mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
synced 2024-11-29 21:14:01 +03:00
748 lines
27 KiB
Python
748 lines
27 KiB
Python
"""
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Renderers are used to serialize a response into specific media types.
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They give us a generic way of being able to handle various media types
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on the response, such as JSON encoded data or HTML output.
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REST framework also provides an HTML renderer the renders the browsable API.
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"""
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from __future__ import unicode_literals
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import json
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import django
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from django import forms
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from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
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from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header
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from django.template import Context, RequestContext, loader, Template
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from django.test.client import encode_multipart
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from django.utils import six
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from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
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from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator
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from django.utils.six.moves import StringIO
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from rest_framework import exceptions, serializers, status, VERSION
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from rest_framework.compat import SHORT_SEPARATORS, LONG_SEPARATORS, yaml
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from rest_framework.exceptions import ParseError
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from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
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from rest_framework.request import is_form_media_type, override_method
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from rest_framework.utils import encoders
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from rest_framework.utils.breadcrumbs import get_breadcrumbs
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from rest_framework.utils.field_mapping import ClassLookupDict
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def zero_as_none(value):
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return None if value == 0 else value
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class BaseRenderer(object):
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"""
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All renderers should extend this class, setting the `media_type`
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and `format` attributes, and override the `.render()` method.
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"""
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media_type = None
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format = None
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charset = 'utf-8'
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render_style = 'text'
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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raise NotImplemented('Renderer class requires .render() to be implemented')
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class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to JSON.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/json'
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format = 'json'
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encoder_class = encoders.JSONEncoder
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ensure_ascii = not api_settings.UNICODE_JSON
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compact = api_settings.COMPACT_JSON
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# We don't set a charset because JSON is a binary encoding,
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# that can be encoded as utf-8, utf-16 or utf-32.
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# See: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
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# Also: http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2013/7/19/application-mimetypes-and-encodings/
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charset = None
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def get_indent(self, accepted_media_type, renderer_context):
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if accepted_media_type:
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# If the media type looks like 'application/json; indent=4',
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# then pretty print the result.
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# Note that we coerce `indent=0` into `indent=None`.
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base_media_type, params = parse_header(accepted_media_type.encode('ascii'))
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try:
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return zero_as_none(max(min(int(params['indent']), 8), 0))
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except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
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pass
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# If 'indent' is provided in the context, then pretty print the result.
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# E.g. If we're being called by the BrowsableAPIRenderer.
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return renderer_context.get('indent', None)
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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"""
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Render `data` into JSON, returning a bytestring.
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"""
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if data is None:
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return bytes()
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renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
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indent = self.get_indent(accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
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separators = SHORT_SEPARATORS if (indent is None and self.compact) else LONG_SEPARATORS
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ret = json.dumps(
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data, cls=self.encoder_class,
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indent=indent, ensure_ascii=self.ensure_ascii,
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separators=separators
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)
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# On python 2.x json.dumps() returns bytestrings if ensure_ascii=True,
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# but if ensure_ascii=False, the return type is underspecified,
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# and may (or may not) be unicode.
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# On python 3.x json.dumps() returns unicode strings.
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if isinstance(ret, six.text_type):
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# We always fully escape \u2028 and \u2029 to ensure we output JSON
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# that is a strict javascript subset. If bytes were returned
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# by json.dumps() then we don't have these characters in any case.
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# See: http://timelessrepo.com/json-isnt-a-javascript-subset
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ret = ret.replace('\u2028', '\\u2028').replace('\u2029', '\\u2029')
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return bytes(ret.encode('utf-8'))
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return ret
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class JSONPRenderer(JSONRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to json,
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wrapping the json output in a callback function.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/javascript'
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format = 'jsonp'
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callback_parameter = 'callback'
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default_callback = 'callback'
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charset = 'utf-8'
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def get_callback(self, renderer_context):
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"""
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Determine the name of the callback to wrap around the json output.
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"""
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request = renderer_context.get('request', None)
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params = request and request.query_params or {}
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return params.get(self.callback_parameter, self.default_callback)
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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"""
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Renders into jsonp, wrapping the json output in a callback function.
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Clients may set the callback function name using a query parameter
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on the URL, for example: ?callback=exampleCallbackName
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"""
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renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
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callback = self.get_callback(renderer_context)
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json = super(JSONPRenderer, self).render(data, accepted_media_type,
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renderer_context)
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return callback.encode(self.charset) + b'(' + json + b');'
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class XMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to XML.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/xml'
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format = 'xml'
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charset = 'utf-8'
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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"""
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Renders `data` into serialized XML.
