mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
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382 lines
14 KiB
Python
382 lines
14 KiB
Python
"""
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Renderers are used to serialize a View's output into specific media types.
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Django REST framework also provides HTML and PlainText renderers that help self-document the API,
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by serializing the output along with documentation regarding the View, output status and headers,
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and providing forms and links depending on the allowed methods, renderers and parsers on the View.
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"""
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import string
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from django import forms
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from django.template import RequestContext, loader
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from django.utils import simplejson as json
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from rest_framework.compat import yaml
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from rest_framework.exceptions import ConfigurationError
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from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
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from rest_framework.request import clone_request
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from rest_framework.utils import dict2xml
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from rest_framework.utils import encoders
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from rest_framework.utils.breadcrumbs import get_breadcrumbs
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from rest_framework.utils.mediatypes import get_media_type_params, add_media_type_param
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from rest_framework import VERSION
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from rest_framework import serializers
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class BaseRenderer(object):
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"""
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All renderers must extend this class, set the :attr:`media_type` attribute,
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and override the :meth:`render` method.
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"""
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media_type = None
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format = None
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def __init__(self, view=None):
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self.view = view
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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raise NotImplemented('Renderer class requires .render() to be implemented')
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class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to json.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/json'
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format = 'json'
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encoder_class = encoders.JSONEncoder
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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"""
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Render `obj` into json.
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"""
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if data is None:
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return ''
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# If the media type looks like 'application/json; indent=4', then
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# pretty print the result.
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indent = get_media_type_params(accepted_media_type).get('indent', None)
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sort_keys = False
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try:
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indent = max(min(int(indent), 8), 0)
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sort_keys = True
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except (ValueError, TypeError):
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indent = None
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return json.dumps(data, cls=self.encoder_class,
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indent=indent, sort_keys=sort_keys)
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class JSONPRenderer(JSONRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to json,
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wrapping the json output in a callback function.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/javascript'
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format = 'jsonp'
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callback_parameter = 'callback'
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default_callback = 'callback'
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def get_callback(self):
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"""
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Determine the name of the callback to wrap around the json output.
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"""
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params = self.view.request.GET
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return params.get(self.callback_parameter, self.default_callback)
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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"""
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Renders into jsonp, wrapping the json output in a callback function.
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Clients may set the callback function name using a query parameter
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on the URL, for example: ?callback=exampleCallbackName
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"""
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callback = self.get_callback()
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json = super(JSONPRenderer, self).render(data, accepted_media_type)
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return "%s(%s);" % (callback, json)
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class XMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to XML.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/xml'
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format = 'xml'
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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"""
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Renders *obj* into serialized XML.
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"""
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if data is None:
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return ''
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return dict2xml(data)
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class YAMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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Renderer which serializes to YAML.
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"""
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media_type = 'application/yaml'
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format = 'yaml'
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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"""
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Renders *obj* into serialized YAML.
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"""
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if data is None:
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return ''
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return yaml.safe_dump(data)
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class HTMLTemplateRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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A Base class provided for convenience.
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Render the object simply by using the given template.
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To create a template renderer, subclass this class, and set
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the :attr:`media_type` and :attr:`template` attributes.
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"""
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media_type = 'text/html'
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format = 'html'
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template_name = None
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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"""
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Renders data to HTML, using Django's standard template rendering.
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The template name is determined by (in order of preference):
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1. An explicit .template_name set on the response.
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2. An explicit .template_name set on this class.
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3. The return result of calling view.get_template_names().
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"""
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view = self.view
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request, response = view.request, view.response
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template_names = self.get_template_names(response, view)
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template = self.resolve_template(template_names)
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context = self.resolve_context(data, request)
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return template.render(context)
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def resolve_template(self, template_names):
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return loader.select_template(template_names)
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def resolve_context(self, data, request):
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return RequestContext(request, data)
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def get_template_names(self, response, view):
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if response.template_name:
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return [response.template_name]
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elif self.template_name:
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return [self.template_name]
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elif hasattr(view, 'get_template_names'):
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return view.get_template_names()
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raise ConfigurationError('Returned a template response with no template_name')
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class DocumentingHTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
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"""
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HTML renderer used to self-document the API.
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"""
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media_type = 'text/html'
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format = 'api'
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template = 'rest_framework/api.html'
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def get_content(self, view, request, data, accepted_media_type):
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"""
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Get the content as if it had been rendered by a non-documenting renderer.
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(Typically this will be the content as it would have been if the Resource had been
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requested with an 'Accept: */*' header, although with verbose style formatting if appropriate.)
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"""
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# Find the first valid renderer and render the content. (Don't use another documenting renderer.)
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renderers = [renderer for renderer in view.renderer_classes
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if not issubclass(renderer, DocumentingHTMLRenderer)]
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if not renderers:
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return '[No renderers were found]'
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accepted_media_type = add_media_type_param(accepted_media_type, 'indent', '4')
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content = renderers[0](view).render(data, accepted_media_type)
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if not all(char in string.printable for char in content):
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return '[%d bytes of binary content]'
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return content
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def get_form(self, view, method, request):
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"""
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Get a form, possibly bound to either the input or output data.
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In the absence on of the Resource having an associated form then
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provide a form that can be used to submit arbitrary content.
