Merge branch 'release/4.48.1'

* Remove KWPair
* Avoid type checks around _is_injectable

.coveragerc

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[run]
-source = dependency_injector
-omit = tests/unit
-plugins = Cython.Coverage
-
-[report]
-show_missing = true
-
-[html]
-directory=reports/unittests/

.cursor/rules/coding-guide.mdc

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+description: Code in Python and Cython
+globs:
+alwaysApply: false
+---
+- Follow PEP 8 rules
+- When you write imports, split system, 3rd-party, and local imports with a new line
+- Have two empty lines between the import block and the rest of the code
+- Have an empty line (\n) at the end of every file
+- If a file is supposed to be run, always add ``if __name__ == 'main'``
+- Always follow a consistent pattern of using double or single quotes
+- When there is a class without a docblock, leave one blank line before its members, e.g.:
+```python
+class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+
+    service = providers.Factory(Service)
+```
+
+- Avoid shortcuts in names unless absolutely necessary, exceptions:
+```
+arg
+args
+kwarg
+kwargs
+obj
+cls
+```
+
+- Avoid inline comments unless absolutely necessary

.cursor/rules/makefile-commands.mdc

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+description: Build and run tests
+globs:
+alwaysApply: false
+---
+- Use Makefile commands to build, test, lint and other similar operations when they are available.
+- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.cursor/rules/run-examples.mdc

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+description: Run examples
+globs:
+alwaysApply: false
+---
+- When you run an example from the ``examples/`` folder, switch to the example folder and run it from there.
+- If there are instructions on running the examples or its tests in readme, follow them
+- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+[*.{py,pyi,pxd,pyx}]
+ij_visual_guides = 80,88

.github/workflows/publishing.yml

@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ jobs:
 
   tests:
     name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
       - run: pip install tox
       - run: tox
         env:
-          TOXENV: 3.12
+          TOXENV: 3.13
 
   linters:
     name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
         toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
       - run: pip install tox
       - run: tox
         env:
@@ -40,17 +40,18 @@ jobs:
   build-sdist:
     name: Build source tarball
     needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
       - run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
+          python -m pip install --upgrade build
-          python setup.py sdist
+          python -m build --sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-sdist
           path: ./dist/*
 
   build-wheels:
@@ -59,62 +60,63 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-2019, macos-14]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2022, macos-14]
     env:
-      CIBW_SKIP: cp27-* cp313-*
+      CIBW_ENABLE: pypy
+      CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
+        PIP_CONFIG_SETTINGS="build_ext=-j4"
+        DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API="1"
+        CFLAGS="-g0"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.0.0
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
-  build-wheels-linux-aarch64:
+  test-publish:
-    name: Build wheels (ubuntu-22.04-aarch64)
+    name: Upload release to TestPyPI
-    needs: [tests, linters]
+    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
+    environment: test-pypi
-      CIBW_SKIP: cp27-* cp313-*
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
-        env:
-          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: aarch64
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+          pattern: cibw-*
-
-  publish:
-    name: Publish on PyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, build-wheels-linux-aarch64]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: artifact
           path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
       - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
-          user: __token__
+          repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
-          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
+
-#           For publishing to Test PyPI, uncomment next two lines:
+  publish:
-#          password: ${{ secrets.TEST_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
+    name: Upload release to PyPI
-#          repository_url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, test-publish]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: pypi
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: cibw-*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
 
   publish-docs:
     name: Publish docs
     needs: [publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
       - run: pip install awscli
       - run: pip install -r requirements-doc.txt
       - run: pip install -e .

.github/workflows/tests-and-linters.yml

@@ -4,28 +4,12 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
 jobs:
 
-  tests-on-legacy-versions:
-    name: Run tests on legacy versions
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: [3.7]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
   test-on-different-versions:
     name: Run tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: [3.8, 3.9, "3.10", 3.11, 3.12]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
@@ -34,14 +18,26 @@ jobs:
       - run: pip install tox
       - run: tox
         env:
+          DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API: 1
           TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
+  test-different-pydantic-versions:
+    name: Run tests with different pydantic versions
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+      - run: pip install tox
+      - run: tox -e pydantic-v1,pydantic-v2
+
   test-coverage:
     name: Run tests with coverage
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
-      # Cython's version <3 issue with tracing: "error: no member named 'use_tracing' in 'struct _PyCFrame'"
+      DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE: 1
-      # DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE: 1
+      PIP_VERBOSE: 1
       COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
       GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
@@ -49,9 +45,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
-      - run: pip install tox cython==0.29.37
+      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: make cythonize
+      - run: tox -vv
-      - run: tox
         env:
           TOXENV: coveralls
 
@@ -65,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
       - run: pip install tox
       - run: tox
         env:

.gitignore

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
+wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
@@ -63,13 +64,11 @@ venv*/
 # Vim Rope
 .ropeproject/
 
-# C extensions
+# Cython artifacts
-src/dependency_injector/*.h
+src/**/*.c
-src/dependency_injector/*.so
+src/**/*.h
-src/dependency_injector/containers/*.h
+src/**/*.so
-src/dependency_injector/containers/*.so
+src/**/*.html
-src/dependency_injector/providers/*.h
-src/dependency_injector/providers/*.so
 
 # Workspace for samples
 .workspace/

.pylintrc

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-[MASTER]
-
-# Add <file or directory> to the black list. It should be a base name, not a
-# path. You may set this option multiple times.
-ignore=utils,tests
-
-[MESSAGES CONTROL]
-
-# Disable the message(s) with the given id(s).
-# disable-msg=
-
-[SIMILARITIES]
-
-# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
-min-similarity-lines=5
-
-[TYPECHECK]
-ignore-mixin-members=yes
-# ignored-classes=
-zope=no
-# generated-members=providedBy,implementedBy,rawDataReceived
-
-[DESIGN]
-# Maximum number of arguments for function / method
-max-args=10
-
-# Maximum number of locals for function / method body
-max-locals=20
-
-# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body
-max-returns=10
-
-# Maximum number of branch for function / method body
-max-branchs=10
-
-# Maximum number of statements in function / method body
-max-statements=60
-
-# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).
-max-parents=10
-
-# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).
-max-attributes=30
-
-# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
-min-public-methods=0
-
-# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).
-max-public-methods=30

CONTRIBUTORS.rst

@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ Dependency Injector Contributors
 + Thiago Hiromi (thiromi)
 + Felipe Rubio (krouw)
 + Anton Petrov (anton-petrov)
++ ZipFile (ZipFile)

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c
+recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c py.typed
 recursive-include tests *.py
 include README.rst
 include CONTRIBUTORS.rst
 include LICENSE.rst
-include requirements.txt
 include setup.py
 include tox.ini
-include py.typed

Makefile

@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 VERSION := $(shell python setup.py --version)
 
-CYTHON_SRC := $(shell find src/dependency_injector -name '*.pyx')
+export COVERAGE_RCFILE := pyproject.toml
-
-CYTHON_DIRECTIVES = -Xlanguage_level=2
-
-ifdef DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE
-	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xprofile=True
-	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xlinetrace=True
-endif
-
 
 clean:
 	# Clean sources
@@ -25,21 +17,17 @@ clean:
 	find examples -name '*.py[co]' -delete
 	find examples -name '__pycache__' -delete
 
-cythonize:
+build: clean
-	# Compile Cython to C
+	# Compile C extensions
-	cython -a $(CYTHON_DIRECTIVES) $(CYTHON_SRC)
+	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
 	# Move all Cython html reports
 	mkdir -p reports/cython/
 	find src -name '*.html' -exec mv {}  reports/cython/  \;
 
-build: clean cythonize
-	# Compile C extensions
-	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
-
 docs-live:
 	sphinx-autobuild docs docs/_build/html
 
-install: uninstall clean cythonize
+install: uninstall clean build
 	pip install -ve .
 
 uninstall:
@@ -48,9 +36,9 @@ uninstall:
 test:
 	# Unit tests with coverage report
 	coverage erase
-	coverage run --rcfile=./.coveragerc -m pytest -c tests/.configs/pytest.ini
+	coverage run -m pytest
-	coverage report --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+	coverage report
-	coverage html --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+	coverage html
 
 check:
 	flake8 src/dependency_injector/
@@ -61,9 +49,9 @@ check:
 
 	mypy tests/typing
 
-test-publish: cythonize
+test-publish: build
 	# Create distributions
-	python setup.py sdist
+	python -m build --sdist
 	# Upload distributions to PyPI
 	twine upload --repository testpypi dist/dependency-injector-$(VERSION)*
 

docs/api/asgi-lifespan.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+dependency_injector.ext.starlette
+=================================
+
+.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.starlette
+   :members:
+   :inherited-members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+
+.. disqus::

docs/api/index.rst

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ API Documentation
 =================
 
 ..  toctree::
-    :maxdepth: 2
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
    top-level
    providers
    containers
    wiring
    errors
+   asgi-lifespan

docs/conf.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ release = version
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = None
+language = "en"
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:

docs/examples/django.rst

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Container is wired to the ``views`` module in the app config ``web/apps.py``:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/apps.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 13
+   :emphasize-lines: 12
 
 Tests
 -----

docs/examples/fastdepends.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.. _fastdepends-example:
+
+FastDepends example
+===================
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastDepends,Example
+   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastDepends and Dependency Injector.
+
+
+This example demonstrates how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastDepends <https://github.com/Lancetnik/FastDepends>`_, a lightweight dependency injection framework inspired by FastAPI's dependency system, but without the web framework components.
+
+Basic Usage
+-----------
+
+The integration between FastDepends and Dependency Injector is straightforward. Simply use Dependency Injector's ``Provide`` marker within FastDepends' ``Depends`` function:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import sys
+
+    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+    from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
+    from fast_depends import Depends
+
+
+    class CoefficientService:
+        @staticmethod
+        def get_coefficient() -> float:
+            return 1.2
+
+
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        service = providers.Factory(CoefficientService)
+
+
+    @inject
+    def apply_coefficient(
+        a: int,
+        coefficient_provider: CoefficientService = Depends(Provide[Container.service]),
+    ) -> float:
+        return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
+
+
+    container = Container()
+    container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])
+
+    apply_coefficient(100) == 120.0

docs/examples/index.rst

@@ -22,5 +22,6 @@ Explore the examples to see the ``Dependency Injector`` in action.
     fastapi
     fastapi-redis
     fastapi-sqlalchemy
+    fastdepends
 
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/key_features.rst

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
 
 The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Explicit is better than implicit
 

docs/main/changelog.rst

@@ -7,6 +7,90 @@ that were made in every particular version.
 From version 0.7.6 *Dependency Injector* framework strictly
 follows `Semantic versioning`_
 
+4.48.1
+------
+
+* Improve performance of ``dependency_injector._cwiring.DependencyResolver``
+* Add ``typing-extensions`` as a dependency for older Python versions (<3.11)
+* Produce warning on ``@inject``s without ``Provide[...]`` marks
+* Add support for `resource_type` in ``Lifespan``s
+
+4.48.0
+------
+
+- Improve performance of wiring (`#897 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/897>`_)
+- Add Context Manager support to Resource provider (`#899 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/899>`_)
+- Add support for async generator injections (`#900 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/900>`_)
+- Fix unintended dependency on ``typing_extensions`` (`#902 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/902>`_)
+- Add support for Fast Depends (`#898 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/898>`_)
+- Add ``resource_type`` parameter to init and shutdown resources using specialized providers (`#858 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/858>`_)
+
+4.47.1
+------
+
+- Fix typing for wiring marker (`#892 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/896>`_)
+- Strip debug symbols in wheels
+
+4.47.0
+------
+
+- Add support for ``Annotated`` type for module and class attribute injection in wiring,
+  with updated documentation and examples.
+  See discussion:
+  https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/721#issuecomment-2025263718
+- Fix ``root`` property shadowing in ``ConfigurationOption`` (`#875 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/875>`_)
+- Fix incorrect monkeypatching during ``wire()`` that could violate MRO in some classes (`#886 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/886>`_)
+- ABI3 wheels are now published for CPython.
+- Drop support of Python 3.7.
+
+4.46.0
+------
+
+- Add option to disable env var interpolation in configs (`#861 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/861>`_)
+- Fix ``Closing`` dependency resolution (`#852 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/852>`_)
+- Add support for ``inspect.iscoroutinefunction()`` in ``Coroutine`` provider (`#830 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/830>`_)
+- Fix broken wiring of sync inject-decorated methods (`#673 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/673>`_)
+- Add support for ``typing.Annotated`` (`#721 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/721>`_, `#853 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/853>`_)
+- Documentation updates for movie-lister example (`#747 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/747>`_)
+- Fix type propagation in ``Provider.provider`` (`#744 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/744>`_)
+
+Many thanks for the contributions to:
+- `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_
+- `Yegor Statkevich <https://github.com/jazzthief>`_
+- `Federico Tomasi <https://github.com/federinik>`_
+- `Martin Lafrance <https://github.com/martlaf>`_
+- `Philip Bjorge <https://github.com/philipbjorge>`_
+- `Ilya Kazakov <https://github.com/mrKazzila>`_
+
+4.45.0
+--------
+- Add Starlette lifespan handler implementation (`#683 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/683>`_).
+- Raise exception in ``ThreadLocalSingleton`` instead of hiding it in finally (`#845 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/845>`_).
+- Improve debuggability of ``deepcopy`` errors (`#839 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/839>`_).
+- Update examples (`#838 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/838>`_).
+- Upgrade testing dependencies (`#837 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/837>`_).
+- Add minor fixes to the documentation (`#709 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/709>`_).
+- Remove ``six`` from the dependencies (`3ba4704 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/commit/3ba4704bc1cb00310749fd2eda0c8221167c313c>`_).
+
+Many thanks for the contributions to:
+-  `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_
+- `František Trebuňa <https://github.com/gortibaldik>`_
+- `JC (Jonathan Chen) <https://github.com/dijonkitchen>`_
+
+4.44.0
+--------
+- Implement support for Pydantic 2. PR: `#832 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/832>`_.
+- Implement `PEP-517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0517/>`_, `PEP-518 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0518/>`_, and
+  `PEP-621 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0621/>`_. PR: `#829 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/829>`_.
+
+Many thanks to `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_ for both contributions.
+
+4.43.0
+--------
+- Add support for Python 3.13.
+- Migrate to Cython 3 (version 3.0.11). Many thanks to `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_ for
+  this contribution `#813 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/813>`_.
+
 4.42.0
 --------
 - Promote release ``4.42.0b1`` to a production release.
@@ -311,8 +395,8 @@ follows `Semantic versioning`_
 - Make refactoring of wiring module and tests.
   See PR # `#406 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/406>`_.
   Thanks to `@withshubh <https://github.com/withshubh>`_ for the contribution:
-    - Remove unused imports in tests.
+  - Remove unused imports in tests.
-    - Use literal syntax to create data structure in tests.
+  - Use literal syntax to create data structure in tests.
 - Add integration with a static analysis tool `DeepSource <https://deepsource.io/>`_.
 
 4.26.0

docs/providers/configuration.rst

@@ -183,22 +183,22 @@ See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
 Loading from a Pydantic settings
 --------------------------------
 
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic`` settings object using the
+``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object using the
 :py:meth:`Configuration.from_pydantic` method:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 31
+   :emphasize-lines: 32
 
-To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls ``Settings.dict()`` method.
+To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls its ``model_dump()`` method.
 If you need to pass an argument to this call, use ``.from_pydantic()`` keyword arguments.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    container.config.from_pydantic(Settings(), exclude={"optional"})
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic`` settings object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
+Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
 the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -215,18 +215,23 @@ the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic`` by default.
+   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic-settings`` by default.
 