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"""
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if data is None:
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return ''
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stream = StringIO()
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xml = SimplerXMLGenerator(stream, self.charset)
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xml.startDocument()
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xml.startElement("root", {})
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self._to_xml(xml, data)
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xml.endElement("root")
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xml.endDocument()
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return stream.getvalue()
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def _to_xml(self, xml, data):
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if isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
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for item in data:
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xml.startElement("list-item", {})
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self._to_xml(xml, item)
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xml.endElement("list-item")
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elif isinstance(data, dict):
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for key, value in six.iteritems(data):
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xml.startElement(key, {})
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self._to_xml(xml, value)
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xml.endElement(key)
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elif data is None:
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# Don't output any value
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pass
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else:
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xml.characters(smart_text(data))
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class YAMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to YAML.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/yaml'
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format = 'yaml'
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encoder = encoders.SafeDumper
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charset = 'utf-8'
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ensure_ascii = False
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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"""
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Renders `data` into serialized YAML.
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"""
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assert yaml, 'YAMLRenderer requires pyyaml to be installed'
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if data is None:
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return ''
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return yaml.dump(data, stream=None, encoding=self.charset, Dumper=self.encoder, allow_unicode=not self.ensure_ascii)
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class TemplateHTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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An HTML renderer for use with templates.
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The data supplied to the Response object should be a dictionary that will
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be used as context for the template.
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The template name is determined by (in order of preference):
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1. An explicit `.template_name` attribute set on the response.
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2. An explicit `.template_name` attribute set on this class.
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3. The return result of calling `view.get_template_names()`.
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For example:
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data = {'users': User.objects.all()}
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return Response(data, template_name='users.html')
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For pre-rendered HTML, see StaticHTMLRenderer.
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"""
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media_type = 'text/html'
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format = 'html'
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template_name = None
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exception_template_names = [
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'%(status_code)s.html',
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'api_exception.html'
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]
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charset = 'utf-8'
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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"""
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Renders data to HTML, using Django's standard template rendering.
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The template name is determined by (in order of preference):
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1. An explicit .template_name set on the response.
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2. An explicit .template_name set on this class.
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3. The return result of calling view.get_template_names().
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"""
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renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
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view = renderer_context['view']
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request = renderer_context['request']
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response = renderer_context['response']
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if response.exception:
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template = self.get_exception_template(response)
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else:
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template_names = self.get_template_names(response, view)
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template = self.resolve_template(template_names)
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context = self.resolve_context(data, request, response)
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return template.render(context)
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def resolve_template(self, template_names):
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return loader.select_template(template_names)
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def resolve_context(self, data, request, response):
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if response.exception:
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data['status_code'] = response.status_code
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return RequestContext(request, data)
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def get_template_names(self, response, view):
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if response.template_name:
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return [response.template_name]
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elif self.template_name:
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return [self.template_name]
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elif hasattr(view, 'get_template_names'):
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return view.get_template_names()
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elif hasattr(view, 'template_name'):
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return [view.template_name]
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raise ImproperlyConfigured(
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'Returned a template response with no `template_name` attribute set on either the view or response'
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)
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def get_exception_template(self, response):
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template_names = [name % {'status_code': response.status_code}
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for name in self.exception_template_names]
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try:
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# Try to find an appropriate error template
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return self.resolve_template(template_names)
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except Exception:
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# Fall back to using eg '404 Not Found'
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return Template('%d %s' % (response.status_code,
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response.status_text.title()))
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# Note, subclass TemplateHTMLRenderer simply for the exception behavior
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class StaticHTMLRenderer(TemplateHTMLRenderer):
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"""
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An HTML renderer class that simply returns pre-rendered HTML.
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The data supplied to the Response object should be a string representing
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the pre-rendered HTML content.
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For example:
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data = '<html><body>example</body></html>'
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return Response(data)
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For template rendered HTML, see TemplateHTMLRenderer.
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"""
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media_type = 'text/html'
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format = 'html'
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charset = 'utf-8'
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
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response = renderer_context['response']
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if response and response.exception:
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request = renderer_context['request']
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template = self.get_exception_template(response)
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context = self.resolve_context(data, request, response)
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return template.render(context)
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return data
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class HTMLFormRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderers serializer data into an HTML form.
