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<a href="#format-suffixes">Format suffixes</a>
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<a href="#format_suffix_patterns">format_suffix_patterns</a>
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<a href="#accept-headers-vs-format-suffixes">Accept headers vs. format suffixes</a>
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<h1 id="format-suffixes">Format suffixes</h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Section 6.2.1 does not say that content negotiation should be
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used all the time.</p>
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<p>— Roy Fielding, <a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/rest-discuss/message/5857">REST discuss mailing list</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>A common pattern for Web APIs is to use filename extensions on URLs to provide an endpoint for a given media type. For example, 'http://example.com/api/users.json' to serve a JSON representation.</p>
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<p>Adding format-suffix patterns to each individual entry in the URLconf for your API is error-prone and non-DRY, so REST framework provides a shortcut to adding these patterns to your URLConf.</p>
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<h2 id="format_suffix_patterns">format_suffix_patterns</h2>
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<p><strong>Signature</strong>: format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns, suffix_required=False, allowed=None)</p>
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<p>Returns a URL pattern list which includes format suffix patterns appended to each of the URL patterns provided.</p>
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<p>Arguments:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>urlpatterns</strong>: Required. A URL pattern list.</li>
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<li><strong>suffix_required</strong>: Optional. A boolean indicating if suffixes in the URLs should be optional or mandatory. Defaults to <code>False</code>, meaning that suffixes are optional by default.</li>
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<li><strong>allowed</strong>: Optional. A list or tuple of valid format suffixes. If not provided, a wildcard format suffix pattern will be used.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<pre><code>from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
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from blog import views
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urlpatterns = [
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url(r'^/$', views.apt_root),
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url(r'^comments/$', views.comment_list),
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url(r'^comments/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.comment_detail)
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]
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urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns, allowed=['json', 'html'])
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</code></pre>
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<p>When using <code>format_suffix_patterns</code>, you must make sure to add the <code>'format'</code> keyword argument to the corresponding views. For example:</p>
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<pre><code>@api_view(('GET', 'POST'))
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def comment_list(request, format=None):
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# do stuff...
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</code></pre>
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<p>Or with class based views:</p>
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<pre><code>class CommentList(APIView):
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def get(self, request, format=None):
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# do stuff...
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def post(self, request, format=None):
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# do stuff...
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</code></pre>
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<p>The name of the kwarg used may be modified by using the <code>FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG</code> setting.</p>
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<p>Also note that <code>format_suffix_patterns</code> does not support descending into <code>include</code> URL patterns.</p>
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<h3 id="using-with-i18n_patterns">Using with <code>i18n_patterns</code></h3>
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<p>If using the <code>i18n_patterns</code> function provided by Django, as well as <code>format_suffix_patterns</code> you should make sure that the <code>i18n_patterns</code> function is applied as the final, or outermost function. For example:</p>
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<pre><code>url patterns = [
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…
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]
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urlpatterns = i18n_patterns(
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format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns, allowed=['json', 'html'])
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)
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</code></pre>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="accept-headers-vs-format-suffixes">Accept headers vs. format suffixes</h2>
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<p>There seems to be a view among some of the Web community that filename extensions are not a RESTful pattern, and that <code>HTTP Accept</code> headers should always be used instead.</p>
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<p>It is actually a misconception. For example, take the following quote from Roy Fielding discussing the relative merits of query parameter media-type indicators vs. file extension media-type indicators:</p>
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<p>“That's why I always prefer extensions. Neither choice has anything to do with REST.” — Roy Fielding, <a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/rest-discuss/message/14844">REST discuss mailing list</a></p>
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<p>The quote does not mention Accept headers, but it does make it clear that format suffixes should be considered an acceptable pattern.</p>
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