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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="internationalization">Internationalization<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Supporting internationalization is not optional. It must be a core feature.</p>
<p>&mdash; <a href="https://youtu.be/Wa0VfS2q94Y">Jannis Leidel, speaking at Django Under the Hood, 2015</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>REST framework ships with translatable error messages. You can make these appear in your language enabling <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/translation">Django's standard translation mechanisms</a>.</p>
<p>Doing so will allow you to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Select a language other than English as the default, using the standard <code>LANGUAGE_CODE</code> Django setting.</li>
<li>Allow clients to choose a language themselves, using the <code>LocaleMiddleware</code> included with Django. A typical usage for API clients would be to include an <code>Accept-Language</code> request header.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="enabling-internationalized-apis">Enabling internationalized APIs<a class="headerlink" href="#enabling-internationalized-apis" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>You can change the default language by using the standard Django <code>LANGUAGE_CODE</code> setting:</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code>LANGUAGE_CODE = &quot;es-es&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<p>You can turn on per-request language requests by adding <code>LocalMiddleware</code> to your <code>MIDDLEWARE</code> setting:</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code>MIDDLEWARE = [
...
&#39;django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware&#39;
]
</code></pre></div>
<p>When per-request internationalization is enabled, client requests will respect the <code>Accept-Language</code> header where possible. For example, let's make a request for an unsupported media type:</p>
<p><strong>Request</strong></p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code>GET /api/users HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Accept-Language: es-es
Host: example.org
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Response</strong></p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code>HTTP/1.0 406 NOT ACCEPTABLE
{&quot;detail&quot;: &quot;No se ha podido satisfacer la solicitud de cabecera de Accept.&quot;}
</code></pre></div>
<p>REST framework includes these built-in translations both for standard exception cases, and for serializer validation errors.</p>
<p>Note that the translations only apply to the error strings themselves. The format of error messages, and the keys of field names will remain the same. An example <code>400 Bad Request</code> response body might look like this:</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code>{&quot;detail&quot;: {&quot;username&quot;: [&quot;Esse campo deve ser único.&quot;]}}
</code></pre></div>
<p>If you want to use different string for parts of the response such as <code>detail</code> and <code>non_field_errors</code> then you can modify this behavior by using a <a href="../../api-guide/exceptions/#custom-exception-handling">custom exception handler</a>.</p>
<h4 id="specifying-the-set-of-supported-languages">Specifying the set of supported languages.<a class="headerlink" href="#specifying-the-set-of-supported-languages" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>By default all available languages will be supported.</p>
<p>If you only wish to support a subset of the available languages, use Django's standard <code>LANGUAGES</code> setting:</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code>LANGUAGES = [
(&#39;de&#39;, _(&#39;German&#39;)),
(&#39;en&#39;, _(&#39;English&#39;)),
]
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="adding-new-translations">Adding new translations<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-new-translations" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>REST framework translations are managed on GitHub. You can contribute new translation languages or update existing ones
by following the guidelines in the <a href="../../community/contributing/#development">Contributing to REST Framework</a> section and submitting a pull request.</p>
<p>Sometimes you may need to add translation strings to your project locally. You may need to do this if:</p>
<ul>
<li>You want to use REST Framework in a language which is not supported by the project.</li>
<li>Your project includes custom error messages, which are not part of REST framework's default translation strings.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="translating-a-new-language-locally">Translating a new language locally<a class="headerlink" href="#translating-a-new-language-locally" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>This guide assumes you are already familiar with how to translate a Django app. If you're not, start by reading <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/translation">Django's translation docs</a>.</p>
<p>If you're translating a new language you'll need to translate the existing REST framework error messages:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Make a new folder where you want to store the internationalization resources. Add this path to your <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#std:setting-LOCALE_PATHS"><code>LOCALE_PATHS</code></a> setting.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Now create a subfolder for the language you want to translate. The folder should be named using <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/#term-locale-name">locale name</a> notation. For example: <code>de</code>, <code>pt_BR</code>, <code>es_AR</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Now copy the <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/django-rest-framework/main/rest_framework/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/django.po">base translations file</a> from the REST framework source code into your translations folder.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Edit the <code>django.po</code> file you've just copied, translating all the error messages.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Run <code>manage.py compilemessages -l pt_BR</code> to make the translations
available for Django to use. You should see a message like <code>processing file django.po in &lt;...&gt;/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Restart your development server to see the changes take effect.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>If you're only translating custom error messages that exist inside your project codebase you don't need to copy the REST framework source <code>django.po</code> file into a <code>LOCALE_PATHS</code> folder, and can instead simply run Django's standard <code>makemessages</code> process.</p>
<h2 id="how-the-language-is-determined">How the language is determined<a class="headerlink" href="#how-the-language-is-determined" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>If you want to allow per-request language preferences you'll need to include <code>django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware</code> in your <code>MIDDLEWARE</code> setting.</p>
<p>You can find more information on how the language preference is determined in the <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/translation/#how-django-discovers-language-preference">Django documentation</a>. For reference, the method is:</p>
<ol>
<li>First, it looks for the language prefix in the requested URL.</li>
<li>Failing that, it looks for the <code>LANGUAGE_SESSION_KEY</code> key in the current user’s session.</li>
<li>Failing that, it looks for a cookie.</li>
<li>Failing that, it looks at the <code>Accept-Language</code> HTTP header.</li>
<li>Failing that, it uses the global <code>LANGUAGE_CODE</code> setting.</li>
</ol>
<p>For API clients the most appropriate of these will typically be to use the <code>Accept-Language</code> header; Sessions and cookies will not be available unless using session authentication, and generally better practice to prefer an <code>Accept-Language</code> header for API clients rather than using language URL prefixes.</p>
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