.lower() for method in httpmethods]
                if detail:
                    detail_routes.append((httpmethods, methodname))
                else:
                    list_routes.append((httpmethods, methodname))

        def _get_dynamic_routes(route, dynamic_routes):
            ret = []
            for httpmethods, methodname in dynamic_routes:
                method_kwargs = getattr(viewset, methodname).kwargs
                initkwargs = route.initkwargs.copy()
                initkwargs.update(method_kwargs)
                url_path = initkwargs.pop("url_path", None) or methodname
                ret.append(Route(
                    url=replace_methodname(route.url, url_path),
                    mapping={httpmethod: methodname for httpmethod in httpmethods},
                    name=replace_methodname(route.name, url_path),
                    initkwargs=initkwargs,
                ))

            return ret

        ret = []
        for route in self.routes:
            if isinstance(route, DynamicDetailRoute):
                # Dynamic detail routes (@detail_route decorator)
                ret += _get_dynamic_routes(route, detail_routes)
            elif isinstance(route, DynamicListRoute):
                # Dynamic list routes (@list_route decorator)
                ret += _get_dynamic_routes(route, list_routes)
            else:
                # Standard route
                ret.append(route)

        return ret

    def get_method_map(self, viewset, method_map):
        """
        Given a viewset, and a mapping of http methods to actions,
        return a new mapping which only includes any mappings that
        are actually implemented by the viewset.
        """
        bound_methods = {}
        for method, action in method_map.items():
            if hasattr(viewset, action):
                bound_methods[method] = action
        return bound_methods

    def get_lookup_regex(self, viewset, lookup_prefix=''):
        """
        Given a viewset, return the portion of URL regex that is used
        to match against a single instance.

        Note that lookup_prefix is not used directly inside REST rest_framework
        itself, but is required in order to nicely support nested router
        implementations, such as drf-nested-routers.

        https://github.com/alanjds/drf-nested-routers
        """
        base_regex = '(?P<{lookup_prefix}{lookup_url_kwarg}>{lookup_value})'
        # Use `pk` as default field, unset set.  Default regex should not
        # consume `.json` style suffixes and should break at '/' boundaries.
        lookup_field = getattr(viewset, 'lookup_field', 'pk')
        lookup_url_kwarg = getattr(viewset, 'lookup_url_kwarg', None) or lookup_field
        lookup_value = getattr(viewset, 'lookup_value_regex', '[^/.]+')
        return base_regex.format(
            lookup_prefix=lookup_prefix,
            lookup_url_kwarg=lookup_url_kwarg,
            lookup_value=lookup_value
        )

    def get_urls(self):
        """
        Use the registered viewsets to generate a list of URL patterns.
        """
        ret = []

        for prefix, viewset, basename in self.registry:
            lookup = self.get_lookup_regex(viewset)
            routes = self.get_routes(viewset)

            for route in routes:

                # Only actions which actually exist on the viewset will be bound
                mapping = self.get_method_map(viewset, route.mapping)
                if not mapping:
                    continue

                # Build the url pattern
                regex = route.url.format(
                    prefix=prefix,
                    lookup=lookup,
                    trailing_slash=self.trailing_slash
                )

                view = viewset.as_view(mapping, **route.initkwargs)
                name = route.name.format(basename=basename)
                ret.append(url(regex, view, name=name))

        return ret


class DefaultRouter(SimpleRouter):
    """
    The default router extends the SimpleRouter, but also adds in a default
    API root view, and adds format suffix patterns to the URLs.
    """
    include_root_view = True
    include_format_suffixes = True
    root_view_name = 'api-root'
    schema_renderers = [renderers.CoreJSONRenderer]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.schema_title = kwargs.pop('schema_title', None)
        super(DefaultRouter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_api_root_view(self, schema_urls=None):
        """
        Return a view to use as the API root.
        """
        api_root_dict = OrderedDict()
        list_name = self.routes[0].name
        for prefix, viewset, basename in self.registry:
            api_root_dict[prefix] = list_name.format(basename=basename)

        view_renderers = list(api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES)
        schema_media_types = []

        if schema_urls and self.schema_title:
            view_renderers += list(self.schema_renderers)
            schema_generator = SchemaGenerator(
                title=self.schema_title,
                patterns=schema_urls
            )
            schema_media_types = [
                renderer.media_type
                for renderer in self.schema_renderers
            ]

        class APIRoot(views.APIView):
            _ignore_model_permissions = True
            renderer_classes = view_renderers

            def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
                if request.accepted_renderer.media_type in schema_media_types:
                    # Return a schema response.
                    schema = schema_generator.get_schema(request)
                    if schema is None:
                        raise exceptions.PermissionDenied()
                    return Response(schema)

                # Return a plain {"name": "hyperlink"} response.
                ret = OrderedDict()
                namespace = request.resolver_match.namespace
                for key, url_name in api_root_dict.items():
                    if namespace:
                        url_name = namespace + ':' + url_name
                    try:
                        ret[key] = reverse(
                            url_name,
                            args=args,
                            kwargs=kwargs,
                            request=request,
                            format=kwargs.get('format', None)
                        )
                    except NoReverseMatch:
                        # Don't bail out if eg. no list routes exist, only detail routes.
                        continue

                return Response(ret)

        return APIRoot.as_view()

    def get_urls(self):
        """
        Generate the list of URL patterns, including a default root view
        for the API, and appending `.json` style format suffixes.
        """
        urls = super(DefaultRouter, self).get_urls()

        if self.include_root_view:
            view = self.get_api_root_view(schema_urls=urls)
            root_url = url(r'^$', view, name=self.root_view_name)
            urls.append(root_url)

        if self.include_format_suffixes:
            urls = format_suffix_patterns(urls)

        return urls