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<h1 id="api-clients"><a class="toclink" href="#api-clients">API Clients</a></h1>
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<p>An API client handles the underlying details of how network requests are made
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and how responses are decoded. They present the developer with an application
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interface to work against, rather than working directly with the network interface.</p>
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<p>The API clients documented here are not restricted to APIs built with Django REST framework.
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They can be used with any API that exposes a supported schema format.</p>
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<p>For example, <a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/categories/platform-api">the Heroku platform API</a> exposes a schema in the JSON
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Hyperschema format. As a result, the Core API command line client and Python
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client library can be <a href="http://www.coreapi.org/tools-and-resources/example-services/#heroku-json-hyper-schema">used to interact with the Heroku API</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="client-side-core-api"><a class="toclink" href="#client-side-core-api">Client-side Core API</a></h2>
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<p><a href="http://www.coreapi.org/">Core API</a> is a document specification that can be used to describe APIs. It can
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be used either server-side, as is done with REST framework's <a href="../../api-guide/schemas/">schema generation</a>,
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or used client-side, as described here.</p>
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<p>When used client-side, Core API allows for <em>dynamically driven client libraries</em>
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that can interact with any API that exposes a supported schema or hypermedia
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format.</p>
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<p>Using a dynamically driven client has a number of advantages over interacting
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with an API by building HTTP requests directly.</p>
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<h4 id="more-meaningful-interaction"><a class="toclink" href="#more-meaningful-interaction">More meaningful interaction</a></h4>
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<p>API interactions are presented in a more meaningful way. You're working at
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the application interface layer, rather than the network interface layer.</p>
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<h4 id="resilience-evolvability"><a class="toclink" href="#resilience-evolvability">Resilience & evolvability</a></h4>
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<p>The client determines what endpoints are available, what parameters exist
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against each particular endpoint, and how HTTP requests are formed.</p>
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<p>This also allows for a degree of API evolvability. URLs can be modified
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without breaking existing clients, or more efficient encodings can be used
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on-the-wire, with clients transparently upgrading.</p>
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<h4 id="self-descriptive-apis"><a class="toclink" href="#self-descriptive-apis">Self-descriptive APIs</a></h4>
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<p>A dynamically driven client is able to present documentation on the API to the
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end user. This documentation allows the user to discover the available endpoints
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and parameters, and better understand the API they are working with.</p>
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<p>Because this documentation is driven by the API schema it will always be fully
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up to date with the most recently deployed version of the service.</p>
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<hr />
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<h1 id="command-line-client"><a class="toclink" href="#command-line-client">Command line client</a></h1>
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<p>The command line client allows you to inspect and interact with any API that
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exposes a supported schema format.</p>
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<h2 id="getting-started"><a class="toclink" href="#getting-started">Getting started</a></h2>
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<p>To install the Core API command line client, use <code>pip</code>.</p>
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<p>Note that the command-line client is a separate package to the
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python client library. Make sure to install <code>coreapi-cli</code>.</p>
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<pre><code>$ pip install coreapi-cli
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</code></pre>
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<p>To start inspecting and interacting with an API the schema must first be loaded
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from the network.</p>
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<pre><code>$ coreapi get http://api.example.org/
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<Pastebin API "http://127.0.0.1:8000/">
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snippets: {
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create(code, [title], [linenos], [language], [style])
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destroy(pk)
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highlight(pk)
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list([page])
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partial_update(pk, [title], [code], [linenos], [language], [style])
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retrieve(pk)
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update(pk, code, [title], [linenos], [language], [style])
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}
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users: {
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list([page])
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retrieve(pk)
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will then load the schema, displaying the resulting <code>Document</code>. This
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<code>Document</code> includes all the available interactions that may be made against the API.</p>
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<p>To interact with the API, use the <code>action</code> command. This command requires a list
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of keys that are used to index into the link.</p>
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<pre><code>$ coreapi action users list
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[
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{
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
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"id": 2,
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"username": "aziz",
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"snippets": []
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},
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...
