Yet another Pydantic 2 support (#832)

* Add support for Pydantic v2 settings

* Configure pipeline to run tests against different pydantic versions

* Update Pydantic docs and examples for v2

* Fix compatibility with httpx v0.27.0

.github/workflows/tests-and-linters.yml

@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ jobs:
         env:
           TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
+  test-different-pydantic-versions:
+    name: Run tests with different pydantic versions
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+      - run: pip install tox
+      - run: tox -e pydantic-v1,pydantic-v2
+
   test-coverage:
     name: Run tests with coverage
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

docs/providers/configuration.rst

@@ -183,22 +183,22 @@ See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
 Loading from a Pydantic settings
 --------------------------------
 
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic`` settings object using the
+``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object using the
 :py:meth:`Configuration.from_pydantic` method:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 31
+   :emphasize-lines: 32
 
-To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls ``Settings.dict()`` method.
+To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls its ``model_dump()`` method.
 If you need to pass an argument to this call, use ``.from_pydantic()`` keyword arguments.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    container.config.from_pydantic(Settings(), exclude={"optional"})
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic`` settings object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
+Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
 the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -215,18 +215,23 @@ the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic`` by default.
+   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic-settings`` by default.
 
    You can install the ``Dependency Injector`` with an extra dependency::
 
-      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]
+      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic2]
 
-   or install ``pydantic`` directly::
+   or install ``pydantic-settings`` directly::
 
-      pip install pydantic
+      pip install pydantic-settings
 
    *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
 
+.. note::
+
+   For backward-compatibility, Pydantic v1 is still supported.
+   Passing ``pydantic.BaseSettings`` instances will work just as fine as ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings``.
+
 Loading from a dictionary
 -------------------------
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/tests.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from .application import app, container
 from .services import Service
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from .services import Service
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def client(event_loop):
-    client = AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test")
+    client = AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    )
     yield client
     event_loop.run_until_complete(client.aclose())
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/tests.py

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from fastapi_di_example import app, container, Service
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 async def client(event_loop):
-    async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    ) as client:
         yield client
 
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from giphynavigator.application import app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 @pytest.fixture
 async def client():
-    async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    ) as client:
         yield client
 
 

examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 # Emulate environment variables
 os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "KEY"
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"] = "SECRET"
 
 
 class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_prefix="aws_")
 
-    access_key_id: str = Field(env="aws_access_key_id")
+    access_key_id: str
-    secret_access_key: str = Field(env="aws_secret_access_key")
+    secret_access_key: str
 
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
-    optional: str = Field(default="default_value")
+    optional: str = "default_value"
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic_init.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 # Emulate environment variables
 os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "KEY"
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"] = "SECRET"
 
 
 class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_prefix="aws_")
 
-    access_key_id: str = Field(env="aws_access_key_id")
+    access_key_id: str
-    secret_access_key: str = Field(env="aws_secret_access_key")
+    secret_access_key: str
 
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
-    optional: str = Field(default="default_value")
+    optional: str = "default_value"
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

pyproject.toml

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ dependencies = ["six"]
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 yaml = ["pyyaml"]
 pydantic = ["pydantic"]
+pydantic2 = ["pydantic-settings"]
 flask = ["flask"]
 aiohttp = ["aiohttp"]
 

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx

@@ -48,10 +48,25 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     yaml = None
 
+has_pydantic_settings = True
+cdef bint pydantic_v1 = False
+cdef str pydantic_module = "pydantic_settings"
+cdef str pydantic_extra = "pydantic2"
+
 try:
-    import pydantic
+    from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
 except ImportError:
-    pydantic = None
+    try:
+        # pydantic-settings requires pydantic v2,
+        # so it is safe to assume that we're dealing with v1:
+        from pydantic import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
+        pydantic_v1 = True
+        pydantic_module = "pydantic"
+        pydantic_extra = "pydantic"
+    except ImportError:
+        # if it is present, ofc
+        has_pydantic_settings = False
+
 
 from .errors import (
     Error,
@@ -149,6 +164,31 @@ cdef int ASYNC_MODE_DISABLED = 2
 cdef set __iscoroutine_typecache = set()
 cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES = asyncio.coroutines._COROUTINE_TYPES if asyncio else tuple()
 
+cdef dict pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, dict kwargs):
+    if not has_pydantic_settings:
+        raise Error(
+            f"Unable to load pydantic configuration - {pydantic_module} is not installed. "
+            "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
+            f"\"pip install dependency-injector[{pydantic_extra}]\""
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(settings, CLASS_TYPES) and issubclass(settings, PydanticSettings):
+        raise Error(
+            "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
+            "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
+        )
+
+    if not isinstance(settings, PydanticSettings):
+        raise Error(
+            f"Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"{pydantic_module}.BaseSettings\", "
+            f"got {settings} instead"
+        )
+
+    if pydantic_v1:
+        return settings.dict(**kwargs)
+
+    return settings.model_dump(mode="python", **kwargs)
+
 
 cdef class Provider(object):
     """Base provider class.
@@ -1786,36 +1826,20 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
         Loaded configuration is merged recursively over existing configuration.
 
