mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
synced 2024-11-15 14:17:22 +03:00
624 lines
23 KiB
HTML
624 lines
23 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZJtyq2wZOXvFw0RJ6rdHV_agvxjc5zkm9QgmdvNZB0s" />
|
|
<title>Quickstart - Django REST framework</title>
|
|
<link href="../../img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/" />
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, Quickstart">
|
|
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le styles -->
|
|
<link href="../../css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="../../css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
<link href="../../css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
|
|
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
|
|
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
|
|
<![endif]-->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
|
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
|
|
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
|
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var ga = document.createElement('script');
|
|
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
|
|
ga.async = true;
|
|
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
|
|
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<style>
|
|
#sidebarInclude img {
|
|
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
|
}
|
|
#sidebarInclude a.promo {
|
|
color: black;
|
|
}
|
|
@media (max-width: 767px) {
|
|
div.promo {
|
|
display: none;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="-page">
|
|
|
|
<div class="wrapper">
|
|
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
|
|
<div class="navbar-inner">
|
|
<div class="container-fluid">
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="prev" href="../1-serialization/">
|
|
Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="next" href="../..">
|
|
<i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a id="search_modal_show" class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#mkdocs_search_modal" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkdocs_search_modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
|
|
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a class="brand" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Django REST framework</a>
|
|
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Main navigation -->
|
|
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../..">Home</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="dropdown active">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
|
|
<li class="active" >
|
|
<a href="./">Quickstart</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../1-serialization/">1 - Serialization</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../2-requests-and-responses/">2 - Requests and responses</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../3-class-based-views/">3 - Class based views</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../4-authentication-and-permissions/">4 - Authentication and permissions</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis/">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../6-viewsets-and-routers/">6 - Viewsets and routers</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../7-schemas-and-client-libraries/">7 - Schemas and client libraries</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/requests/">Requests</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/responses/">Responses</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/views/">Views</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/generic-views/">Generic views</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/viewsets/">Viewsets</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/routers/">Routers</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/parsers/">Parsers</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/renderers/">Renderers</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/serializers/">Serializers</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/fields/">Serializer fields</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/relations/">Serializer relations</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/validators/">Validators</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/authentication/">Authentication</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/permissions/">Permissions</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/throttling/">Throttling</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/filtering/">Filtering</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/pagination/">Pagination</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/versioning/">Versioning</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/content-negotiation/">Content negotiation</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/metadata/">Metadata</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/schemas/">Schemas</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/format-suffixes/">Format suffixes</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/reverse/">Returning URLs</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/exceptions/">Exceptions</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/status-codes/">Status codes</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/testing/">Testing</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../api-guide/settings/">Settings</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/documenting-your-api/">Documenting your API</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/api-clients/">API Clients</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/internationalization/">Internationalization</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/ajax-csrf-cors/">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/html-and-forms/">HTML & Forms</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/browser-enhancements/">Browser Enhancements</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/browsable-api/">The Browsable API</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas/">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/third-party-resources/">Third Party Resources</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/contributing/">Contributing to REST framework</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/project-management/">Project management</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/3.0-announcement/">3.0 Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/3.1-announcement/">3.1 Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/3.2-announcement/">3.2 Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/3.3-announcement/">3.3 Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/3.4-announcement/">3.4 Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/3.5-announcement/">3.5 Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/kickstarter-announcement/">Kickstarter Announcement</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/mozilla-grant/">Mozilla Grant</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/funding/">Funding</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li >
|
|
<a href="../../topics/release-notes/">Release Notes</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="body-content">
|
|
<div class="container-fluid">
|
|
<!-- Search Modal -->
|
|
<div id="mkdocs_search_modal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="modal-header">
|
|
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
|
|
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="modal-body">
|
|
<form role="form" autocomplete="off">
|
|
<div class="form-group">
|
|
<input type="text" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..." id="mkdocs-search-query">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</form>
|
|
<div id="mkdocs-search-results"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="modal-footer">
|
|
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="row-fluid">
|
|
<div class="span3">
|
|
<div id="table-of-contents">
|
|
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="main">
|
|
<a href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="#project-setup">Project setup</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="#serializers">Serializers</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="#views">Views</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="#urls">URLs</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="#settings">Settings</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="#testing-our-api">Testing our API</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="promo">
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
<div id="sidebarInclude">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="quickstart"><a class="toclink" href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a></h1>
|
|
<p>We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="project-setup"><a class="toclink" href="#project-setup">Project setup</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Create a new Django project named <code>tutorial</code>, then start a new app called <code>quickstart</code>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code># Create the project directory
|
|
mkdir tutorial
|
|
cd tutorial
|
|
|
|
# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
|
|
virtualenv env
|
|
source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
|
|
|
|
# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
|
|
pip install django
|
|
pip install djangorestframework
|
|
|
|
# Set up a new project with a single application
|
|
django-admin.py startproject tutorial . # Note the trailing '.' character
|
|
cd tutorial
|
|
django-admin.py startapp quickstart
|
|
cd ..