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]
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</code></pre>
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<p>To inspect the underlying HTTP request and response, use the <code>--debug</code> flag.</p>
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<pre><code>$ coreapi action users list --debug
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> GET /users/ HTTP/1.1
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> Accept: application/vnd.coreapi+json, */*
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> Authorization: Basic bWF4Om1heA==
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> Host: 127.0.0.1
|
|
> User-Agent: coreapi
|
|
< 200 OK
|
|
< Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
|
|
< Content-Type: application/json
|
|
< Date: Thu, 30 Jun 2016 10:51:46 GMT
|
|
< Server: WSGIServer/0.1 Python/2.7.10
|
|
< Vary: Accept, Cookie
|
|
<
|
|
< [{"url":"http://127.0.0.1/users/2/","id":2,"username":"aziz","snippets":[]},{"url":"http://127.0.0.1/users/3/","id":3,"username":"amy","snippets":["http://127.0.0.1/snippets/3/"]},{"url":"http://127.0.0.1/users/4/","id":4,"username":"max","snippets":["http://127.0.0.1/snippets/4/","http://127.0.0.1/snippets/5/","http://127.0.0.1/snippets/6/","http://127.0.0.1/snippets/7/"]},{"url":"http://127.0.0.1/users/5/","id":5,"username":"jose","snippets":[]},{"url":"http://127.0.0.1/users/6/","id":6,"username":"admin","snippets":["http://127.0.0.1/snippets/1/","http://127.0.0.1/snippets/2/"]}]
|
|
|
|
[
|
|
...
|
|
]
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Some actions may include optional or required parameters.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi action users create --param username=example
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>When using <code>--param</code>, the type of the input will be determined automatically.</p>
|
|
<p>If you want to be more explicit about the parameter type then use <code>--data</code> for
|
|
any null, numeric, boolean, list, or object inputs, and use <code>--string</code> for string inputs.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi action users edit --string username=tomchristie --data is_admin=true
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="authentication-headers"><a class="toclink" href="#authentication-headers">Authentication & headers</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The <code>credentials</code> command is used to manage the request <code>Authentication:</code> header.
|
|
Any credentials added are always linked to a particular domain, so as to ensure
|
|
that credentials are not leaked across differing APIs.</p>
|
|
<p>The format for adding a new credential is:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi credentials add <domain> <credentials string>
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>For instance:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi credentials add api.example.org "Token 9944b09199c62bcf9418ad846dd0e4bbdfc6ee4b"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>The optional <code>--auth</code> flag also allows you to add specific types of authentication,
|
|
handling the encoding for you. Currently only <code>"basic"</code> is supported as an option here.
|
|
For example:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi credentials add api.example.org tomchristie:foobar --auth basic
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>You can also add specific request headers, using the <code>headers</code> command:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi headers add api.example.org x-api-version 2
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>For more information and a listing of the available subcommands use <code>coreapi
|
|
credentials --help</code> or <code>coreapi headers --help</code>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="codecs"><a class="toclink" href="#codecs">Codecs</a></h2>
|
|
<p>By default the command line client only includes support for reading Core JSON
|
|
schemas, however it includes a plugin system for installing additional codecs.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ pip install openapi-codec jsonhyperschema-codec hal-codec
|
|
$ coreapi codecs show
|
|
Codecs
|
|
corejson application/vnd.coreapi+json encoding, decoding
|
|
hal application/hal+json encoding, decoding
|
|
openapi application/openapi+json encoding, decoding
|
|
jsonhyperschema application/schema+json decoding
|
|
json application/json data
|
|
text text/* data
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="utilities"><a class="toclink" href="#utilities">Utilities</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The command line client includes functionality for bookmarking API URLs
|
|
under a memorable name. For example, you can add a bookmark for the
|
|
existing API, like so...</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi bookmarks add accountmanagement
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>There is also functionality for navigating forward or backward through the
|
|
history of which API URLs have been accessed.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi history show
|
|
$ coreapi history back
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>For more information and a listing of the available subcommands use
|
|
<code>coreapi bookmarks --help</code> or <code>coreapi history --help</code>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="other-commands"><a class="toclink" href="#other-commands">Other commands</a></h2>
|
|
<p>To display the current <code>Document</code>:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi show
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>To reload the current <code>Document</code> from the network:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi reload
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>To load a schema file from disk:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi load my-api-schema.json --format corejson
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>To dump the current document to console in a given format:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi dump --format openapi