         :param settings: Pydantic settings instances.
-        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings`
+        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings` (pydantic v1) or
+            :py:class:`pydantic_settings.BaseSettings` (pydantic v2 and onwards)
 
         :param required: When required is True, raise an exception if settings dict is empty.
         :type required: bool
 
-        :param kwargs: Keyword arguments forwarded to ``pydantic.BaseSettings.dict()`` call.
+        :param kwargs: Keyword arguments forwarded to ``pydantic.BaseSettings.dict()`` or
+            ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings.model_dump()`` call (based on pydantic version).
         :type kwargs: Dict[Any, Any]
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        if pydantic is None:
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-                "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-                "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-            )
 
-        if isinstance(settings, CLASS_TYPES) and issubclass(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
+        self.from_dict(pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, kwargs), required=required)
-            raise Error(
-                "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
-                "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
-            )
-
-        if not isinstance(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-                "got {0} instead".format(settings)
-            )
-
-        self.from_dict(settings.dict(**kwargs), required=required)
 
     def from_dict(self, options, required=UNDEFINED):
         """Load configuration from the dictionary.
@@ -2355,7 +2379,8 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
         Loaded configuration is merged recursively over existing configuration.
 
         :param settings: Pydantic settings instances.
-        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings`
+        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings` (pydantic v1) or
+            :py:class:`pydantic_settings.BaseSettings` (pydantic v2 and onwards)
 
         :param required: When required is True, raise an exception if settings dict is empty.
         :type required: bool
@@ -2365,26 +2390,8 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        if pydantic is None:
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-                "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-                "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-            )
 
-        if isinstance(settings, CLASS_TYPES) and issubclass(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
+        self.from_dict(pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, kwargs), required=required)
-            raise Error(
-                "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
-                "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
-            )
-
-        if not isinstance(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-                "got {0} instead".format(settings)
-            )
-
-        self.from_dict(settings.dict(**kwargs), required=required)
 
     def from_dict(self, options, required=UNDEFINED):
         """Load configuration from the dictionary.

tests/.configs/pytest.ini

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 testpaths = tests/unit/
 python_files = test_*_py3*.py
 asyncio_mode = auto
+markers =
+    pydantic: Tests with Pydantic as a dependency
 filterwarnings =
     ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
     ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_from_pydantic_py36.py

@@ -1,41 +1,60 @@
 """Configuration.from_pydantic() tests."""
 
-import pydantic
+from pydantic import BaseModel
-from dependency_injector import providers, errors
+
+try:
+    from pydantic_settings import (
+        BaseSettings,  # type: ignore[import-not-found,unused-ignore]
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from pydantic import BaseSettings  # type: ignore[no-redef,unused-ignore]
+    except ImportError:
+
+        class BaseSettings:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            """No-op fallback"""
+
+
 from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
 
+from dependency_injector import errors, providers
 
-class Section11(pydantic.BaseModel):
+pytestmark = mark.pydantic
-    value1 = 1
 
 
-class Section12(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section11(BaseModel):
-    value2 = 2
+    value1: int = 1
 
 
-class Settings1(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+class Section12(BaseModel):
-    section1 = Section11()
+    value2: int = 2
-    section2 = Section12()
 
 
-class Section21(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Settings1(BaseSettings):
-    value1 = 11
+    section1: Section11 = Section11()
-    value11 = 11
+    section2: Section12 = Section12()
 
 
-class Section3(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section21(BaseModel):
-    value3 = 3
+    value1: int = 11
+    value11: int = 11
 
 
-class Settings2(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+class Section3(BaseModel):
-    section1 = Section21()
+    value3: int = 3
-    section3 = Section3()
+
+
+class Settings2(BaseSettings):
+    section1: Section21 = Section21()
+    section3: Section3 = Section3()
+
 
 @fixture
 def no_pydantic_module_installed():
-    providers.pydantic = None
+    has_pydantic_settings = providers.has_pydantic_settings
+    providers.has_pydantic_settings = False
     yield
-    providers.pydantic = pydantic
+    providers.has_pydantic_settings = has_pydantic_settings
 
 
 def test(config):
@@ -82,66 +101,70 @@ def test_merge(config):
 
 
 def test_empty_settings(config):
-    config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+    config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+        config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
 
 
 def test_option_empty_settings(config):
-    config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+    config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
     assert config.option() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_option_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+        config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
 
 
 def test_required_empty_settings(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=True)
+        config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=True)
 
 
 def test_required_option_empty_settings(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=True)
+        config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=True)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_not_required_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
-    config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=False)
+    config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=False)
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_not_required_option_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
-    config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=False)
+    config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=False)
     assert config.option() == {}
     assert config() == {"option": {}}
 
 
 def test_not_instance_of_settings(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic(?:_settings)?\.BaseSettings\", "
+            r"got {0} instead".format({})
+        ),
+    ):
         config.from_pydantic({})
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-        "got {0} instead".format({})
-    )
 
 
 def test_option_not_instance_of_settings(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic(?:_settings)?\.BaseSettings\", "
+            "got {0} instead".format({})
+        ),
+    ):
         config.option.from_pydantic({})
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-        "got {0} instead".format({})
-    )
 
 
 def test_subclass_instead_of_instance(config):
@@ -164,21 +187,25 @@ def test_option_subclass_instead_of_instance(config):
 
