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<h1 id="quickstart">Quickstart</h1>
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<p>We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.</p>
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<h2 id="project-setup">Project setup</h2>
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<p>Create a new Django project named <code>tutorial</code>, then start a new app called <code>quickstart</code>.</p>
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<pre><code># Create the project directory
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mkdir tutorial
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cd tutorial
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# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
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virtualenv env
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source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
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# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
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pip install django
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pip install djangorestframework
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# Set up a new project with a single application
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django-admin.py startproject tutorial . # Note the trailing '.' character
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cd tutorial
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django-admin.py startapp quickstart
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cd ..
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</code></pre>
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<p>Now sync your database for the first time:</p>
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<pre><code>python manage.py migrate
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</code></pre>
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<p>We'll also create an initial user named <code>admin</code> with a password of <code>password</code>. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.</p>
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<pre><code>python manage.py createsuperuser
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</code></pre>
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<p>Once you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...</p>
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<h2 id="serializers">Serializers</h2>
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<p>First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named <code>tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py</code> that we'll use for our data representations.</p>
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<pre><code>from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
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from rest_framework import serializers
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class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
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class Meta:
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model = User
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fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
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class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
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class Meta:
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model = Group
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fields = ('url', 'name')
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</code></pre>
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<p>Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with <code>HyperlinkedModelSerializer</code>. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.</p>
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<h2 id="views">Views</h2>
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<p>Right, we'd better write some views then. Open <code>tutorial/quickstart/views.py</code> and get typing.</p>
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<pre><code>from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
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from rest_framework import viewsets
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from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
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class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
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"""
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API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
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"""
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queryset = User.objects.all()
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serializer_class = UserSerializer
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class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
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"""
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API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
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"""
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queryset = Group.objects.all()
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serializer_class = GroupSerializer
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</code></pre>
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<p>Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called <code>ViewSets</code>.</p>
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<p>We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.</p>
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<p>For trivial cases you can simply set a <code>model</code> attribute on the <code>ViewSet</code> class and the serializer and queryset will be automatically generated for you. Setting the <code>queryset</code> and/or <code>serializer_class</code> attributes gives you more explicit control of the API behaviour, and is the recommended style for most applications.</p>
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<h2 id="urls">URLs</h2>
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<p>Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to <code>tutorial/urls.py</code>...</p>
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<pre><code>from django.conf.urls import url, include
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from rest_framework import routers
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from tutorial.quickstart import views
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router = routers.DefaultRouter()
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router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
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router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
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# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
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# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
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urlpatterns = [
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url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
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url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
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]
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</code></pre>
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<p>Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.</p>
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<p>Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.</p>
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<p>Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.</p>
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<h2 id="settings">Settings</h2>
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<p>We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in <code>tutorial/settings.py</code></p>
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<pre><code>INSTALLED_APPS = (
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...
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'rest_framework',
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)
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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
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'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
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'PAGE_SIZE': 10
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Okay, we're done.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="testing-our-api">Testing our API</h2>
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<p>We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.</p>
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<pre><code>python ./manage.py runserver
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</code></pre>
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<p>We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like <code>curl</code>...</p>
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<pre><code>bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
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{
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"count": 2,
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"next": null,
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"previous": null,
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"results": [
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{
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"email": "admin@example.com",
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"groups": [],
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
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"username": "admin"
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},
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{
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"email": "tom@example.com",
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"groups": [ ],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
|
|
"username": "tom"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or using the <a href="https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation">httpie</a>, command line tool...</p>
|
|
<pre><code>bash: http -a username:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
|
|
|
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
|
...
|
|
{
|
|
"count": 2,
|
|
"next": null,
|
|
"previous": null,
|
|
"results": [
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "admin@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [],
|
|
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
|
|
"username": "paul"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "tom@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [ ],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
|
|
"username": "tom"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or directly through the browser...</p>
|
|
<p><img alt="Quick start image" src="../../../img/quickstart.png" /></p>
|
|
<p>If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in the top right corner.</p>
|
|
<p>Great, that was easy!</p>
|
|
<p>If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to <a href="../1-serialization">the tutorial</a>, or start browsing the <a href="../../../#api-guide">API guide</a>.</p>
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