From e3ea517d72cff21968f3640eb6fd94df36e884d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Roman Mogilatov <roman.mogilatov@cupid.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2015 16:34:26 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Minor ExternalDependency provider updates, Adding
 ExternalDependency provider docs

---
 docs/_providers.rst                       |  80 ---------------
 docs/images/external_dependency.png       | Bin 0 -> 15072 bytes
 docs/providers/external_dependency.rst    | 120 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/providers/index.rst                  |   1 +
 examples/providers/external_dependency.py |  78 ++++++++++++++
 objects/providers.py                      |   4 +
 tests/test_providers.py                   |   4 +-
 7 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/images/external_dependency.png
 create mode 100644 docs/providers/external_dependency.rst
 create mode 100644 examples/providers/external_dependency.py

diff --git a/docs/_providers.rst b/docs/_providers.rst
index f70a580f..7187b56c 100644
--- a/docs/_providers.rst
+++ b/docs/_providers.rst
@@ -2,86 +2,6 @@ Providers
 =========
 
 
-External dependency providers
------------------------------
-
-``ExternalDependency`` provider can be useful for development of
-self-sufficient libraries / modules / applications, that has required external
-dependencies.
-
-For example, you have created self-sufficient library / module / application,
-that has dependency on *database connection*.
-
-Second step you want to do is to make this software component to be easy
-reusable by wide amount of developers and to be easily integrated into many
-applications.
-
-It may be good idea, to move all external dependencies (like
-*database connection*)  to the top level and make them to be injected on your
-software component's initialization. It will make third party developers feel
-themselves free about integration of yours component in their applications,
-because of they would be able to find right place / right way for doing this
-in their application's architectures.
-
-On the other side,
-you can be sure, that your external dependency will be satisfied by appropriate
-instance.
-
-Example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    """External dependency providers example."""
-
-    import sqlite3
-
-    from objects.providers import Singleton
-    from objects.providers import Factory
-    from objects.providers import ExternalDependency
-
-    from objects.injections import KwArg
-    from objects.injections import Attribute
-
-
-    class ObjectA(object):
-
-        """ObjectA has dependency on database."""
-
-        def __init__(self, database):
-            """Initializer.
-
-            Database dependency need to be injected via init arg."""
-            self.database = database
-
-        def get_one(self):
-            """Select one from database and return it."""
-            return self.database.execute('SELECT 1').fetchone()[0]
-
-
-    # Database and `ObjectA` providers.
-    database = ExternalDependency(instance_of=sqlite3.Connection)
-
-    object_a_factory = Factory(ObjectA,
-                               KwArg('database', database))
-
-    # Satisfaction of external dependency.
-    database.override(Singleton(sqlite3.Connection,
-                                KwArg('database', ':memory:'),
-                                KwArg('timeout', 30),
-                                KwArg('detect_types', True),
-                                KwArg('isolation_level', 'EXCLUSIVE'),
-                                Attribute('row_factory', sqlite3.Row)))
-
-    # Creating several `ObjectA` instances.
-    object_a_1 = object_a_factory()
-    object_a_2 = object_a_factory()
-
-    # Making some asserts.
-    assert object_a_1 is not object_a_2
-    assert object_a_1.database is object_a_2.database is database()
-
-
-
 Config providers
 ----------------
 