    You can install the ``Dependency Injector`` with an extra dependency::
 
-      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]
+      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic2]
 
-   or install ``pydantic`` directly::
+   or install ``pydantic-settings`` directly::
 
-      pip install pydantic
+      pip install pydantic-settings
 
    *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
 
+.. note::
+
+   For backward-compatibility, Pydantic v1 is still supported.
+   Passing ``pydantic.BaseSettings`` instances will work just as fine as ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings``.
+
 Loading from a dictionary
 -------------------------
 
@@ -361,6 +366,19 @@ See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
 
       assert container.config.section.option() is None
 
+If you want to disable environment variables interpolation, pass ``envs_required=None``:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+   :caption: templates.yml
+
+   template_string: 'Hello, ${name}!'
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   >>> container.config.from_yaml("templates.yml", envs_required=None)
+   >>> container.config.template_string()
+   'Hello, ${name}!'
+
 Mandatory and optional sources
 ------------------------------
 

docs/providers/resource.rst

@@ -61,11 +61,12 @@ When you call ``.shutdown()`` method on a resource provider, it will remove the
 if any, and switch to uninitialized state. Some of resource initializer types support specifying custom
 resource shutdown.
 
-Resource provider supports 3 types of initializers:
+Resource provider supports 4 types of initializers:
 
 - Function
-- Generator
+- Context Manager
-- Subclass of ``resources.Resource``
+- Generator (legacy)
+- Subclass of ``resources.Resource`` (legacy)
 
 Function initializer
 --------------------
@@ -103,8 +104,44 @@ you configure global resource:
 
 Function initializer does not provide a way to specify custom resource shutdown.
 
-Generator initializer
+Context Manager initializer
----------------------
+---------------------------
+
+This is an extension to the Function initializer. Resource provider automatically detects if the initializer returns a
+context manager and uses it to manage the resource lifecycle.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+
+   class DatabaseConnection:
+       def __init__(self, host, port, user, password):
+           self.host = host
+           self.port = port
+           self.user = user
+           self.password = password
+
+       def __enter__(self):
+           print(f"Connecting to {self.host}:{self.port} as {self.user}")
+           return self
+
+       def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+           print("Closing connection")
+
+
+   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+
+       config = providers.Configuration()
+       db = providers.Resource(
+           DatabaseConnection,
+           host=config.db.host,
+           port=config.db.port,
+           user=config.db.user,
+           password=config.db.password,
+       )
+
+Generator initializer (legacy)
+------------------------------
 
 Resource provider can use 2-step generators:
 
@@ -154,8 +191,13 @@ object is not mandatory. You can leave ``yield`` statement empty:
            argument2=...,
        )
 
-Subclass initializer
+.. note::
---------------------
+
+   Generator initializers are automatically wrapped with ``contextmanager`` or ``asynccontextmanager`` decorator when
+   provided to a ``Resource`` provider.
+
+Subclass initializer (legacy)
+-----------------------------
 
 You can create resource initializer by implementing a subclass of the ``resources.Resource``:
 
@@ -210,6 +252,72 @@ first argument.
 
 .. _resource-provider-wiring-closing:
 
+Scoping Resources using specialized subclasses
+----------------------------------------------
+
+You can use specialized subclasses of ``Resource`` provider to initialize and shutdown resources by type.
+Allowing for example to only initialize a subgroup of resources.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   class ScopedResource(resources.Resource):
+       pass
+
+   def init_service(name) -> Service:
+      print(f"Init {name}")
+      yield Service()
+      print(f"Shutdown {name}")
+
+   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+
+       scoped = ScopedResource(
+           init_service,
+           "scoped",
+       )
+
+       generic = providers.Resource(
+           init_service,
+           "generic",
+       )
+
+
+To initialize resources by type you can use ``init_resources(resource_type)`` and ``shutdown_resources(resource_type)``
+methods adding the resource type as an argument:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def main():
+       container = Container()
+       container.init_resources(ScopedResource)
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Init scoped
+
+       container.shutdown_resources(ScopedResource)
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Shutdown scoped
+
+
+And to initialize all resources you can use ``init_resources()`` and ``shutdown_resources()`` without arguments:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def main():
+       container = Container()
+       container.init_resources()
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Init scoped
+       # >>> Init generic
+
+       container.shutdown_resources()
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Shutdown scoped
+       # >>> Shutdown generic
+
+
+It works using the ``traverse()`` method to find all resources of the specified type, selecting all resources
+which are instances of the specified type.
+
+
 Resources, wiring, and per-function execution scope
 ---------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -263,10 +371,11 @@ Asynchronous function initializer:
            argument2=...,
        )
 
-Asynchronous generator initializer:
+Asynchronous Context Manager initializer:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
+   @asynccontextmanager
    async def init_async_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
        connection = await connect()
        yield connection
@@ -358,5 +467,54 @@ See also:
 - Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
 - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
 
+ASGI Lifespan Protocol Support
+------------------------------
+
+The :mod:`dependency_injector.ext.starlette` module provides a :class:`~dependency_injector.ext.starlette.Lifespan`
+class that integrates resource providers with ASGI applications using the `Lifespan Protocol`_. This allows resources to
+be automatically initialized at application startup and properly shut down when the application stops.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+    from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+    from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Depends, APIRouter
+
+    class Connection: ...
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def init_database():
+        print("opening database connection")
+        yield Connection()
+        print("closing database connection")
+
+    router = APIRouter()
+
+    @router.get("/")
+    @inject
+    async def index(request: Request, db: Connection = Depends(Provide["db"])):
+        # use the database connection here
+        return "OK!"
+
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        __self__ = providers.Self()
+        db = providers.Resource(init_database)
+        lifespan = providers.Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
+        app = providers.Singleton(FastAPI, lifespan=lifespan)
+        _include_router = providers.Resource(
+            app.provided.include_router.call(),
+            router,
+        )
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        import uvicorn
+
+        container = Container()
+        app = container.app()
+        uvicorn.run(app, host="localhost", port=8000)
+
+.. _Lifespan Protocol: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/singleton.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ returns it on the rest of the calls.
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when creates an object. When an object
+   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when it creates an object. When an object
    is created and memorized ``Singleton`` provider just returns it without applying injections.
 
 Specialization of the provided type and abstract singletons work the same like like for the

docs/tutorials/aiohttp.rst

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Let's check that it works. Open another terminal session and use ``httpie``:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: json
+.. code-block:: http
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 844
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ and make a request to the API in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: json
+.. code-block:: http
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 492

docs/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ In this tutorial we will use:
 
 - Python 3
 - Docker
-- Docker-compose
+- Docker Compose
 
 Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
 
@@ -47,28 +47,27 @@ response it will log:
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
-We will use `Docker <https://www.docker.com/>`_ and
+We will use `docker compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>`_ in this tutorial. Let's check the versions:
-`docker-compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>`_ in this tutorial. Let's check the versions:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
    docker --version
-   docker-compose --version
+   docker compose version
 
 The output should look something like:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   Docker version 20.10.5, build 55c4c88
+   Docker version 27.3.1, build ce12230
-   docker-compose version 1.29.0, build 07737305
+   Docker Compose version v2.29.7
 
 .. note::
 
-   If you don't have ``Docker`` or ``docker-compose`` you need to install them before proceeding.
+   If you don't have ``Docker`` or ``docker compose`` you need to install them before proceeding.
    Follow these installation guides:
 
    - `Install Docker <https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/>`_
-   - `Install docker-compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/>`_
+   - `Install docker compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/>`_
 
 The prerequisites are satisfied. Let's get started with the project layout.
 
@@ -129,13 +128,13 @@ Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
    pytest-cov
 
 Second, we need to create the ``Dockerfile``. It will describe the daemon's build process and
-specify how to run it. We will use ``python:3.9-buster`` as a base image.
+specify how to run it. We will use ``python:3.13-bookworm`` as a base image.
 
 Put next lines into the ``Dockerfile`` file:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   FROM python:3.10-buster
+   FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
    ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 
@@ -155,8 +154,6 @@ Put next lines into the ``docker-compose.yml`` file:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
-   version: "3.7"
-
    services:
 
      monitor:
@@ -171,7 +168,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 The build process may take a couple of minutes. You should see something like this in the end:
 
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ After the build is done run the container:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 The output should look like:
 
@@ -461,7 +458,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 The output should look like:
 
@@ -705,7 +702,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 You should see:
 
@@ -813,7 +810,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 You should see:
 
@@ -965,15 +962,16 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
+   docker compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
 
 You should see:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    monitoringdaemon/tests.py ..                                    [100%]

docs/tutorials/cli.rst

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Create next structure in the project root directory. All files are empty. That's
 
 Initial project layout:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
 
    ./
    ├── movies/
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Now it's time to install the project requirements. We will use next packages:
 
 Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
 
    dependency-injector
    pyyaml
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ We will create a script that creates database files.
 First add the folder ``data/`` in the root of the project and then add the file
 ``fixtures.py`` inside of it:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 2-3
 
    ./
@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ Now run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
 
    OK
 
 Check that files ``movies.csv`` and ``movies.db`` have appeared in the ``data/`` folder:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 4-5
 
    ./
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ After each step we will add the provider to the container.
 
 Create the ``entities.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 10
 
    ./
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Let's move on to the finders.
 
 Create the ``finders.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 11
 
    ./
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ The configuration file is ready. Move on to the lister.
 
 Create the ``listers.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 12
 
    ./
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ Run in the terminal line by line:
 
 The output should be similar for each command:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ We will use `pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/>`_ and
 
 Create ``tests.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 13
 
    ./
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ Create ``tests.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 and put next into it:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 36,51
+   :emphasize-lines: 41,50
 
    """Tests module."""
 
@@ -941,13 +941,18 @@ and put next into it:
        return container
 
 
-   def test_movies_directed_by(container):
+   @pytest.fixture
+   def finder_mock(container):
        finder_mock = mock.Mock()
        finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
            container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
            container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
        ]
 
+       return finder_mock
+
+
+   def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
        with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
            lister = container.lister()
            movies = lister.movies_directed_by("Jon Favreau")
@@ -956,13 +961,7 @@ and put next into it:
        assert movies[0].title == "The Jungle Book"
 
 
-   def test_movies_released_in(container):
+   def test_movies_released_in(container, finder_mock):
-       finder_mock = mock.Mock()
-       finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
-           container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
-           container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
-       ]
-
        with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
            lister = container.lister()
            movies = lister.movies_released_in(2015)
@@ -978,7 +977,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block::
+.. code-block:: text
 
    platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    plugins: cov-3.0.0
@@ -995,9 +994,9 @@ You should see:
    movies/entities.py         7      1    86%
    movies/finders.py         26     13    50%
    movies/listers.py          8      0   100%
-   movies/tests.py           23      0   100%
+   movies/tests.py           24      0   100%
    ------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                     89     30    66%
+   TOTAL                     90     30    67%
 
 .. note::
 

docs/tutorials/flask.rst

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Now let's fill in the layout.
 
 Put next into the ``base.html``:
 
-.. code-block:: html
+.. code-block:: jinja
 
    <!doctype html>
    <html lang="en">
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ And put something to the index page.
 
 Put next into the ``index.html``:
 
-.. code-block:: html
+.. code-block:: jinja
 
    {% extends "base.html" %}
 

docs/wiring.rst

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ FastAPI example:
 
    @app.api_route("/")
    @inject
-   async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
+   async def index(service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]):
        value = await service.process()
        return {"result": value}
 
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ To inject the provider itself use ``Provide[foo.provider]``:
    def foo(bar_provider: Factory[Bar] = Provide[Container.bar.provider]):
        bar = bar_provider(argument="baz")
        ...
+
 You can also use ``Provider[foo]`` for injecting the provider itself:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -254,13 +255,43 @@ To inject a container use special identifier ``<container>``:
 Making injections into modules and class attributes
 ---------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use wiring to make injections into modules and class attributes.
+You can use wiring to make injections into modules and class attributes. Both the classic marker
+syntax and the ``Annotated`` form are supported.
+
+Classic marker syntax:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   service: Service = Provide[Container.service]
+
+   class Main:
+       service: Service = Provide[Container.service]
+
+Full example of the classic marker syntax:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../examples/wiring/example_attribute.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
    :emphasize-lines: 14,19
 
+Annotated form (Python 3.9+):
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from typing import Annotated
+
+   service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
+
+   class Main:
+       service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
+
+Full example of the annotated form:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../examples/wiring/example_attribute_annotated.py
+   :language: python
+   :lines: 3-
+   :emphasize-lines: 16,21
+
 You could also use string identifiers to avoid a dependency on a container:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -601,6 +632,36 @@ or with a single container ``register_loader_containers(container)`` multiple ti
 To unregister a container use ``unregister_loader_containers(container)``.
 Wiring module will uninstall the import hook when unregister last container.
 
+Few notes on performance
+------------------------
+
+``.wire()`` utilize caching to speed up the wiring process. At the end it clears the cache to avoid memory leaks.
+But this may not always be desirable, when you want to keep the cache for the next wiring
+(e.g. due to usage of multiple containers or during unit tests).
+
+To keep the cache after wiring, you can set flag ``keep_cache=True`` (works with ``WiringConfiguration`` too):
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   container1.wire(
+       modules=["yourapp.module1", "yourapp.module2"],
+       keep_cache=True,
+   )
+   container2.wire(
+       modules=["yourapp.module2", "yourapp.module3"],
+       keep_cache=True,
+   )
+   ...
+
+and then clear it manually when you need it:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from dependency_injector.wiring import clear_cache
+
+   clear_cache()
+
+
 Integration with other frameworks
 ---------------------------------
 
@@ -632,5 +693,6 @@ Take a look at other application examples:
 - :ref:`fastapi-example`
 - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
 - :ref:`fastapi-sqlalchemy-example`
+- :ref:`fastdepends-example`
 
 .. disqus::

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/README.rst

@@ -98,8 +98,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, anyio-3.3.4, aiohttp-0.3.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0, aiohttp-1.0.5
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,11 +3,15 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
 
 from giphynavigator.application import create_app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def app():
     app = create_app()
@@ -15,9 +19,9 @@ def app():
     app.container.unwire()
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
-def client(app, aiohttp_client, loop):
+async def client(app, aiohttp_client):
-    return loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
+    return await aiohttp_client(app)
 
 
 async def test_index(client, app):

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/requirements.txt

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ dependency-injector
 aiohttp
 pyyaml
 pytest-aiohttp
+pytest-asyncio
 pytest-cov

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.10-buster
+FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/README.rst

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker-compose up
+    docker compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -59,15 +59,16 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
+   docker compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    monitoringdaemon/tests.py ..                                    [100%]

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/monitoringdaemon/tests.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ async def test_example_monitor(container, caplog):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog, event_loop):
+async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog):
     caplog.set_level("INFO")
 
     example_monitor_mock = mock.AsyncMock()
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog, event_loop):
             httpbin_monitor=httpbin_monitor_mock,
     ):
         dispatcher = container.dispatcher()
+        event_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         event_loop.create_task(dispatcher.start())
         await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
         dispatcher.stop()

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.10-buster
+FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/README.rst

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker-compose up
+    docker compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -54,16 +54,16 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm example py.test fastapiredis/tests.py --cov=fastapiredis
+   docker compose run --rm example py.test fastapiredis/tests.py --cov=fastapiredis
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-4.0.0, asyncio-0.20.3
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0, anyio-4.7.0
-   collected 1 item
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
 
    fastapiredis/tests.py .                                         [100%]
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/application.py

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 """Application module."""
 
