Readme update (#263)

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2024-11-22 09:36:48 +03:00 · 2020-07-11 12:15:00 -04:00 · 2020-07-11 12:15:00 -04:00 · fa469618dd
commit fa469618dd
parent f4c713fc22
27 changed files with 2141 additions and 1771 deletions
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@ -1,28 +1,48 @@
 .. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/logo.svg
   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 | 
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Latest Version
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: License
-.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
+
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Supported Python versions
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/implementation/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Supported Python implementations
 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/month
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/week
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/wheel/dependency-injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Wheel
 .. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
   :alt: Build Status
 .. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/python-dependency-injector/badge/?version=latest
   :target: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
   :alt: Docs Status
 .. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/badge.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://coveralls.io/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector?branch=master
   :alt: Coverage Status
@ -30,370 +50,100 @@
 What is ``Dependency Injector``?
 ================================
-``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection microframework for Python.
+``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
 It was designed to be a unified and developer-friendly tool that helps
 implement a dependency injection design pattern in a formal, pretty, and
 Pythonic way.
-The key features of the *Dependency Injector* framework are:
+Why do I need it?
 =================
-+ Easy, smart, and pythonic style.
+``Dependency Injector`` helps you improve application structure.
 + Obvious and clear structure.
 + Extensibility and flexibility.
 + High performance.
 + Memory efficiency.
 + Thread safety.
 + Documented.
 + Semantically versioned.
-*Dependency Injector* containers and providers are implemented as C extension 
+With the ``Dependency Injector`` you keep **application structure in one place**.
-types using Cython.
+This place is called **the container**. You use the container to manage all the components of the application. All the component dependencies are defined explicitly. This provides the control on the application structure. It is **easy to understand and change** it.
 .. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-map.svg
   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 *The container is like a map of your application. You always know what depends on what.*
 ``Flask`` + ``Dependency Injector`` example:
 .. code-block:: python
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
    from dependency_injector.ext import flask
    from github import Github
    from . import services, views
-Installation
+    class Application(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
------------
+        """Application container."""
-The *Dependency Injector* library is available on `PyPi`_::
+        config = providers.Configuration()
        github_client = providers.Factory(
            Github,
            login_or_token=config.github.auth_token,
            timeout=config.github.request_timeout,
        )
        search_service = providers.Factory(
            services.SearchService,
            github_client=github_client,
        )
        index_view = providers.Callable(
            views.index,
            search_service=search_service,
            default_search_term=config.search.default_term,
            default_search_limit=config.search.default_limit,
        )
        app = providers.Factory(
            flask.create_app,
            name=__name__,
            routes=[
                flask.Route('/', view_provider=index_view),
            ],
        )
 See complete example here - `Flask + Dependency Injector Example <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask>`_
 How to install?
 ---------------
 - The package is available on the `PyPi`_::
    pip install dependency-injector
-Documentation
+Where is the docs?
 -------------
 The *Dependency Injector* documentation is hosted on ReadTheDocs:
 - `User's guide`_
 - `API docs`_
 Dependency injection
 --------------------
 `Dependency injection`_ is a software design pattern that implements 
 `Inversion of control`_ to resolve dependencies. Formally, if object **A** 
 depends on object **B**, object **A** must not create or import object **B** 
 directly. Instead of this object **A** must provide a way to *inject* 
 object **B**. The responsibilities of objects creation and dependency
 injection are delegated to external code - the *dependency injector*. 
 Popular terminology of the dependency injection pattern:
 + Object **A**, which depends on object **B**, is often called - 
  the *client*.
 + Object **B**, which is depended on, is often called - the *service*.
 + External code that is responsible for creation of objects and injection 
  of dependencies is often called - the *dependency injector*.
 There are several ways to inject a *service* into a *client*: 
 + by passing it as an ``__init__`` argument (constructor / initializer
  injection)
 + by setting it as an attribute's value (attribute injection)
 + by passing it as a method's argument (method injection)
 The dependency injection pattern has few strict rules that should be followed:
 + The *client* delegates to the *dependency injector* the responsibility 
  of injecting its dependencies - the *service(s)*.