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>To remove the current document, along with all currently saved history,
|
|
credentials, headers and bookmarks:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ coreapi clear
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h1 id="python-client-library"><a class="toclink" href="#python-client-library">Python client library</a></h1>
|
|
<p>The <code>coreapi</code> Python package allows you to programatically interact with any
|
|
API that exposes a supported schema format.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="getting-started_1"><a class="toclink" href="#getting-started_1">Getting started</a></h2>
|
|
<p>You'll need to install the <code>coreapi</code> package using <code>pip</code> before you can get
|
|
started.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ pip install coreapi
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>In order to start working with an API, we first need a <code>Client</code> instance. The
|
|
client holds any configuration around which codecs and transports are supported
|
|
when interacting with an API, which allows you to provide for more advanced
|
|
kinds of behaviour.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>import coreapi
|
|
client = coreapi.Client()
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Once we have a <code>Client</code> instance, we can fetch an API schema from the network.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>schema = client.get('https://api.example.org/')
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>The object returned from this call will be a <code>Document</code> instance, which is
|
|
the internal representation of the interface that we are interacting with.</p>
|
|
<p>Now that we have our schema <code>Document</code>, we can now start to interact with the API:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>users = client.action(schema, ['users', 'list'])
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Some endpoints may include named parameters, which might be either optional or required:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>new_user = client.action(schema, ['users', 'create'], params={"username": "max"})
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="codecs_1"><a class="toclink" href="#codecs_1">Codecs</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Codecs are responsible for encoding or decoding Documents.</p>
|
|
<p>The decoding process is used by a client to take a bytestring of an API schema
|
|
definition, and returning the Core API <code>Document</code> that represents that interface.</p>
|
|
<p>A codec should be associated with a particular media type, such as <code>'application/coreapi+json'</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>This media type is used by the server in the response <code>Content-Type</code> header,
|
|
in order to indicate what kind of data is being returned in the response.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="configuring-codecs"><a class="toclink" href="#configuring-codecs">Configuring codecs</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The codecs that are available can be configured when instantiating a client.
|
|
The keyword argument used here is <code>decoders</code>, because in the context of a
|
|
client the codecs are only for <em>decoding</em> responses.</p>
|
|
<p>In the following example we'll configure a client to only accept <code>Core JSON</code>
|
|
and <code>JSON</code> responses. This will allow us to receive and decode a Core JSON schema,
|
|
and subsequently to receive JSON responses made against the API.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>from coreapi import codecs, Client
|
|
|
|
decoders = [codecs.CoreJSONCodec(), codecs.JSONCodec()]
|
|
client = Client(decoders=decoders)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h4 id="loading-and-saving-schemas"><a class="toclink" href="#loading-and-saving-schemas">Loading and saving schemas</a></h4>
|
|
<p>You can use a codec directly, in order to load an existing schema definition,
|
|
and return the resulting <code>Document</code>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>input_file = open('my-api-schema.json', 'rb')
|
|
schema_definition = input_file.read()
|
|
codec = codecs.CoreJSONCodec()
|
|
schema = codec.load(schema_definition)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>You can also use a codec directly to generate a schema definition given a <code>Document</code> instance:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>schema_definition = codec.dump(schema)
|
|
output_file = open('my-api-schema.json', 'rb')
|
|
output_file.write(schema_definition)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="transports"><a class="toclink" href="#transports">Transports</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Transports are responsible for making network requests. The set of transports
|
|
that a client has installed determines which network protocols it is able to
|
|
support.</p>
|
|
<p>Currently the <code>coreapi</code> library only includes an HTTP/HTTPS transport, but
|
|
other protocols can also be supported.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="configuring-transports"><a class="toclink" href="#configuring-transports">Configuring transports</a></h4>
|
|
<p>The behaviour of the network layer can be customized by configuring the
|
|
transports that the client is instantiated with.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>import requests
|
|
from coreapi import transports, Client
|
|
|
|
credentials = {'api.example.org': 'Token 3bd44a009d16ff'}
|
|
transports = transports.HTTPTransport(credentials=credentials)
|
|
client = Client(transports=transports)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>More complex customizations can also be achieved, for example modifying the
|
|
underlying <code>requests.Session</code> instance to <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/#transport-adapters">attach transport adaptors</a>
|
|
that modify the outgoing requests.</p>
|
|
|
|
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