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
+from typing import Annotated
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
 from .containers import Container
 from .services import Service
 
-
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
 @app.api_route("/")
 @inject
-async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
+async def index(
+    service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     value = await service.process()
     return {"result": value}
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/redis.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import AsyncIterator
 
-from aioredis import from_url, Redis
+from redis.asyncio import from_url, Redis
 
 
 async def init_redis_pool(host: str, password: str) -> AsyncIterator[Redis]:

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/services.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Services module."""
 
-from aioredis import Redis
+from redis.asyncio import Redis
 
 
 class Service:

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/tests.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from .application import app, container
 from .services import Service
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from .services import Service
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def client(event_loop):
-    client = AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test")
+    client = AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    )
     yield client
     event_loop.run_until_complete(client.aclose())
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/requirements.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 dependency-injector
 fastapi
 uvicorn
-aioredis
+redis>=4.2
 
 # For testing:
 pytest

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/fastapi_di_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
@@ -18,7 +21,9 @@ app = FastAPI()
 
 @app.api_route("/")
 @inject
-async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
+async def index(
+    service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     result = await service.process()
     return {"result": result}
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/tests.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from fastapi_di_example import app, container, Service
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
-async def client(event_loop):
+async def client():
-    async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    ) as client:
         yield client
 
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.10-buster
+FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 ENV HOST=0.0.0.0

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/README.rst

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker-compose up
+    docker compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm webapp py.test webapp/tests.py --cov=webapp
+   docker compose run --rm webapp py.test webapp/tests.py --cov=webapp
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.7.0
    collected 7 items
 
    webapp/tests.py .......                                         [100%]

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 dependency-injector
-fastapi
+fastapi[standard]
 uvicorn
 pyyaml
 sqlalchemy

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/endpoints.py

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 """Endpoints module."""
 
+from typing import Annotated
+
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Response, status
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
+
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
 from .containers import Container
-from .services import UserService
 from .repositories import NotFoundError
+from .services import UserService
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 @router.get("/users")
 @inject
 def get_list(
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
 ):
     return user_service.get_users()
 
@@ -21,8 +24,8 @@ def get_list(
 @router.get("/users/{user_id}")
 @inject
 def get_by_id(
-        user_id: int,
+    user_id: int,
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
 ):
     try:
         return user_service.get_user_by_id(user_id)
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ def get_by_id(
 @router.post("/users", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
 @inject
 def add(
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
 ):
     return user_service.create_user()
 
@@ -41,9 +44,9 @@ def add(
 @router.delete("/users/{user_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
 @inject
 def remove(
-        user_id: int,
+    user_id: int,
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
-):
+) -> Response:
     try:
         user_service.delete_user_by_id(user_id)
     except NotFoundError:

examples/miniapps/fastapi/README.rst

@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0, aiohttp-1.0.5
-   collected 3 items
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/endpoints.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 """Endpoints module."""
 
-from typing import Optional, List
+from typing import Annotated, List
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
 
-from .services import SearchService
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+
 from .containers import Container
+from .services import SearchService
 
 
 class Gif(BaseModel):
@@ -26,11 +27,15 @@ router = APIRouter()
 @router.get("/", response_model=Response)
 @inject
 async def index(
-        query: Optional[str] = None,
+    default_query: Annotated[str, Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.query])],
-        limit: Optional[str] = None,
+    default_limit: Annotated[
-        default_query: str = Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.query]),
+        int, Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()])
-        default_limit: int = Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()]),
+    ],
-        search_service: SearchService = Depends(Provide[Container.search_service]),
+    search_service: Annotated[
+        SearchService, Depends(Provide[Container.search_service])
+    ],
+    query: str | None = None,
+    limit: int | None = None,
 ):
     query = query or default_query
     limit = limit or default_limit

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,15 +3,19 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from giphynavigator.application import app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
 async def client():
-    async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    ) as client:
         yield client
 
 

examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/README.rst

@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0, flask-1.2.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, flask-1.3.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/application.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Application module."""
 
 from flask import Flask
-from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
+from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap4
 
 from .containers import Container
 from .blueprints import example
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def create_app() -> Flask:
     app.container = container
     app.register_blueprint(example.blueprint)
 
-    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
+    bootstrap = Bootstrap4()
     bootstrap.init_app(app)
 
     return app

examples/miniapps/flask/README.rst

@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0, flask-1.2.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, flask-1.3.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/application.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Application module."""
 
 from flask import Flask
-from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
+from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap4
 
 from .containers import Container
 from . import views
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def create_app() -> Flask:
     app.container = container
     app.add_url_rule("/", "index", views.index)
 
-    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
+    bootstrap = Bootstrap4()
     bootstrap.init_app(app)
 
     return app

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/README.rst

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0
    collected 2 items
 
    movies/tests.py ..                                              [100%]

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/data/fixtures.py

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ SQLITE_FILE = DIR / "movies.db"
 
 
 def create_csv(movies_data, path):
-    with open(path, "w") as opened_file:
+    with open(path, "w", newline="") as opened_file:
         writer = csv.writer(opened_file)
-        for row in movies_data:
+        writer.writerows(movies_data)
-            writer.writerow(row)
 
 
 def create_sqlite(movies_data, path):

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/movies/finders.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class CsvMovieFinder(MovieFinder):
         super().__init__(movie_factory)
 
     def find_all(self) -> List[Movie]:
-        with open(self._csv_file_path) as csv_file:
+        with open(self._csv_file_path, newline="") as csv_file:
             csv_reader = csv.reader(csv_file, delimiter=self._delimiter)
             return [self._movie_factory(*row) for row in csv_reader]
 

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/movies/tests.py

@@ -26,13 +26,18 @@ def container():
     return container
 
 
-def test_movies_directed_by(container):
+@pytest.fixture
+def finder_mock(container):
     finder_mock = mock.Mock()
     finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
         container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
         container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
     ]
 
+    return finder_mock
+
+
+def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
     with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
         lister = container.lister()
         movies = lister.movies_directed_by("Jon Favreau")
@@ -41,13 +46,7 @@ def test_movies_directed_by(container):
     assert movies[0].title == "The Jungle Book"
 
 
-def test_movies_released_in(container):
+def test_movies_released_in(container, finder_mock):
-    finder_mock = mock.Mock()
-    finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
-        container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
-        container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
-    ]
-
     with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
         lister = container.lister()
         movies = lister.movies_released_in(2015)

examples/miniapps/sanic/README.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ To run the application do:
 .. code-block:: bash
 
     export GIPHY_API_KEY=wBJ2wZG7SRqfrU9nPgPiWvORmloDyuL0
-    python -m giphynavigator
+    sanic giphynavigator.application:create_app
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -98,8 +98,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: sanic-1.9.1, anyio-3.3.4, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from sanic import Sanic
 from giphynavigator.application import create_app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def app():
@@ -17,12 +19,7 @@ def app():
     app.ctx.container.unwire()
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+async def test_index(app):
-def test_client(loop, app, sanic_client):
-    return loop.run_until_complete(sanic_client(app))
-
-
-async def test_index(app, test_client):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ async def test_index(app, test_client):
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        response = await test_client.get(
+        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get(
             "/",
             params={
                 "query": "test",
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ async def test_index(app, test_client):
         )
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    data = response.json
     assert data == {
         "query": "test",
         "limit": 10,
@@ -52,30 +49,30 @@ async def test_index(app, test_client):
     }
 
 
-async def test_index_no_data(app, test_client):
+async def test_index_no_data(app):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [],
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        response = await test_client.get("/")
+        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get("/")
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    data = response.json
     assert data["gifs"] == []
 
 
-async def test_index_default_params(app, test_client):
+async def test_index_default_params(app):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [],
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        response = await test_client.get("/")
+        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get("/")
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    data = response.json
     assert data["query"] == app.ctx.container.config.default.query()
     assert data["limit"] == app.ctx.container.config.default.limit()

examples/miniapps/sanic/requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 dependency-injector
-sanic<=21.6
+sanic
+sanic-testing
 aiohttp
 pyyaml
-pytest-sanic
 pytest-cov

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Integration With Starlette-based Frameworks
+===========================================
+
+This is a `Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/>`_ +
+`Dependency Injector <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_ example application
+utilizing `lifespan API <https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/>`_.
+
+.. note::
+
+    Pretty much `any framework built on top of Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/third-party-packages/#frameworks>`_
+    supports this feature (`FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#lifespan>`_,
+    `Xpresso <https://xpresso-api.dev/latest/tutorial/lifespan/>`_, etc...).
+
+Run
+---
+
+Create virtual environment:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python -m venv env
+    . env/bin/activate
+
+Install requirements:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+To run the application do:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python example.py
+    # or (logging won't be configured):
+    uvicorn --factory example:container.app
+
+After that visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/ in your browser or use CLI command (``curl``, ``httpie``,
+etc).

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+from logging import basicConfig, getLogger
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
+from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Resource, Self, Singleton
+from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.routing import Route
+
+count = 0
+
+
+def init():
+    log = getLogger(__name__)
+    log.info("Inittializing resources")
+    yield
+    log.info("Cleaning up resources")
+
+
+async def homepage(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
+    global count
+    response = JSONResponse({"hello": "world", "count": count})
+    count += 1
+    return response
+
+
+class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
+    __self__ = Self()
+    lifespan = Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
+    logging = Resource(
+        basicConfig,
+        level="DEBUG",
+        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M",
+        format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s",
+    )
+    init = Resource(init)
+    app = Factory(
+        Starlette,
+        debug=True,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        routes=[Route("/", homepage)],
+    )
+
+
+container = Container()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import uvicorn
+
+    uvicorn.run(
+        container.app,
+        factory=True,
+        # NOTE: `None` prevents uvicorn from configuring logging, which is
+        #       impossible via CLI
+        log_config=None,
+    )

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+dependency-injector
+starlette
+uvicorn

examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 # Emulate environment variables
 os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "KEY"
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"] = "SECRET"
 
 
 class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_prefix="aws_")
 
-    access_key_id: str = Field(env="aws_access_key_id")
+    access_key_id: str
-    secret_access_key: str = Field(env="aws_secret_access_key")
+    secret_access_key: str
 
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
-    optional: str = Field(default="default_value")
+    optional: str = "default_value"
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic_init.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 # Emulate environment variables
 os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "KEY"
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"] = "SECRET"
 
 
 class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_prefix="aws_")
 
-    access_key_id: str = Field(env="aws_access_key_id")
+    access_key_id: str
-    secret_access_key: str = Field(env="aws_secret_access_key")
+    secret_access_key: str
 
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
-    optional: str = Field(default="default_value")
+    optional: str = "default_value"
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

examples/providers/resource.py

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 import sys
 import logging
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 
 
+@contextmanager
 def init_thread_pool(max_workers: int):
     thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers)
     yield thread_pool

examples/wiring/example.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+from typing import Annotated
 
 
-class Service:
+class Service: ...
-    ...
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
@@ -13,9 +13,16 @@ class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     service = providers.Factory(Service)
 
 
+# You can place marker on parameter default value
 @inject
-def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
+def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None: ...
-    ...
+
+
+# Also, you can place marker with typing.Annotated
+@inject
+def main_with_annotated(
+    service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
+) -> None: ...
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

examples/wiring/example_attribute_annotated.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""Wiring attribute example with Annotated."""
+
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide
+
+
+class Service:
+    ...
+
+
+class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+
+    service = providers.Factory(Service)
+
+
+service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
+
+
+class Main:
+
+    service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    container = Container()
+    container.wire(modules=[__name__])
+
+    assert isinstance(service, Service)
+    assert isinstance(Main.service, Service)

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools", "Cython>=3.1.1"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "dependency-injector"
+authors = [
+    {name = "Roman Mogylatov", email = "rmogilatov@gmail.com"},
+]
+maintainers = [
+    {name = "Roman Mogylatov", email = "rmogilatov@gmail.com"},
+]
+description = "Dependency injection framework for Python"
+readme = {file = "README.rst", content-type = "text/x-rst"}
+license = {file = "LICENSE.rst", content-type = "text/x-rst"}
+requires-python = ">=3.8"
+keywords = [
+    "Dependency injection",
+    "DI",
+    "Inversion of Control",
+    "IoC",
+    "Factory",
+    "Singleton",
+    "Design patterns",
+    "Flask",
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
+    "Framework :: AsyncIO",
+    "Framework :: Bottle",
+    "Framework :: Django",
+    "Framework :: Flask",
+    "Framework :: Pylons",
+    "Framework :: Pyramid",
+    "Framework :: Pytest",
+    "Framework :: TurboGears",
+    "Topic :: Software Development",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
+]
+dynamic = ["version"]
+dependencies = [
+    # typing.Annotated since v3.9
+    # typing.Self since v3.11
+    "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.11'",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+yaml = ["pyyaml"]
+pydantic = ["pydantic"]
+pydantic2 = ["pydantic-settings"]
+flask = ["flask"]
+aiohttp = ["aiohttp"]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector"
+Documentation = "https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/"
+Download = "https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+package-dir = {"" = "src"}
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+where = ["src"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+dependency_injector = ["*.pxd", "*.pyi", "py.typed"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = {attr = "dependency_injector.__version__"}
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+branch = false
+relative_files = true
+source_pkgs = ["dependency_injector"]
+plugins = ["Cython.Coverage"]
+
+[tool.coverage.html]
+directory = "reports/unittests/"
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+show_missing = true
+
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"
+combine_as_imports = true
+
+[tool.pylint.main]
+ignore = ["tests"]
+
+[tool.pylint.design]
+min-public-methods = 0
+max-public-methods = 30
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+testpaths = ["tests/unit/"]
+asyncio_mode = "auto"
+asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "function"
+markers = [
+    "pydantic: Tests with Pydantic as a dependency",
+]
+filterwarnings = [
+    "ignore::dependency_injector.wiring.DIWiringWarning",
+    "ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\\.0\\.0:DeprecationWarning",
+    "ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\\.0\\.0:DeprecationWarning",
+    "ignore:Please use \\`.*?\\` from the \\`scipy.*?\\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\\.:DeprecationWarning",
+    "ignore:Please import \\`.*?\\` from the \\`scipy(.*?)\\` namespace(.*):DeprecationWarning",
+    "ignore:\\`scipy(.*?)\\` is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning",
+]

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-cython==0.29.37
+cython==3.1.1
+setuptools
 pytest
 pytest-asyncio
 tox
 coverage
 flake8
+flake8-pyproject
 pydocstyle
 sphinx_autobuild
 pip
@@ -11,10 +13,13 @@ mypy
 pyyaml
 httpx
 fastapi
-pydantic==1.10.17
+pydantic
+pydantic-settings
 numpy
 scipy
 boto3
 mypy_boto3_s3
+typing_extensions
+fast-depends
 