 + The *client* doesn't know how to create the *service*, it knows only 
  the interface of the *service*. The *service* doesn't know that it is used by 
  the *client*.
 + The *dependency injector* knows how to create the *client* and 
  the *service*. It also knows that the *client* depends on the *service*, 
  and knows how to inject the *service* into the *client*.
 + The *client* and the *service* know nothing about the *dependency injector*.
 The dependency injection pattern provides the following advantages: 
 + Control of application structure.
 + Decreased coupling of application components.
 + Increased code reusability.
 + Increased testability.
 + Increased maintainability.
 + Reconfiguration of a system without rebuilding.
 Example of dependency injection
 -------------------------------
 Let's go through next example:
 .. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/engines_cars/diagram.png
    :width: 100%
    :align: center
 Listing of ``example.engines`` module:
 .. code-block:: python
    """Dependency injection example, engines module."""
    class Engine:
        """Example engine base class.
        Engine is a heart of every car. Engine is a very common term and could be
        implemented in very different ways.
        """
    class GasolineEngine(Engine):
        """Gasoline engine."""
    class DieselEngine(Engine):
        """Diesel engine."""
    class ElectricEngine(Engine):
        """Electric engine."""
 Listing of ``example.cars`` module:
 .. code-block:: python
    """Dependency injection example, cars module."""
    class Car:
        """Example car."""
        def __init__(self, engine):
            """Initializer."""
            self._engine = engine  # Engine is injected
 The next example demonstrates the creation of several cars with different engines:
 .. code-block:: python
    """Dependency injection example, Cars & Engines."""
    import example.cars
    import example.engines
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        gasoline_car = example.cars.Car(example.engines.GasolineEngine())
        diesel_car = example.cars.Car(example.engines.DieselEngine())
        electric_car = example.cars.Car(example.engines.ElectricEngine())
 While the previous example demonstrates the advantages of dependency injection,
 there is a disadvantage demonstrated as well - the creation of a car requires 
 additional code to specify its dependencies. However, this disadvantage
 could be avoided by using a dependency injection framework for the creation of 
 an inversion of control container (IoC container).
 Here's an example of the creation of several inversion of control containers
 (IoC containers) using *Dependency Injector*:
 .. code-block:: python
    """Dependency injection example, Cars & Engines IoC containers."""
    import example.cars
    import example.engines
    import dependency_injector.containers as containers
    import dependency_injector.providers as providers
    class Engines(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
        """IoC container of engine providers."""
        gasoline = providers.Factory(example.engines.GasolineEngine)
        diesel = providers.Factory(example.engines.DieselEngine)
        electric = providers.Factory(example.engines.ElectricEngine)
    class Cars(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
        """IoC container of car providers."""
        gasoline = providers.Factory(example.cars.Car,
                                     engine=Engines.gasoline)
        diesel = providers.Factory(example.cars.Car,
                                   engine=Engines.diesel)
        electric = providers.Factory(example.cars.Car,
                                     engine=Engines.electric)
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        gasoline_car = Cars.gasoline()
        diesel_car = Cars.diesel()
        electric_car = Cars.electric()
 Dependency Injector structure
 -----------------------------
 *Dependency Injector* is a microframework and has a simple structure.
 There are two main entities: providers and containers.
 .. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/internals.png
    :width: 100%
    :align: center
 Providers
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Providers describe strategies of accessing objects. They define how particular 
 objects are provided.
 - **Provider** - base provider class.
 - **Callable** - provider that calls a wrapped callable on every call. Supports 
  positional and keyword argument injections.
 - **Factory** - provider that creates new instance of specified class on every 
  call. Supports positional and keyword argument injections, as well as 
  attribute injections.
 - **Singleton** - provider that creates new instance of specified class on its
  first call and returns the same instance on every next call. Supports
  position and keyword argument injections, as well as attribute injections.
 - **Object** - provider that returns provided instance "as is".
 - **ExternalDependency** - provider that can be useful for development of 
  self-sufficient libraries, modules, and applications that require external
  dependencies.
