mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
synced 2024-12-01 14:04:02 +03:00
344 lines
21 KiB
HTML
344 lines
21 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<title>Class Based Views - Django REST framework</title>
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/views"/>
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, Class Based Views, Function Based Views">
|
|
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le styles -->
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
|
|
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
|
|
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
|
|
<![endif]-->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
|
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
|
|
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
|
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
|
|
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="views-page">
|
|
|
|
<div class="wrapper">
|
|
|
|
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
|
|
<div class="navbar-inner">
|
|
<div class="container-fluid">
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " href="../api-guide/generic-views">Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i></a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " href="../api-guide/responses"><i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous</a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#searchModal" data-toggle="modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
|
|
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a class="brand" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Django REST framework</a>
|
|
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
|
|
<ul class="nav">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Home</a></li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart">Quickstart</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/1-serialization">1 - Serialization</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses">2 - Requests and responses</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views">3 - Class based views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions">4 - Authentication and permissions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers">6 - Viewsets and routers</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/requests">Requests</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/responses">Responses</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/views">Views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/generic-views">Generic views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/viewsets">Viewsets</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/routers">Routers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/parsers">Parsers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/renderers">Renderers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/serializers">Serializers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/fields">Serializer fields</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/relations">Serializer relations</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/authentication">Authentication</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/permissions">Permissions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/throttling">Throttling</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/filtering">Filtering</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/pagination">Pagination</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/content-negotiation">Content negotiation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/format-suffixes">Format suffixes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/reverse">Returning URLs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/exceptions">Exceptions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/status-codes">Status codes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/testing">Testing</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/settings">Settings</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/documenting-your-api">Documenting your API</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/ajax-csrf-cors">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/browser-enhancements">Browser enhancements</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/browsable-api">The Browsable API</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/contributing">Contributing to REST framework</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/rest-framework-2-announcement">2.0 Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/2.2-announcement">2.2 Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/2.3-announcement">2.3 Announcement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/release-notes">Release Notes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/credits">Credits</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<ul class="nav pull-right">
|
|
<!-- TODO
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Version: 2.0.0 <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="#">Trunk</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#">2.0.0</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
-->
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="body-content">
|
|
<div class="container-fluid">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Search Modal -->
|
|
<div id="searchModal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="modal-header">
|
|
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
|
|
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-body">
|
|
<!-- Custom google search -->
|
|
<script>
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var cx = '015016005043623903336:rxraeohqk6w';
|
|
var gcse = document.createElement('script');
|
|
gcse.type = 'text/javascript';
|
|
gcse.async = true;
|
|
gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
|
|
'//www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx=' + cx;
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
|
|
s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
</script>
|
|
<gcse:search></gcse:search>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-footer">
|
|
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="row-fluid">
|
|
|
|
<div class="span3">
|
|
<!-- TODO
|
|
<p style="margin-top: -12px">
|
|
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="width: 60px">« previous</a>
|
|