diff --git a/docs/images/external_dependency.png b/docs/images/external_dependency.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/docs/providers/external_dependency.rst b/docs/providers/external_dependency.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebbdd800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/providers/external_dependency.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+External dependency providers
+-----------------------------
+
+``ExternalDependency`` provider can be useful for development of
+self-sufficient libraries / modules / applications that has required external
+dependencies.
+
+For example, you have created self-sufficient library / module / application,
+that has dependency on *database connection*.
+
+Second step you want to do is to make this software component to be easy
+reusable by wide amount of developers and to be easily integrated into many
+applications.
+
+It may be good idea, to move all external dependencies (like
+*database connection*) to the top level and make them to be injected on your
+software component's initialization. It will make third party developers feel
+themselves free about integration of yours component in their applications,
+because they would be able to find right place / right way for doing this
+in their application's architectures.
+
+At the same time, you can be sure, that your external dependency will be
+satisfied by appropriate instance.
+
+
+Example:
+
+
+.. note::
+
+    Class ``UserService`` is a part of some library. ``UserService`` has
+    dependency on database connection, which can be satisfied with any
+    DBAPI 2.0 database connection. Being a self-sufficient library,
+    ``UserService`` doesn't hardcode any kind of database management logic.
+    Instead of this, ``UserService`` provides external dependency, that has to
+    be satisfied out of library's scope.
+
+.. image:: /images/external_dependency.png
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    """`ExternalDependency` providers example."""
+
+    from objects.providers import ExternalDependency
+    from objects.providers import Factory
+    from objects.providers import Singleton
+
+    from objects.injections import KwArg
+    from objects.injections import Attribute
+
+    # Importing SQLITE3 and contextlib.closing for working with cursors:
+    import sqlite3
+    from contextlib import closing
+
+
+    # Definition of example UserService:
+    class UserService(object):
+
+        """Example class UserService.
+
+        UserService has dependency on DBAPI 2.0 database connection."""
+
+        def __init__(self, database):
+            """Initializer.
+
+            Database dependency need to be injected via init arg."""
+            self.database = database
+
+        def init_database(self):
+            """Initialize database, if it has not been initialized yet."""
+            with closing(self.database.cursor()) as cursor:
+                cursor.execute("""
+                  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users(
+                    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+                    name VARCHAR(32)
+                  )
+                """)
+
+        def create(self, name):
+            """Create user with provided name and return his id."""
+            with closing(self.database.cursor()) as cursor:
+                cursor.execute('INSERT INTO users(name) VALUES (?)', (name,))
+                return cursor.lastrowid
+
+        def get_by_id(self, id):
+            """Return user info by user id."""
+            with closing(self.database.cursor()) as cursor:
+                cursor.execute('SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE id=?', (id,))
+                return cursor.fetchone()
+
+
+    # Database and UserService providers:
+    database = ExternalDependency(instance_of=sqlite3.Connection)
+    users_service_factory = Factory(UserService,
+                                    KwArg('database', database))
+
+    # Out of library's scope.
+    #
+    # Setting database provider:
+    database.provided_by(Singleton(sqlite3.Connection,
+                                   KwArg('database', ':memory:'),
+                                   KwArg('timeout', 30),
+                                   KwArg('detect_types', True),
+                                   KwArg('isolation_level', 'EXCLUSIVE'),
+                                   Attribute('row_factory', sqlite3.Row)))
+
+    # Creating UserService instance:
+    users_service = users_service_factory()
+
+    # Initializing UserService database:
+    users_service.init_database()
+
+    # Creating test user and retrieving full information about him:
+    test_user_id = users_service.create(name='test_user')
+    test_user = users_service.get_by_id(test_user_id)
+
+    # Making some asserts:
+    assert test_user['id'] == 1
+    assert test_user['name'] == 'test_user'
+
diff --git a/docs/providers/index.rst b/docs/providers/index.rst
index 7bb0970f..8815ba0e 100644
--- a/docs/providers/index.rst
+++ b/docs/providers/index.rst
@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ All providers are callable. They describe how particular objects are provided.
     singleton
     static
     callable
+    external_dependency
diff --git a/examples/providers/external_dependency.py b/examples/providers/external_dependency.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4b3ef04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/providers/external_dependency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""`ExternalDependency` providers example."""
+
+from objects.providers import ExternalDependency
+from objects.providers import Factory
+from objects.providers import Singleton
+
+from objects.injections import KwArg
+from objects.injections import Attribute
+
+# Importing SQLITE3 and contextlib.closing for working with cursors:
+import sqlite3
+from contextlib import closing
+
+
+# Definition of example UserService:
+class UserService(object):
+
+    """Example class UserService.
+
+    UserService has dependency on DBAPI 2.0 database connection."""
+
+    def __init__(self, database):
+        """Initializer.
+
+        Database dependency need to be injected via init arg."""
+        self.database = database
+
+    def init_database(self):
+        """Initialize database, if it has not been initialized yet."""
+        with closing(self.database.cursor()) as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("""
+              CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users(
+                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+                name VARCHAR(32)
+              )
+            """)
+
+    def create(self, name):
+        """Create user with provided name and return his id."""
+        with closing(self.database.cursor()) as cursor:
+            cursor.execute('INSERT INTO users(name) VALUES (?)', (name,))
+            return cursor.lastrowid
+
+    def get_by_id(self, id):
+        """Return user info by user id."""
+        with closing(self.database.cursor()) as cursor:
+            cursor.execute('SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE id=?', (id,))
+            return cursor.fetchone()
+
+
+# Database and UserService providers:
+database = ExternalDependency(instance_of=sqlite3.Connection)
+users_service_factory = Factory(UserService,
+                                KwArg('database', database))
+
+# Out of library's scope.
+#
+# Setting database provider:
+database.provided_by(Singleton(sqlite3.Connection,
+                               KwArg('database', ':memory:'),
+                               KwArg('timeout', 30),
+                               KwArg('detect_types', True),
+                               KwArg('isolation_level', 'EXCLUSIVE'),
+                               Attribute('row_factory', sqlite3.Row)))
+
+# Creating UserService instance:
+users_service = users_service_factory()
+
+# Initializing UserService database:
+users_service.init_database()
+
+# Creating test user and retrieving full information about him:
+test_user_id = users_service.create(name='test_user')
+test_user = users_service.get_by_id(test_user_id)
+
+# Making some asserts:
+assert test_user['id'] == 1
+assert test_user['name'] == 'test_user'
diff --git a/objects/providers.py b/objects/providers.py
index a8fd9ea9..b7b4229f 100644
--- a/objects/providers.py
+++ b/objects/providers.py
@@ -189,6 +189,10 @@ class ExternalDependency(Provider):
 
         return instance
 
+    def provided_by(self, provider):
+        """Set external dependency provider."""
+        return self.override(provider)
+
 
 class _StaticProvider(Provider):
 
diff --git a/tests/test_providers.py b/tests/test_providers.py
index 0dc37ee7..26bddfa4 100644
--- a/tests/test_providers.py
+++ b/tests/test_providers.py
@@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ class ExternalDependencyTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_call_overridden(self):
         """Test call of overridden external dependency."""
-        self.provider.override(Factory(list))
+        self.provider.provided_by(Factory(list))
         self.assertIsInstance(self.provider(), list)
 
     def test_call_overridden_but_not_instance_of(self):
         """Test call of overridden external dependency, but not instance of."""
-        self.provider.override(Factory(dict))
+        self.provider.provided_by(Factory(dict))
         self.assertRaises(Error, self.provider)
 
     def test_call_not_overridden(self):