 - **Configuration** - provider that helps with implementing late static binding 
  of configuration options - use first, define later.
 Containers
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 Containers are collections of providers. The main purpose of containers is to 
 group providers.
 - **DeclarativeContainer** - is an inversion of control container that can be 
  defined in a declarative manner. It covers most of the cases where a list of
  providers that is be included in a container is deterministic 
  (that means the container will not change its structure in runtime).
 - **DynamicContainer** - is an inversion of control container with a dynamic 
  structure. It covers most of the cases where a  list of providers that 
  would be included in container is non-deterministic and depends on  the
  application's flow or its configuration (container's structure could be 
  determined just after the application starts and might perform some initial 
  work, like parsing a list of container providers from a configuration).
 Dependency Injector in action
 -----------------------------
 The brief example below is a simplified version of inversion of control 
 containers from a real-life application. The example demonstrates the usage
 of *Dependency Injector* inversion of control container and  providers for
 specifying application components and their dependencies on each other in one
 module. Besides other previously mentioned advantages, it shows a great
 opportunity to control and manage application's structure in one place.
 .. code-block:: python
    """Example of dependency injection in Python."""
    import logging
    import sqlite3
    import boto3
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
    from example import services, main
    class IocContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
        """Application IoC container."""
        config = providers.Configuration('config')
        logger = providers.Singleton(logging.Logger, name='example')
        # Gateways
        database_client = providers.Singleton(sqlite3.connect, config.database.dsn)
        s3_client = providers.Singleton(
            boto3.client, 's3',
            aws_access_key_id=config.aws.access_key_id,
            aws_secret_access_key=config.aws.secret_access_key,
        )
        # Services
        users_service = providers.Factory(
            services.UsersService,
            db=database_client,
            logger=logger,
        )
        auth_service = providers.Factory(
            services.AuthService,
            token_ttl=config.auth.token_ttl,
            db=database_client,
            logger=logger,
        )
        photos_service = providers.Factory(
            services.PhotosService,
            db=database_client,
            s3=s3_client,
            logger=logger,
        )
        # Misc
        main = providers.Callable(
            main.main,
            users_service=users_service,
            auth_service=auth_service,
            photos_service=photos_service,
        )
 The next example demonstrates a run of the example application defined above:
 .. code-block:: python
    """Run example of dependency injection in Python."""
    import sys
    import logging
    from container import IocContainer
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # Configure container:
        container = IocContainer(
            config={
                'database': {
                    'dsn': ':memory:',
                },
                'aws': {
                    'access_key_id': 'KEY',
                    'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
                },
                'auth': {
                    'token_ttl': 3600,
                },
            }
        )
        container.logger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout))
        # Run application:
        container.main(*sys.argv[1:])
 You can find more *Dependency Injector* examples in the ``/examples`` directory
 on our GitHub:
    https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 Feedback & Support
 ------------------
-Feel free to post questions, bugs, feature requests, proposals, etc. on
+- The documentation is available on the `Read The Docs <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_
 the *Dependency Injector*  GitHub issues page:
-    https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues
+Have a question?
 ----------------
-Your feedback is quite important!
+- Open a `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_
 Found a bug?
 ------------
 - Open a `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_
 Want to help?
 -------------
 - ⭐️ Star the ``Dependency Injector`` on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/>`_
 - 🆕 Start a new project with the ``Dependency Injector``
 - 💬 Tell your friend about the ``Dependency Injector``
-.. _Dependency injection: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection
+Want to contribute?