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If the serializer was instantiated without an object then this will
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return an HTML form not bound to any object,
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otherwise it will return an HTML form with the appropriate initial data
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populated from the object.
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Note that rendering of field and form errors is not currently supported.
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"""
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media_type = 'text/html'
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format = 'form'
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charset = 'utf-8'
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template_pack = 'rest_framework/horizontal/'
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base_template = 'form.html'
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default_style = ClassLookupDict({
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serializers.Field: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'text'
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},
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serializers.EmailField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'email'
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},
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serializers.URLField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'url'
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},
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serializers.IntegerField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'number'
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},
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serializers.DateTimeField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'datetime-local'
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},
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serializers.DateField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'date'
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},
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serializers.TimeField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'time'
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},
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serializers.FileField: {
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'base_template': 'input.html',
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'input_type': 'file'
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},
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serializers.BooleanField: {
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'base_template': 'checkbox.html'
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},
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serializers.ChoiceField: {
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'base_template': 'select.html', # Also valid: 'radio.html'
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},
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serializers.MultipleChoiceField: {
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'base_template': 'select_multiple.html', # Also valid: 'checkbox_multiple.html'
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},
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serializers.RelatedField: {
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'base_template': 'select.html', # Also valid: 'radio.html'
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},
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serializers.ManyRelatedField: {
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'base_template': 'select_multiple.html', # Also valid: 'checkbox_multiple.html'
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},
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serializers.Serializer: {
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'base_template': 'fieldset.html'
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},
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serializers.ListSerializer: {
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'base_template': 'list_fieldset.html'
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}
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})
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def render_field(self, field, parent_style):
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style = dict(self.default_style[field])
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style.update(field.style)
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if 'template_pack' not in style:
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style['template_pack'] = parent_style.get('template_pack', self.template_pack)
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style['renderer'] = self
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if style.get('input_type') == 'datetime-local' and isinstance(field.value, six.text_type):
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field.value = field.value.rstrip('Z')
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if 'template' in style:
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template_name = style['template']
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else:
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template_name = style['template_pack'].strip('/') + '/' + style['base_template']
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template = loader.get_template(template_name)
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context = Context({'field': field, 'style': style})
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return template.render(context)
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def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
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"""
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Render serializer data and return an HTML form, as a string.
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"""
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form = data.serializer
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meta = getattr(form, 'Meta', None)
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style = getattr(meta, 'style', {})
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if 'template_pack' not in style:
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style['template_pack'] = self.template_pack
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if 'base_template' not in style:
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style['base_template'] = self.base_template
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style['renderer'] = self
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# This API needs to be finessed and finalized for 3.1
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if 'template' in renderer_context:
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template_name = renderer_context['template']
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elif 'template' in style:
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template_name = style['template']
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else:
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template_name = style['template_pack'].strip('/') + '/' + style['base_template']
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renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
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request = renderer_context['request']
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template = loader.get_template(template_name)
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context = RequestContext(request, {
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'form': form,
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'style': style
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})
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return template.render(context)
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class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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HTML renderer used to self-document the API.
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"""
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media_type = 'text/html'
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format = 'api'
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template = 'rest_framework/api.html'
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charset = 'utf-8'
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form_renderer_class = HTMLFormRenderer
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def get_default_renderer(self, view):
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"""
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Return an instance of the first valid renderer.
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(Don't use another documenting renderer.)
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"""
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renderers = [renderer for renderer in view.renderer_classes
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if not issubclass(renderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer)]
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non_template_renderers = [renderer for renderer in renderers
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if not hasattr(renderer, 'get_template_names')]
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if not renderers:
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return None
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elif non_template_renderers:
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return non_template_renderers[0]()
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return renderers[0]()
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def get_content(self, renderer, data,
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accepted_media_type, renderer_context):
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"""
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Get the content as if it had been rendered by the default
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non-documenting renderer.
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"""
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if not renderer:
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return '[No renderers were found]'
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renderer_context['indent'] = 4
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content = renderer.render(data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
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render_style = getattr(renderer, 'render_style', 'text')
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assert render_style in ['text', 'binary'], 'Expected .render_style ' \
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'"text" or "binary", but got "%s"' % render_style
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if render_style == 'binary':
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return '[%d bytes of binary content]' % len(content)
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return content
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def show_form_for_method(self, view, method, request, obj):
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"""
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Returns True if a form should be shown for this method.