 -r requirements-ext.txt

requirements-ext.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-flask==2.1.3
+flask
-werkzeug==2.2.2
+werkzeug
-aiohttp==3.9.0b1
+aiohttp

requirements.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-six>=1.7.0,<=1.16.0

setup.cfg

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 max_line_length = 120
 max_complexity = 10
 exclude = types.py
+extend-ignore = E203,E701
 per-file-ignores =
     examples/demo/*: F841
     examples/containers/traverse.py: E501
     examples/providers/async.py: F841
     examples/providers/async_overriding.py: F841
-    examples/wiring/*: F841
+    examples/wiring/*: F821,F841
 
 [pydocstyle]
 ignore = D100,D101,D102,D105,D106,D107,D203,D213

setup.py

@@ -1,127 +1,55 @@
 """`Dependency injector` setup script."""
 
 import os
-import re
 import sys
 
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
+from Cython.Build import cythonize
+from Cython.Compiler import Options
+from setuptools import Extension, setup
 
-
+debug = os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE") == "1"
-def _open(filename):
+limited_api = (
-    if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
+    os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API") == "1"
-        return open(filename)
+    and sys.implementation.name == "cpython"
-    return open(filename, encoding="utf-8")
+)
-
+defined_macros = []
-
+options = {}
-# Defining setup variables:
+compiler_directives = {
-defined_macros = dict()
+    "language_level": 3,
-defined_macros["CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK"] = 0
+    "profile": debug,
-
+    "linetrace": debug,
-# Getting description:
+}
-with _open("README.rst") as readme_file:
+Options.annotate = debug
-    description = readme_file.read()
-
-# Getting requirements:
-with _open("requirements.txt") as requirements_file:
-    requirements = requirements_file.readlines()
-
-# Getting version:
-with _open("src/dependency_injector/__init__.py") as init_file:
-    version = re.search("__version__ = \"(.*?)\"", init_file.read()).group(1)
 
 # Adding debug options:
-if os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE") == "1":
+if debug:
-    defined_macros["CYTHON_TRACE"] = 1
+    limited_api = False  # line tracing is not part of the Limited API
-    defined_macros["CYTHON_TRACE_NOGIL"] = 1
+    defined_macros.extend(
-    defined_macros["CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK"] = 1
+        [
+            ("CYTHON_TRACE", "1"),
+            ("CYTHON_TRACE_NOGIL", "1"),
+            ("CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK", "1"),
+        ]
+    )
 
+if limited_api:
+    options.setdefault("bdist_wheel", {})
+    options["bdist_wheel"]["py_limited_api"] = "cp38"
+    defined_macros.append(("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03080000"))
 
-setup(name="dependency-injector",
+setup(
-      version=version,
+    options=options,
-      description="Dependency injection framework for Python",
+    ext_modules=cythonize(
-      long_description=description,
+        [
-      author="Roman Mogylatov",
+            Extension(
-      author_email="rmogilatov@gmail.com",
+                "*",
-      maintainer="Roman Mogylatov",
+                ["src/**/*.pyx"],
-      maintainer_email="rmogilatov@gmail.com",
+                define_macros=defined_macros,
-      url="https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector",
+                py_limited_api=limited_api,
-      download_url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector",
+            ),
-      packages=[
+        ],
-          "dependency_injector",
+        annotate=debug,
-          "dependency_injector.ext",
+        show_all_warnings=True,
-      ],
+        compiler_directives=compiler_directives,
-      package_dir={
+    ),
-          "": "src",
+)
-      },
-      package_data={
-          "dependency_injector": ["*.pxd", "*.pyi", "py.typed"],
-      },
-      ext_modules=[
-          Extension("dependency_injector.containers",
-                    ["src/dependency_injector/containers.c"],
-                    define_macros=list(defined_macros.items()),
-                    extra_compile_args=["-O2"]),
-          Extension("dependency_injector.providers",
-                    ["src/dependency_injector/providers.c"],
-                    define_macros=list(defined_macros.items()),
-                    extra_compile_args=["-O2"]),
-          Extension("dependency_injector._cwiring",
-                    ["src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.c"],
-                    define_macros=list(defined_macros.items()),
-                    extra_compile_args=["-O2"]),
-      ],
-      install_requires=requirements,
-      extras_require={
-          "yaml": [
-              "pyyaml",
-          ],
-          "pydantic": [
-              "pydantic",
-          ],
-          "flask": [
-              "flask",
-          ],
-          "aiohttp": [
-              "aiohttp",
-          ],
-      },
-      zip_safe=True,
-      license="BSD New",
-      platforms=["any"],
-      keywords=[
-          "Dependency injection",
-          "DI",
-          "Inversion of Control",
-          "IoC",
-          "Factory",
-          "Singleton",
-          "Design patterns",
-          "Flask",
-      ],
-      classifiers=[
-          "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
-          "Intended Audience :: Developers",
-          "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
-          "Operating System :: OS Independent",
-          "Programming Language :: Python",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
-          "Framework :: AsyncIO",
-          "Framework :: Bottle",
-          "Framework :: Django",
-          "Framework :: Flask",
-          "Framework :: Pylons",
-          "Framework :: Pyramid",
-          "Framework :: Pytest",
-          "Framework :: TurboGears",
-          "Topic :: Software Development",
-          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
-          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
-      ])

src/dependency_injector/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Top-level package."""
 
-__version__ = "4.42.0"
+__version__ = "4.48.1"
 """Version number.
 
 :type: str

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from .providers import Provider
+
+class DependencyResolver:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        injections: Dict[str, Provider[Any]],
+        closings: Dict[str, Provider[Any]],
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def __enter__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
+
+def _isawaitable(instance: Any) -> bool: ...

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyx

@@ -1,88 +1,93 @@
 """Wiring optimizations module."""
 
-import asyncio
+from asyncio import gather
-import collections.abc
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
-import functools
+from inspect import CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE
-import inspect
+from types import CoroutineType, GeneratorType
-import types
 
-from . import providers
+from .providers cimport Provider, Resource
-from .wiring import _Marker, PatchedCallable
+from .wiring import _Marker
-
-from .providers cimport Provider
 
 
-def _get_sync_patched(fn, patched: PatchedCallable):
+cdef inline bint _is_injectable(dict kwargs, object name):
-    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    return name not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[name], _Marker)
-    def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
+
-        cdef object result
+
-        cdef dict to_inject
+cdef class DependencyResolver:
-        cdef object arg_key
+    cdef dict kwargs
+    cdef dict to_inject
+    cdef dict injections
+    cdef dict closings
+
+    def __init__(self, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+        self.injections = injections
+        self.closings = closings
+
+    async def _await_injection(self, name: str, value: object, /) -> None:
+        self.to_inject[name] = await value
+
+    cdef void _handle_injections_sync(self):
         cdef Provider provider
 
-        to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+        for name, provider in self.injections.items():
-        for arg_key, provider in patched.injections.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name):
-            if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+                self.to_inject[name] = provider()
-                to_inject[arg_key] = provider()
 
-        result = fn(*args, **to_inject)
+    cdef list _handle_injections_async(self):
+        cdef list to_await = []
+        cdef Provider provider
 
-        if patched.closing:
+        for name, provider in self.injections.items():
-            for arg_key, provider in patched.closing.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name):
-                if arg_key in kwargs and not isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+                provide = provider()
-                    continue
+
-                if not isinstance(provider, providers.Resource):
+                if provider.is_async_mode_enabled() or _isawaitable(provide):
-                    continue
+                    to_await.append(self._await_injection(name, provide))
+                else:
+                    self.to_inject[name] = provide
+
+        return to_await
+
+    cdef void _handle_closings_sync(self):
+        cdef Provider provider
+
+        for name, provider in self.closings.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name) and isinstance(provider, Resource):
                 provider.shutdown()
 
-        return result
+    cdef list _handle_closings_async(self):
-    return _patched
+        cdef list to_await = []
+        cdef Provider provider
 
+        for name, provider in self.closings.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name) and isinstance(provider, Resource):
+                if _isawaitable(shutdown := provider.shutdown()):
+                    to_await.append(shutdown)
 
-async def _async_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings):
+        return to_await
-    cdef object result
-    cdef dict to_inject
-    cdef list to_inject_await = []
-    cdef list to_close_await = []
-    cdef object arg_key
-    cdef Provider provider
 
-    to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+    def __enter__(self):
-    for arg_key, provider in injections.items():
+        self._handle_injections_sync()
-        if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+        return self.to_inject
-            provide = provider()
-            if provider.is_async_mode_enabled():
-                to_inject_await.append((arg_key, provide))
-            elif _isawaitable(provide):
-                to_inject_await.append((arg_key, provide))
-            else:
-                to_inject[arg_key] = provide
 
-    if to_inject_await:
+    def __exit__(self, *_):
-        async_to_inject = await asyncio.gather(*(provide for _, provide in to_inject_await))
+        self._handle_closings_sync()
-        for provide, (injection, _) in zip(async_to_inject, to_inject_await):
-            to_inject[injection] = provide
 
-    result = await fn(*args, **to_inject)
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        if to_await := self._handle_injections_async():
+            await gather(*to_await)
+        return self.to_inject
 
-    if closings:
+    async def __aexit__(self, *_):
-        for arg_key, provider in closings.items():
+        if to_await := self._handle_closings_async():
-            if arg_key in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+            await gather(*to_await)
-                continue
-            if not isinstance(provider, providers.Resource):
-                continue
-            shutdown = provider.shutdown()
-            if _isawaitable(shutdown):
-                to_close_await.append(shutdown)
-
-        await asyncio.gather(*to_close_await)
-
-    return result
 
 
 cdef bint _isawaitable(object instance):
     """Return true if object can be passed to an ``await`` expression."""
-    return (isinstance(instance, types.CoroutineType) or
+    return (isinstance(instance, CoroutineType) or
-            isinstance(instance, types.GeneratorType) and
+            isinstance(instance, GeneratorType) and
-            bool(instance.gi_code.co_flags & inspect.CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE) or
+            bool(instance.gi_code.co_flags & CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE) or
-            isinstance(instance, collections.abc.Awaitable))
+            isinstance(instance, Awaitable))

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyi

@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
-    Generic,
-    Type,
-    Dict,
-    List,
-    Tuple,
-    Optional,
     Any,
-    Union,
+    Awaitable,
-    ClassVar,
     Callable as _Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
     TypeVar,
-    Awaitable,
+    Union,
     overload,
 )
 
-from .providers import Provider, Self, ProviderParent
+try:
+    from typing import Self as _Self
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Self as _Self
 
+from .providers import Provider, Resource, Self, ProviderParent
 
 C_Base = TypeVar("C_Base", bound="Container")
 C = TypeVar("C", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
@@ -26,51 +30,66 @@ C_Overriding = TypeVar("C_Overriding", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
 T = TypeVar("T")
 TT = TypeVar("TT")
 
-
 class WiringConfiguration:
     modules: List[Any]
     packages: List[Any]
     from_package: Optional[str]
     auto_wire: bool
-    def __init__(self, modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, from_package: Optional[str] = None, auto_wire: bool = True) -> None: ...
+    keep_cache: bool
-
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        from_package: Optional[str] = None,
+        auto_wire: bool = True,
+        keep_cache: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
 
 class Container:
-    provider_type: Type[Provider] = Provider
+    provider_type: Type[Provider[Any]] = Provider
-    providers: Dict[str, Provider]
+    providers: Dict[str, Provider[Any]]
-    dependencies: Dict[str, Provider]
+    dependencies: Dict[str, Provider[Any]]
-    overridden: Tuple[Provider]
+    overridden: Tuple[Provider[Any], ...]
     wiring_config: WiringConfiguration
     auto_load_config: bool = True
     __self__: Self
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Provider: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> _Self: ...
-    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Provider[Any], Any]) -> None: ...
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider[Any]: ...
     def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None: ...
-    def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider): ...
+    def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider[Any]) -> None: ...
-    def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider) -> None: ...
+    def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider[Any]) -> None: ...
     def override(self, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
-    def override_providers(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
+    def override_providers(
+        self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]
+    ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     def reset_last_overriding(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_override(self) -> None: ...
     def is_auto_wiring_enabled(self) -> bool: ...
-    def wire(self, modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, from_package: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    def wire(
+        self,
+        modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        from_package: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def unwire(self) -> None: ...
-    def init_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
+    def init_resources(self, resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: ...
-    def shutdown_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
+    def shutdown_resources(self, resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: ...
     def load_config(self) -> None: ...
     def apply_container_providers_overridings(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_singletons(self) -> SingletonResetContext[C_Base]: ...
     def check_dependencies(self) -> None: ...
     def from_schema(self, schema: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], loader: Optional[Any]=None) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml_schema(
+        self, filepath: Union[Path, str], loader: Optional[Any] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_json_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str]) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
+    def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider[Any]) -> str: ...
     @classmethod
     @overload
-    def resolve_provider_name(cls, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
+    def resolve_provider_name(cls, provider: Provider[Any]) -> str: ...
     @property
     def parent(self) -> Optional[ProviderParent]: ...
     @property
@@ -82,40 +101,37 @@ class Container:
     @overload
     def traverse(cls, types: Optional[Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None) -> Iterator[TT]: ...
 
-
 class DynamicContainer(Container): ...
 
-
 class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
-    cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
+    cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider[Any]]]
-    inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
+    inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider[Any]]]
-    def __init__(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def override(cls, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
-    def override_providers(cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
+    def override_providers(
+        cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]
+    ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_last_overriding(cls) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_override(cls) -> None: ...
 
-
 class ProvidersOverridingContext(Generic[T]):
-    def __init__(self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider, Any]]) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider[Any], Any]]
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
 class SingletonResetContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, container: T): ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
+def override(
-def override(container: Type[C]) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
+    container: Type[C],
-
+) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
-
 def copy(container: Type[C]) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
-
-
 def is_container(instance: Any) -> bool: ...

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyx

@@ -1,61 +1,37 @@
 """Containers module."""
 
+import asyncio
 import contextlib
 import copy as copy_module
 import json
-import sys
 import importlib
 import inspect
-import warnings
-
-try:
-    import asyncio
-except ImportError:
-    asyncio = None
 
 try:
     import yaml
 except ImportError:
     yaml = None
 
-import six
-
 from . import providers, errors
 from .providers cimport __is_future_or_coroutine
-
+from .wiring import wire, unwire
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 6):
-    from .wiring import wire, unwire
-else:
-    def wire(*args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError("Wiring requires Python 3.6 or above")
-
-    def unwire(*args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError("Wiring requires Python 3.6 or above")
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
-    warnings.warn(
-        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
-        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
-        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
-        category=DeprecationWarning,
-    )
 
 
 class WiringConfiguration:
     """Container wiring configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, auto_wire=True):
+    def __init__(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, auto_wire=True, keep_cache=False):
         self.modules = [*modules] if modules else []
         self.packages = [*packages] if packages else []
         self.from_package = from_package
         self.auto_wire = auto_wire
+        self.keep_cache = keep_cache
 
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo=None):
-        return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire)
+        return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire, self.keep_cache)
 
 
-class Container(object):
+class Container:
     """Abstract container."""
 