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Now sync your database for the first time:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>python manage.py migrate
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>We'll also create an initial user named <code>admin</code> with a password of <code>password123</code>. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>python manage.py createsuperuser
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Once you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...</p>
|
|
<h2 id="serializers"><a class="toclink" href="#serializers">Serializers</a></h2>
|
|
<p>First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named <code>tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py</code> that we'll use for our data representations.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
|
|
from rest_framework import serializers
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
|
|
class Meta:
|
|
model = User
|
|
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
|
|
|
|
|
|
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
|
|
class Meta:
|
|
model = Group
|
|
fields = ('url', 'name')
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with <code>HyperlinkedModelSerializer</code>. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="views"><a class="toclink" href="#views">Views</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Right, we'd better write some views then. Open <code>tutorial/quickstart/views.py</code> and get typing.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
|
|
from rest_framework import viewsets
|
|
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
|
|
"""
|
|
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
|
|
"""
|
|
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
|
|
serializer_class = UserSerializer
|
|
|
|
|
|
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
|
|
"""
|
|
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
|
|
"""
|
|
queryset = Group.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called <code>ViewSets</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="urls"><a class="toclink" href="#urls">URLs</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to <code>tutorial/urls.py</code>...</p>
|
|
<pre><code>from django.conf.urls import url, include
|
|
from rest_framework import routers
|
|
from tutorial.quickstart import views
|
|
|
|
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
|
|
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
|
|
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
|
|
|
|
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
|
|
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
|
|
urlpatterns = [
|
|
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
|
|
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
|
|
]
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.</p>
|
|
<p>Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class-based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.</p>
|
|
<p>Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="settings"><a class="toclink" href="#settings">Settings</a></h2>
|
|
<p>We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in <code>tutorial/settings.py</code></p>
|
|
<pre><code>INSTALLED_APPS = (
|
|
...
|
|
'rest_framework',
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
|
|
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
|
|
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',
|
|
],
|
|
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Okay, we're done.</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h2 id="testing-our-api"><a class="toclink" href="#testing-our-api">Testing our API</a></h2>
|
|
<p>We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>python manage.py runserver
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like <code>curl</code>...</p>
|
|
<pre><code>bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
|
|
{
|
|
"count": 2,
|
|
"next": null,
|
|
"previous": null,
|
|
"results": [
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "admin@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
|
|
"username": "admin"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "tom@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [ ],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
|
|
"username": "tom"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or using the <a href="https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation">httpie</a>, command line tool...</p>
|
|
<pre><code>bash: http -a admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
|
|
|
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
|
...
|
|
{
|
|
"count": 2,
|
|
"next": null,
|
|
"previous": null,
|
|
"results": [
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "admin@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [],
|
|
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
|
|
"username": "paul"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "tom@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [ ],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
|
|
"username": "tom"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or directly through the browser, by going to the URL <code>http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/</code>...</p>
|
|
<p><img alt="Quick start image" src="../../img/quickstart.png" /></p>
|
|
<p>If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in the top right corner.</p>
|
|
<p>Great, that was easy!</p>
|
|
<p>If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to <a href="../1-serialization/">the tutorial</a>, or start browsing the <a href="../../#api-guide">API guide</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div> <!--/span-->
|
|
</div> <!--/row-->
|
|
</div> <!--/.fluid-container-->
|
|
</div> <!--/.body content-->
|
|
<div id="push"></div>
|
|
</div> <!--/.wrapper -->
|
|
|
|
<footer class="span12">
|
|
<p>Documentation built with <a href="http://www.mkdocs.org/">MkDocs</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Le javascript
|
|
================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
|
|
<script src="../../js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../../js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../../js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="https://fund.django-rest-framework.org/sidebar_include.js"></script>
|
|
<script>var base_url = '../..';</script>
|
|
<script src="../../mkdocs/js/require.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../../js/theme.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
var shiftWindow = function() {
|
|
scrollBy(0, -50)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
|
|
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
|
|
|
|
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
|
|
event.stopPropagation();
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Dynamically force sidenav/dropdown to no higher than browser window
|
|
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
|
|
|
|
$(function() {
|
|
$(window).resize(function() {
|
|
$('.side-nav, .dropdown-menu').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
</html> |