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"""
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if method not in view.allowed_methods:
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return # Not a valid method
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if not api_settings.FORM_METHOD_OVERRIDE:
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return # Cannot use form overloading
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try:
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view.check_permissions(request)
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if obj is not None:
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view.check_object_permissions(request, obj)
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except exceptions.APIException:
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return False # Doesn't have permissions
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return True
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def get_rendered_html_form(self, data, view, method, request):
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"""
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Return a string representing a rendered HTML form, possibly bound to
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either the input or output data.
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In the absence of the View having an associated form then return None.
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|
"""
|
|
# See issue #2089 for refactoring this.
|
|
serializer = getattr(data, 'serializer', None)
|
|
if serializer and not getattr(serializer, 'many', False):
|
|
instance = getattr(serializer, 'instance', None)
|
|
else:
|
|
instance = None
|
|
|
|
# If this is valid serializer data, and the form is for the same
|
|
# HTTP method as was used in the request then use the existing
|
|
# serializer instance, rather than dynamically creating a new one.
|
|
if request.method == method and serializer is not None:
|
|
try:
|
|
data = request.data
|
|
except ParseError:
|
|
data = None
|
|
existing_serializer = serializer
|
|
else:
|
|
data = None
|
|
existing_serializer = None
|
|
|
|
with override_method(view, request, method) as request:
|
|
if not self.show_form_for_method(view, method, request, instance):
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if method in ('DELETE', 'OPTIONS'):
|
|
return True # Don't actually need to return a form
|
|
|
|
if (
|
|
not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None)
|
|
or not any(is_form_media_type(parser.media_type) for parser in view.parser_classes)
|
|
):
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if existing_serializer is not None:
|
|
serializer = existing_serializer
|
|
else:
|
|
if method in ('PUT', 'PATCH'):
|
|
serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=instance, data=data)
|
|
else:
|
|
serializer = view.get_serializer(data=data)
|
|
if data is not None:
|
|
serializer.is_valid()
|
|
form_renderer = self.form_renderer_class()
|
|
return form_renderer.render(
|
|
serializer.data,
|
|
self.accepted_media_type,
|
|
dict(
|
|
list(self.renderer_context.items()) +
|
|
[('template', 'rest_framework/api_form.html')]
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def get_raw_data_form(self, data, view, method, request):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns a form that allows for arbitrary content types to be tunneled
|
|
via standard HTML forms.
|
|
(Which are typically application/x-www-form-urlencoded)
|
|
"""
|
|
# See issue #2089 for refactoring this.
|
|
serializer = getattr(data, 'serializer', None)
|
|
if serializer and not getattr(serializer, 'many', False):
|
|
instance = getattr(serializer, 'instance', None)
|
|
else:
|
|
instance = None
|
|
|
|
with override_method(view, request, method) as request:
|
|
# If we're not using content overloading there's no point in
|
|
# supplying a generic form, as the view won't treat the form's
|
|
# value as the content of the request.
|
|
if not (api_settings.FORM_CONTENT_OVERRIDE
|
|
and api_settings.FORM_CONTENTTYPE_OVERRIDE):
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
# Check permissions
|
|
if not self.show_form_for_method(view, method, request, instance):
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
# If possible, serialize the initial content for the generic form
|
|
default_parser = view.parser_classes[0]
|
|
renderer_class = getattr(default_parser, 'renderer_class', None)
|
|
if (hasattr(view, 'get_serializer') and renderer_class):
|
|
# View has a serializer defined and parser class has a
|
|
# corresponding renderer that can be used to render the data.
|
|
|
|
if method in ('PUT', 'PATCH'):
|
|
serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=instance)
|
|
else:
|
|
serializer = view.get_serializer()
|
|
|
|
# Render the raw data content
|
|
renderer = renderer_class()
|
|
accepted = self.accepted_media_type
|
|
context = self.renderer_context.copy()
|
|
context['indent'] = 4
|
|
content = renderer.render(serializer.data, accepted, context)
|
|
else:
|
|
content = None
|
|
|
|
# Generate a generic form that includes a content type field,
|
|
# and a content field.
|
|
content_type_field = api_settings.FORM_CONTENTTYPE_OVERRIDE
|
|
content_field = api_settings.FORM_CONTENT_OVERRIDE
|
|
|
|
media_types = [parser.media_type for parser in view.parser_classes]
|
|
choices = [(media_type, media_type) for media_type in media_types]
|
|
initial = media_types[0]
|
|
|
|
# NB. http://jacobian.org/writing/dynamic-form-generation/
|
|
class GenericContentForm(forms.Form):
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
super(GenericContentForm, self).__init__()
|
|
|
|
self.fields[content_type_field] = forms.ChoiceField(
|
|
label='Media type',
|
|
choices=choices,
|
|
initial=initial
|
|
)
|
|
self.fields[content_field] = forms.CharField(
|
|
label='Content',
|
|
widget=forms.Textarea,
|
|
initial=content
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
return GenericContentForm()
|
|
|
|
def get_name(self, view):
|
|
return view.get_view_name()
|
|
|
|
def get_description(self, view):
|
|
return view.get_view_description(html=True)
|
|
|
|
def get_breadcrumbs(self, request):
|
|
return get_breadcrumbs(request.path)
|
|
|
|
def get_context(self, data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the context used to render.
|
|
"""
|
|
view = renderer_context['view']
|
|
request = renderer_context['request']
|
|
response = renderer_context['response']
|
|
|
|
renderer = self.get_default_renderer(view)
|
|
|
|
raw_data_post_form = self.get_raw_data_form(data, view, 'POST', request)
|
|
raw_data_put_form = self.get_raw_data_form(data, view, 'PUT', request)
|
|
raw_data_patch_form = self.get_raw_data_form(data, view, 'PATCH', request)
|
|
raw_data_put_or_patch_form = raw_data_put_form or raw_data_patch_form
|
|
|
|
response_headers = dict(response.items())
|
|
renderer_content_type = ''
|
|
if renderer:
|
|
renderer_content_type = '%s' % renderer.media_type
|
|
if renderer.charset:
|
|
renderer_content_type += ' ;%s' % renderer.charset
|
|
response_headers['Content-Type'] = renderer_content_type
|
|
|
|
context = {
|
|
'content': self.get_content(renderer, data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context),
|
|
'view': view,
|
|
'request': request,
|
|
'response': response,
|
|
'description': self.get_description(view),
|
|
'name': self.get_name(view),
|
|
'version': VERSION,
|
|
'breadcrumblist': self.get_breadcrumbs(request),
|
|
'allowed_methods': view.allowed_methods,
|
|
'available_formats': [renderer_cls.format for renderer_cls in view.renderer_classes],
|
|
'response_headers': response_headers,
|
|
|
|
'put_form': self.get_rendered_html_form(data, view, 'PUT', request),
|
|
'post_form': self.get_rendered_html_form(data, view, 'POST', request),
|
|
'delete_form': self.get_rendered_html_form(data, view, 'DELETE', request),
|
|
'options_form': self.get_rendered_html_form(data, view, 'OPTIONS', request),
|
|
|
|
'raw_data_put_form': raw_data_put_form,
|
|
'raw_data_post_form': raw_data_post_form,
|
|
'raw_data_patch_form': raw_data_patch_form,
|
|
'raw_data_put_or_patch_form': raw_data_put_or_patch_form,
|
|
|
|
'display_edit_forms': bool(response.status_code != 403),
|
|
|
|
'api_settings': api_settings
|
|
}
|
|
return context
|
|
|
|
def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Render the HTML for the browsable API representation.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.accepted_media_type = accepted_media_type or ''
|
|
self.renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
|
|
|
|
template = loader.get_template(self.template)
|
|
context = self.get_context(data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
|
|
context = RequestContext(renderer_context['request'], context)
|
|
ret = template.render(context)
|
|
|
|
# Munge DELETE Response code to allow us to return content
|
|
# (Do this *after* we've rendered the template so that we include
|
|
# the normal deletion response code in the output)
|
|
response = renderer_context['response']
|
|
if response.status_code == status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT:
|
|
response.status_code = status.HTTP_200_OK
|
|
|
|
return ret
|
|
|
|
|
|
class MultiPartRenderer(BaseRenderer):
|
|
media_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=BoUnDaRyStRiNg'
|
|
format = 'multipart'
|
|
charset = 'utf-8'
|
|
BOUNDARY = 'BoUnDaRyStRiNg' if django.VERSION >= (1, 5) else b'BoUnDaRyStRiNg'
|
|
|
|
def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
|
|
return encode_multipart(self.BOUNDARY, data)
|