 
@@ -201,7 +177,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(providers):
+        for name, provider in providers.items():
             setattr(self, name, provider)
 
     def set_provider(self, name, provider):
@@ -234,7 +210,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         self.overridden += (overriding,)
 
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(overriding.providers):
+        for name, provider in overriding.providers.items():
             try:
                 getattr(self, name).override(provider)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -250,7 +226,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         :rtype: None
         """
         overridden_providers = []
-        for name, overriding_provider in six.iteritems(overriding_providers):
+        for name, overriding_provider in overriding_providers.items():
             container_provider = getattr(self, name)
             container_provider.override(overriding_provider)
             overridden_providers.append(container_provider)
@@ -266,7 +242,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         self.overridden = self.overridden[:-1]
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(self.providers):
+        for provider in self.providers.values():
             provider.reset_last_overriding()
 
     def reset_override(self):
@@ -276,14 +252,14 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         """
         self.overridden = tuple()
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(self.providers):
+        for provider in self.providers.values():
             provider.reset_override()
 
     def is_auto_wiring_enabled(self):
         """Check if auto wiring is needed."""
         return self.wiring_config.auto_wire is True
 
-    def wire(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None):
+    def wire(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, keep_cache=None):
         """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules.
 
         :rtype: None
@@ -314,10 +290,14 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         if not modules and not packages:
             return
 
+        if keep_cache is None:
+            keep_cache = self.wiring_config.keep_cache
+
         wire(
             container=self,
             modules=modules,
             packages=packages,
+            keep_cache=keep_cache,
         )
 
         if modules:
@@ -335,11 +315,15 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         self.wired_to_modules.clear()
         self.wired_to_packages.clear()
 
-    def init_resources(self):
+    def init_resources(self, resource_type=providers.Resource):
         """Initialize all container resources."""
+
+        if not issubclass(resource_type, providers.Resource):
+            raise TypeError("resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider")
+
         futures = []
 
-        for provider in self.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
+        for provider in self.traverse(types=[resource_type]):
             resource = provider.init()
 
             if __is_future_or_coroutine(resource):
@@ -348,8 +332,12 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         if futures:
             return asyncio.gather(*futures)
 
-    def shutdown_resources(self):
+    def shutdown_resources(self, resource_type=providers.Resource):
         """Shutdown all container resources."""
+
+        if not issubclass(resource_type, providers.Resource):
+            raise TypeError("resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider")
+
         def _independent_resources(resources):
             for resource in resources:
                 for other_resource in resources:
@@ -380,7 +368,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
                 for resource in resources_to_shutdown:
                     resource.shutdown()
 
-        resources = list(self.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]))
+        resources = list(self.traverse(types=[resource_type]))
         if any(resource.is_async_mode_enabled() for resource in resources):
             return _async_ordered_shutdown(resources)
         else:
@@ -495,13 +483,13 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
 
         containers = {
             name: container
-            for name, container in six.iteritems(attributes)
+            for name, container in attributes.items()
             if is_container(container)
         }
 
         cls_providers = {
             name: provider
-            for name, provider in six.iteritems(attributes)
+            for name, provider in attributes.items()
             if isinstance(provider, providers.Provider) and not isinstance(provider, providers.Self)
         }
 
@@ -509,7 +497,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
             name: provider
             for base in bases
             if is_container(base) and base is not DynamicContainer
-            for name, provider in six.iteritems(base.providers)
+            for name, provider in base.providers.items()
         }
 
         all_providers = {}
@@ -536,10 +524,10 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
         self.set_container(cls)
         cls.__self__ = self
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
+        for provider in cls.providers.values():
             _check_provider_type(cls, provider)
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.cls_providers):
+        for provider in cls.cls_providers.values():
             if isinstance(provider, providers.CHILD_PROVIDERS):
                 provider.assign_parent(cls)
 
@@ -641,8 +629,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
         return self
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(DeclarativeContainerMetaClass)
+class DeclarativeContainer(Container, metaclass=DeclarativeContainerMetaClass):
-class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
     """Declarative inversion of control container.
 
     .. code-block:: python
@@ -767,7 +754,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
 
         cls.overridden += (overriding,)
 
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(overriding.cls_providers):
+        for name, provider in overriding.cls_providers.items():
             try:
                 getattr(cls, name).override(provider)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -784,7 +771,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
 
         cls.overridden = cls.overridden[:-1]
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
+        for provider in cls.providers.values():
             provider.reset_last_overriding()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -795,7 +782,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
         """
         cls.overridden = tuple()
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
+        for provider in cls.providers.values():
             provider.reset_override()
 
 
@@ -858,7 +845,7 @@ def copy(object base_container):
     """
     def _get_memo_for_matching_names(new_providers, base_providers):
         memo = {}
-        for new_provider_name, new_provider in six.iteritems(new_providers):
+        for new_provider_name, new_provider in new_providers.items():
             if new_provider_name not in base_providers:
                 continue
             source_provider = base_providers[new_provider_name]
@@ -877,7 +864,7 @@ def copy(object base_container):
         new_providers.update(providers.deepcopy(base_container.providers, memo))
         new_providers.update(providers.deepcopy(new_container.cls_providers, memo))
 
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(new_providers):
+        for name, provider in new_providers.items():
             setattr(new_container, name, provider)
         return new_container
 

src/dependency_injector/errors.py

@@ -10,3 +10,24 @@ class Error(Exception):
 
 class NoSuchProviderError(Error, AttributeError):
     """Error that is raised when provider lookup is failed."""
+
+
+class NonCopyableArgumentError(Error):
+    """Error that is raised when provider argument is not deep-copyable."""
+
+    index: int
+    keyword: str
+    provider: object
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: object, index: int = -1, keyword: str = "") -> None:
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.index = index
+        self.keyword = keyword
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        s = (
+            f"keyword argument {self.keyword}"
+            if self.keyword
+            else f"argument at index {self.index}"
+        )
+        return f"Couldn't copy {s} for provider {self.provider!r}"

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import warnings
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 warnings.warn(
     'Module "dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp" is deprecated since '
     'version 4.0.0. Use "dependency_injector.wiring" module instead.',
@@ -38,9 +37,11 @@ class View(providers.Callable):
 
     def as_view(self):
         """Return aiohttp view function."""
+
         @functools.wraps(self.provides)
         async def _view(request, *args, **kwargs):
             return await self.__call__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
         return _view
 
 
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
 
     def as_view(self):
         """Return aiohttp view function."""
+
         async def _view(request, *args, **kwargs):
             return await self.__call__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
         return _view

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.pyi

@@ -1,23 +1,16 @@
-from typing import Awaitable as _Awaitable
+from typing import Any, Awaitable as _Awaitable, TypeVar
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
+T = TypeVar("T")
 
-class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
+class Application(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+class Extension(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable[T]): ...
+class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory[T]): ...
 
+class View(providers.Callable[T]):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable[T]: ...
 
-class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
+class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory[T]):
-
+    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable[T]: ...
-
-class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable): ...
-
-
-class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory): ...
-
-
-class View(providers.Callable):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...
-
-
-class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Flask extension module."""
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import warnings
 
 from flask import request as flask_request
 
-from dependency_injector import providers, errors
+from dependency_injector import errors, providers
-
 
 warnings.warn(
     'Module "dependency_injector.ext.flask" is deprecated since '
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
 def as_view(provider, name=None):
     """Transform class-based view provider to view function."""
     if isinstance(provider, providers.Factory):
+
         def view(*args, **kwargs):
             self = provider()
             return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -52,12 +53,13 @@ def as_view(provider, name=None):
         assert name, 'Argument "endpoint" is required for class-based views'
         view.__name__ = name
     elif isinstance(provider, providers.Callable):
+
         def view(*args, **kwargs):
             return provider(*args, **kwargs)
 
         view.__name__ = provider.provides.__name__
     else:
-        raise errors.Error('Undefined provider type')
+        raise errors.Error("Undefined provider type")
 
     view.__doc__ = provider.provides.__doc__
     view.__module__ = provider.provides.__module__
@@ -65,14 +67,14 @@ def as_view(provider, name=None):
     if isinstance(provider.provides, type):
         view.view_class = provider.provides
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'decorators'):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, "decorators"):
         for decorator in provider.provides.decorators:
             view = decorator(view)
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'methods'):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, "methods"):
         view.methods = provider.provides.methods
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'provide_automatic_options'):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, "provide_automatic_options"):
         view.provide_automatic_options = provider.provides.provide_automatic_options
 
     return view

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.pyi

@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
-from typing import Union, Optional, Callable as _Callable, Any
+from typing import Any, Callable as _Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Union
+
+from flask.wrappers import Request
 
-from flask import request as flask_request
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
+request: providers.Object[Request]
+T = TypeVar("T")
 
-request: providers.Object[flask_request]
+class Application(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+class Extension(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
 
+class View(providers.Callable[T]):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
 
-class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
+class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory[T]):
+    def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
 
-
+def as_view(
-class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
+    provider: Union[View[T], ClassBasedView[T]], name: Optional[str] = None
-
+) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
-
-class View(providers.Callable):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
-
-
-class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
-    def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
-
-
-def as_view(provider: Union[View, ClassBasedView], name: Optional[str] = None) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/starlette.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Type
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Self
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import Container
+from dependency_injector.providers import Resource
+
+
+class Lifespan:
+    """A starlette lifespan handler performing container resource initialization and shutdown.
+
+    See https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/ for details.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
+        from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+        from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Self, Singleton
+        from starlette.applications import Starlette
+
+        class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
+            __self__ = Self()
+            lifespan = Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
+            app = Factory(Starlette, lifespan=lifespan)
+
+    :param container: container instance
+    :param resource_type: A :py:class:`~dependency_injector.resources.Resource`
+        subclass. Limits the resources to be initialized and shutdown.
+    """
+
+    container: Container
+    resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        container: Container,
+        resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.container = container
+        self.resource_type = resource_type
+
+    def __call__(self, app: Any) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        result = self.container.init_resources(self.resource_type)
+
+        if result is not None:
+            await result
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
+        result = self.container.shutdown_resources(self.resource_type)
+
+        if result is not None:
+            await result

src/dependency_injector/providers.pxd

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 """Providers module."""
 
-try:
+import asyncio
-    import asyncio
-except ImportError:
-    asyncio = None
-
 import functools
 
 cimport cython
@@ -19,11 +15,11 @@ cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES
 
 
 # Base providers
-cdef class Provider(object):
+cdef class Provider:
-    cdef tuple __overridden
+    cdef tuple _overridden
-    cdef Provider __last_overriding
+    cdef Provider _last_overriding
-    cdef tuple __overrides
+    cdef tuple _overrides
-    cdef int __async_mode
+    cdef int _async_mode
 
     cpdef bint is_async_mode_enabled(self)
     cpdef bint is_async_mode_disabled(self)
@@ -34,32 +30,32 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
 
 
 cdef class Object(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Self(Provider):
-    cdef object __container
+    cdef object _container
-    cdef tuple __alt_names
+    cdef tuple _alt_names
 
 
 cdef class Delegate(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Aggregate(Provider):
-    cdef dict __providers
+    cdef dict _providers
 
     cdef Provider __get_provider(self, object provider_name)
 
 
 cdef class Dependency(Provider):
-    cdef object __instance_of
+    cdef object _instance_of
-    cdef object __default
+    cdef object _default
-    cdef object __parent
+    cdef object _parent
 
 
 cdef class ExternalDependency(Dependency):
@@ -67,21 +63,21 @@ cdef class ExternalDependency(Dependency):
 
 
 cdef class DependenciesContainer(Object):
-    cdef dict __providers
+    cdef dict _providers
-    cdef object __parent
+    cdef object _parent
 
     cpdef object _override_providers(self, object container)
 
 
 # Callable providers
 cdef class Callable(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
 
-    cdef tuple __args
+    cdef tuple _args
-    cdef int __args_len
+    cdef int _args_len
 
-    cdef tuple __kwargs
+    cdef tuple _kwargs
-    cdef int __kwargs_len
+    cdef int _kwargs_len
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
@@ -117,11 +113,11 @@ cdef class CoroutineDelegate(Delegate):
 
 # Configuration providers
 cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
-    cdef tuple __name
+    cdef tuple _name
-    cdef Configuration __root
+    cdef Configuration _root
-    cdef dict __children
+    cdef dict _children
-    cdef bint __required
+    cdef bint _required
-    cdef object __cache
+    cdef object _cache
 
 
 cdef class TypedConfigurationOption(Callable):
@@ -129,22 +125,22 @@ cdef class TypedConfigurationOption(Callable):
 
 
 cdef class Configuration(Object):
-    cdef str __name
+    cdef str _name
     cdef bint __strict
-    cdef dict __children
+    cdef dict _children
-    cdef list __ini_files
+    cdef list _ini_files
-    cdef list __yaml_files
+    cdef list _yaml_files
-    cdef list __json_files
+    cdef list _json_files
-    cdef list __pydantic_settings
+    cdef list _pydantic_settings
     cdef object __weakref__
 
 
 # Factory providers
 cdef class Factory(Provider):
-    cdef Callable __instantiator
+    cdef Callable _instantiator
 
-    cdef tuple __attributes
+    cdef tuple _attributes
-    cdef int __attributes_len
+    cdef int _attributes_len
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
@@ -167,8 +163,8 @@ cdef class FactoryAggregate(Aggregate):
 
 # Singleton providers
 cdef class BaseSingleton(Provider):
-    cdef Factory __instantiator
+    cdef Factory _instantiator
-    cdef object __storage
+    cdef object _storage
 
 
 cdef class Singleton(BaseSingleton):
@@ -181,7 +177,7 @@ cdef class DelegatedSingleton(Singleton):
 
 
 cdef class ThreadSafeSingleton(BaseSingleton):
-    cdef object __storage_lock
+    cdef object _storage_lock
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
@@ -215,87 +211,87 @@ cdef class SingletonDelegate(Delegate):
 # Miscellaneous providers
 
 cdef class List(Provider):
-    cdef tuple __args
+    cdef tuple _args
-    cdef int __args_len
+    cdef int _args_len
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Dict(Provider):
-    cdef tuple __kwargs
+    cdef tuple _kwargs
-    cdef int __kwargs_len
+    cdef int _kwargs_len
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Resource(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
-    cdef bint __initialized
+    cdef bint _initialized
-    cdef object __shutdowner
+    cdef object _shutdowner
-    cdef object __resource
+    cdef object _resource
 
-    cdef tuple __args
+    cdef tuple _args
-    cdef int __args_len
+    cdef int _args_len
 
-    cdef tuple __kwargs
+    cdef tuple _kwargs
-    cdef int __kwargs_len
+    cdef int _kwargs_len
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Container(Provider):
-    cdef object __container_cls
+    cdef object _container_cls
-    cdef dict __overriding_providers
+    cdef dict _overriding_providers
-    cdef object __container
+    cdef object _container
-    cdef object __parent
+    cdef object _parent
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Selector(Provider):
-    cdef object __selector
+    cdef object _selector
-    cdef dict __providers
+    cdef dict _providers
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 # Provided instance
 
 cdef class ProvidedInstance(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class AttributeGetter(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
-    cdef object __name
+    cdef object _name
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class ItemGetter(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
-    cdef object __name
+    cdef object _name
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
-    cdef object __provides
+    cdef object _provides
-    cdef tuple __args
+    cdef tuple _args
-    cdef int __args_len
+    cdef int _args_len
-    cdef tuple __kwargs
+    cdef tuple _kwargs
-    cdef int __kwargs_len
+    cdef int _kwargs_len
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 # Injections
-cdef class Injection(object):
+cdef class Injection:
-    cdef object __value
+    cdef object _value
-    cdef int __is_provider
+    cdef int _is_provider
-    cdef int __is_delegated
+    cdef int _is_delegated
-    cdef int __call
+    cdef int _call
 
 
 cdef class PositionalInjection(Injection):
@@ -303,7 +299,7 @@ cdef class PositionalInjection(Injection):
 
 
 cdef class NamedInjection(Injection):
-    cdef object __name
+    cdef object _name
 
 
 cpdef tuple parse_positional_injections(tuple args)
@@ -313,13 +309,13 @@ cpdef tuple parse_named_injections(dict kwargs)
 