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"""
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if not method in view.allowed_methods:
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return # Not a valid method
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if not api_settings.FORM_METHOD_OVERRIDE:
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return # Cannot use form overloading
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request = clone_request(request, method)
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if not view.has_permission(request):
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return # Don't have permission
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if method == 'DELETE' or method == 'OPTIONS':
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return True # Don't actually need to return a form
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if not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None):
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return self.get_generic_content_form(view)
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#####
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# TODO: This is a little bit of a hack. Actually we'd like to remove
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# this and just render serializer fields to html directly.
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# We need to map our Fields to Django's Fields.
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field_mapping = {
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serializers.FloatField: forms.FloatField,
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serializers.IntegerField: forms.IntegerField,
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serializers.DateTimeField: forms.DateTimeField,
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serializers.DateField: forms.DateField,
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serializers.EmailField: forms.EmailField,
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serializers.CharField: forms.CharField,
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serializers.BooleanField: forms.BooleanField,
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serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField: forms.ModelChoiceField,
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serializers.ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField: forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField
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}
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# Creating an on the fly form see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3915024/dynamically-creating-classes-python
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fields = {}
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obj, data = None, None
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if getattr(view, 'object', None):
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obj = view.object
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serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=obj)
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for k, v in serializer.get_fields(True).items():
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if getattr(v, 'readonly', True):
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continue
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kwargs = {}
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if getattr(v, 'queryset', None):
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kwargs['queryset'] = getattr(v, 'queryset', None)
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try:
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fields[k] = field_mapping[v.__class__](**kwargs)
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except KeyError:
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fields[k] = forms.CharField()
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OnTheFlyForm = type("OnTheFlyForm", (forms.Form,), fields)
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if obj and not view.request.method == 'DELETE': # Don't fill in the form when the object is deleted
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data = serializer.data
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form_instance = OnTheFlyForm(data)
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return form_instance
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def get_generic_content_form(self, view):
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"""
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Returns a form that allows for arbitrary content types to be tunneled via standard HTML forms
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(Which are typically application/x-www-form-urlencoded)
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"""
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# If we're not using content overloading there's no point in supplying a generic form,
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# as the view won't treat the form's value as the content of the request.
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if not (api_settings.FORM_CONTENT_OVERRIDE
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and api_settings.FORM_CONTENTTYPE_OVERRIDE):
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return None
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# NB. http://jacobian.org/writing/dynamic-form-generation/
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class GenericContentForm(forms.Form):
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def __init__(self, view, request):
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"""We don't know the names of the fields we want to set until the point the form is instantiated,
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as they are determined by the Resource the form is being created against.
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Add the fields dynamically."""
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super(GenericContentForm, self).__init__()
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parsed_media_types = [parser.media_type for parser in view.parser_classes]
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contenttype_choices = [(media_type, media_type) for media_type in parsed_media_types]
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initial_contenttype = parsed_media_types[0]
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self.fields[api_settings.FORM_CONTENTTYPE_OVERRIDE] = forms.ChoiceField(
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label='Content Type',
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choices=contenttype_choices,
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initial=initial_contenttype
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)
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self.fields[api_settings.FORM_CONTENT_OVERRIDE] = forms.CharField(
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label='Content',
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widget=forms.Textarea
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)
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# If either of these reserved parameters are turned off then content tunneling is not possible
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if self.view.request._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM is None or self.view.request._CONTENT_PARAM is None:
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return None
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# Okey doke, let's do it
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return GenericContentForm(view, view.request)
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def get_name(self):
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try:
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return self.view.get_name()
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except AttributeError:
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return self.view.__doc__
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def get_description(self, html=None):
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if html is None:
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html = bool('html' in self.format)
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try:
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return self.view.get_description(html)
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except AttributeError:
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return self.view.__doc__
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def render(self, data=None, accepted_media_type=None):
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"""
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Renders *obj* using the :attr:`template` set on the class.
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The context used in the template contains all the information
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needed to self-document the response to this request.
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"""
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view = self.view
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request = view.request
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response = view.response
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content = self.get_content(view, request, data, accepted_media_type)
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put_form = self.get_form(view, 'PUT', request)
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post_form = self.get_form(view, 'POST', request)
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delete_form = self.get_form(view, 'DELETE', request)
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options_form = self.get_form(view, 'OPTIONS', request)
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name = self.get_name()
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description = self.get_description()
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breadcrumb_list = get_breadcrumbs(self.view.request.path)
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template = loader.get_template(self.template)
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context = RequestContext(self.view.request, {
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'content': content,
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'view': view,
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'request': request,
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'response': response,
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'description': description,
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'name': name,
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'version': VERSION,
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'breadcrumblist': breadcrumb_list,
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'allowed_methods': view.allowed_methods,
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'available_formats': [renderer.format for renderer in view.renderer_classes],
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'put_form': put_form,
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'post_form': post_form,
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'delete_form': delete_form,
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'options_form': options_form,
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'api_settings': api_settings
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})
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ret = template.render(context)
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# Munge DELETE Response code to allow us to return content
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# (Do this *after* we've rendered the template so that we include
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# the normal deletion response code in the output)
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if self.view.response.status_code == 204:
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self.view.response.status_code = 200
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return ret
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