 @mark.usefixtures("no_pydantic_module_installed")
 def test_no_pydantic_installed(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic(?:_settings)? is not installed\. "
+            r"Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
+            r"\"pip install dependency-injector\[pydantic2?\]\""
+        ),
+    ):
         config.from_pydantic(Settings1())
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-        "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-        "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-    )
 
 
 @mark.usefixtures("no_pydantic_module_installed")
 def test_option_no_pydantic_installed(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic(?:_settings)? is not installed\. "
+            r"Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
+            r"\"pip install dependency-injector\[pydantic2?\]\""
+        ),
+    ):
         config.option.from_pydantic(Settings1())
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-        "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-        "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-    )

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_pydantic_settings_in_init_py36.py

@@ -1,35 +1,52 @@
 """Configuration.from_pydantic() tests."""
 
-import pydantic
+from pydantic import BaseModel
-from dependency_injector import providers
+
+try:
+    from pydantic_settings import (
+        BaseSettings,  # type: ignore[import-not-found,unused-ignore]
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from pydantic import BaseSettings  # type: ignore[no-redef,unused-ignore]
+    except ImportError:
+
+        class BaseSettings:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            """No-op fallback"""
+
+
 from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
 
+from dependency_injector import providers
 
-class Section11(pydantic.BaseModel):
+pytestmark = mark.pydantic
+
+
+class Section11(BaseModel):
     value1: int = 1
 
 
-class Section12(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section12(BaseModel):
     value2: int = 2
 
 
-class Settings1(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+class Settings1(BaseSettings):
     section1: Section11 = Section11()
     section2: Section12 = Section12()
 
 
-class Section21(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section21(BaseModel):
     value1: int = 11
     value11: int = 11
 
 
-class Section3(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section3(BaseModel):
     value3: int = 3
 
 
-class Settings2(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+class Settings2(BaseSettings):
     section1: Section21 = Section21()
-    section3: Section3= Section3()
+    section3: Section3 = Section3()
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -86,10 +103,10 @@ def test_copy(config, pydantic_settings_1, pydantic_settings_2):
 
 
 def test_set_pydantic_settings(config):
-    class Settings3(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+    class Settings3(BaseSettings):
         ...
 
-    class Settings4(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+    class Settings4(BaseSettings):
         ...
 
     settings_3 = Settings3()
@@ -100,27 +117,27 @@ def test_set_pydantic_settings(config):
 
 
 def test_file_does_not_exist(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     config.load()
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_file_does_not_exist_strict_mode(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     with raises(ValueError):
         config.load()
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 def test_required_file_does_not_exist(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     with raises(ValueError):
         config.load(required=True)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_not_required_file_does_not_exist_strict_mode(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     config.load(required=False)
     assert config() == {}

tests/unit/wiring/test_fastapi_py36.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 from pytest import fixture, mark
 from pytest_asyncio import fixture as aio_fixture
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from wiringfastapi import web
 
 @aio_fixture
 async def async_client():
-    client = AsyncClient(app=web.app, base_url="http://test")
+    client = AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=web.app), base_url="http://test")
     yield client
     await client.aclose()
 

tox.ini

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [tox]
 parallel_show_output = true
 envlist=
-    coveralls, pylint, flake8, pydocstyle, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, pypy3.9, pypy3.10
+    coveralls, pylint, flake8, pydocstyle, pydantic-v1, pydantic-v2, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, pypy3.9, pypy3.10
 
 [testenv]
 deps=
@@ -29,6 +29,27 @@ setenv =
 [testenv:.pkg]
 passenv = DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_*
 
+[testenv:pydantic-{v1,v2}]
+description = run tests with different pydantic versions
+base_python = python3.12
+deps =
+    v1: pydantic<2
+    v2: pydantic-settings
+    pytest
+    pytest-asyncio
+    -rrequirements.txt
+    typing_extensions
+    httpx
+    fastapi
+    flask<2.2
+    aiohttp<=3.9.0b1
+    numpy
+    scipy
+    boto3
+    mypy_boto3_s3
+    werkzeug<=2.2.2
+commands = pytest -c tests/.configs/pytest.ini -m pydantic
+
 [testenv:coveralls]
 passenv = GITHUB_*, COVERALLS_*, DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_*
 basepython=python3.12  # TODO: Upgrade to version 3.13 is blocked by coveralls 4.0.1 not supporting Python 3.13