 
 # Utils
-cdef class OverridingContext(object):
+cdef class OverridingContext:
-    cdef Provider __overridden
+    cdef Provider _overridden
-    cdef Provider __overriding
+    cdef Provider _overriding
 
 
-cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext(object):
+cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext:
-    cdef object __singleton
+    cdef object _singleton
 
 
 cdef class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
@@ -356,19 +352,19 @@ cpdef object deepcopy(object instance, dict memo=*)
 
 # Inline helper functions
 cdef inline object __get_name(NamedInjection self):
-    return self.__name
+    return self._name
 
 
 cdef inline object __get_value(Injection self):
-    if self.__call == 0:
+    if self._call == 0:
-        return self.__value
+        return self._value
-    return self.__value()
+    return self._value()
 
 
 cdef inline object __get_value_kwargs(Injection self, dict kwargs):
-    if self.__call == 0:
+    if self._call == 0:
-        return self.__value
+        return self._value
-    return self.__value(**kwargs)
+    return self._value(**kwargs)
 
 
 cdef inline tuple __separate_prefixed_kwargs(dict kwargs):
@@ -633,14 +629,14 @@ cdef inline object __async_result_callback(object future_result, object future):
 
 cdef inline object __callable_call(Callable self, tuple args, dict kwargs, ):
     return __call(
-        self.__provides,
+        self._provides,
         args,
-        self.__args,
+        self._args,
-        self.__args_len,
+        self._args_len,
         kwargs,
-        self.__kwargs,
+        self._kwargs,
-        self.__kwargs_len,
+        self._kwargs_len,
-        self.__async_mode,
+        self._async_mode,
     )
 
 
@@ -648,18 +644,18 @@ cdef inline object __factory_call(Factory self, tuple args, dict kwargs):
     cdef object instance
 
     instance = __call(
-        self.__instantiator.__provides,
+        self._instantiator._provides,
         args,
-        self.__instantiator.__args,
+        self._instantiator._args,
-        self.__instantiator.__args_len,
+        self._instantiator._args_len,
         kwargs,
-        self.__instantiator.__kwargs,
+        self._instantiator._kwargs,
-        self.__instantiator.__kwargs_len,
+        self._instantiator._kwargs_len,
-        self.__async_mode,
+        self._async_mode,
     )
 
-    if self.__attributes_len > 0:
+    if self._attributes_len > 0:
-        attributes = __provide_attributes(self.__attributes, self.__attributes_len)
+        attributes = __provide_attributes(self._attributes, self._attributes_len)
 
         is_future_instance = __is_future_or_coroutine(instance)
         is_future_attributes = __is_future_or_coroutine(attributes)
@@ -701,3 +697,10 @@ cdef inline object __future_result(object instance):
     future_result = asyncio.Future()
     future_result.set_result(instance)
     return future_result
+
+
+cdef class NullAwaitable:
+    pass
+
+
+cdef NullAwaitable NULL_AWAITABLE

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyi

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from . import resources
 
-
 Injection = Any
 ProviderParent = Union["Provider", Any]
 T = TypeVar("T")
@@ -41,16 +40,13 @@ TT = TypeVar("TT")
 P = TypeVar("P", bound="Provider")
 BS = TypeVar("BS", bound="BaseSingleton")
 
-
 class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-
     @overload
     def __call__(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> T: ...
     @overload
     def __call__(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
     def async_(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
-
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]) -> Provider: ...
     def __str__(self) -> str: ...
     def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
@@ -67,9 +63,9 @@ class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def unregister_overrides(self, provider: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
     def delegate(self) -> Provider: ...
     @property
-    def provider(self) -> Provider: ...
+    def provider(self) -> Provider[T]: ...
     @property
-    def provided(self) -> ProvidedInstance: ...
+    def provided(self) -> ProvidedInstance[T]: ...
     def enable_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
     def disable_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
@@ -78,9 +74,12 @@ class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def is_async_mode_undefined(self) -> bool: ...
     @property
     def related(self) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
-    def traverse(self, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None) -> _Iterator[TT]: ...
+    def traverse(
-    def _copy_overridings(self, copied: Provider, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]) -> None: ...
+        self, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None
-
+    ) -> _Iterator[TT]: ...
+    def _copy_overridings(
+        self, copied: Provider, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]
+    ) -> None: ...
 
 class Object(Provider[T]):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[T] = None) -> None: ...
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@ class Object(Provider[T]):
     def provides(self) -> Optional[T]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[T]) -> Object: ...
 
-
 class Self(Provider[T]):
     def __init__(self, container: Optional[T] = None) -> None: ...
     def set_container(self, container: T) -> None: ...
@@ -96,41 +94,51 @@ class Self(Provider[T]):
     @property
     def alt_names(self) -> Tuple[Any]: ...
 
-
 class Delegate(Provider[Provider]):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[Provider]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Provider]) -> Delegate: ...
 
-
 class Aggregate(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Provider[T]): ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None,
+        **provider_kwargs: Provider[T],
+    ): ...
     def __getattr__(self, provider_name: Any) -> Provider[T]: ...
-
     @overload
-    def __call__(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> T: ...
+    def __call__(
+        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> T: ...
     @overload
-    def __call__(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+    def __call__(
-    def async_(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
-
+    ) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+    def async_(
+        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
     @property
     def providers(self) -> _Dict[Any, Provider[T]]: ...
-    def set_providers(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Provider[T]) -> Aggregate[T]: ...
+    def set_providers(
-
+        self,
+        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None,
+        **provider_kwargs: Provider[T],
+    ) -> Aggregate[T]: ...
 
 class Dependency(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, instance_of: Type[T] = object, default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]] = None) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        instance_of: Type[T] = object,
+        default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any: ...
-
     @property
     def instance_of(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     def set_instance_of(self, instance_of: Type[T]) -> Dependency[T]: ...
-
     @property
     def default(self) -> Provider[T]: ...
     def set_default(self, default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]]) -> Dependency[T]: ...
-
     @property
     def is_defined(self) -> bool: ...
     def provided_by(self, provider: Provider) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
@@ -140,10 +148,8 @@ class Dependency(Provider[T]):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
-
 class ExternalDependency(Dependency[T]): ...
 
-
 class DependenciesContainer(Object):
     def __init__(self, **dependencies: Provider) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
@@ -156,12 +162,18 @@ class DependenciesContainer(Object):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Callable(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> Callable[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
+    ) -> Callable[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> Callable[T]: ...
@@ -173,32 +185,23 @@ class Callable(Provider[T]):
     def set_kwargs(self, **kwargs: Injection) -> Callable[T]: ...
     def clear_kwargs(self) -> Callable[T]: ...
 
-
 class DelegatedCallable(Callable[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractCallable(Callable[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Callable) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class CallableDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, callable: Callable) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Coroutine(Callable[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedCoroutine(Coroutine[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractCoroutine(Coroutine[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Coroutine) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class CoroutineDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, coroutine: Coroutine) -> None: ...
 
-
 class ConfigurationOption(Provider[Any]):
     UNDEFINED: object
     def __init__(self, name: Tuple[str], root: Configuration) -> None: ...
@@ -212,89 +215,137 @@ class ConfigurationOption(Provider[Any]):
     def get_name_segments(self) -> Tuple[Union[str, Provider]]: ...
     def as_int(self) -> TypedConfigurationOption[int]: ...
     def as_float(self) -> TypedConfigurationOption[float]: ...
-    def as_(self, callback: _Callable[..., T], *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> TypedConfigurationOption[T]: ...
+    def as_(
+        self, callback: _Callable[..., T], *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> TypedConfigurationOption[T]: ...
     def required(self) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
     def is_required(self) -> bool: ...
     def update(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def from_ini(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_ini(
-    def from_yaml(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, loader: Optional[Any] = None, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+        self,
-    def from_json(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-    def from_pydantic(self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        loader: Optional[Any] = None,
+        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_json(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_pydantic(
+        self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_dict(self, options: _Dict[str, Any], required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_env(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None, required: bool = False, as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None) -> None: ...
+    def from_env(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: Optional[Any] = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_value(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
 class TypedConfigurationOption(Callable[T]):
     @property
     def option(self) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
 
-
 class Configuration(Object[Any]):
     DEFAULT_NAME: str = "config"
     def __init__(
-            self,
+        self,
-            name: str = DEFAULT_NAME,
+        name: str = DEFAULT_NAME,
-            default: Optional[Any] = None,
+        default: Optional[Any] = None,
-            *,
+        *,
-            strict: bool = False,
+        strict: bool = False,
-            ini_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+        ini_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-            yaml_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+        yaml_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-            json_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+        json_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-            pydantic_settings: Optional[_Iterable[PydanticSettings]] = None,
+        pydantic_settings: Optional[_Iterable[PydanticSettings]] = None,
     ) -> None: ...
-    def __enter__(self) -> Configuration : ...
+    def __enter__(self) -> Configuration: ...
     def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
     def __getitem__(self, item: Union[str, Provider]) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
-
     def get_name(self) -> str: ...
     def set_name(self, name: str) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_default(self) -> _Dict[Any, Any]: ...
     def set_default(self, default: _Dict[Any, Any]): ...
-
     def get_strict(self) -> bool: ...
     def set_strict(self, strict: bool) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_children(self) -> _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]: ...
-    def set_children(self, children: _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]) -> Configuration: ...
+    def set_children(
-
+        self, children: _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]
+    ) -> Configuration: ...
     def get_ini_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_ini_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_yaml_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_yaml_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_json_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_json_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_pydantic_settings(self) -> _List[PydanticSettings]: ...
-    def set_pydantic_settings(self, settings: _Iterable[PydanticSettings]) -> Configuration: ...
+    def set_pydantic_settings(
-
+        self, settings: _Iterable[PydanticSettings]
+    ) -> Configuration: ...
     def load(self, required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-
     def get(self, selector: str) -> Any: ...
     def set(self, selector: str, value: Any) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
     def reset_cache(self) -> None: ...
     def update(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def from_ini(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_ini(
-    def from_yaml(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, loader: Optional[Any] = None, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+        self,
-    def from_json(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-    def from_pydantic(self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        loader: Optional[Any] = None,
+        envs_required: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_json(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_pydantic(
+        self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_dict(self, options: _Dict[str, Any], required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_env(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None, required: bool = False, as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None) -> None: ...
+    def from_env(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: Optional[Any] = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_value(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Factory(Provider[T]):
     provided_type: Optional[Type]
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def cls(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> Factory[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
+    ) -> Factory[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> Factory[T]: ...
@@ -311,33 +362,39 @@ class Factory(Provider[T]):
     def set_attributes(self, **kwargs: Injection) -> Factory[T]: ...
     def clear_attributes(self) -> Factory[T]: ...
 
-
 class DelegatedFactory(Factory[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractFactory(Factory[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Factory) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class FactoryDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, factory: Factory): ...
 
-
 class FactoryAggregate(Aggregate[T]):
     def __getattr__(self, provider_name: Any) -> Factory[T]: ...
     @property
     def factories(self) -> _Dict[Any, Factory[T]]: ...
-    def set_factories(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Factory[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Factory[T]) -> FactoryAggregate[T]: ...
+    def set_factories(
-
+        self,
+        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Factory[T]]] = None,
+        **provider_kwargs: Factory[T],
+    ) -> FactoryAggregate[T]: ...
 
 class BaseSingleton(Provider[T]):
     provided_type = Optional[Type]
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def cls(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
+    ) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
@@ -356,36 +413,20 @@ class BaseSingleton(Provider[T]):
     def reset(self) -> SingletonResetContext[BS]: ...
     def full_reset(self) -> SingletonFullResetContext[BS]: ...
 
-
 class Singleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedSingleton(Singleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class ThreadSafeSingleton(Singleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedThreadSafeSingleton(ThreadSafeSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class ThreadLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class ContextLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedThreadLocalSingleton(ThreadLocalSingleton[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]):
     def override(self, provider: BaseSingleton) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class SingletonDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, singleton: BaseSingleton): ...
 
-
 class List(Provider[_List]):
     def __init__(self, *args: Injection): ...
     @property
@@ -394,29 +435,63 @@ class List(Provider[_List]):
     def set_args(self, *args: Injection) -> List[T]: ...
     def clear_args(self) -> List[T]: ...
 
-
 class Dict(Provider[_Dict]):
-    def __init__(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection): ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
+    ): ...
     @property
     def kwargs(self) -> _Dict[Any, Injection]: ...
-    def add_kwargs(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection) -> Dict: ...
+    def add_kwargs(
-    def set_kwargs(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection) -> Dict: ...
+        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Dict: ...
+    def set_kwargs(
+        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Dict: ...
     def clear_kwargs(self) -> Dict: ...
 
-
 class Resource(Provider[T]):
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Type[resources.Resource[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Type[resources.Resource[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Type[resources.AsyncResource[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Type[resources.AsyncResource[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Iterator[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Iterator[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _AsyncIterator[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _AsyncIterator[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Coroutine[Injection, Injection, T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Coroutine[Injection, Injection, T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Any]) -> Resource[T]: ...
@@ -435,9 +510,13 @@ class Resource(Provider[T]):
     def init(self) -> Optional[Awaitable[T]]: ...
     def shutdown(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
 
-
 class Container(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, container_cls: Type[T], container: Optional[T] = None, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        container_cls: Type[T],
+        container: Optional[T] = None,
+        **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any],
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
     @property
     def container(self) -> T: ...
@@ -448,50 +527,51 @@ class Container(Provider[T]):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Selector(Provider[Any]):
-    def __init__(self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None, **providers: Provider): ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None, **providers: Provider
+    ): ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
-
     @property
     def selector(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]: ...
     def set_selector(self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]) -> Selector: ...
-
     @property
     def providers(self) -> _Dict[str, Provider]: ...
     def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider) -> Selector: ...
 
-
 class ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface:
     def __getattr__(self, item: Any) -> AttributeGetter: ...
     def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> ItemGetter: ...
     def call(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> MethodCaller: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[Provider]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Provider]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
+    def set_provides(
-
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider]
+    ) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
 class ProvidedInstance(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None) -> None: ...
 
-
 class AttributeGetter(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def set_name(self, name: Optional[str]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
-
 class ItemGetter(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def set_name(self, name: Optional[str]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
-
 class MethodCaller(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
-
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> None: ...
 
 class OverridingContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, overridden: Provider, overriding: Provider): ...
@@ -500,47 +580,39 @@ class OverridingContext(Generic[T]):
         pass
     ...
 