-.. _Inversion of control: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_of_control
+-------------------
 - 🔀 Fork the project
 - ⬅️ Open a pull request to the ``develop`` branch
 .. _PyPi: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
 .. _User's guide: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
 .. _API docs: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/api/
--- a/docs/api/flaskext.rst
+++ b/docs/api/flaskext.rst
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 ``dependency_injector.ext.flask``
 ---------------------------------
 .. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.flask
   :members:
   :special-members:
 .. disqus::
--- a/docs/api/index.rst
+++ b/docs/api/index.rst
@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ API Documentation
    providers
    containers
    errors
    flaskext
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-======================================================================
+=================================================================
-Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection microframework for Python
+Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
-======================================================================
+=================================================================
 .. meta::
   :google-site-verification: 6it89zX0_wccKEhAqbAiYQooS95f0BA8YfesHk6bsNA
@ -22,24 +22,43 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection microframework for Python
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Latest Version
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: License
-.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
+
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Supported Python versions
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/implementation/dependency_injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Supported Python implementations
 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/month
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/week
   :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
   :alt: Downloads
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/wheel/dependency-injector.svg
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
   :alt: Wheel
 .. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
   :alt: Build Status
 .. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/python-dependency-injector/badge/?version=latest
   :target: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
   :alt: Docs Status
 .. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/badge.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://coveralls.io/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector?branch=master
   :alt: Coverage Status
--- a/docs/main/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/main/changelog.rst
@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ that were made in every particular version.
 From version 0.7.6 *Dependency Injector* framework strictly 
 follows `Semantic versioning`_
 Development version
 -------------------
 - Add ``Flask`` integration module ``dependency_injector.flask.ext``.
 - Add ``Flask`` + ``Dependency Injector`` example ``ghnav-flask``.
 - Add ``Factory.provides`` attribute. It is an alias to the ``Factory.cls``.
 - New README.
 3.19.2
 ------
 - Add logo.
--- a/examples/.pydocstylerc
+++ b/examples/.pydocstylerc
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [pydocstyle]
-ignore = D101,D203,D213
+ignore = D101,D103,D107,D203,D213
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/README.rst
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/README.rst
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
 Flask Dependency Injection Example
 ==================================
 Application ``githubnavigator`` is a `Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/>`_ +
 `Dependency Injector <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_ application.
 Run
 ---
 Install requirements:
 .. code-block:: bash
    pip install -r requirements.txt
 To run the application do:
 .. code-block:: bash
    export FLASK_APP=githubnavigator.entrypoint
    export FLASK_ENV=development
    flask run
 The output should be something like:
 .. code-block::
    * Serving Flask app "githubnavigator.entrypoint" (lazy loading)
    * Environment: development
    * Debug mode: on
    * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    * Restarting with fsevents reloader
    * Debugger is active!
    * Debugger PIN: 473-587-859
 After that visit http://127.0.0.1:5000/ in your browser.
 .. note::
   Github has a rate limit. When thre rate limit is exceed you will see an exception
   ``github.GithubException.RateLimitExceededException``. For unauthenticated requests, the rate
   limit allows for up to 60 requests per hour. To extend the limit to 5000 requests per hour you
   need to set personal access token.
   It's easy:
   - Follow this `guide <https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/creating-a-personal-access-token>`_ to create a token.
   - Set a token to the environment variable:
   .. code-block:: bash
      export GITHUB_TOKEN=<your token>
   - Restart the app with ``flask run``
   `Read more on Github rate limit <https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting>`_
 Test
 ----
 This application comes with unit tests.
 To run the tests do:
 .. code-block:: bash
   py.test githubnavigator/tests.py --cov=githubnavigator
 The output should be something like:
 .. code-block::
   platform darwin -- Python 3.8.3, pytest-5.4.3, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
   plugins: flask-1.0.0, cov-2.10.0, asyncio-0.14.0
   collected 2 items
   githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]
   ---------- coverage: platform darwin, python 3.8.3-final-0 -----------
   Name                             Stmts   Miss  Cover
   ----------------------------------------------------
   githubnavigator/__init__.py          0      0   100%
   githubnavigator/application.py      10      0   100%
   githubnavigator/entrypoint.py        5      5     0%
   githubnavigator/services.py         13      0   100%
   githubnavigator/tests.py            38      0   100%
   githubnavigator/views.py             7      0   100%
   ----------------------------------------------------
   TOTAL                               73      5    93%
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/config.yml
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/config.yml
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 github:
  request_timeout: 10
 search:
  default_term: "Dependency Injector"
  default_limit: 5
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/init.py
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/init.py
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 """Top-level package."""