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="float: right; margin-right: 8px; width: 60px;">next »</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
-->
|
|
<div id="table-of-contents">
|
|
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
|
|
<li class="main"><a href="#class-based-views">Class Based Views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#api-policy-attributes">API policy attributes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#api-policy-instantiation-methods">API policy instantiation methods</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#api-policy-implementation-methods">API policy implementation methods</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#dispatch-methods">Dispatch methods</a></li>
|
|
<li class="main"><a href="#function-based-views">Function Based Views</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#@api_view()">@api_view()</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#api-policy-decorators">API policy decorators</a></li>
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
|
|
<p><a class="github" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master/rest_framework/decorators.py"><span class="label label-info">decorators.py</span></a> <a class="github" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master/rest_framework/views.py"><span class="label label-info">views.py</span></a></p>
|
|
<h1 id="class-based-views">Class Based Views</h1>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>Django's class based views are a welcome departure from the old-style views.</p>
|
|
<p>— <a href="http://reinout.vanrees.org/weblog/2011/08/24/class-based-views-usage.html">Reinout van Rees</a></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>REST framework provides an <code>APIView</code> class, which subclasses Django's <code>View</code> class.</p>
|
|
<p><code>APIView</code> classes are different from regular <code>View</code> classes in the following ways:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Requests passed to the handler methods will be REST framework's <code>Request</code> instances, not Django's <code>HttpRequest</code> instances.</li>
|
|
<li>Handler methods may return REST framework's <code>Response</code>, instead of Django's <code>HttpResponse</code>. The view will manage content negotiation and setting the correct renderer on the response.</li>
|
|
<li>Any <code>APIException</code> exceptions will be caught and mediated into appropriate responses.</li>
|
|
<li>Incoming requests will be authenticated and appropriate permission and/or throttle checks will be run before dispatching the request to the handler method.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Using the <code>APIView</code> class is pretty much the same as using a regular <code>View</code> class, as usual, the incoming request is dispatched to an appropriate handler method such as <code>.get()</code> or <code>.post()</code>. Additionally, a number of attributes may be set on the class that control various aspects of the API policy.</p>
|
|
<p>For example:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from rest_framework.views import APIView
|
|
from rest_framework.response import Response
|
|
from rest_framework import authentication, permissions
|
|
|
|
class ListUsers(APIView):
|
|
"""
|
|
View to list all users in the system.
|
|
|
|
* Requires token authentication.
|
|
* Only admin users are able to access this view.
|
|
"""
|
|
authentication_classes = (authentication.TokenAuthentication,)
|
|
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAdminUser,)
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, format=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return a list of all users.
|
|
"""
|
|
usernames = [user.username for user in User.objects.all()]
|
|
return Response(usernames)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="api-policy-attributes">API policy attributes</h2>
|
|
<p>The following attributes control the pluggable aspects of API views.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="renderer_classes">.renderer_classes</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="parser_classes">.parser_classes</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="authentication_classes">.authentication_classes</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="throttle_classes">.throttle_classes</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="permission_classes">.permission_classes</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="content_negotiation_class">.content_negotiation_class</h3>
|
|
<h2 id="api-policy-instantiation-methods">API policy instantiation methods</h2>
|
|
<p>The following methods are used by REST framework to instantiate the various pluggable API policies. You won't typically need to override these methods.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="get_renderersself">.get_renderers(self)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="get_parsersself">.get_parsers(self)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="get_authenticatorsself">.get_authenticators(self)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="get_throttlesself">.get_throttles(self)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="get_permissionsself">.get_permissions(self)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="get_content_negotiatorself">.get_content_negotiator(self)</h3>
|
|
<h2 id="api-policy-implementation-methods">API policy implementation methods</h2>
|
|
<p>The following methods are called before dispatching to the handler method.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="check_permissionsself-request">.check_permissions(self, request)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="check_throttlesself-request">.check_throttles(self, request)</h3>
|
|
<h3 id="perform_content_negotiationself-request-forcefalse">.perform_content_negotiation(self, request, force=False)</h3>
|
|
<h2 id="dispatch-methods">Dispatch methods</h2>
|
|
<p>The following methods are called directly by the view's <code>.dispatch()</code> method.
|
|
These perform any actions that need to occur before or after calling the handler methods such as <code>.get()</code>, <code>.post()</code>, <code>put()</code>, <code>patch()</code> and <code>.delete()</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="initialself-request-42args-kwargs">.initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs)</h3>
|
|
<p>Performs any actions that need to occur before the handler method gets called.