-
 class BaseSingletonResetContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, provider: T): ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
+class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext): ...
-class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
+class SingletonFullResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext): ...
-    ...
-
-
-class SingletonFullResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
-    ...
-
 
 CHILD_PROVIDERS: Tuple[Provider]
 
-
 def is_provider(instance: Any) -> bool: ...
-
-
 def ensure_is_provider(instance: Any) -> Provider: ...
-
-
 def is_delegated(instance: Any) -> bool: ...
-
-
 def represent_provider(provider: Provider, provides: Any) -> str: ...
-
+def deepcopy(instance: Any, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]] = None) -> Any: ...
-
+def deepcopy_args(
-def deepcopy(instance: Any, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]] = None): Any: ...
+    provider: Provider[Any],
-
+    args: Tuple[Any, ...],
-
+    memo: Optional[_Dict[int, Any]] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Any, ...]: ...
+def deepcopy_kwargs(
+    provider: Provider[Any],
+    kwargs: _Dict[str, Any],
+    memo: Optional[_Dict[int, Any]] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
 def merge_dicts(dict1: _Dict[Any, Any], dict2: _Dict[Any, Any]) -> _Dict[Any, Any]: ...
-
+def traverse(
-
+    *providers: Provider, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type]] = None
-def traverse(*providers: Provider, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type]]=None) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
+) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
-
 
 if yaml:
     class YamlLoader(yaml.SafeLoader): ...
+
 else:
     class YamlLoader: ...
 

src/dependency_injector/resources.py

@@ -1,27 +1,54 @@
 """Resources module."""
 
-import abc
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
-from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Optional
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar
-
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
-class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    __slots__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = ("args", "kwargs", "obj")
 
-    @abc.abstractmethod
+    obj: Optional[T]
-    def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]:
-        ...
 
-    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        ...
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.obj = None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[T]: ...
+
+    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Optional[T]:
+        self.obj = obj = self.init(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        return obj
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
+        self.shutdown(self.obj)
+        self.obj = None
 
 
-class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    __slots__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = ("args", "kwargs", "obj")
 
-    @abc.abstractmethod
+    obj: Optional[T]
-    async def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]:
-        ...
 
-    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        ...
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.obj = None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[T]: ...
+
+    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Optional[T]:
+        self.obj = obj = await self.init(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        return obj
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
+        await self.shutdown(self.obj)
+        self.obj = None

src/dependency_injector/schema.py

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
         return self._container.providers
 
     def _create_providers(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
+        provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
-            container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
+        container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if container is None:
             container = self._container
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                 self._create_providers(provider_schema=data, container=provider)
 
     def _setup_injections(  # noqa: C901
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
+        provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
-            container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
+        container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if container is None:
             container = self._container
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
             provides = data.get("provides")
             if provides:
                 if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
-                    provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
+                    provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container.") :])
                 else:
                     provides = _import_string(provides)
                 provider.set_provides(provides)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                     injection = None
 
                     if isinstance(arg, str) and arg.startswith("container."):
-                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container."):])
+                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container.") :])
 
                     # TODO: refactoring
                     if isinstance(arg, dict):
@@ -91,16 +91,23 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                         provider_type = _get_provider_cls(arg.get("provider"))
                         provides = arg.get("provides")
                         if provides:
-                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
+                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith(
-                                provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
+                                "container."
+                            ):
+                                provides = self._resolve_provider(
+                                    provides[len("container.") :]
+                                )
                             else:
                                 provides = _import_string(provides)
                             provider_args.append(provides)
                         for provider_arg in arg.get("args", []):
-                            if isinstance(provider_arg, str) \
+                            if isinstance(
-                                    and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
+                                provider_arg, str
+                            ) and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
                                 provider_args.append(
-                                    self._resolve_provider(provider_arg[len("container."):]),
+                                    self._resolve_provider(
+                                        provider_arg[len("container.") :]
+                                    ),
                                 )
                         injection = provider_type(*provider_args)
 
@@ -117,7 +124,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                     injection = None
 
                     if isinstance(arg, str) and arg.startswith("container."):
-                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container."):])
+                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container.") :])
 
                     # TODO: refactoring
                     if isinstance(arg, dict):
@@ -125,16 +132,23 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                         provider_type = _get_provider_cls(arg.get("provider"))
                         provides = arg.get("provides")
                         if provides:
-                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
+                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith(
-                                provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
+                                "container."
+                            ):
+                                provides = self._resolve_provider(
+                                    provides[len("container.") :]
+                                )
                             else:
                                 provides = _import_string(provides)
                             provider_args.append(provides)
                         for provider_arg in arg.get("args", []):
-                            if isinstance(provider_arg, str) \
+                            if isinstance(
-                                    and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
+                                provider_arg, str
+                            ) and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
                                 provider_args.append(
-                                    self._resolve_provider(provider_arg[len("container."):]),
+                                    self._resolve_provider(
+                                        provider_arg[len("container.") :]
+                                    ),
                                 )
                         injection = provider_type(*provider_args)
 
@@ -158,7 +172,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
         for segment in segments[1:]:
             parentheses = ""
             if "(" in segment and ")" in segment:
-                parentheses = segment[segment.find("("):segment.rfind(")")+1]
+                parentheses = segment[segment.find("(") : segment.rfind(")") + 1]
                 segment = segment.replace(parentheses, "")
 
             try:
@@ -190,10 +204,12 @@ def _get_provider_cls(provider_cls_name: str) -> Type[providers.Provider]:
     if custom_provider_type:
         return custom_provider_type
 
-    raise SchemaError(f"Undefined provider class \"{provider_cls_name}\"")
+    raise SchemaError(f'Undefined provider class "{provider_cls_name}"')
 
 
-def _fetch_provider_cls_from_std(provider_cls_name: str) -> Optional[Type[providers.Provider]]:
+def _fetch_provider_cls_from_std(
+    provider_cls_name: str,
+) -> Optional[Type[providers.Provider]]:
     return getattr(providers, provider_cls_name, None)
 
 
@@ -201,12 +217,16 @@ def _import_provider_cls(provider_cls_name: str) -> Optional[Type[providers.Prov
     try:
         cls = _import_string(provider_cls_name)
     except (ImportError, ValueError) as exception:
-        raise SchemaError(f"Can not import provider \"{provider_cls_name}\"") from exception
+        raise SchemaError(
+            f'Can not import provider "{provider_cls_name}"'
+        ) from exception
     except AttributeError:
         return None
     else:
         if isinstance(cls, type) and not issubclass(cls, providers.Provider):
-            raise SchemaError(f"Provider class \"{cls}\" is not a subclass of providers base class")
+            raise SchemaError(
+                f'Provider class "{cls}" is not a subclass of providers base class'
+            )
         return cls
 
 

src/dependency_injector/wiring.py

@@ -1,34 +1,45 @@
 """Wiring module."""
 
 import functools
-import inspect
 import importlib
 import importlib.machinery
+import inspect
 import pkgutil
-import warnings
 import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from inspect import isbuiltin, isclass
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import (
-    Optional,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
-    Callable,
+    List,
-    Any,
+    Optional,
-    Tuple,
+    Protocol,
-    Dict,
-    Generic,
-    TypeVar,
-    Type,
-    Union,
     Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
     cast,
 )
+from warnings import warn
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
+try:
-    from typing import GenericMeta
+    from typing import Self
-else:
+except ImportError:
-    class GenericMeta(type):
+    from typing_extensions import Self
-        ...
+
+try:
+    from functools import cache
+except ImportError:
+    from functools import lru_cache
+
+    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 
 # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
@@ -36,34 +47,64 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
 else:
     GenericAlias = None
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    from typing import Annotated, get_args, get_origin
+else:
+    try:
+        from typing_extensions import Annotated, get_args, get_origin
+    except ImportError:
+        Annotated = object()
 
-try:
+        # For preventing NameError. Never executes
-    import fastapi.params
+        def get_args(hint):
-except ImportError:
+            return ()
-    fastapi = None
+
+        def get_origin(tp):
+            return None
 
 
-try:
+MARKER_EXTRACTORS: List[Callable[[Any], Any]] = []
-    import starlette.requests
+INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS: List[Callable[[Any], bool]] = [isbuiltin]
-except ImportError:
+
-    starlette = None
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from fastapi.params import Depends as FastAPIDepends
+
+    def extract_marker_from_fastapi(param: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(param, FastAPIDepends):
+            return param.dependency
+        return None
+
+    MARKER_EXTRACTORS.append(extract_marker_from_fastapi)
+
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from fast_depends.dependencies import Depends as FastDepends
+
+    def extract_marker_from_fast_depends(param: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(param, FastDepends):
+            return param.dependency
+        return None
+
+    MARKER_EXTRACTORS.append(extract_marker_from_fast_depends)
 
 
-try:
+with suppress(ImportError):
-    import werkzeug.local
+    from starlette.requests import Request as StarletteRequest
-except ImportError:
+
-    werkzeug = None
+    def is_starlette_request_cls(obj: Any) -> bool:
+        return isclass(obj) and _safe_is_subclass(obj, StarletteRequest)
+
+    INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS.append(is_starlette_request_cls)
 
 
-from . import providers
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy as WerkzeugLocalProxy
 
-if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
+    def is_werkzeug_local_proxy(obj: Any) -> bool:
-    warnings.warn(
+        return isinstance(obj, WerkzeugLocalProxy)
-        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
+
-        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
+    INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS.append(is_werkzeug_local_proxy)
-        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
+
-        category=DeprecationWarning,
+from . import providers  # noqa: E402
-    )
 
 __all__ = (
     "wire",
@@ -87,7 +128,15 @@ __all__ = (
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
-Container = Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .containers import Container
+else:
+    Container = Any
+
+
+class DIWiringWarning(RuntimeWarning):
+    """Base class for all warnings raised by the wiring module."""
 
 
 class PatchedRegistry:
@@ -99,7 +148,9 @@ class PatchedRegistry:
     def register_callable(self, patched: "PatchedCallable") -> None:
         self._callables[patched.patched] = patched
 
-    def get_callables_from_module(self, module: ModuleType) -> Iterator[Callable[..., Any]]:
+    def get_callables_from_module(
+        self, module: ModuleType
+    ) -> Iterator[Callable[..., Any]]:
         for patched_callable in self._callables.values():
             if not patched_callable.is_in_module(module):
                 continue
@@ -114,7 +165,9 @@ class PatchedRegistry:
     def register_attribute(self, patched: "PatchedAttribute") -> None:
         self._attributes.add(patched)
 
-    def get_attributes_from_module(self, module: ModuleType) -> Iterator["PatchedAttribute"]:
+    def get_attributes_from_module(
+        self, module: ModuleType
+    ) -> Iterator["PatchedAttribute"]:
         for attribute in self._attributes:
             if not attribute.is_in_module(module):
                 continue
@@ -139,11 +192,11 @@ class PatchedCallable:
     )
 
     def __init__(
-            self,
+        self,
-            patched: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        patched: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-            original: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        original: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-            reference_injections: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
+        reference_injections: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
-            reference_closing: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
+        reference_closing: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.patched = patched
         self.original = original
@@ -214,18 +267,21 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         )
 
     def resolve_provider(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider: Union[providers.Provider, str],
+        provider: Union[providers.Provider, str],
-            modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
+        modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         if isinstance(provider, providers.Delegate):
             return self._resolve_delegate(provider)
-        elif isinstance(provider, (
+        elif isinstance(
-            providers.ProvidedInstance,
+            provider,
-            providers.AttributeGetter,
+            (
-            providers.ItemGetter,
+                providers.ProvidedInstance,
-            providers.MethodCaller,
+                providers.AttributeGetter,
-        )):
+                providers.ItemGetter,
+                providers.MethodCaller,
+            ),
+        ):
             return self._resolve_provided_instance(provider)
         elif isinstance(provider, providers.ConfigurationOption):
             return self._resolve_config_option(provider)
@@ -237,9 +293,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
             return self._resolve_provider(provider)
 
     def _resolve_string_id(
-            self,
+        self,
-            id: str,
+        id: str,
-            modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
+        modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         if id == self.CONTAINER_STRING_ID:
             return self._container.__self__
@@ -256,16 +312,19 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return provider
 
     def _resolve_provided_instance(
-            self,
+        self,
-            original: providers.Provider,
+        original: providers.Provider,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         modifiers = []
-        while isinstance(original, (
+        while isinstance(
+            original,
+            (
                 providers.ProvidedInstance,
                 providers.AttributeGetter,
                 providers.ItemGetter,
                 providers.MethodCaller,
-        )):
+            ),
+        ):
             modifiers.insert(0, original)
             original = original.provides
 
@@ -289,8 +348,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return new
 
     def _resolve_delegate(
-            self,
+        self,
-            original: providers.Delegate,
+        original: providers.Delegate,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         provider = self._resolve_provider(original.provides)
         if provider:
@@ -298,11 +357,11 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return provider
 
     def _resolve_config_option(
-            self,
+        self,
-            original: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        original: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            as_: Any = None,
+        as_: Any = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
-        original_root = original.root
+        original_root = original._get_root()
         new = self._resolve_provider(original_root)
         if new is None:
             return None
@@ -324,8 +383,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return new
 
     def _resolve_provider(
-            self,
+        self,
-            original: providers.Provider,
+        original: providers.Provider,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         try:
             return self._map[original]
@@ -334,9 +393,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
 
     @classmethod
     def _create_providers_map(
-            cls,
+        cls,
-            current_container: Container,
+        current_container: Container,
-            original_container: Container,
+        original_container: Container,
     ) -> Dict[providers.Provider, providers.Provider]:
         current_providers = current_container.providers
         current_providers["__self__"] = current_container.__self__
@@ -349,8 +408,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
             original_provider = original_providers[provider_name]
             providers_map[original_provider] = current_provider
 
-            if isinstance(current_provider, providers.Container) \
+            if isinstance(current_provider, providers.Container) and isinstance(
-                    and isinstance(original_provider, providers.Container):
+                original_provider, providers.Container
+            ):
                 subcontainer_map = cls._create_providers_map(
                     current_container=current_provider.container,
                     original_container=original_provider.container,
@@ -360,35 +420,19 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return providers_map
 
 
-class InspectFilter:
+def is_excluded_from_inspect(obj: Any) -> bool:
-
+    for is_excluded in INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS:
-    def is_excluded(self, instance: object) -> bool:
+        if is_excluded(obj):
-        if self._is_werkzeug_local_proxy(instance):
             return True
-        elif self._is_starlette_request_cls(instance):
+    return False
-            return True
-        elif self._is_builtin(instance):
-            return True
-        else:
-            return False
-
-    def _is_werkzeug_local_proxy(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return werkzeug and isinstance(instance, werkzeug.local.LocalProxy)
-
-    def _is_starlette_request_cls(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return starlette \
-               and isinstance(instance, type) \
-               and _safe_is_subclass(instance, starlette.requests.Request)
-
-    def _is_builtin(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return inspect.isbuiltin(instance)
 
 
 def wire(  # noqa: C901
-        container: Container,
+    container: Container,
-        *,
+    *,
-        modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-        packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    keep_cache: bool = False,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -400,8 +444,8 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
     providers_map = ProvidersMap(container)
 
     for module in modules:
-        for member_name, member in inspect.getmembers(module):
+        for member_name, member in _get_members_and_annotated(module):
-            if _inspect_filter.is_excluded(member):
+            if is_excluded_from_inspect(member):
                 continue
 
             if _is_marker(member):
@@ -411,25 +455,32 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
             elif inspect.isclass(member):
                 cls = member
                 try:
-                    cls_members = inspect.getmembers(cls)
+                    cls_members = _get_members_and_annotated(cls)
                 except Exception:  # noqa
                     # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/441
                     continue
                 else:
                     for cls_member_name, cls_member in cls_members:
                         if _is_marker(cls_member):
-                            _patch_attribute(cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map)
+                            _patch_attribute(
+                                cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map
+                            )
                         elif _is_method(cls_member):
-                            _patch_method(cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map)
+                            _patch_method(
+                                cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map
+                            )
 