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/application.py
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/application.py
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
 """Application module."""
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.ext import flask
 from github import Github
 from . import services, views
 class Application(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
    """Application container."""
    config = providers.Configuration()
    github_client = providers.Factory(
        Github,
        login_or_token=config.github.auth_token,
        timeout=config.github.request_timeout,
    )
    search_service = providers.Factory(
        services.SearchService,
        github_client=github_client,
    )
    index_view = providers.Callable(
        views.index,
        search_service=search_service,
        default_search_term=config.search.default_term,
        default_search_limit=config.search.default_limit,
    )
    app = providers.Factory(
        flask.create_app,
        name=__name__,
        routes=[
            flask.Route('/', view_provider=index_view),
        ],
    )
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/entrypoint.py
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/entrypoint.py
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 """Entrypoint module."""
 from .application import Application
 application = Application()
 application.config.from_yaml('config.yml')
 application.config.github.auth_token.from_env('GITHUB_TOKEN')
 app = application.app()
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/services.py
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/services.py
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
 """Services module."""
 from github import Github
 from github.Repository import Repository
 from github.Commit import Commit
 class SearchService:
    """Search service performs search on Github."""
    def __init__(self, github_client: Github):
        self._github_client = github_client
    def search_repositories(self, term, limit):
        """Search for repositories and return formatted data."""
        repositories = self._github_client.search_repositories(term, **{'in': 'name'})
        return [
            self._format_repo(repository)
            for repository in repositories[:limit]
        ]
    def _format_repo(self, repository: Repository):
        return {
            'url': repository.html_url,
            'name': repository.name,
            'owner': {
                'login': repository.owner.login,
                'url': repository.owner.html_url,
                'avatar_url': repository.owner.avatar_url,
            },
            'created_at': repository.created_at,
            'latest_commit': self._format_commit(repository.get_commits()[0]),
        }
    def _format_commit(self, commit: Commit):
        return {
            'sha': commit.sha,
            'url': commit.html_url,
            'message': commit.commit.message,
            'author_name': commit.commit.author.name,
        }
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/templates/index.html
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/templates/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
    <title>Github Navigator</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>Github Navigator</h1>
 <form method="get">
    <p>
        Search term: <input type="text" name="search_term" value="{{ search_term if search_term }}">
        Limit: <input type="text" name="limit" value="{{ limit }}">
        <input type="submit">
    </p>
 </form>
 <h2>Search results</h2>
 {% if repositories|length == 0 %}
 <small>No search results</small>
 {% endif %}
 {% for repository in repositories %} {{n}}
 <p>
    <small>Search result # {{ loop.index }} from {{ repositories|length }}</small>
 </p>
 <p>
    Repository: <a href="{{ repository.url }}">{{ repository.name }}</a>
 </p>
 <p>
    Repository owner:
    <a href="{{ repository.owner.url }}"><img src="{{ repository.owner.avatar_url }}" alt="avatar" height="24" width="24"/></a>
    <a href="{{ repository.owner.url }}">{{ repository.owner.login }}</a>
 </p>
 <p>
    Created at: {{ repository.created_at }}
 </p>
 <p>
    LastCommit: <a href="{{ repository.latest_commit.url }}">{{ repository.latest_commit.sha }}</a> {{ repository.latest_commit['message'] }} {{ repository.latest_commit.author_name }}
 </p>
 <hr/>
 {% endfor %}
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/tests.py
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/tests.py
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
 """Tests module."""