|
|
This method is used to enforce permissions and throttling, and perform content negotiation.</p>
|
|
<p>You won't typically need to override this method.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="handle_exceptionself-exc">.handle_exception(self, exc)</h3>
|
|
<p>Any exception thrown by the handler method will be passed to this method, which either returns a <code>Response</code> instance, or re-raises the exception.</p>
|
|
<p>The default implementation handles any subclass of <code>rest_framework.exceptions.APIException</code>, as well as Django's <code>Http404</code> and <code>PermissionDenied</code> exceptions, and returns an appropriate error response.</p>
|
|
<p>If you need to customize the error responses your API returns you should subclass this method.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="initialize_requestself-request-42args-kwargs">.initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)</h3>
|
|
<p>Ensures that the request object that is passed to the handler method is an instance of <code>Request</code>, rather than the usual Django <code>HttpRequest</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>You won't typically need to override this method.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="finalize_responseself-request-response-42args-kwargs">.finalize_response(self, request, response, *args, **kwargs)</h3>
|
|
<p>Ensures that any <code>Response</code> object returned from the handler method will be rendered into the correct content type, as determined by the content negotiation.</p>
|
|
<p>You won't typically need to override this method.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h1 id="function-based-views">Function Based Views</h1>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>Saying [that Class based views] is always the superior solution is a mistake.</p>
|
|
<p>— <a href="http://www.boredomandlaziness.org/2012/05/djangos-cbvs-are-not-mistake-but.html">Nick Coghlan</a></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>REST framework also allows you to work with regular function based views. It provides a set of simple decorators that wrap your function based views to ensure they receive an instance of <code>Request</code> (rather than the usual Django <code>HttpRequest</code>) and allows them to return a <code>Response</code> (instead of a Django <code>HttpResponse</code>), and allow you to configure how the request is processed.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="api_view">@api_view()</h2>
|
|
<p><strong>Signature:</strong> <code>@api_view(http_method_names)</code></p>
|
|
<p>The core of this functionality is the <code>api_view</code> decorator, which takes a list of HTTP methods that your view should respond to. For example, this is how you would write a very simple view that just manually returns some data:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
|
|
|
|
@api_view(['GET'])
|
|
def hello_world(request):
|
|
return Response({"message": "Hello, world!"})
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>This view will use the default renderers, parsers, authentication classes etc specified in the <a href="settings">settings</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="api-policy-decorators">API policy decorators</h2>
|
|
<p>To override the default settings, REST framework provides a set of additional decorators which can be added to your views. These must come <em>after</em> (below) the <code>@api_view</code> decorator. For example, to create a view that uses a <a href="throttling">throttle</a> to ensure it can only be called once per day by a particular user, use the <code>@throttle_classes</code> decorator, passing a list of throttle classes:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint lang-py"><code>from rest_framework.decorators import api_view, throttle_classes
|
|
from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
|
|
|
|
class OncePerDayUserThrottle(UserRateThrottle):
|
|
rate = '1/day'
|
|
|
|
@api_view(['GET'])
|
|
@throttle_classes([OncePerDayUserThrottle])
|
|
def view(request):
|
|
return Response({"message": "Hello for today! See you tomorrow!"})
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>These decorators correspond to the attributes set on <code>APIView</code> subclasses, described above.</p>
|
|
<p>The available decorators are:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>@renderer_classes(...)</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>@parser_classes(...)</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>@authentication_classes(...)</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>@throttle_classes(...)</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>@permission_classes(...)</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Each of these decorators takes a single argument which must be a list or tuple of classes.</p>
|
|
</div><!--/span-->
|
|
</div><!--/row-->
|
|
</div><!--/.fluid-container-->
|
|
</div><!--/.body content-->
|
|
|
|
<div id="push"></div>
|
|
</div><!--/.wrapper -->
|
|
|
|
<footer class="span12">
|
|
<p>Sponsored by <a href="http://dabapps.com/">DabApps</a>.</a></p>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le javascript
|
|
================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
|
|
<script src="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
|
|
<script>
|
|
//$('.side-nav').scrollspy()
|
|
var shiftWindow = function() { scrollBy(0, -50) };
|
|
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
|
|
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
|
|
|
|
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
|
|
event.stopPropagation();
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Dynamically force sidenav to no higher than browser window
|
|
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
|
|
|
|
$(function(){
|
|
$(window).resize(function(){
|
|
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
</body></html>
|