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
             _bind_injections(patched, providers_map)
 
+    if not keep_cache:
+        clear_cache()
+
 
 def unwire(  # noqa: C901
-        *,
+    *,
-        modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-        packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire provided packages and modules with previous wired providers."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -443,7 +494,9 @@ def unwire(  # noqa: C901
             if inspect.isfunction(member):
                 _unpatch(module, name, member)
             elif inspect.isclass(member):
-                for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(member, inspect.isfunction):
+                for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(
+                    member, inspect.isfunction
+                ):
                     _unpatch(member, method_name, method)
 
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
@@ -457,15 +510,20 @@ def unwire(  # noqa: C901
 def inject(fn: F) -> F:
     """Decorate callable with injecting decorator."""
     reference_injections, reference_closing = _fetch_reference_injections(fn)
+
+    if not reference_injections:
+        warn("@inject is not required here", DIWiringWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return fn
+
     patched = _get_patched(fn, reference_injections, reference_closing)
     return cast(F, patched)
 
 
 def _patch_fn(
-        module: ModuleType,
+    module: ModuleType,
-        name: str,
+    name: str,
-        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
     if not _is_patched(fn):
         reference_injections, reference_closing = _fetch_reference_injections(fn)
@@ -479,14 +537,16 @@ def _patch_fn(
 
 
 def _patch_method(
-        cls: Type,
+    cls: Type,
-        name: str,
+    name: str,
-        method: Callable[..., Any],
+    method: Callable[..., Any],
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
-    if hasattr(cls, "__dict__") \
+    if (
-            and name in cls.__dict__ \
+        hasattr(cls, "__dict__")
-            and isinstance(cls.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+        and name in cls.__dict__
+        and isinstance(cls.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod))
+    ):
         method = cls.__dict__[name]
         fn = method.__func__
     else:
@@ -500,6 +560,10 @@ def _patch_method(
 
     _bind_injections(fn, providers_map)
 
+    if fn is method:
+        # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/884
+        return
+
     if isinstance(method, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
         fn = type(method)(fn)
 
@@ -507,13 +571,15 @@ def _patch_method(
 
 
 def _unpatch(
-        module: ModuleType,
+    module: ModuleType,
-        name: str,
+    name: str,
-        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> None:
-    if hasattr(module, "__dict__") \
+    if (
-            and name in module.__dict__ \
+        hasattr(module, "__dict__")
-            and isinstance(module.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+        and name in module.__dict__
+        and isinstance(module.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod))
+    ):
         method = module.__dict__[name]
         fn = method.__func__
 
@@ -524,10 +590,10 @@ def _unpatch(
 
 
 def _patch_attribute(
-        member: Any,
+    member: Any,
-        name: str,
+    name: str,
-        marker: "_Marker",
+    marker: "_Marker",
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
     provider = providers_map.resolve_provider(marker.provider, marker.modifier)
     if provider is None:
@@ -548,16 +614,37 @@ def _unpatch_attribute(patched: PatchedAttribute) -> None:
     setattr(patched.member, patched.name, patched.marker)
 
 
+def _extract_marker(parameter: inspect.Parameter) -> Optional["_Marker"]:
+    if get_origin(parameter.annotation) is Annotated:
+        args = get_args(parameter.annotation)
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            marker = args[1]
+        else:
+            marker = None
+    else:
+        marker = parameter.default
+
+    for marker_extractor in MARKER_EXTRACTORS:
+        if _marker := marker_extractor(marker):
+            marker = _marker
+            break
+
+    if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
+        return None
+
+    return marker
+
+
+@cache
 def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
-        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
     # Hotfix, see:
     # - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
     # - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/398
-    if GenericAlias and any((
+    if GenericAlias and any(
-                fn is GenericAlias,
+        (fn is GenericAlias, getattr(fn, "__func__", None) is GenericAlias)
-                getattr(fn, "__func__", None) is GenericAlias
+    ):
-            )):
         fn = fn.__init__
 
     try:
@@ -573,18 +660,11 @@ def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     injections = {}
     closing = {}
     for parameter_name, parameter in signature.parameters.items():
-        if not isinstance(parameter.default, _Marker) \
+        marker = _extract_marker(parameter)
-                and not _is_fastapi_depends(parameter.default):
+
+        if marker is None:
             continue
 
-        marker = parameter.default
-
-        if _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
-            marker = marker.dependency
-
-            if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
-                continue
-
         if isinstance(marker, Closing):
             marker = marker.provider
             closing[parameter_name] = marker
@@ -593,22 +673,6 @@ def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     return injections, closing
 
 
-def _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider: providers.Provider) -> Dict[str, providers.Provider]:
-    if not hasattr(provider, "args"):
-        return {}
-
-    closing_deps = {}
-    for arg in provider.args:
-        if not isinstance(arg, providers.Provider) or not hasattr(arg, "args"):
-            continue
-
-        if not arg.args and isinstance(arg, providers.Resource):
-            return {str(id(arg)): arg}
-        else:
-            closing_deps += _locate_dependent_closing_args(arg)
-    return closing_deps
-
-
 def _bind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any], providers_map: ProvidersMap) -> None:
     patched_callable = _patched_registry.get_callable(fn)
     if patched_callable is None:
@@ -630,9 +694,9 @@ def _bind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any], providers_map: ProvidersMap) -> Non
 
         if injection in patched_callable.reference_closing:
             patched_callable.add_closing(injection, provider)
-            deps = _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider)
+
-            for key, dep in deps.items():
+            for resource in provider.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
-                patched_callable.add_closing(key, dep)
+                patched_callable.add_closing(str(id(resource)), resource)
 
 
 def _unbind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
@@ -647,8 +711,8 @@ def _fetch_modules(package):
     if not hasattr(package, "__path__") or not hasattr(package, "__name__"):
         return modules
     for module_info in pkgutil.walk_packages(
-            path=package.__path__,
+        path=package.__path__,
-            prefix=package.__name__ + ".",
+        prefix=package.__name__ + ".",
     ):
         module = importlib.import_module(module_info.name)
         modules.append(module)
@@ -664,9 +728,9 @@ def _is_marker(member) -> bool:
 
 
 def _get_patched(
-        fn: F,
+    fn: F,
-        reference_injections: Dict[Any, Any],
+    reference_injections: Dict[Any, Any],
-        reference_closing: Dict[Any, Any],
+    reference_closing: Dict[Any, Any],
 ) -> F:
     patched_object = PatchedCallable(
         original=fn,
@@ -676,6 +740,8 @@ def _get_patched(
 
     if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(fn):
         patched = _get_async_patched(fn, patched_object)
+    elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(fn):
+        patched = _get_async_gen_patched(fn, patched_object)
     else:
         patched = _get_sync_patched(fn, patched_object)
 
@@ -685,18 +751,16 @@ def _get_patched(
     return patched
 
 
-def _is_fastapi_depends(param: Any) -> bool:
-    return fastapi and isinstance(param, fastapi.params.Depends)
-
-
 def _is_patched(fn) -> bool:
     return _patched_registry.has_callable(fn)
 
 
 def _is_declarative_container(instance: Any) -> bool:
-    return (isinstance(instance, type)
+    return (
-            and getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True
+        isinstance(instance, type)
-            and getattr(instance, "declarative_parent", None) is None)
+        and getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True
+        and getattr(instance, "declarative_parent", None) is None
+    )
 
 
 def _safe_is_subclass(instance: Any, cls: Type) -> bool:
@@ -709,11 +773,10 @@ def _safe_is_subclass(instance: Any, cls: Type) -> bool:
 class Modifier:
 
     def modify(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
-    ) -> providers.Provider:
+    ) -> providers.Provider: ...
-        ...
 
 
 class TypeModifier(Modifier):
@@ -722,9 +785,9 @@ class TypeModifier(Modifier):
         self.type_ = type_
 
     def modify(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         return provider.as_(self.type_)
 
@@ -749,22 +812,22 @@ class RequiredModifier(Modifier):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.type_modifier = None
 
-    def as_int(self) -> "RequiredModifier":
+    def as_int(self) -> Self:
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(int)
         return self
 
-    def as_float(self) -> "RequiredModifier":
+    def as_float(self) -> Self:
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(float)
         return self
 
-    def as_(self, type_: Type) -> "RequiredModifier":
+    def as_(self, type_: Type) -> Self:
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(type_)
         return self
 
     def modify(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         provider = provider.required()
         if self.type_modifier:
@@ -783,9 +846,9 @@ class InvariantModifier(Modifier):
         self.id = id
 
     def modify(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         invariant_segment = providers_map.resolve_provider(self.id)
         return provider[invariant_segment]
@@ -805,22 +868,22 @@ class ProvidedInstance(Modifier):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.segments = []
 
-    def __getattr__(self, item):
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Self:
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_ATTRIBUTE, item))
         return self
 
-    def __getitem__(self, item):
+    def __getitem__(self, item) -> Self:
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_ITEM, item))
         return self
 
-    def call(self):
+    def call(self) -> Self:
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_CALL, None))
         return self
 
     def modify(
-            self,
+        self,
-            provider: providers.Provider,
+        provider: providers.Provider,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         provider = provider.provided
         for type_, value in self.segments:
@@ -838,47 +901,56 @@ def provided() -> ProvidedInstance:
     return ProvidedInstance()
 
 
-class ClassGetItemMeta(GenericMeta):
+MarkerItem = Union[
-    def __getitem__(cls, item):
+    str,
-        # Spike for Python 3.6
+    providers.Provider[Any],
-        if isinstance(item, tuple):
+    Tuple[str, TypeModifier],
-            return cls(*item)
+    Type[Container],
-        return cls(item)
+    "_Marker",
+]
 
 
-class _Marker(Generic[T], metaclass=ClassGetItemMeta):
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
-    __IS_MARKER__ = True
+    class _Marker(Protocol):
+        __IS_MARKER__: bool
 
-    def __init__(
+        def __call__(self) -> Self: ...
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Self: ...
+        def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    Provide: _Marker
+    Provider: _Marker
+    Closing: _Marker
+else:
+
+    class _Marker:
+
+        __IS_MARKER__ = True
+
+        def __init__(
             self,
             provider: Union[providers.Provider, Container, str],
             modifier: Optional[Modifier] = None,
-    ) -> None:
+        ) -> None:
-        if _is_declarative_container(provider):
+            if _is_declarative_container(provider):
-            provider = provider.__self__
+                provider = provider.__self__
-        self.provider = provider
+            self.provider = provider
-        self.modifier = modifier
+            self.modifier = modifier
 
-    def __class_getitem__(cls, item) -> T:
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: MarkerItem) -> Self:
-        if isinstance(item, tuple):
+            if isinstance(item, tuple):
-            return cls(*item)
+                return cls(*item)
-        return cls(item)
+            return cls(item)
 
-    def __call__(self) -> T:
+        def __call__(self) -> Self:
-        return self
+            return self
 
+    class Provide(_Marker): ...
 
-class Provide(_Marker):
+    class Provider(_Marker): ...
-    ...
 
-
+    class Closing(_Marker): ...
-class Provider(_Marker):
-    ...
-
-
-class Closing(_Marker):
-    ...
 
 
 class AutoLoader:
@@ -928,8 +1000,7 @@ class AutoLoader:
                 super().exec_module(module)
                 loader.wire_module(module)
 
-        class ExtensionFileLoader(importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader):
+        class ExtensionFileLoader(importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader): ...
-            ...
 
         loader_details = [
             (SourcelessFileLoader, importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES),
@@ -978,24 +1049,71 @@ def is_loader_installed() -> bool:
 
 
 _patched_registry = PatchedRegistry()
-_inspect_filter = InspectFilter()
 _loader = AutoLoader()
 
 # Optimizations
-from ._cwiring import _get_sync_patched  # noqa
+from ._cwiring import DependencyResolver  # noqa: E402
-from ._cwiring import _async_inject  # noqa
 
 
 # Wiring uses the following Python wrapper because there is
 # no possibility to compile a first-type citizen coroutine in Cython.
 def _get_async_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
     @functools.wraps(fn)
-    async def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
+    async def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        return await _async_inject(
+        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
-            fn,
+
-            args,
+        async with resolver as kwargs:
-            kwargs,
+            return await fn(*args, **kwargs)
-            patched.injections,
+
-            patched.closing,
+    return cast(F, _patched)
-        )
+
-    return _patched
+
+def _get_async_gen_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    async def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
+
+        async with resolver as kwargs:
+            async for obj in fn(*args, **kwargs):
+                yield obj
+
+    return cast(F, _patched)
+
+
+def _get_sync_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
+
+        with resolver as kwargs:
+            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return cast(F, _patched)
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+
+    def _get_annotations(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return inspect.get_annotations(obj)
+
+else:
+
+    def _get_annotations(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return getattr(obj, "__annotations__", {})
+
+
+def _get_members_and_annotated(obj: Any) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
+    members = inspect.getmembers(obj)
+    annotations = _get_annotations(obj)
+    for annotation_name, annotation in annotations.items():
+        if get_origin(annotation) is Annotated:
+            args = get_args(annotation)
+            if len(args) > 1:
+                member = args[1]
+                members.append((annotation_name, member))
+    return members
+
+
+def clear_cache() -> None:
+    """Clear all caches used by :func:`wire`."""
+    _fetch_reference_injections.cache_clear()

tests/.configs/pytest-py27.ini

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-testpaths = tests/unit/
-python_files = test_*_py2_py3.py
-asyncio_mode = auto
-filterwarnings =
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:The \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/.configs/pytest-py35.ini

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-testpaths = tests/unit/
-python_files = test_*_py3.py
-asyncio_mode = auto
-filterwarnings =
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:The \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/.configs/pytest.ini

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-testpaths = tests/unit/
-python_files = test_*_py3*.py
-asyncio_mode = auto
-filterwarnings =
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Please import \`.*?\` from the \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace(.*):DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:\`scipy(.*?)\` is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/typing/aggregate.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal:
+class Animal: ...
-    ...
 
 
-class Cat(Animal):
+class Cat(Animal): ...
-    ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check Aggregate provider
@@ -20,13 +18,19 @@ val1: str = provider1("a")
 
 provider1_set_non_string_keys: providers.Aggregate[str] = providers.Aggregate()
 provider1_set_non_string_keys.set_providers({Cat: providers.Object("str")})
-provider_set_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_set_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+provider_set_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = (
+    provider1_set_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+)
 
 provider1_new_non_string_keys: providers.Aggregate[str] = providers.Aggregate(
     {Cat: providers.Object("str")},
 )
-factory_new_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_new_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+factory_new_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = (
+    provider1_new_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+)
 
 provider1_no_explicit_typing = providers.Aggregate(a=providers.Object("str"))
-provider1_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_no_explicit_typing.providers["a"]
+provider1_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Provider[str] = (
+    provider1_no_explicit_typing.providers["a"]
+)
 provider1_no_explicit_typing_object: str = provider1_no_explicit_typing("a")