 from unittest import mock
 import pytest
 from github import Github
 from flask import url_for
 from .application import Application
@pytest.fixture
 def application():
    application = Application()
    application.config.from_dict(
        {
            'github': {
                'auth_token': 'test-token',
                'request_timeout': 10,
            },
            'search': {
                'default_term': 'Dependency Injector',
                'default_limit': 5,
            },
        }
    )
    return application
@pytest.fixture()
 def app(application: Application):
    return application.app()
 def test_index(client, application: Application):
    github_client_mock = mock.Mock(spec=Github)
    github_client_mock.search_repositories.return_value = [
        mock.Mock(
            html_url='repo1-url',
            name='repo1-name',
            owner=mock.Mock(
                login='owner1-login',
                html_url='owner1-url',
                avatar_url='owner1-avatar-url',
            ),
            created_at='repo1-created-at',
            get_commits=mock.Mock(return_value=[mock.Mock()]),
        ),
        mock.Mock(
            html_url='repo2-url',
            name='repo2-name',
            owner=mock.Mock(
                login='owner2-login',
                html_url='owner2-url',
                avatar_url='owner2-avatar-url',
            ),
            created_at='repo2-created-at',
            get_commits=mock.Mock(return_value=[mock.Mock()]),
        ),
    ]
    with application.github_client.override(github_client_mock):
        response = client.get(url_for('index'))
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert b'repo1-url' in response.data
    assert b'repo1-name' in response.data
    assert b'owner1-login' in response.data
    assert b'owner1-url' in response.data
    assert b'owner1-avatar-url' in response.data
    assert b'repo1-created-at' in response.data
    assert b'repo2-url' in response.data
    assert b'repo2-name' in response.data
    assert b'owner2-login' in response.data
    assert b'owner2-url' in response.data
    assert b'owner2-avatar-url' in response.data
    assert b'repo2-created-at' in response.data
 def test_index_no_results(client, application: Application):
    github_client_mock = mock.Mock(spec=Github)
    github_client_mock.search_repositories.return_value = []
    with application.github_client.override(github_client_mock):
        response = client.get(url_for('index'))
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert b'No search results' in response.data
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/views.py
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/githubnavigator/views.py
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 """Views module."""
 from flask import request, render_template
 from .services import SearchService
 def index(search_service: SearchService, default_search_term, default_search_limit):
    search_term = request.args.get('search_term', default_search_term)
    limit = request.args.get('limit', default_search_limit, int)
    repositories = search_service.search_repositories(search_term, limit)
    return render_template(
        'index.html',
        search_term=search_term,
        limit=limit,
        repositories=repositories,
    )
--- a/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/requirements.txt
+++ b/examples/miniapps/ghnav-flask/requirements.txt
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 dependency-injector[flask,yaml]
 pygithub
 pytest-flask
 pytest-cov
--- a/requirements-dev.txt
+++ b/requirements-dev.txt
@ -6,3 +6,5 @@ flake8
 pydocstyle
 sphinx_autobuild
 pip
 -r requirements-ext.txt
--- a/requirements-doc.txt
+++ b/requirements-doc.txt
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 sphinx
 sphinx_rtd_theme>=0.2.5b2
 -e git://github.com/rmk135/sphinxcontrib-disqus.git#egg=sphinxcontrib-disqus
 -r requirements-ext.txt
--- a/requirements-ext.txt
+++ b/requirements-ext.txt
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 flask
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ setup(name='dependency-injector',
      download_url='https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector',
      packages=[
          'dependency_injector',
          'dependency_injector.ext',
      ],
      package_dir={
          '': 'src',
@ -63,6 +64,9 @@ setup(name='dependency-injector',
          'yaml': [
              'pyyaml',
          ],
          'flask': [
              'flask',
          ],
      },
      zip_safe=True,
      license='BSD New',
@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ setup(name='dependency-injector',
          'Factory',
          'Singleton',
          'Design patterns',
          'Flask',
      ],
      classifiers=[
          'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
--- a/src/dependency_injector/ext/init.py
+++ b/src/dependency_injector/ext/init.py
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 """Extensions package."""
--- a/src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.py
+++ b/src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.py
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
 """Flask extension module."""
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from flask import Flask
 from dependency_injector import providers, errors
 def create_app(name, routes, **kwargs):
    """Create Flask app and add routes."""
    app = Flask(name, **kwargs)
    for route in routes:
        app.add_url_rule(*route.args, **route.options)
    return app
 def as_view(provider, name=None):
    """Transform class-based view provider to view function."""
    if isinstance(provider, providers.Factory):
        def view(*args, **kwargs):
            self = provider()
            return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
        assert name, 'Argument "endpoint" is required for class-based views'
        view.__name__ = name
    elif isinstance(provider, providers.Callable):
        def view(*args, **kwargs):
            return provider(*args, **kwargs)
        view.__name__ = provider.provides.__name__
    else:
        raise errors.Error('Undefined provider type')
    view.__doc__ = provider.provides.__doc__
    view.__module__ = provider.provides.__module__
    if isinstance(provider.provides, type):
        view.view_class = provider.provides
    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'decorators'):
        for decorator in provider.provides.decorators:
            view = decorator(view)
    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'methods'):
        view.methods = provider.provides.methods
    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'provide_automatic_options'):
        view.provide_automatic_options = provider.provides.provide_automatic_options
    return view
 class Route:
    """Route is a glue for Dependency Injector providers and Flask views."""
    def __init__(
            self,
            rule,
            endpoint=None,
            view_provider=None,
            provide_automatic_options=None,
            **options):
        """Initialize route."""
        self.view_provider = view_provider
        self.args = (rule, endpoint, as_view(view_provider, endpoint), provide_automatic_options)
        self.options = options
    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        """Create and return full copy of provider."""
        copied = memo.get(id(self))
        if copied is not None:
            return copied
        rule, endpoint, _, provide_automatic_options = self.args
        view_provider = providers.deepcopy(self.view_provider, memo)
        return self.__class__(
            rule,
            endpoint,
            view_provider,
            provide_automatic_options,
            **self.options)
--- a/src/dependency_injector/providers.c
+++ b/src/dependency_injector/providers.c
--- a/src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx
+++ b/src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx
@ -1405,6 +1405,11 @@ cdef class Factory(Provider):
    @property
    def cls(self):
        """Return provided type."""
        return self.provides
    @property
    def provides(self):
        """Return provided type."""
        return self.__instantiator.provides
--- a/tests/unit/ext/init.py
+++ b/tests/unit/ext/init.py
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 """Dependency injector extension unit tests."""
--- a/tests/unit/ext/test_flask_py2_py3.py
+++ b/tests/unit/ext/test_flask_py2_py3.py
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
 """Dependency injector Flask extension unit tests."""
 import unittest2 as unittest
 from flask import url_for
 from flask.views import MethodView
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.ext import flask
 def index():
    return 'Hello World!'
 def test():
    return 'Test!'
 class Test(MethodView):
    def get(self):
        return 'Test class-based!'
 class Application(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
    index_view = providers.Callable(index)
    test_view = providers.Callable(test)
    test_class_view = providers.Factory(Test)
    app = providers.Factory(
        flask.create_app,
        name=__name__,
        routes=[
            flask.Route('/', view_provider=index_view),
            flask.Route('/test', 'test-test', test_view),
            flask.Route('/test-class', 'test-class', test_class_view)
        ],
    )
 class ApplicationTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        application = Application()
        self.app = application.app()
        self.app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'test-server.com'
        self.client = self.app.test_client()
        self.client.__enter__()
    def tearDown(self):
        self.client.__exit__(None, None, None)
    def test_index(self):
        response = self.client.get('/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, b'Hello World!')
    def test_test(self):
        response = self.client.get('/test')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, b'Test!')
    def test_test_class_based(self):
        response = self.client.get('/test-class')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, b'Test class-based!')
    def test_endpoints(self):
        with self.app.app_context():
            self.assertEqual(url_for('index'), 'http://test-server.com/')
            self.assertEqual(url_for('test-test'), 'http://test-server.com/test')
            self.assertEqual(url_for('test-class'), 'http://test-server.com/test-class')
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ deps=
    unittest2
 extras=
    yaml
    flask
 commands=
    unit2 discover -s tests/unit -p test_*_py3.py
@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ commands=
 [testenv:py34]
 extras=
    flask
 [testenv:pypy]
 commands=
`@ -1,2 +1,2 @@`
	`[pydocstyle]`	`[pydocstyle]`
	`ignore = D101,D203,D213`	`ignore = D101,D103,D107,D203,D213`
		`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`"""Dependency injector extension unit tests."""`